Psychodynamic Counselling in Dalkeith

Photo of Emma Jane Ducklin, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych., Psychologist
Emma Jane Ducklin
Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Verified Verified
Dalkeith EH22
I am very pleased to be able to offer a clinical psychology service based in Dalkeith, Midlothian which is high quality, easy and quick to access, and needs-led. I offer individually tailored psychological assessment and therapy for adults aged 18 and above who are experiencing a whole range of psychological difficulties and mental health issues. My specialist areas include psychological trauma of any kind, perinatal mental health issues including birth trauma, and complicated grief. I tend to work in an integrative way using elements of psychodynamic psychotherapy, cognitive analytic therapy and cognitive behaviour therapy.
I am very pleased to be able to offer a clinical psychology service based in Dalkeith, Midlothian which is high quality, easy and quick to access, and needs-led. I offer individually tailored psychological assessment and therapy for adults aged 18 and above who are experiencing a whole range of psychological difficulties and mental health issues. My specialist areas include psychological trauma of any kind, perinatal mental health issues including birth trauma, and complicated grief. I tend to work in an integrative way using elements of psychodynamic psychotherapy, cognitive analytic therapy and cognitive behaviour therapy.
0131 381 8945 View 0131 381 8945
Photo of Miriam McHardy, MA, MBACP, Counsellor
Miriam McHardy
Counsellor, MA, MBACP
Verified Verified
Dalkeith EH22
Sometimes life's difficult. Whether it’s an overwhelming crisis, or a slow realisation that things aren't right, we can often end up feeling stuck or that life isn’t what we intended. That’s when counselling can help. As a psychodynamic counsellor, I believe our past experiences often have an effect on our present-day life and relationships, sometimes causing us to get stuck in unhelpful patterns. By working through some of those experiences in counselling it can help us understand how they might be affecting us now and use those insights to make positive changes.
Sometimes life's difficult. Whether it’s an overwhelming crisis, or a slow realisation that things aren't right, we can often end up feeling stuck or that life isn’t what we intended. That’s when counselling can help. As a psychodynamic counsellor, I believe our past experiences often have an effect on our present-day life and relationships, sometimes causing us to get stuck in unhelpful patterns. By working through some of those experiences in counselling it can help us understand how they might be affecting us now and use those insights to make positive changes.
01875 444624 View 01875 444624
Photo of Allison Ridley, MA, HCPC - Clin. Psych., Psychologist
Allison Ridley
Psychologist, MA, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Verified Verified
Dalkeith EH22
You may be considering therapy to address specific difficulties such as depression, the impact of trauma, or difficulties in relationships with others, or you may have a wish for personal growth. Therapy recognises the importance of our experiences and our relationships or contact with others and our efforts to manage these. It offers the opportunity to gain an understanding of ourselves, of how we think, feel, behaviour & relate (including with ourselves) & consider change. After almost 30 years of working as a therapist in the NHS I moved into independent practice.
You may be considering therapy to address specific difficulties such as depression, the impact of trauma, or difficulties in relationships with others, or you may have a wish for personal growth. Therapy recognises the importance of our experiences and our relationships or contact with others and our efforts to manage these. It offers the opportunity to gain an understanding of ourselves, of how we think, feel, behaviour & relate (including with ourselves) & consider change. After almost 30 years of working as a therapist in the NHS I moved into independent practice.
0131 381 0083 View 0131 381 0083
Photo of Suzanne Andrade - Amani Counselling and Hypnotherapy , DCounsPsych, MNCPS Acc., Counsellor
Amani Counselling and Hypnotherapy
Counsellor, DCounsPsych, MNCPS Acc.
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Dalkeith EH22
Life is made up of challenges, some are easy for us to coordinate, others seem to be harder to overcome. We are all products of our lived experiences and have challenges that are unique to us as individuals.There are so many things that impact us in the now that stem from our past experiences of life. Not all experiences may seem to be important, however, each day we have lived has given us an experience which has been either positive or negative. As unique individuals our needs are so important and I will offer a safe, non judgmental space to share your thoughts.
Life is made up of challenges, some are easy for us to coordinate, others seem to be harder to overcome. We are all products of our lived experiences and have challenges that are unique to us as individuals.There are so many things that impact us in the now that stem from our past experiences of life. Not all experiences may seem to be important, however, each day we have lived has given us an experience which has been either positive or negative. As unique individuals our needs are so important and I will offer a safe, non judgmental space to share your thoughts.
0131 381 4752 View 0131 381 4752
Photo of Yuxi Liu, MSc, MBACP, Psychotherapist
Yuxi Liu
Psychotherapist, MSc, MBACP
Verified Verified
Dalkeith EH22
From my work and life experience, I keep finding myself using visual art in helping individuals to find more possibilities in their life. I help individuals with general anxiety, especially those who experience life transitions, workplace and education stress, and cultural differences/adjustments. The modern life itself can be overwhelming but there are resources to help us feel better to achieve the goals we have. Visual art therapy is an effective one to express emotions and thoughts with the joint efforts of individuals and therapists.
From my work and life experience, I keep finding myself using visual art in helping individuals to find more possibilities in their life. I help individuals with general anxiety, especially those who experience life transitions, workplace and education stress, and cultural differences/adjustments. The modern life itself can be overwhelming but there are resources to help us feel better to achieve the goals we have. Visual art therapy is an effective one to express emotions and thoughts with the joint efforts of individuals and therapists.
0131 381 6422 View 0131 381 6422
Photo of Sylvia Hamilton - Pentland Counselling, BACP, Counsellor
Pentland Counselling
Counsellor, BACP
Verified Verified
Dalkeith EH22
Welcome to Pentland Counselling. Are you feeling lost or stuck? Perhaps you are feeling low, anxious, or unsure about how you are going to cope with one of life's changes. Maybe you have experienced a loss and are struggling. You may have been experiencing difficulties in your relationships. You may have had traumatic experiences in earlier life which are still affecting you now. Perhaps you have tried counselling previously, and are now ready to explore things in more depth.
Welcome to Pentland Counselling. Are you feeling lost or stuck? Perhaps you are feeling low, anxious, or unsure about how you are going to cope with one of life's changes. Maybe you have experienced a loss and are struggling. You may have been experiencing difficulties in your relationships. You may have had traumatic experiences in earlier life which are still affecting you now. Perhaps you have tried counselling previously, and are now ready to explore things in more depth.
0131 381 5284 View 0131 381 5284
Photo of Michael And Sungjoo Durrington - Chai Counselling Ltd, DCounsPsych, MCOSCA, Counsellor
Chai Counselling Ltd
Counsellor, DCounsPsych, MCOSCA
Verified Verified
Dalkeith EH22
When you encounter difficult times in our day to day lives it is helpful to be able to talk these through with someone who is trained and objective. To help you explore the issues that matter to you, bringing insight and understanding to enable you to find your way through problems and dilemmas.
When you encounter difficult times in our day to day lives it is helpful to be able to talk these through with someone who is trained and objective. To help you explore the issues that matter to you, bringing insight and understanding to enable you to find your way through problems and dilemmas.
07723 435840 View 07723 435840

