Counselling in Dumfries

Photo of Linda Mclachlan, DCounsPsych, MCOSCA, Counsellor
Linda Mclachlan
Counsellor, DCounsPsych, MCOSCA
Verified Verified
Dumfries DG1
Here, you can work on whatever issues may be troubling you from anxiety and depression, to relationship problems, trauma, low self-esteem, and more. I offer highly-focused brief counselling or long-term psychotherapy, as required. I am able to provide sessions to adults and young people. I am a trained relationship counsellor and have vast experience of working with children, young people and the LGBTQ community.
Here, you can work on whatever issues may be troubling you from anxiety and depression, to relationship problems, trauma, low self-esteem, and more. I offer highly-focused brief counselling or long-term psychotherapy, as required. I am able to provide sessions to adults and young people. I am a trained relationship counsellor and have vast experience of working with children, young people and the LGBTQ community.
01387 402008 View 01387 402008
Photo of Lindsay Thomson - Lindsay Thomson CBT - Trauma, Anxiety & Menopause, MBABCP, Psychotherapist
Lindsay Thomson CBT - Trauma, Anxiety & Menopause
Psychotherapist, MBABCP
Verified Verified
Dumfries DG1
Do you struggle with overthinking and feel as if you can't switch your mind off? Do you experience anxiety and low mood, wondering where these feelings come from and how to stop them so you can move forward with your life? Maybe you feel lost, lonely, or stuck, facing one daunting challenge after another. It's normal to struggle at times, and it's okay to seek help. I'm here to listen and help you navigate these difficulties. My mission is to align with your values and assist you in building a better life, fostering hope and providing strategies and equipping you with the tools to empower you through life's ongoing journey.
Do you struggle with overthinking and feel as if you can't switch your mind off? Do you experience anxiety and low mood, wondering where these feelings come from and how to stop them so you can move forward with your life? Maybe you feel lost, lonely, or stuck, facing one daunting challenge after another. It's normal to struggle at times, and it's okay to seek help. I'm here to listen and help you navigate these difficulties. My mission is to align with your values and assist you in building a better life, fostering hope and providing strategies and equipping you with the tools to empower you through life's ongoing journey.
01387 214350 View 01387 214350
Photo of Roxanna Linh-McCormack - McLinh Counselling and Psychotherapy , MBACP, Counsellor
McLinh Counselling and Psychotherapy
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Dumfries DG1
My name is Roxy Linh-McCormack, I am a qualified Pluralistic Counsellor and Psychotherapist working with adults (18+) face to face in Dumfries and Online. You're possibly considering making some changes in your life or looking for some support to address difficulties that are holding you back. You may be experiencing low self-esteem, having difficulty managing emotions or feeling dissatisfied in your relationships. You might be struggling following one or multiple traumatic experiences or having difficulty coping with life or the loss/death of someone.
My name is Roxy Linh-McCormack, I am a qualified Pluralistic Counsellor and Psychotherapist working with adults (18+) face to face in Dumfries and Online. You're possibly considering making some changes in your life or looking for some support to address difficulties that are holding you back. You may be experiencing low self-esteem, having difficulty managing emotions or feeling dissatisfied in your relationships. You might be struggling following one or multiple traumatic experiences or having difficulty coping with life or the loss/death of someone.
01387 213716 View 01387 213716
Photo of Dr Roshini Prince-Navaratnam, DCounsPsych, HCPC - Couns. Psych., Psychologist
Dr Roshini Prince-Navaratnam
Psychologist, DCounsPsych, HCPC - Couns. Psych.
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Dumfries DG2  (Online Only)
Hello, my name is Rosh, I’m a qualified Counselling Psychologist working in the NHS and private practice. I am passionate about helping people live well within their current circumstances or helping them to promote change in their life if that is their goal. There are a variety of matters that may encourage you to reach out. Maybe you’re struggling with low mood or anxiety? Maybe there are difficulties within your relationships, you’re feeling lost or hopeless, or struggling with pain? I offer a safe and non judgemental space and am keen to explore how I might best be able to support you.
Hello, my name is Rosh, I’m a qualified Counselling Psychologist working in the NHS and private practice. I am passionate about helping people live well within their current circumstances or helping them to promote change in their life if that is their goal. There are a variety of matters that may encourage you to reach out. Maybe you’re struggling with low mood or anxiety? Maybe there are difficulties within your relationships, you’re feeling lost or hopeless, or struggling with pain? I offer a safe and non judgemental space and am keen to explore how I might best be able to support you.
01538 710729 View 01538 710729
Photo of Shirlae Carruthers, MBACP Accred, Counsellor
Shirlae Carruthers
Counsellor, MBACP Accred
Verified Verified
Dumfries DG1
I can help you with a wide range of issues including anxiety, depression, loss and bereavement, stress, suicidal thoughts and relationship issues. I am a passionate believer in the 'Person Centred Approach' and the positive effect this type of counselling can have on a person. Having a safe space to talk about yourself and your life, where no judgement is made, will enable you to find your way back to a more positive way of being.
I can help you with a wide range of issues including anxiety, depression, loss and bereavement, stress, suicidal thoughts and relationship issues. I am a passionate believer in the 'Person Centred Approach' and the positive effect this type of counselling can have on a person. Having a safe space to talk about yourself and your life, where no judgement is made, will enable you to find your way back to a more positive way of being.
0131 357 6295 View 0131 357 6295
Photo of Laura Reside-Robb, MBACP Accred, Psychotherapist
Laura Reside-Robb
Psychotherapist, MBACP Accred
Verified Verified
Dumfries DG1
Hello, and thanks for visiting. I'm Laura and I'm trained as an Integrative Psychotherapist. I'm a firm believer that each person is uniquely individual, and any therapeutic help they receive should be tailored to them, and their needs.​ Being Integrative means I'm not set on one school of thought, and work with you to find what approach fits best for you. You're in control of the sessions, you can bring whatever issues you'd like to discuss, , we go at a pace you're comfortable with. We'll look at working together to set realistic goals, based on what you'd like to achieve.
