Counselling in Isle of Lewis

Photo of John Gillespie, MNCPS Acc., Counsellor
John Gillespie
Counsellor, MNCPS Acc.
Verified Verified
Isle of Lewis HS2
I work with those dealing with early life trauma, loneliness, shame, addiction, relational difficulties, anxiety/depression, gender/sexuality, grief and questions of life purpose. I practice a trauma-informed gestalt therapy, which means I place emphasis on responding to you as a fellow human being. I also run therapy groups periodically. Please register your interest if you wish to join a group.
I work with those dealing with early life trauma, loneliness, shame, addiction, relational difficulties, anxiety/depression, gender/sexuality, grief and questions of life purpose. I practice a trauma-informed gestalt therapy, which means I place emphasis on responding to you as a fellow human being. I also run therapy groups periodically. Please register your interest if you wish to join a group.
01851 600641 View 01851 600641
Photo of Andrew Perry, CPsychol, Psychologist
Andrew Perry
Psychologist, CPsychol
Verified Verified
Isle of Lewis HS2
Hello, my name is Andrew Perry. I believe we can help each other. I specialise in helping by example. I offer free resources on my website, clinical supervision, outdoor therapy, an online therapeutic group and free initial online sixty minute consultations. It's ordinary to have times when we feel less healthy than others. Maybe you have experienced receiving help to feel healthier. People helped to rediscover the bravery to change their experience. People like us. I think everyone deserves help to feel healthier.
Hello, my name is Andrew Perry. I believe we can help each other. I specialise in helping by example. I offer free resources on my website, clinical supervision, outdoor therapy, an online therapeutic group and free initial online sixty minute consultations. It's ordinary to have times when we feel less healthy than others. Maybe you have experienced receiving help to feel healthier. People helped to rediscover the bravery to change their experience. People like us. I think everyone deserves help to feel healthier.
01324 462945 View 01324 462945

