Counselling in Isle of Arran
![Photo of Isobel Milne, MNCPS Acc., Counsellor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/c176a171-220c-4080-b97e-ad7e2544a168/3/320x400.jpeg)
As an integrative counsellor I take a flexible approach to your therapy needs; be they goal-led, strategic, meditative, creative - or all of these. I work one-to-one and with small groups - at your home, work or social setting - and by telephone.
As an integrative counsellor I take a flexible approach to your therapy needs; be they goal-led, strategic, meditative, creative - or all of these. I work one-to-one and with small groups - at your home, work or social setting - and by telephone.
Online Therapists
![Photo of Emma M McArthur, MBACP, Psychotherapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/a91757d0-1a92-4259-8e82-b83059530f79/17/320x400.jpeg)
Creating a space for personal growth in therapy begins with the development of a safe therapeutic relationship. My approach offers a safe, confidential, and non-judgmental active listening space where you can take time to explore your experience. This allows us to work together to define areas that may require our attention first and to check in on how you are experiencing your internal and external environment. Doing this helps to form a clearer picture of environmental, emotional, physical, cognitive, and behavioural events in your experience and how you currently manage and respond to them.
Creating a space for personal growth in therapy begins with the development of a safe therapeutic relationship. My approach offers a safe, confidential, and non-judgmental active listening space where you can take time to explore your experience. This allows us to work together to define areas that may require our attention first and to check in on how you are experiencing your internal and external environment. Doing this helps to form a clearer picture of environmental, emotional, physical, cognitive, and behavioural events in your experience and how you currently manage and respond to them.
![Photo of Stephanie Saunders, MA, MBACP, Counsellor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/4c6097f4-46cd-11ea-a6ad-06142c356176/3/320x400.jpeg)
I am an Edinburgh based Sex and relationship counsellor working full time in private practice with individuals & couples. My practice is based in central Edinburgh however I am currently working online. I specialise in explorative & action based proactive talk therapy aimed at helping you achieve the changes you would like to make in your life & to help you gain clarity & understanding to the life experiences you would like to work with.
I am an Edinburgh based Sex and relationship counsellor working full time in private practice with individuals & couples. My practice is based in central Edinburgh however I am currently working online. I specialise in explorative & action based proactive talk therapy aimed at helping you achieve the changes you would like to make in your life & to help you gain clarity & understanding to the life experiences you would like to work with.
![Photo of Rebecca Newport, MBACP, Counsellor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/c6e9fb81-d461-4c4b-a9e7-68145101883b/2/320x400.jpeg)
I am a fully qualified integrative counsellor. I work from a humanistic core, which means that I keep you at the centre of our work. However, I do not believe that therapy is a one-size-fits-all process. We are all unique, and different therapeutic approaches may feel more akin to you than others. Being an integrative therapist means that I can draw on a number of approaches and skills in our work together. These are integrated seamlessly, allowing us to work in a way that feels right for you. I have experience working with many different problems, with a particular interest in fertility-related issues and childhood sexual abuse.
I am a fully qualified integrative counsellor. I work from a humanistic core, which means that I keep you at the centre of our work. However, I do not believe that therapy is a one-size-fits-all process. We are all unique, and different therapeutic approaches may feel more akin to you than others. Being an integrative therapist means that I can draw on a number of approaches and skills in our work together. These are integrated seamlessly, allowing us to work in a way that feels right for you. I have experience working with many different problems, with a particular interest in fertility-related issues and childhood sexual abuse.
![Photo of Jill Spyra, MSc, MBACP, Psychotherapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/eb18647e-0b17-4750-a179-ff70709e4e6f/3/320x400.jpeg)
Starting therapy takes courage and I am here to support you through the process. Together, we'll create a safe and welcoming space where you can explore your thoughts and emotions without judgment. Every person's story is unique, and I'm here to honour and understand yours. I believe in a collaborative and client-centred approach. Your goals, values, and pace guide our work together and we'll work as a team to foster positive change in your life. Examples of issues that clients commonly bring to me are: depression, anxiety, stress, trauma, post-traumatic stress, abuse, coping with grief and loss, self-harm and relationship issues.
Starting therapy takes courage and I am here to support you through the process. Together, we'll create a safe and welcoming space where you can explore your thoughts and emotions without judgment. Every person's story is unique, and I'm here to honour and understand yours. I believe in a collaborative and client-centred approach. Your goals, values, and pace guide our work together and we'll work as a team to foster positive change in your life. Examples of issues that clients commonly bring to me are: depression, anxiety, stress, trauma, post-traumatic stress, abuse, coping with grief and loss, self-harm and relationship issues.