Hello, and thanks for visiting. I'm Laura and I'm trained as an Integrative Psychotherapist. I'm a firm believer that each person is uniquely individual, and any therapeutic help they receive should be tailored to them, and their needs.​ Being Integrative means I'm not set on one school of thought, and work with you to find what approach fits best for you. You're in control of the sessions, you can bring whatever issues you'd like to discuss, , we go at a pace you're comfortable with. We'll look at working together to set realistic goals, based on what you'd like to achieve.
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Photo of Simon Hunt, MBACP, Psychotherapist
Simon Hunt
Psychotherapist, MBACP
Verified Verified
Dumfries DG1
When life gets tough it can be so hard to know just what to do to put things right. Feelings of anxiety, depression, anger, difficulties within our relationships - these things are not always easy to change on our own, especially for the longer-term. I understand that. As a professional Counsellor and Psychotherapist I believe that counselling can help you to make sense of things. It can make a real difference to how you feel, how you act, and is a big step forward. Counselling is there for you, no matter what the problem. Simply put, it is a practical way to make your life better.
When life gets tough it can be so hard to know just what to do to put things right. Feelings of anxiety, depression, anger, difficulties within our relationships - these things are not always easy to change on our own, especially for the longer-term. I understand that. As a professional Counsellor and Psychotherapist I believe that counselling can help you to make sense of things. It can make a real difference to how you feel, how you act, and is a big step forward. Counselling is there for you, no matter what the problem. Simply put, it is a practical way to make your life better.
01659 490390 View 01659 490390
Photo of Sarah Watson, MBACP, Psychotherapist
Sarah Watson
Psychotherapist, MBACP
Verified Verified
Dumfries DG2
As an Accredited Play and Creative Arts Therapist and teenage counsellor with experience as a children and families social worker previously, I recognise that many young people experience the stresses of life in different ways and that sometimes events and subsequent feelings may become overwhelming and cause anxiety or a sense of isolation. This can then have a knock on effect to other aspects of life such as relationships, engagement with school work and own sense of identity and self worth. I understand their need for a sense of respite and an opportunity to explore experiences or confusions in a safe and non-judgmental place.
As an Accredited Play and Creative Arts Therapist and teenage counsellor with experience as a children and families social worker previously, I recognise that many young people experience the stresses of life in different ways and that sometimes events and subsequent feelings may become overwhelming and cause anxiety or a sense of isolation. This can then have a knock on effect to other aspects of life such as relationships, engagement with school work and own sense of identity and self worth. I understand their need for a sense of respite and an opportunity to explore experiences or confusions in a safe and non-judgmental place.
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Photo of Gillian Stanyard, MBACP, Psychotherapist
Gillian Stanyard
Psychotherapist, MBACP
Verified Verified
Dumfries DG2  (Online Only)
Psychotherapy is a powerful and proven intervention, when life feels unbearably difficult. We will work collaboratively, so you become aware of patterns in your life and feel empowered to discover and recover your true self and make changes to improve your life. I have worked in the field of mental health and personal development for almost 20 years, including clinical practice in the NHS and leadership development. As a result, I am a highly trained and successful Psychotherapist. Good and effective therapy comes from within a safe, trusting, empathic and truthful relationship. This is what I offer to you.
Psychotherapy is a powerful and proven intervention, when life feels unbearably difficult. We will work collaboratively, so you become aware of patterns in your life and feel empowered to discover and recover your true self and make changes to improve your life. I have worked in the field of mental health and personal development for almost 20 years, including clinical practice in the NHS and leadership development. As a result, I am a highly trained and successful Psychotherapist. Good and effective therapy comes from within a safe, trusting, empathic and truthful relationship. This is what I offer to you.
07427 522094 View 07427 522094
Photo of Ellis Reddick, MSc, MBABCP, Counsellor
Ellis Reddick
Counsellor, MSc, MBABCP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Dumfries DG1  (Online Only)
I'm an integrative CBT therapist based in Glasgow. I specialise in helping people with anxiety, depression, low self-esteem, and relationship issues. My gentle and non-judgmental approach creates a safe environment for self-exploration.
I'm an integrative CBT therapist based in Glasgow. I specialise in helping people with anxiety, depression, low self-esteem, and relationship issues. My gentle and non-judgmental approach creates a safe environment for self-exploration.
0141 673 1657 View 0141 673 1657
Connected Health and Wellbeing
Psychotherapist, MSc, MBACP Accred
Verified Verified
Dumfries DG1
Connected Health and Wellbeing is a network of accredited and experienced psychologists, psychotherapists, counsellors and trainers. The directors Colin and Anne are well qualified experienced psychotherapists, clinical supervisors and trainers. First contact is with Colin or Anne who will arrange to work with you or identify who in the network is has the knowledge and expertise to meet your therapeutic or training needs.
Connected Health and Wellbeing is a network of accredited and experienced psychologists, psychotherapists, counsellors and trainers. The directors Colin and Anne are well qualified experienced psychotherapists, clinical supervisors and trainers. First contact is with Colin or Anne who will arrange to work with you or identify who in the network is has the knowledge and expertise to meet your therapeutic or training needs.
0141 280 3907 View 0141 280 3907
Photo of Jacquie Dohrn - Jacquie Dorn, MBACP Accred, Counsellor
Jacquie Dorn
Counsellor, MBACP Accred
Verified Verified
Dumfries DG1
I know from experience that everyone has the ability to bring about positive change in their lives. We can all learn, heal, and grow. I have been in private practice since 2006, working with private clients as well as with professional referrals. During this time I have amassed well over 14,000 sessions with clients (my sessions last a full 60 minutes). . I mostly work online but do have limited spaces available for face to face (with COVID precautions in place)
I know from experience that everyone has the ability to bring about positive change in their lives. We can all learn, heal, and grow. I have been in private practice since 2006, working with private clients as well as with professional referrals. During this time I have amassed well over 14,000 sessions with clients (my sessions last a full 60 minutes). . I mostly work online but do have limited spaces available for face to face (with COVID precautions in place)
01988 610600 View 01988 610600

