Counselling in Nairn
![Photo of Pamela Muir - Personal Meaning Counselling, MBACP, Counsellor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/0b227373-8574-42f2-80f5-2612515edf56/1/320x400.png)
Hi, I'm Pamela and if you are struggling to find meaning in life right now, I'm here to work with you to find the answers you need. Perhaps you have experienced loss, trauma or are trying to navigate a period of change in your life. Bereavement, the end of a relationship, loss of health or loss of employment may have left you unable to find purpose in the present and unable to envision a meaningful future. Or perhaps something from your past is still haunting you. At times like these it can be difficult to imagine a meaningful future and you might feel stuck, undervalued, unheard or just unsure how you can carry on. I'm here to help
Hi, I'm Pamela and if you are struggling to find meaning in life right now, I'm here to work with you to find the answers you need. Perhaps you have experienced loss, trauma or are trying to navigate a period of change in your life. Bereavement, the end of a relationship, loss of health or loss of employment may have left you unable to find purpose in the present and unable to envision a meaningful future. Or perhaps something from your past is still haunting you. At times like these it can be difficult to imagine a meaningful future and you might feel stuck, undervalued, unheard or just unsure how you can carry on. I'm here to help
![Photo of Elke Ambrose, DCounsPsych, MNCPS Acc., Counsellor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/22e921bd-0022-4306-ab29-a27b24d78ba9/1/320x400.jpeg)
I really love my job and helping individuals through tough times towards peace and fulfilment is something I'm deeply passionate about. I believe every person has the potential for growth and change and that sometimes it's helpful to have someone to support you in that journey.
I really love my job and helping individuals through tough times towards peace and fulfilment is something I'm deeply passionate about. I believe every person has the potential for growth and change and that sometimes it's helpful to have someone to support you in that journey.
![Photo of Kim Alice Brown, MBACP, Counsellor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/cb41c14b-4f1b-4455-834b-00e19ce473a6/2/320x400.jpeg)
I work with both individuals and Couples to support their movement towards their desired outcomes and provide a safe, non-judgmental and empathic space for clients to discuss their worries. My aim is to support my clients with my therapeutic and blended approach using my 2 areas of expertise, Counselling, and Peter Hess Sound massage in my 90 min sessions to work together with my clients to help foster a deeper sense of calm, connection and communication. My space is one of inclusivity, relishing in the individuality of each client and their experiences. I pride myself on offering a warm, caring environment for my clients
I work with both individuals and Couples to support their movement towards their desired outcomes and provide a safe, non-judgmental and empathic space for clients to discuss their worries. My aim is to support my clients with my therapeutic and blended approach using my 2 areas of expertise, Counselling, and Peter Hess Sound massage in my 90 min sessions to work together with my clients to help foster a deeper sense of calm, connection and communication. My space is one of inclusivity, relishing in the individuality of each client and their experiences. I pride myself on offering a warm, caring environment for my clients
![Photo of Angela Naylor - Angela Naylor - AMN Counselling & Psychotherapy, PMCOSCA, Psychotherapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/db9f55ba-bfb1-4d2c-b814-b1c5365f3495/1/320x400.jpeg)
Angela Naylor - AMN Counselling & Psychotherapy
Psychotherapist, PMCOSCA
Verified Verified
Nairn IV12 (Online Only)
Diagnosed ADHD, I have first-hand experience of living with a spiky brain and all that encompasses, the anxiety, and past traumas associated with being a bit different. I’m a massive advocate for neurodiversity, and have a passion for supporting and enabling people to realise their potential. How our brains work and the effect they have on us will depend on our own unique circumstances and life experience. Together we can find the best way to recognise and work with your own uniqueness.
Diagnosed ADHD, I have first-hand experience of living with a spiky brain and all that encompasses, the anxiety, and past traumas associated with being a bit different. I’m a massive advocate for neurodiversity, and have a passion for supporting and enabling people to realise their potential. How our brains work and the effect they have on us will depend on our own unique circumstances and life experience. Together we can find the best way to recognise and work with your own uniqueness.
![Photo of Toni Kearton, MCOSCA, Counsellor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/c77263b8-af6b-47c9-ab44-036793a8ff73/2/320x400.jpeg)
Hello. I'm Toni, a person-centred counsellor, working one-to-one with adults, in person near Grantown on Spey (both indoors and outside "walk and talk" sessions), and online and by phone from anywhere in the UK. I work with the person, not "the problem" - I'm interested in you, your experience, and what brings you here. Perhaps you’re suffering from past trauma, facing major life changes, or feeling down, depressed or anxious - or perhaps you simply want to understand yourself better. There’s no “right” or “wrong” reason to come to counselling, and you don’t have to be in crisis to do so.