![Photo of Laura L Mackintosh, DCounsPsych, BACP, Counsellor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/4ce8f9f5-6ea9-4a85-b269-5b029f9c1bf7/2/320x400.jpeg)
Being human can be complicated, there are times we all struggle to make sense of how we’re living. Sometimes nothing seems to bring us any sense of joy, meaning or simply contentment anymore. Talking to a counsellor might seem intimidating or downright terrifying but it’s honestly true that talking can make a huge difference and help make those negative or even desperate times easier to manage. I will provide you with a safe, non-judgemental space in which you can share any problems or troubling thoughts you might have. Together we will work through these in order that you can find resolution and happiness in your life.
Being human can be complicated, there are times we all struggle to make sense of how we’re living. Sometimes nothing seems to bring us any sense of joy, meaning or simply contentment anymore. Talking to a counsellor might seem intimidating or downright terrifying but it’s honestly true that talking can make a huge difference and help make those negative or even desperate times easier to manage. I will provide you with a safe, non-judgemental space in which you can share any problems or troubling thoughts you might have. Together we will work through these in order that you can find resolution and happiness in your life.
![Photo of Andrew Perry, CPsychol, Psychologist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/02065d53-dc6f-4f01-9da6-0833a9d43739/2/320x400.jpeg)
Hello, my name is Andrew Perry. I believe we can help each other. I specialise in helping by example. I offer free resources on my website, clinical supervision, outdoor therapy, an online therapeutic group and free initial online sixty minute consultations. It's ordinary to have times when we feel less healthy than others. Maybe you have experienced receiving help to feel healthier. People helped to rediscover the bravery to change their experience. People like us. I think everyone deserves help to feel healthier.
Hello, my name is Andrew Perry. I believe we can help each other. I specialise in helping by example. I offer free resources on my website, clinical supervision, outdoor therapy, an online therapeutic group and free initial online sixty minute consultations. It's ordinary to have times when we feel less healthy than others. Maybe you have experienced receiving help to feel healthier. People helped to rediscover the bravery to change their experience. People like us. I think everyone deserves help to feel healthier.
![Photo of Robert Prentice (Woodcraft Therapy), MBACP, Counsellor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/82a20d92-fdb9-4b22-978d-f7e43d3558f0/1/320x400.jpeg)
Life can be stressful and busy and at times we can lose focus on ourselves and what is important. I offer a confidential safe space to discuss and support working through these concerns. I use a person-centred approach to support my clients to look at the areas of their lives they choose to. I offer guidance and insight where needed to help my clients navigate these difficult times.
Life can be stressful and busy and at times we can lose focus on ourselves and what is important. I offer a confidential safe space to discuss and support working through these concerns. I use a person-centred approach to support my clients to look at the areas of their lives they choose to. I offer guidance and insight where needed to help my clients navigate these difficult times.
![Photo of Kirstie Allan - Kirstie Allan - SeeSpace Therapy, MSc, MNCPS Acc., Counsellor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/9834d384-53f5-4875-8fc9-ce882bc94d1b/2/320x400.jpeg)
Welcome to SeeSpace, a safe, nurturing, person-centred counselling space which is built on the very human - but too often elusive - principles of empathy, compassion and inner wisdom. Here you will be met without judgement or expectation, and supported to explore, share, heal and grow as we begin to understand more about the experiences and relationships which have led you here and the complex challenges, relational patterns and survival strategies you have faced and employed along the way. Together we will work in service to softening the story you bring by creating space for deeper self-awareness, insight and self-compassion.
Welcome to SeeSpace, a safe, nurturing, person-centred counselling space which is built on the very human - but too often elusive - principles of empathy, compassion and inner wisdom. Here you will be met without judgement or expectation, and supported to explore, share, heal and grow as we begin to understand more about the experiences and relationships which have led you here and the complex challenges, relational patterns and survival strategies you have faced and employed along the way. Together we will work in service to softening the story you bring by creating space for deeper self-awareness, insight and self-compassion.
![Photo of Collette Duffin, MNCPS Acc., Counsellor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/3a2298a8-8356-42d9-8f8e-8b9ebfce3e7a/2/320x400.jpeg)
I am a Counselling therapist based in Mid Ulster with 5 years experience in private practice and many years work within a GP Practice & Personal development field. Are you feeling stuck, lost, wanting things to change, improve your relationships? It is my passion, to guide clients through their current obstacles in life and facilitate them in their Personal Growth. Equipping you with all the awareness and resources needed to move forward in life, managing the ups and downs that life can randomly present to us and allowing you to evolve into the you and life that you desire to live are just a few of the many things I can do for you.