Online Therapists

Photo of Ela Lourenco, MA, MBACP, Counsellor
Ela Lourenco
Counsellor, MA, MBACP
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Edinburgh EH3
Are you struggling with moments of anxiety or going through a hard time you cannot seem to shake off? Are you feeling overwhelmed, anxious or numb? Life can be challenging at times, as though nothing will feel right again. Sometimes, it can feel as though life 'should feel good' and you cannot understand why you feel so low. It can feel isolating and lonely to not be able to express to your family and friends how you feel - perhaps this has made you feel 'invisible'. Or others' needs have come first for so long that you no longer are in touch with what you need for yourself and find it hard to truly feel connected with others.
Are you struggling with moments of anxiety or going through a hard time you cannot seem to shake off? Are you feeling overwhelmed, anxious or numb? Life can be challenging at times, as though nothing will feel right again. Sometimes, it can feel as though life 'should feel good' and you cannot understand why you feel so low. It can feel isolating and lonely to not be able to express to your family and friends how you feel - perhaps this has made you feel 'invisible'. Or others' needs have come first for so long that you no longer are in touch with what you need for yourself and find it hard to truly feel connected with others.
0131 381 4853 View 0131 381 4853
Photo of Claire Thompson - Creative Therapies-Claire Thompson, MSc, HCPC-Art Therap., Psychotherapist
Creative Therapies-Claire Thompson
Psychotherapist, MSc, HCPC-Art Therap.
Verified Verified
Newtownabbey BT36
Hi, my name is Claire, an Art Psychotherapist and Counsellor, I have worked in suicide prevention and self-harm as well as in primary and post-primary schools alongside my private practice. I am currently completing an interdisciplinary PhD study exploring intergenerational conflict-related trauma in Northern Ireland. I am keenly interested in community art therapy, participation and its part in building local resilience.
Hi, my name is Claire, an Art Psychotherapist and Counsellor, I have worked in suicide prevention and self-harm as well as in primary and post-primary schools alongside my private practice. I am currently completing an interdisciplinary PhD study exploring intergenerational conflict-related trauma in Northern Ireland. I am keenly interested in community art therapy, participation and its part in building local resilience.
028 9692 8222 View 028 9692 8222
Photo of Samantha Chapman-Allen, MBACP, Psychotherapist
Samantha Chapman-Allen
Psychotherapist, MBACP
Verified Verified
Auchterarder PH4  (Online Only)
Are you struggling with feelings of inadequacy and a fraud? Do you often doubt your accomplishments and compare yourself unfavorably to others? Perhaps you're burdened by high standards and the constant pressure to achieve flawlessness? I help individuals like you break free from these patterns. Through therapy, we'll work together to develop a healthier self-perception, build confidence, increase motivation, and reduce anxiety so that you can start to live the life that you want to.
Are you struggling with feelings of inadequacy and a fraud? Do you often doubt your accomplishments and compare yourself unfavorably to others? Perhaps you're burdened by high standards and the constant pressure to achieve flawlessness? I help individuals like you break free from these patterns. Through therapy, we'll work together to develop a healthier self-perception, build confidence, increase motivation, and reduce anxiety so that you can start to live the life that you want to.
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Photo of Dipesh Gosar, MSc, MNCPS Acc., Counsellor
Dipesh Gosar
Counsellor, MSc, MNCPS Acc.
Verified Verified
Hamilton ML3
My approach to counselling is a mix of traditional counselling, CBT and mindfulness-based CBT. This enables me to adapt therapy to suit my client’s needs and ability to seek the desired change. I have experience working with clients at Golden Jubilee Hospital, Glasgow Cognitive Therapy Centre, and Lanarkshire Counselling and CBT Centre.
My approach to counselling is a mix of traditional counselling, CBT and mindfulness-based CBT. This enables me to adapt therapy to suit my client’s needs and ability to seek the desired change. I have experience working with clients at Golden Jubilee Hospital, Glasgow Cognitive Therapy Centre, and Lanarkshire Counselling and CBT Centre.
07534 282542 View 07534 282542
Photo of Dr Robina Boehnke - Dr Robina Boehnke, HCPC - Couns. Psych., Psychologist
Dr Robina Boehnke
Psychologist, HCPC - Couns. Psych.
Verified Verified
Dundee DD1