Online Therapists

Photo of Brooke Hulsizer, MSc, PNCPS Acc., Psychotherapist
Brooke Hulsizer
Psychotherapist, MSc, PNCPS Acc.
Verified Verified
Inverness IV2
Waitlist for new clients
I am originally from the USA, where I have experience working with adults, families, and groups in inpatient and outpatient settings. My passions lie in working with people impacted by trauma, attachment disorders, relational distress, addiction, low mood, anxiety, and general unhappiness. I often work alongside my clients to figure out why they feel the way they do and identify their needs based on what we discover. I use modalities like CBT, DBT, Emotion-Focused Therapy, and EMDR to understand and heal underlying causes of external problems.
I am originally from the USA, where I have experience working with adults, families, and groups in inpatient and outpatient settings. My passions lie in working with people impacted by trauma, attachment disorders, relational distress, addiction, low mood, anxiety, and general unhappiness. I often work alongside my clients to figure out why they feel the way they do and identify their needs based on what we discover. I use modalities like CBT, DBT, Emotion-Focused Therapy, and EMDR to understand and heal underlying causes of external problems.
01456 494627 View 01456 494627
Photo of Rae Moss, MA, MBACP, Counsellor
Rae Moss
Counsellor, MA, MBACP
Verified Verified
Inverness IV1  (Online Only)
You’re here because you want something in your life to be different. This could be your environments, the way you feel / think about yourself, your relationships with others, and / or your world. It can be difficult to know where to turn and sometimes you can feel very alone, struggling to open up to those around you for fear of being burdensome, not understood or accepted. Therapy is an empowering process, supporting you to become more aware of and connect with yourself and others. Through it you'll reframe past wounds, identify and prioritise your needs, enhancing the feeling of security within yourself and relationships.
You’re here because you want something in your life to be different. This could be your environments, the way you feel / think about yourself, your relationships with others, and / or your world. It can be difficult to know where to turn and sometimes you can feel very alone, struggling to open up to those around you for fear of being burdensome, not understood or accepted. Therapy is an empowering process, supporting you to become more aware of and connect with yourself and others. Through it you'll reframe past wounds, identify and prioritise your needs, enhancing the feeling of security within yourself and relationships.
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Photo of Kasia McMorland, DCounsPsych, MBACP, Counsellor
Kasia McMorland
Counsellor, DCounsPsych, MBACP
Verified Verified
Kyle IV40  (Online Only)
I am an experienced counsellor and psychotherapist. My approach to psychotherapy is deeply rooted in the humanistic values of person-centred and emotion-focused modalities. I provide a safe environment for each client to explore their concerns by offering acceptance, respect, and empathy. I believe one of the key purposes of psychotherapy is to increase each client’s self-awareness, which consequently aids personal growth and the fulfilment of innate potential. I am also passionate about the current findings of interpersonal neurobiology (IPNB) and its application to psychotherapy.
I am an experienced counsellor and psychotherapist. My approach to psychotherapy is deeply rooted in the humanistic values of person-centred and emotion-focused modalities. I provide a safe environment for each client to explore their concerns by offering acceptance, respect, and empathy. I believe one of the key purposes of psychotherapy is to increase each client’s self-awareness, which consequently aids personal growth and the fulfilment of innate potential. I am also passionate about the current findings of interpersonal neurobiology (IPNB) and its application to psychotherapy.
01599 230330 View 01599 230330
Photo of Lorraine Davidson, MNCPS Acc., Counsellor
Lorraine Davidson
Counsellor, MNCPS Acc.
Verified Verified
Inverness IV1
I understand that life can become difficult and stressful. Some situations can feel overwhelming. I'm here to listen and to start you on the path to good mental health. Counselling provides a regular time and space for you to talk about your troubles and explore difficult feelings in an environment that is dependable, free from intrusion and confidential. Your viewpoint will always be respected. Counselling can support you to deal with specific problems, cope with a crisis, improve your relationships, or develop better ways of living. You can gain insight into your feelings and behaviour and make positive changes for mental health
I understand that life can become difficult and stressful. Some situations can feel overwhelming. I'm here to listen and to start you on the path to good mental health. Counselling provides a regular time and space for you to talk about your troubles and explore difficult feelings in an environment that is dependable, free from intrusion and confidential. Your viewpoint will always be respected. Counselling can support you to deal with specific problems, cope with a crisis, improve your relationships, or develop better ways of living. You can gain insight into your feelings and behaviour and make positive changes for mental health
01408 910351 View 01408 910351
Photo of Rhona Elizabeth Day
Rhona Elizabeth Day
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Inverness IV2
I work with a range of disorders including social anxiety, general anxiety, low self esteem, depression and panic. However, I recognise there is never a “one size fits all” approach and so I tailor our sessions to fit your needs, preferences and goals. I believe that with a safe space and some brave exploration of feelings, huge change can be made.
I work with a range of disorders including social anxiety, general anxiety, low self esteem, depression and panic. However, I recognise there is never a “one size fits all” approach and so I tailor our sessions to fit your needs, preferences and goals. I believe that with a safe space and some brave exploration of feelings, huge change can be made.
01456 498726 View 01456 498726
Photo of John McDonald - Jack McDonald Counselling and Psychotherapy, DCounsPsych, MCOSCA, Psychotherapist
Jack McDonald Counselling and Psychotherapy
Psychotherapist, DCounsPsych, MCOSCA
Verified Verified
Inverness IV3
My name is Jack and I am a person-centred counsellor and psychotherapist working in Inverness. I provide one-to-one therapy for adults and offer in-person appointments, online (Zoom) appointments, and telephone appointments. There are many reasons why you might be considering coming to therapy. Maybe you are looking for some help with a specific personal or emotional issue, or perhaps you have a more general sense of just not feeling okay. Whatever is troubling you, I can offer you the chance to discuss your problems in a safe, compassionate, and non-judgmental environment.
My name is Jack and I am a person-centred counsellor and psychotherapist working in Inverness. I provide one-to-one therapy for adults and offer in-person appointments, online (Zoom) appointments, and telephone appointments. There are many reasons why you might be considering coming to therapy. Maybe you are looking for some help with a specific personal or emotional issue, or perhaps you have a more general sense of just not feeling okay. Whatever is troubling you, I can offer you the chance to discuss your problems in a safe, compassionate, and non-judgmental environment.
01463 217287 View 01463 217287
Photo of Zachari Duncalf, MSc, MBACP, Counsellor