I am a Counselling therapist based in Mid Ulster with 5 years experience in private practice and many years work within a GP Practice & Personal development field. Are you feeling stuck, lost, wanting things to change, improve your relationships? It is my passion, to guide clients through their current obstacles in life and facilitate them in their Personal Growth. Equipping you with all the awareness and resources needed to move forward in life, managing the ups and downs that life can randomly present to us and allowing you to evolve into the you and life that you desire to live are just a few of the many things I can do for you.
![Photo of Elane Campbell, BACP, Psychotherapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/51a91246-bf81-41b3-bfc2-176b7fed3258/2/320x400.jpeg)
About Me My Approach. I Specalise in anxiety, depression, work related issues, addiction, and self-development for all age groups. I provide a warm, safe and private environment where you will be allowed the space and time to present your specific concerns or issues in a non-judgemental way. Where you are encouraged to speak openly and engage in your own therapy process. Where I will actively listen and work with you at a depth and pace that is right for you. Tailoring and adapting each session for you as well as guiding and supporting you through the process. Providing and designing specialist therapeutic material to build upon yo
About Me My Approach. I Specalise in anxiety, depression, work related issues, addiction, and self-development for all age groups. I provide a warm, safe and private environment where you will be allowed the space and time to present your specific concerns or issues in a non-judgemental way. Where you are encouraged to speak openly and engage in your own therapy process. Where I will actively listen and work with you at a depth and pace that is right for you. Tailoring and adapting each session for you as well as guiding and supporting you through the process. Providing and designing specialist therapeutic material to build upon yo
![Photo of Rebekah Glassford, MSc, GMBPsS, Counsellor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/f2a5e532-57ed-48ad-83ff-0fb3444190a8/1/320x400.jpeg)
My experience enables me to offer care that is individualised to your needs and my focus is to listen and help you heal and achieve your goals. We do this together by providing a neutral safe space, listening to your concerns and creating a treatment plan that works for you. I will be there for you during every step of your journey. My goal is to help you grow from your struggles, heal from your pain, and move forward to where you want to be in your life.
My experience enables me to offer care that is individualised to your needs and my focus is to listen and help you heal and achieve your goals. We do this together by providing a neutral safe space, listening to your concerns and creating a treatment plan that works for you. I will be there for you during every step of your journey. My goal is to help you grow from your struggles, heal from your pain, and move forward to where you want to be in your life.
![Photo of Isabel Crozier, BACP, Psychotherapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/b63267de-afee-477e-9eee-af63a23bb3f1/1/320x400.jpeg)
I have always been profoundly curious about others and aim to foster that curiosity in my clients. I am interested in the ways that our families, culture and environment shape us and in the ways in which people create meaning in their lives. I have found again and again that psychotherapy can help people understand themselves more deeply and bring about changes which lead to more fulfilled and interesting ways of living, as well as to an improved understanding of themselves in relationship with others. I am able to work on both a short and long term basis, with a preference for longer term work.
I have always been profoundly curious about others and aim to foster that curiosity in my clients. I am interested in the ways that our families, culture and environment shape us and in the ways in which people create meaning in their lives. I have found again and again that psychotherapy can help people understand themselves more deeply and bring about changes which lead to more fulfilled and interesting ways of living, as well as to an improved understanding of themselves in relationship with others. I am able to work on both a short and long term basis, with a preference for longer term work.
![Photo of Fiona Masson - Fiona Masson - Anxiety Specialist, CBT, SFBT , MSc, MBACP, Psychotherapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/49b04a2f-9134-45fa-bad9-227df25a1fd6/2/320x400.jpeg)
Fiona Masson - Anxiety Specialist, CBT, SFBT
Psychotherapist, MSc, MBACP
Verified Verified
Edinburgh EH6 (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
My clients range from those experiencing low level worry and anxiety to more debilitating feelings of panic and fear (including panic attacks). I provide a blended approach of CBT and Solution Focused Therapy and will teach you the best tools and strategies to get you through this difficult time and out the other side. I also include a Coaching element, as good therapy is not just about moving away from problems, it is also about building a better future. Let's face it - life is too short to waste it lying awake at 3am worrying! It's time to take action.
My clients range from those experiencing low level worry and anxiety to more debilitating feelings of panic and fear (including panic attacks). I provide a blended approach of CBT and Solution Focused Therapy and will teach you the best tools and strategies to get you through this difficult time and out the other side. I also include a Coaching element, as good therapy is not just about moving away from problems, it is also about building a better future. Let's face it - life is too short to waste it lying awake at 3am worrying! It's time to take action.