Hello and welcome! I am glad that you have found your way here. Life is difficult and whilst we can often cope well with the challenges life throws at us, sometimes we find ourselves stuck and unable to get ourselves unstuck regardless of how hard we try. This is where therapy comes in. You may feel depressed, anxious, stressed, or low and may have trouble enjoying the good things in life. I offer you a compassionate, trustworthy, and non-judgmental space where you can explore, develop, learn, and grow. Please have a look at my website for more detailed information.
Hello and welcome! I am glad that you have found your way here. Life is difficult and whilst we can often cope well with the challenges life throws at us, sometimes we find ourselves stuck and unable to get ourselves unstuck regardless of how hard we try. This is where therapy comes in. You may feel depressed, anxious, stressed, or low and may have trouble enjoying the good things in life. I offer you a compassionate, trustworthy, and non-judgmental space where you can explore, develop, learn, and grow. Please have a look at my website for more detailed information.
07526 043595 View 07526 043595
Photo of Christine Shaw, MSc, MBACP, Counsellor
Christine Shaw
Counsellor, MSc, MBACP
Verified Verified
Glasgow G2
Having lived in Hong Kong, Taiwan, Manchester, and Glasgow, I gained unique cultural experiences and understood the struggle to fit in. Now, finding peace within my authentic self, I can empathise deeply with individuals who are experiencing life transitions, anxiety and self-doubt. I will treat your experience and opinions with respect, compassion and honesty because I want you to feel safe to talk openly in therapy. I intend to work with you as a team to fully understand how you respond to what happened. When you feel fully understood, a weight is lifted, and you will be more able to reflect and move forward.
Having lived in Hong Kong, Taiwan, Manchester, and Glasgow, I gained unique cultural experiences and understood the struggle to fit in. Now, finding peace within my authentic self, I can empathise deeply with individuals who are experiencing life transitions, anxiety and self-doubt. I will treat your experience and opinions with respect, compassion and honesty because I want you to feel safe to talk openly in therapy. I intend to work with you as a team to fully understand how you respond to what happened. When you feel fully understood, a weight is lifted, and you will be more able to reflect and move forward.
0141 673 4841 View 0141 673 4841
Photo of Dr Carey Viala, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych., Psychologist
Dr Carey Viala
Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Darlington DL3
I'm an HCPC registered and BPS Chartered Clinical Psychology working in private practice in Darlington, County Durham. I offer psychological assessment and therapy to adults with a range of difficulties including depression, anxiety or worry, eating disorders, chronic pain and adjustment to illness or disability. I also have been successful in helping people experiencing Imposter Syndrome.
I'm an HCPC registered and BPS Chartered Clinical Psychology working in private practice in Darlington, County Durham. I offer psychological assessment and therapy to adults with a range of difficulties including depression, anxiety or worry, eating disorders, chronic pain and adjustment to illness or disability. I also have been successful in helping people experiencing Imposter Syndrome.
01325 522470 View 01325 522470
Photo of Dr Kim Kemp, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych., Psychologist
Dr Kim Kemp
Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Verified Verified
Edinburgh EH8  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
Living with a visible or invisible long term illness can impact on your thoughts, feelings and behaviour and affect your relationships, wellbeing and ability to function. I’m comfortable having difficult conversations about health and medical conditions, treatments, symptoms and the effect they have on your mental wellbeing. Psychological support can help you manage these challenges and get on with living a good life. Psychological support can also be helpful when you are receiving medical care or surgery. Collaborating with me before and after you have medical treatment or surgery can maximise your coping strategies and recovery.
Living with a visible or invisible long term illness can impact on your thoughts, feelings and behaviour and affect your relationships, wellbeing and ability to function. I’m comfortable having difficult conversations about health and medical conditions, treatments, symptoms and the effect they have on your mental wellbeing. Psychological support can help you manage these challenges and get on with living a good life. Psychological support can also be helpful when you are receiving medical care or surgery. Collaborating with me before and after you have medical treatment or surgery can maximise your coping strategies and recovery.
01764 915891 View 01764 915891