Zachari Duncalf
Counsellor, MSc, MBACP
Verified Verified
Inverness IV2
A warm welcome to you, At some point in our lives all of us will experience mental health difficulties that bring us to a place where we need to find care and support from another person to help us work through them. You do not have to be on your own whilst you are experiencing a challenging time in your life. I have experience of working with many different people from a variety of backgrounds bringing a wide range of issues. At the core i am interested in you as a person and together I can help you work through the difficulties you are facing.
A warm welcome to you, At some point in our lives all of us will experience mental health difficulties that bring us to a place where we need to find care and support from another person to help us work through them. You do not have to be on your own whilst you are experiencing a challenging time in your life. I have experience of working with many different people from a variety of backgrounds bringing a wide range of issues. At the core i am interested in you as a person and together I can help you work through the difficulties you are facing.
0141 280 2773 View 0141 280 2773
Photo of Fiona Mary MacAulay(MacRae) - Highland Trauma Services
Highland Trauma Services
Verified Verified
Inverness IV4
Waitlist for new clients
Deciding on the right therapist needs careful consideration. Welcome to evidence based approaches which get to the heart of the matter. I offer assessment and treatment which is based on up to date neuroscience to help reclaim your life. We now know that common signs of unprocessed past traumatic life events can present as depression, anxiety, panic, phobia, social anxiety and / or addiction . Please look up Highland Trauma Services to learn a little more about my clinical experience and qualifications in mental health.
Deciding on the right therapist needs careful consideration. Welcome to evidence based approaches which get to the heart of the matter. I offer assessment and treatment which is based on up to date neuroscience to help reclaim your life. We now know that common signs of unprocessed past traumatic life events can present as depression, anxiety, panic, phobia, social anxiety and / or addiction . Please look up Highland Trauma Services to learn a little more about my clinical experience and qualifications in mental health.
01456 494629 View 01456 494629
Photo of Tracy Sedgeworth, MBACP Accred, Psychotherapist
Tracy Sedgeworth
Psychotherapist, MBACP Accred
Verified Verified
Inverness IV1
Making the decision to see a therapist is a big step forward in dealing with what is troubling you and it can be difficult to know where to start. Finding the right therapist for you is an important first step. I aim to provide a comfortable and supportive environment, where we will work through whatever is troubling you at your own pace. You will be listened to, accepted and respected regardless of what you tell me. I will not tell you what to do, but will do my best to support you in working through any difficulties you may be experiencing and to give you the space to make the decisions that are right for you.
Making the decision to see a therapist is a big step forward in dealing with what is troubling you and it can be difficult to know where to start. Finding the right therapist for you is an important first step. I aim to provide a comfortable and supportive environment, where we will work through whatever is troubling you at your own pace. You will be listened to, accepted and respected regardless of what you tell me. I will not tell you what to do, but will do my best to support you in working through any difficulties you may be experiencing and to give you the space to make the decisions that are right for you.
01456 498698 View 01456 498698
Photo of Sam Southey, DCounsPsych, BPC, Counsellor
Sam Southey
Counsellor, DCounsPsych, BPC
Verified Verified
Inverness IV1
Waitlist for new clients
Lots of us face challenging situations at some stage in our lives, which can be difficult to manage. It's not always easy or appropriate to talk with family or friends and sometimes we worry that bringing something old and / or hidden up to the surface will cause more problems. I offer a confidential and non-judgemental space where we can work together to help you to develop insight and understanding by exploring how your present situation might be impacted by past experiences and people from your past and / or present.
Lots of us face challenging situations at some stage in our lives, which can be difficult to manage. It's not always easy or appropriate to talk with family or friends and sometimes we worry that bringing something old and / or hidden up to the surface will cause more problems. I offer a confidential and non-judgemental space where we can work together to help you to develop insight and understanding by exploring how your present situation might be impacted by past experiences and people from your past and / or present.
01470 229996 View 01470 229996
Photo of Susan Ahluwalia - Amber Path Counselling, MNCPS Acc., Counsellor
Amber Path Counselling
Counsellor, MNCPS Acc.
Verified Verified
Inverness IV3
Hi, my name is Susan. Do you struggle with anxiety, stress, intrusive thoughts, reliving the past, or anxiety about the future? Maybe you want to improve your confidence or find self-acceptance? I can support you to find a path to a new way of life. I provide confidential counselling on a face to face, video/online, telephone or email basis, tailored to your personal needs. Give me a call to arrange a free 30 minute telephone consultation to get a feel of whether we would work well together and ask me any questions you may have. I am based in Clachnaharry, Inverness.
Hi, my name is Susan. Do you struggle with anxiety, stress, intrusive thoughts, reliving the past, or anxiety about the future? Maybe you want to improve your confidence or find self-acceptance? I can support you to find a path to a new way of life. I provide confidential counselling on a face to face, video/online, telephone or email basis, tailored to your personal needs. Give me a call to arrange a free 30 minute telephone consultation to get a feel of whether we would work well together and ask me any questions you may have. I am based in Clachnaharry, Inverness.
01386 574255 View 01386 574255
Photo of Emma Mackay, MBACP, Counsellor
Emma Mackay
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
Portree IV51
Whatever the issues you’re facing right now, if they’re clouding your day-to-day life and you want change, we can work together. Even when things seem impossible or bleak, counselling conversations can help you feel better, reconnect with yourself and find hopeful ways forward. I offer a space and an opportunity to explore whatever is going on or holding you back from the life you want, giving you time to think through muddled thoughts and confusing feelings. Our conversations will help you identify and begin to meet your emotional needs and wants, freeing you to live your life more on your own terms.
Whatever the issues you’re facing right now, if they’re clouding your day-to-day life and you want change, we can work together. Even when things seem impossible or bleak, counselling conversations can help you feel better, reconnect with yourself and find hopeful ways forward. I offer a space and an opportunity to explore whatever is going on or holding you back from the life you want, giving you time to think through muddled thoughts and confusing feelings. Our conversations will help you identify and begin to meet your emotional needs and wants, freeing you to live your life more on your own terms.
01478 623254 View 01478 623254
Photo of Jen Keppie, MBACP, Counsellor
Jen Keppie
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