![Photo of Grace Lindsay, MBACP, Counsellor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/fc47f2f0-85d1-43d8-b168-5926eac3c2f5/2/320x400.jpeg)
My name is Grace and I am passionate about the impact which counselling can have. I feel privileged to be able to work alongside people throughout their counselling journey, and to be entrusted with their stories. I offer an integrative counselling service for both adults and young people. I welcome enquiries for a compassionate and flexible approach, to best support you.
My name is Grace and I am passionate about the impact which counselling can have. I feel privileged to be able to work alongside people throughout their counselling journey, and to be entrusted with their stories. I offer an integrative counselling service for both adults and young people. I welcome enquiries for a compassionate and flexible approach, to best support you.
![Photo of Jade Corral, MBABCP, Psychotherapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/d54acb95-3577-4ff1-937d-a638c2c0949b/1/320x400.jpeg)
It's ok to need a little support from time to time to help navigate life's challenges. We can get overwhelmed and things can seem tough to manage, perhaps even things that used to be manageable. We can get so bogged down it's hard to know where to even start. Do you ever feel low or anxious? Worry you are not good enough? We all experience these thoughts and feelings at some point, but you might have noticed a greater impact on your work/studies, relationships and this stops you from living the life you want.
It's ok to need a little support from time to time to help navigate life's challenges. We can get overwhelmed and things can seem tough to manage, perhaps even things that used to be manageable. We can get so bogged down it's hard to know where to even start. Do you ever feel low or anxious? Worry you are not good enough? We all experience these thoughts and feelings at some point, but you might have noticed a greater impact on your work/studies, relationships and this stops you from living the life you want.
![Photo of Natalia Jane Hodgers, MBACP, Counsellor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/47cb0554-46cd-11ea-a6ad-06142c356176/2/320x400.jpeg)
I am a caring, compassionate & experienced counsellor living and working just off the M1 at Lisburn. I am focused on helping you change negative thoughts & behaviours that may be holding you back from fulfilling your full potential. I work hard in helping you to work through issues in your relationships with an open and helpful approach. Using techniques & strategies to move you forward with the stresses and strains we all face from time to time. I have a warm & welcoming disposition that will help to put you at your ease. Please feel free to contact me anytime.
I am a caring, compassionate & experienced counsellor living and working just off the M1 at Lisburn. I am focused on helping you change negative thoughts & behaviours that may be holding you back from fulfilling your full potential. I work hard in helping you to work through issues in your relationships with an open and helpful approach. Using techniques & strategies to move you forward with the stresses and strains we all face from time to time. I have a warm & welcoming disposition that will help to put you at your ease. Please feel free to contact me anytime.
![Photo of Catherine Russell - Counselling With Cath , Counsellor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/0beab8e1-003c-4f53-81b0-e9635dc74586/1/320x400.jpeg)
Firstly, I would like to say well done for taking the first step in looking for support. There are very few places/people in life who can offer a safe and confidential space for you talk openly about your difficulties. My name is Catherine and I am a qualified Cognitive Behavioural Therapist (CBT) and I can offer you this space. Every counselling session will be met with empathy, compassion and understanding. I know life's not easy, so together, lets start the journey towards a happier and healthier you!
Firstly, I would like to say well done for taking the first step in looking for support. There are very few places/people in life who can offer a safe and confidential space for you talk openly about your difficulties. My name is Catherine and I am a qualified Cognitive Behavioural Therapist (CBT) and I can offer you this space. Every counselling session will be met with empathy, compassion and understanding. I know life's not easy, so together, lets start the journey towards a happier and healthier you!
![Photo of Victoria Gillingham, DCounsPsych, MCOSCA, Counsellor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/460acc83-f6c3-45b3-9195-f78baf8bdbd2/2/320x400.jpeg)
Having worked in the field of mental health for over 27 years, I have a deep understanding of the challenges people are faced with on a daily basis. How we experience these challenges can become overwhelming and we can feel alone, helpless and disconnected. There may be times when it's useful to seek help outside of your current circle of support by talking with a counsellor and I can help you find new ways to explore and manage the difficulties you are experiencing. I work with individuals & couples to offer short-term counselling to address immediate concerns, and long term counselling to address complex issues.
Having worked in the field of mental health for over 27 years, I have a deep understanding of the challenges people are faced with on a daily basis. How we experience these challenges can become overwhelming and we can feel alone, helpless and disconnected. There may be times when it's useful to seek help outside of your current circle of support by talking with a counsellor and I can help you find new ways to explore and manage the difficulties you are experiencing. I work with individuals & couples to offer short-term counselling to address immediate concerns, and long term counselling to address complex issues.