Hello. I'm Toni, a person-centred counsellor, working one-to-one with adults, in person near Grantown on Spey (both indoors and outside "walk and talk" sessions), and online and by phone from anywhere in the UK. I work with the person, not "the problem" - I'm interested in you, your experience, and what brings you here. Perhaps you’re suffering from past trauma, facing major life changes, or feeling down, depressed or anxious - or perhaps you simply want to understand yourself better. There’s no “right” or “wrong” reason to come to counselling, and you don’t have to be in crisis to do so.
![Photo of Katherine Helen Stewart, MNCPS Acc., Psychotherapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/54767226-4bfa-49c4-bbdd-367651796d0e/4/320x400.jpeg)
Counselling is a support for you when things in life feel stuck or challenging. You might be struggling in your relationships, or find yourself in repeating patterns of behaviour which dont serve you. You want to be able to talk this out with a trained professional, who can explore it with you and help identify what might be going on.
Counselling is a support for you when things in life feel stuck or challenging. You might be struggling in your relationships, or find yourself in repeating patterns of behaviour which dont serve you. You want to be able to talk this out with a trained professional, who can explore it with you and help identify what might be going on.
More Therapists Nearby
![Photo of Lilla Cseke, MBACP, Counsellor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/4d0822ea-46cd-11ea-a6ad-06142c356176/2/320x400.jpeg)
I offer 1 : 1 relational therapeutic counselling. Drawing on years of experience working with adults within varied settings in different countries, I offer you non-judgmental support, a safe environment to freely express and explore what is unsettling you and how to move forward. I have experience in working with stress related issues, anxiety, depression, relationship concerns, relationship with food, low self-esteem, feeling stuck and issues around belonging. Evening, day-time appointments available Monday to Friday: in-person, phone, online video and Walk & Talk sessions. Initial assessment is £65, sessions are £55 for 1 hour.
I offer 1 : 1 relational therapeutic counselling. Drawing on years of experience working with adults within varied settings in different countries, I offer you non-judgmental support, a safe environment to freely express and explore what is unsettling you and how to move forward. I have experience in working with stress related issues, anxiety, depression, relationship concerns, relationship with food, low self-esteem, feeling stuck and issues around belonging. Evening, day-time appointments available Monday to Friday: in-person, phone, online video and Walk & Talk sessions. Initial assessment is £65, sessions are £55 for 1 hour.
![Photo of Chloe McDowell, DCounsPsych, MCOSCA, Counsellor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/2d6957b6-49d8-4492-b867-17950143bce9/1/320x400.jpeg)
Life can challenge us all. Sometimes we feel stuck, confused, overwhelmed by our emotions or unsure how to change a situation that is hurting us. I can help. I support clients with a wide range of issues, including: anxiety, low mood, grief and loss, difficulty adjusting to relocation or changed circumstances, relationships, self-esteem and identity. Events and unresolved trauma from our past can have a significant impact on present feelings. Having the opportunity to talk in a safe, supportive space free of judgement, can help to make sense of what is going in your life and enable you to find a clear way forward.
Life can challenge us all. Sometimes we feel stuck, confused, overwhelmed by our emotions or unsure how to change a situation that is hurting us. I can help. I support clients with a wide range of issues, including: anxiety, low mood, grief and loss, difficulty adjusting to relocation or changed circumstances, relationships, self-esteem and identity. Events and unresolved trauma from our past can have a significant impact on present feelings. Having the opportunity to talk in a safe, supportive space free of judgement, can help to make sense of what is going in your life and enable you to find a clear way forward.
![Photo of Michele Junges-Stainthorpe, MBACP, Counsellor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/2aa7228b-27a5-473e-b9a6-ed6f14eff408/2/320x400.jpeg)
We all experience times when we feel isolated, misunderstood or lonely; we have the impression that we can’t function anymore in our daily life. Keeping it all inside and being unable to share our thoughts and feelings with someone for fear of being judged or criticised is not a pleasant thought. As humans, we need to talk, and we make sense of our individual circumstances and pain by processing them. I am here to support you through your difficult times.
We all experience times when we feel isolated, misunderstood or lonely; we have the impression that we can’t function anymore in our daily life. Keeping it all inside and being unable to share our thoughts and feelings with someone for fear of being judged or criticised is not a pleasant thought. As humans, we need to talk, and we make sense of our individual circumstances and pain by processing them. I am here to support you through your difficult times.