Inverness IV2
The reasons people come for counselling are many and varied. Equally, the benefits people experience are just as diverse. For some it might be increased personal insight and self-awareness, a greater sense of who you are and what you want. You may be dealing with a particular problem or experience and need a safe space to be able to explore what this means for you. Or you may be looking to bring changes to your relationships, decision making, lifestyle choices or personal growth. Whatever brings you to counselling I will be happy to explore with you how I might support you in finding a way forward that makes sense for you.
The reasons people come for counselling are many and varied. Equally, the benefits people experience are just as diverse. For some it might be increased personal insight and self-awareness, a greater sense of who you are and what you want. You may be dealing with a particular problem or experience and need a safe space to be able to explore what this means for you. Or you may be looking to bring changes to your relationships, decision making, lifestyle choices or personal growth. Whatever brings you to counselling I will be happy to explore with you how I might support you in finding a way forward that makes sense for you.
01555 700628 View 01555 700628
Photo of Catriona Bowie, MCOSCA, Counsellor
Catriona Bowie
Counsellor, MCOSCA
Verified Verified
Inverness IV1
There are countless reasons why someone might be looking for a counsellor. Everyone in the world is unique and as such their worries, concerns or issues are also unique. Since Covid the world has changed and as such your life might have too. As a Person Centred Counsellor my hope is to help you through whatever is not right for you and to be able to help you be the best you possible. I offer a safe, supportive, confidential and non-judgemental place for your counselling journey.
There are countless reasons why someone might be looking for a counsellor. Everyone in the world is unique and as such their worries, concerns or issues are also unique. Since Covid the world has changed and as such your life might have too. As a Person Centred Counsellor my hope is to help you through whatever is not right for you and to be able to help you be the best you possible. I offer a safe, supportive, confidential and non-judgemental place for your counselling journey.
01456 498719 View 01456 498719
Photo of Ann McPaul, HCPC - Clin. Psych., Psychologist
Ann McPaul
Psychologist, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Verified Verified
Inverness IV2
I am a clinical psychologist who works therapeutically with adolescents and adults (individuals and couples) from day to day difficulties to more severe difficulties. I also offer cognitive assessment to children, young people and adults (please contact me for more information). I continue to work in the NHS and in private practice. I have worked in psychology for over 17 years and I qualified as a clinical psychologist from the University of Edinburgh in 2014.
I am a clinical psychologist who works therapeutically with adolescents and adults (individuals and couples) from day to day difficulties to more severe difficulties. I also offer cognitive assessment to children, young people and adults (please contact me for more information). I continue to work in the NHS and in private practice. I have worked in psychology for over 17 years and I qualified as a clinical psychologist from the University of Edinburgh in 2014.
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Photo of Armrget Kaur - Psychosexual Therapy , MA, MUKCP, Psychotherapist
Psychosexual Therapy
Psychotherapist, MA, MUKCP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Inverness IV2  (Online Only)
I am an accredited therapist . And I offer sessions online . My work is with psychosexual and complusive sexual behaviours, My work is with Couples and indiviudals .I work with people who need mediation; divorcing couples; who are struggling with thier feelings, thoughst and behaviours in thier relationship because of trauma from thier kink, bdsm life style I work with survivors of sexual assult, sexual , physical , emotional and or finicial abuse; I have 30 years of work experince and am police checked. I work within a sex postive framework and I provide clinical supervision.
I am an accredited therapist . And I offer sessions online . My work is with psychosexual and complusive sexual behaviours, My work is with Couples and indiviudals .I work with people who need mediation; divorcing couples; who are struggling with thier feelings, thoughst and behaviours in thier relationship because of trauma from thier kink, bdsm life style I work with survivors of sexual assult, sexual , physical , emotional and or finicial abuse; I have 30 years of work experince and am police checked. I work within a sex postive framework and I provide clinical supervision.
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Photo of Alexandra Maclean, MA, MCOSCA, Counsellor
Alexandra Maclean
Counsellor, MA, MCOSCA
Verified Verified
Inverness IV2
I am an integrative counsellor and psychotherapist. This means I draw on different approaches depending on your needs; my training and experience include Person Centered, Psychodynamic Counselling and Cognitive Behavioural Therapy. I work with a range of clients including, children, young people and adults. I offer a non-judgmental space to help you to connect with and make sense of your deeper thoughts and emotions. We will work together to look through your past and present influences, unhelpful behavioural and thought patterns and make space for your future hopes and dreams, personal identity, self-esteem and confidence.
I am an integrative counsellor and psychotherapist. This means I draw on different approaches depending on your needs; my training and experience include Person Centered, Psychodynamic Counselling and Cognitive Behavioural Therapy. I work with a range of clients including, children, young people and adults. I offer a non-judgmental space to help you to connect with and make sense of your deeper thoughts and emotions. We will work together to look through your past and present influences, unhelpful behavioural and thought patterns and make space for your future hopes and dreams, personal identity, self-esteem and confidence.
01456 498678 View 01456 498678
Photo of Anja K Sanger, BACP, Psychotherapist
Anja K Sanger
Psychotherapist, BACP
Verified Verified
Isle of Harris HS3
My name is Katharina. In my work I am passionate about supporting adults and young people who are finding aspects of life troublesome and difficult. You may be experiencing times of anxiety, bereavement or low self esteem or you might be experiencing a range of difficulties (connected to work, family, relationships, sexual orientation) that you would like to talk about and wish to ‘untangle’ with some help. I offer short and longer-term work, which we would agree on in the initial and free 30 min consultation. This consultation and subsequent sessions can be online or over the phone, or face to face once regulations allow. .
My name is Katharina. In my work I am passionate about supporting adults and young people who are finding aspects of life troublesome and difficult. You may be experiencing times of anxiety, bereavement or low self esteem or you might be experiencing a range of difficulties (connected to work, family, relationships, sexual orientation) that you would like to talk about and wish to ‘untangle’ with some help. I offer short and longer-term work, which we would agree on in the initial and free 30 min consultation. This consultation and subsequent sessions can be online or over the phone, or face to face once regulations allow. .
01859 570922 View 01859 570922