![Photo of Dennis Uttridge, UKCP Trainee, Counsellor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/64b4b136-e56b-4421-8905-1adcae7134b6/1/320x400.png)
Hello and welcome. As a trainee, studying Relationally Centred Psychotherapeutic Counselling, I am passionate about helping individuals achieve a sense of relational depth in their lives. I believe that everyone has the capacity to connect deeply with others, and that this connection is essential to our emotional wellbeing and personal growth. Through my training my approach is rooted in a deep respect for the unique experiences and perspectives of each individual. I strive to create a safe and non-judgmental space where you can feel free to explore your thoughts, feelings, and emotions.
Hello and welcome. As a trainee, studying Relationally Centred Psychotherapeutic Counselling, I am passionate about helping individuals achieve a sense of relational depth in their lives. I believe that everyone has the capacity to connect deeply with others, and that this connection is essential to our emotional wellbeing and personal growth. Through my training my approach is rooted in a deep respect for the unique experiences and perspectives of each individual. I strive to create a safe and non-judgmental space where you can feel free to explore your thoughts, feelings, and emotions.
Nearby Searches for Isle of Arran
- Ayr
- Greenock
- Irvine
- Johnstone
- Kilmarnock
- Largs
- Lochgilphead
- Newton Mearns
- Paisley
- Prestwick
- Troon
- West Kilbride
How does your Counsellor compare?
Number of Counsellors in Isle of Arran
< 10
Counsellors in Isle of Arran who prioritize treating:
100% | Relationship Issues |
100% | Depression |
100% | Anxiety |
100% | Child |
100% | Chronic Pain |
100% | Domestic Abuse |
100% | Life Coaching |
Average years in practice
8 Years
Gender breakdown
100% | Female |
How Counsellors in Isle of Arran see their clients
100% | In Person and Online |
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling
How can I find a therapist in Isle of Arran?
Search for nearby therapists or counsellors by inputting your city, postcode, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postcode into the search bar.
Learn more about how to find a therapist
Learn more about how to find a therapist
Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?
Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are members of the main professional associations, mainly the British Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy (BACP) and the UK Council for Psychotherapy (UKCP). Most Psychologists in the directory are accredited members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and/or are registered in the Health and Care Professions Council (HPCP).
Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given that professional memberships are not a statutory requirement for psychotherapists and counsellors in the UK, certain qualified professionals or organisations may choose not to maintain such memberships despite possessing the necessary qualifications. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.
Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given that professional memberships are not a statutory requirement for psychotherapists and counsellors in the UK, certain qualified professionals or organisations may choose not to maintain such memberships despite possessing the necessary qualifications. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.
What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?
Counsellors, psychotherapists and psychologists can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and experience that enable them to do so in the UK. Psychologists have earned a degree in psychology and many are members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and have completed a postgraduate qualification in a specialism. Counsellors and Psychotherapists are not required to have a psychology degree, but to belong to a professional organisation such as the BACP or UKCP, they are required to have completed a training course as well as clinical and supervision hours.
What type of therapy is right for me?
The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.
How much does therapy cost?
The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the UK could be between £30 - £60 when seeing a counsellor and £60 - £150 and up when seeing a clinical psychologist. If you have private insurance, your plan may cover some if not all of your sessions. You should contact your insurance provider to determine if they provide coverage for therapy sessions and to determine what, if any, requirements they might have in order for your sessions to be covered, such as a referral from your GP or medical specialist.
What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?
Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.
If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. The NHS Talking therapies programme offers free of charge counselling for common mental health problems like anxiety and depression. The service is available to anyone registered with a GP, though you do not necessarily need to be referred by your GP and can refer yourself directly to a Talking therapies service. The service will provide different solutions, including group and individual therapy, for a limited number of sessions which are generally up to six.
If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. The NHS Talking therapies programme offers free of charge counselling for common mental health problems like anxiety and depression. The service is available to anyone registered with a GP, though you do not necessarily need to be referred by your GP and can refer yourself directly to a Talking therapies service. The service will provide different solutions, including group and individual therapy, for a limited number of sessions which are generally up to six.
Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?
Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.
Is online therapy a good option?
Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postcode.
Are therapy sessions confidential?
Therapists who are part of a professional organisation such as the BACP, the UKCP, or BPS are bound by an ethical framework that requires them to uphold a confidentiality agreement. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there has been participation in a criminal act or act of terror, or if there is potential or known harm to the client or others, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.