![Photo of Vivienne Harte, MA, MUKCP, Psychotherapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/483514ad-eec3-47fd-b7cf-da59d15d61cc/2/320x400.jpeg)
I offer online therapy, both individual and group work for people who may be seeking change in their lives, may be struggling with aspects of their life and want greater self understanding. I am a qualified psychodynamic psychotherapist and group analyst. I have experience of conducting on-line therapy groups for individuals affected by the experience of Covid pandemic and especially those recovering from Long Covid.
I offer online therapy, both individual and group work for people who may be seeking change in their lives, may be struggling with aspects of their life and want greater self understanding. I am a qualified psychodynamic psychotherapist and group analyst. I have experience of conducting on-line therapy groups for individuals affected by the experience of Covid pandemic and especially those recovering from Long Covid.
![Photo of Eugenie Young, MSc, MBACP, Psychotherapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/43dc5664-0890-44ac-a024-eae4900b0ce4/2/320x400.jpeg)
Life's challenges can leave us feeling lost, overwhelmed, and uncertain. If you find yourself adrift amidst situations that seem insurmountable, struggling with past traumas, or seeking a deeper understanding of yourself, counselling offers a guiding light. Step into a space that's empathetic, non-judgmental, and secure—a place where you can explore your life's complexities. Together, we'll navigate the areas you wish to change, unravel patterns that no longer serve you, and address any pain you may carry. As you gain clarity about yourself, transformation and liberation become attainable goals.
Life's challenges can leave us feeling lost, overwhelmed, and uncertain. If you find yourself adrift amidst situations that seem insurmountable, struggling with past traumas, or seeking a deeper understanding of yourself, counselling offers a guiding light. Step into a space that's empathetic, non-judgmental, and secure—a place where you can explore your life's complexities. Together, we'll navigate the areas you wish to change, unravel patterns that no longer serve you, and address any pain you may carry. As you gain clarity about yourself, transformation and liberation become attainable goals.
![Photo of Douglas Stevenson - dfscounselling, MSc, MBACP, Counsellor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/1d6a112c-0e1c-4b6a-b4d1-7001d1948c73/1/320x400.jpeg)
I assume you are here because you need help/understanding, or seek direction with your life. I completely understand those reasonings and they were some of my motivations to train as a psychotherapist. I have been a client as well as counsellor and therefore aware of that trepidation of taking those first steps towards therapy. I'm glad I did because it empowered me in my desire to do what was right — for me. I am passionate about supporting those struggling with issues which is why I keep my prices as low as possible. You are a valuable individual. You've started your journey now see where it leads you.
I assume you are here because you need help/understanding, or seek direction with your life. I completely understand those reasonings and they were some of my motivations to train as a psychotherapist. I have been a client as well as counsellor and therefore aware of that trepidation of taking those first steps towards therapy. I'm glad I did because it empowered me in my desire to do what was right — for me. I am passionate about supporting those struggling with issues which is why I keep my prices as low as possible. You are a valuable individual. You've started your journey now see where it leads you.
![Photo of Ashanty Alves, BACP, Counsellor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/3835f191-e651-457b-b689-12689a6dccad/6/320x400.jpeg)
Are you an overthinker? Would you consider yourself to be quite sensitive? Struggling with people-pleasing tendencies or self-esteem issues? Are you currently going through an internal conflict? If this resonates with you, I can support you. I am a Highly Sensitive, Psychotherapeutic Counsellor who specialises in working with individuals who struggle with self-esteem issues, and people-pleasing and are quite sensitive in nature. You may be feeling tired of being stuck in repeated patterns and find yourself longing for change, yet needing assistance to work through them.
Are you an overthinker? Would you consider yourself to be quite sensitive? Struggling with people-pleasing tendencies or self-esteem issues? Are you currently going through an internal conflict? If this resonates with you, I can support you. I am a Highly Sensitive, Psychotherapeutic Counsellor who specialises in working with individuals who struggle with self-esteem issues, and people-pleasing and are quite sensitive in nature. You may be feeling tired of being stuck in repeated patterns and find yourself longing for change, yet needing assistance to work through them.
Online Therapists
![Photo of Jackie Read, ACC-AC, Counsellor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/36099083-4bfe-4bba-8005-d0aad57a8a8f/2/320x400.jpeg)
I am a registered and accredited counsellor with over 10 years’ experience and provide one to one counselling for adults of all ages. I specialise in working with complex trauma, C-PTSD( complex post traumatic stress disorder) and disorders like BPD.I have considerable experience of working with depression, anxiety, coping with loss and bereavement, panic attacks, anger issues, intense guilt, trauma, childhood sexual abuse and difficulty in relating to others.I also have experience working with clients on the Autistic spectrum or Asperger’s and family members.