See more therapy options for Isle of Lewis

How does your Counsellor compare?

Number of Counsellors in Isle of Lewis

< 10

Counsellors in Isle of Lewis who prioritize treating:

50% Relationship Issues
50% Depression
50% Anxiety
50% Addiction
50% Geriatric and Seniors
50% Bereavement
50% Trauma and PTSD

Average years in practice

13 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

100% Aetna
100% Other
100% Aviva

How Counsellors in Isle of Lewis see their clients

100% In Person and Online

Gender breakdown

100% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling

How can I find a therapist in Isle of Lewis?

Search for nearby therapists or counsellors by inputting your city, postcode, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postcode into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are members of the main professional associations, mainly the British Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy (BACP) and the UK Council for Psychotherapy (UKCP). Most Psychologists in the directory are accredited members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and/or are registered in the Health and Care Professions Council (HPCP).

Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given that professional memberships are not a statutory requirement for psychotherapists and counsellors in the UK, certain qualified professionals or organisations may choose not to maintain such memberships despite possessing the necessary qualifications. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?

Counsellors, psychotherapists and psychologists can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and experience that enable them to do so in the UK. Psychologists have earned a degree in psychology and many are members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and have completed a postgraduate qualification in a specialism. Counsellors and Psychotherapists are not required to have a psychology degree, but to belong to a professional organisation such as the BACP or UKCP, they are required to have completed a training course as well as clinical and supervision hours.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the UK could be between £30 - £60 when seeing a counsellor and £60 - £150 and up when seeing a clinical psychologist. If you have private insurance, your plan may cover some if not all of your sessions. You should contact your insurance provider to determine if they provide coverage for therapy sessions and to determine what, if any, requirements they might have in order for your sessions to be covered, such as a referral from your GP or medical specialist.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. The NHS Talking therapies programme offers free of charge counselling for common mental health problems like anxiety and depression. The service is available to anyone registered with a GP, though you do not necessarily need to be referred by your GP and can refer yourself directly to a Talking therapies service. The service will provide different solutions, including group and individual therapy, for a limited number of sessions which are generally up to six.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postcode.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Therapists who are part of a professional organisation such as the BACP, the UKCP, or BPS are bound by an ethical framework that requires them to uphold a confidentiality agreement. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there has been participation in a criminal act or act of terror, or if there is potential or known harm to the client or others, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.