See more therapy options for Dumfries

How does your Counsellor compare?

Number of Counsellors in Dumfries

10+

Average cost per session

£60

Counsellors in Dumfries who prioritize treating:

92% Anxiety
92% Trauma and PTSD
92% Self Esteem
92% Stress
83% Relationship Issues
75% Depression
75% Domestic Abuse

Average years in practice

7 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

100% Bupa
50% Aviva
50% AXA PPP

How Counsellors in Dumfries see their clients

75% In Person and Online
25% Online Only

Gender breakdown

89% Female
11% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling

How can I find a therapist in Dumfries?

Search for nearby therapists or counsellors by inputting your city, postcode, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postcode into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are members of the main professional associations, mainly the British Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy (BACP) and the UK Council for Psychotherapy (UKCP). Most Psychologists in the directory are accredited members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and/or are registered in the Health and Care Professions Council (HPCP).

Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given that professional memberships are not a statutory requirement for psychotherapists and counsellors in the UK, certain qualified professionals or organisations may choose not to maintain such memberships despite possessing the necessary qualifications. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?

Counsellors, psychotherapists and psychologists can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and experience that enable them to do so in the UK. Psychologists have earned a degree in psychology and many are members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and have completed a postgraduate qualification in a specialism. Counsellors and Psychotherapists are not required to have a psychology degree, but to belong to a professional organisation such as the BACP or UKCP, they are required to have completed a training course as well as clinical and supervision hours.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the UK could be between £30 - £60 when seeing a counsellor and £60 - £150 and up when seeing a clinical psychologist. If you have private insurance, your plan may cover some if not all of your sessions. You should contact your insurance provider to determine if they provide coverage for therapy sessions and to determine what, if any, requirements they might have in order for your sessions to be covered, such as a referral from your GP or medical specialist.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. The NHS Talking therapies programme offers free of charge counselling for common mental health problems like anxiety and depression. The service is available to anyone registered with a GP, though you do not necessarily need to be referred by your GP and can refer yourself directly to a Talking therapies service. The service will provide different solutions, including group and individual therapy, for a limited number of sessions which are generally up to six.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postcode.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Therapists who are part of a professional organisation such as the BACP, the UKCP, or BPS are bound by an ethical framework that requires them to uphold a confidentiality agreement. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there has been participation in a criminal act or act of terror, or if there is potential or known harm to the client or others, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.