I am a registered and accredited counsellor with over 10 years’ experience and provide one to one counselling for adults of all ages. I specialise in working with complex trauma, C-PTSD( complex post traumatic stress disorder) and disorders like BPD.I have considerable experience of working with depression, anxiety, coping with loss and bereavement, panic attacks, anger issues, intense guilt, trauma, childhood sexual abuse and difficulty in relating to others.I also have experience working with clients on the Autistic spectrum or Asperger’s and family members.
![Photo of Dawn Louise Graham - New Dawn Counselling, PNCPS Acc., Counsellor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/76fa4bd1-701b-4534-ade1-12efdd8822dd/2/320x400.jpeg)
Do you pretend to function well on the outside but feel down, unmotivated and lack confidence on the inside? Are you no longer enjoying the things you once did, not quite sure what is going on for you but know something does not feel right? Feeling anxious, experiencing difficulties with relationships or finding it hard to deal with a bereavement or a loss of some sort? These issues and many others can throw us off course in life, momentarily losing ourselves. Or maybe more simply, there is a curiosity and desire to get to know yourself better.
Do you pretend to function well on the outside but feel down, unmotivated and lack confidence on the inside? Are you no longer enjoying the things you once did, not quite sure what is going on for you but know something does not feel right? Feeling anxious, experiencing difficulties with relationships or finding it hard to deal with a bereavement or a loss of some sort? These issues and many others can throw us off course in life, momentarily losing ourselves. Or maybe more simply, there is a curiosity and desire to get to know yourself better.
![Photo of Ruth Juster, MBACP, Counsellor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/390d41c9-2df4-4951-8cb8-5521db69b3f0/1/320x400.jpeg)
If you’re searching this website for a counsellor or psychotherapist then there’s probably something that’s troubling you. Finding the right person to trust with your vulnerabilities is important and often scary. I am highly motivated by the joy of seeing my clients getting the breakthroughs they are looking for and freedom from what holds them back or hurts them. I focus on empowering my clients and ensuring they remain in control of the pace and outcomes they want to achieve. My clients often tell me they appreciate my warm, empathetic, compassionate, and non-judgemental style.
If you’re searching this website for a counsellor or psychotherapist then there’s probably something that’s troubling you. Finding the right person to trust with your vulnerabilities is important and often scary. I am highly motivated by the joy of seeing my clients getting the breakthroughs they are looking for and freedom from what holds them back or hurts them. I focus on empowering my clients and ensuring they remain in control of the pace and outcomes they want to achieve. My clients often tell me they appreciate my warm, empathetic, compassionate, and non-judgemental style.
![Photo of Mark Ernest Hepburn, MNCPS Acc., Psychotherapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/6c81aae0-ac61-42ca-8c7c-e992c3a1d1b6/3/320x400.jpeg)
People tell me that I'm warm, funny and really good with people and I feel I bring this to my client work. I believe that clients need to feel safe and develop a sense of trust before the process of sharing can evolve in to the dynamic process I believe provides the best opportunity for change and developing insight. I think what underpins this is the belief that a tight rope walker wont let go unless they feel they have a safety net to catch them, perhaps clients are the same in that regard. My philosophy of counselling has evolved but what has never changed is my belief in the uniqueness and individuality of clients and progress
People tell me that I'm warm, funny and really good with people and I feel I bring this to my client work. I believe that clients need to feel safe and develop a sense of trust before the process of sharing can evolve in to the dynamic process I believe provides the best opportunity for change and developing insight. I think what underpins this is the belief that a tight rope walker wont let go unless they feel they have a safety net to catch them, perhaps clients are the same in that regard. My philosophy of counselling has evolved but what has never changed is my belief in the uniqueness and individuality of clients and progress
![Photo of Liam Quinn, MSc, MBACP, Counsellor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/883399ea-3935-4f1d-bcbf-7c3516fb8d88/2/320x400.jpeg)
Therapy generally can be challenging, discovering ones barriers, patterns of behaviour, amongst many other possible struggles that aren't serving you well in your daily life or that you've been carrying with you for a long time. As a pluralistic counsellor and psychotherapist, I embrace this diversity of human experiences and what each individual brings to the counselling room. I specialise in working with individuals who have experienced abuse, trauma, anxiety, depression, addictions and bereavement. Whether seeking support in these areas or others, I offer a safe, non-judgmental space where you can explore, grow, and thrive.
Therapy generally can be challenging, discovering ones barriers, patterns of behaviour, amongst many other possible struggles that aren't serving you well in your daily life or that you've been carrying with you for a long time. As a pluralistic counsellor and psychotherapist, I embrace this diversity of human experiences and what each individual brings to the counselling room. I specialise in working with individuals who have experienced abuse, trauma, anxiety, depression, addictions and bereavement. Whether seeking support in these areas or others, I offer a safe, non-judgmental space where you can explore, grow, and thrive.
![Photo of Julie Suzanne Seymour, MSc, MBACP, Counsellor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/162e41f6-ba1b-41ac-884c-f7c3eb127cde/1/320x400.jpeg)
Modern life is difficult and we can all easily find ourselves in situations where we are struggling. Perhaps with addiction, anxiety, depression, low self esteem, relationship issues, mood disorders or behavioural difficulties. Our mental health can be negatively affected. Research highlights that receiving counselling from a counsellor or psychotherapist, in a safe, non-judgemental, confidential space can help us heal and grow. Drawing on a range of therapeutic tasks, with you in control, we can move towards your goals on your path to wellness and good mental health.
Modern life is difficult and we can all easily find ourselves in situations where we are struggling. Perhaps with addiction, anxiety, depression, low self esteem, relationship issues, mood disorders or behavioural difficulties. Our mental health can be negatively affected. Research highlights that receiving counselling from a counsellor or psychotherapist, in a safe, non-judgemental, confidential space can help us heal and grow. Drawing on a range of therapeutic tasks, with you in control, we can move towards your goals on your path to wellness and good mental health.
See more therapy options for Nairn
How does your Counsellor compare?
Number of Counsellors in Nairn
< 10
Counsellors in Nairn who prioritize treating:
100% | Anxiety |
83% | Relationship Issues |
83% | Depression |
83% | Self Esteem |
67% | Family Conflict |
50% | Trauma and PTSD |
50% | Divorce |
Average years in practice
2 Years
Gender breakdown
100% | Female |
How Counsellors in Nairn see their clients
84% | In Person and Online | |
16% | Online Only |
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling
How can I find a therapist in Nairn?
Search for nearby therapists or counsellors by inputting your city, postcode, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postcode into the search bar.
Learn more about how to find a therapist
Learn more about how to find a therapist
Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?
Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are members of the main professional associations, mainly the British Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy (BACP) and the UK Council for Psychotherapy (UKCP). Most Psychologists in the directory are accredited members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and/or are registered in the Health and Care Professions Council (HPCP).
Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given that professional memberships are not a statutory requirement for psychotherapists and counsellors in the UK, certain qualified professionals or organisations may choose not to maintain such memberships despite possessing the necessary qualifications. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.
Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given that professional memberships are not a statutory requirement for psychotherapists and counsellors in the UK, certain qualified professionals or organisations may choose not to maintain such memberships despite possessing the necessary qualifications. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.
What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?
Counsellors, psychotherapists and psychologists can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and experience that enable them to do so in the UK. Psychologists have earned a degree in psychology and many are members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and have completed a postgraduate qualification in a specialism. Counsellors and Psychotherapists are not required to have a psychology degree, but to belong to a professional organisation such as the BACP or UKCP, they are required to have completed a training course as well as clinical and supervision hours.
What type of therapy is right for me?
The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.
How much does therapy cost?
The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the UK could be between £30 - £60 when seeing a counsellor and £60 - £150 and up when seeing a clinical psychologist. If you have private insurance, your plan may cover some if not all of your sessions. You should contact your insurance provider to determine if they provide coverage for therapy sessions and to determine what, if any, requirements they might have in order for your sessions to be covered, such as a referral from your GP or medical specialist.
What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?
Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.
If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. The NHS Talking therapies programme offers free of charge counselling for common mental health problems like anxiety and depression. The service is available to anyone registered with a GP, though you do not necessarily need to be referred by your GP and can refer yourself directly to a Talking therapies service. The service will provide different solutions, including group and individual therapy, for a limited number of sessions which are generally up to six.
If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. The NHS Talking therapies programme offers free of charge counselling for common mental health problems like anxiety and depression. The service is available to anyone registered with a GP, though you do not necessarily need to be referred by your GP and can refer yourself directly to a Talking therapies service. The service will provide different solutions, including group and individual therapy, for a limited number of sessions which are generally up to six.
Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?
Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.
Is online therapy a good option?
Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postcode.
Are therapy sessions confidential?
Therapists who are part of a professional organisation such as the BACP, the UKCP, or BPS are bound by an ethical framework that requires them to uphold a confidentiality agreement. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there has been participation in a criminal act or act of terror, or if there is potential or known harm to the client or others, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.