More Therapists Nearby

Photo of Dennis James Gurr, MBACP, Counsellor
Dennis James Gurr
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
Bonnyrigg EH19
Clinical approaches: Client-Centred Therapy, Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT), Existential Therapy, Imago Relationship Therapy, Motivational Interviewing, Psychodynamic Therapy, Solution-Focused Therapy, Trauma-Focused Therapy.
I am an independent counsellor and psychotherapist working in private practice. I have knowledge and experience in a variety of roles and settings in the field of human relations & systems. I use a variety of modalities including CBT, motivational interviewing & Solution Focused, Existential therapy, Person Centred, Psychodynamic, creative counselling techniques and coaching skills. I hold to the core conditions of empathy, positive non-regard, honesty and non-judgmental which underpin my counselling and psychotherapy practice.
Clinical approaches: Client-Centred Therapy, Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT), Existential Therapy, Imago Relationship Therapy, Motivational Interviewing, Psychodynamic Therapy, Solution-Focused Therapy, Trauma-Focused Therapy.
I am an independent counsellor and psychotherapist working in private practice. I have knowledge and experience in a variety of roles and settings in the field of human relations & systems. I use a variety of modalities including CBT, motivational interviewing & Solution Focused, Existential therapy, Person Centred, Psychodynamic, creative counselling techniques and coaching skills. I hold to the core conditions of empathy, positive non-regard, honesty and non-judgmental which underpin my counselling and psychotherapy practice.
0131 381 4934 View 0131 381 4934
Photo of Jan Barfoot, MBACP, Psychotherapist
Jan Barfoot
Psychotherapist, MBACP
Verified Verified
Bonnyrigg EH19
Waitlist for new clients
Hello, I'm a registered, experienced person-centred and psychodynamic psychotherapist working in Morningside, Edinburgh and Bonnyrigg, Midlothian. Have you found yourself stuck, depressed, anxious, struggling to find your sense of aliveness or move forward? Maybe you've experienced a bereavement, illness, painful experience, traumatic event or abuse that has left you with low self esteem, feeling overwhelmed, at odds with your own body or numb. I offer a supportive environment to help you talk about and explore what has happened. I will work with you to help you build understanding and, in time, live your own life more fully.
Hello, I'm a registered, experienced person-centred and psychodynamic psychotherapist working in Morningside, Edinburgh and Bonnyrigg, Midlothian. Have you found yourself stuck, depressed, anxious, struggling to find your sense of aliveness or move forward? Maybe you've experienced a bereavement, illness, painful experience, traumatic event or abuse that has left you with low self esteem, feeling overwhelmed, at odds with your own body or numb. I offer a supportive environment to help you talk about and explore what has happened. I will work with you to help you build understanding and, in time, live your own life more fully.
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Photo of Ana Puljic - Human Development Scotland, MBACP, Counsellor
Human Development Scotland
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
Edinburgh EH2
Human Development Scotland (HDS) is a Scottish mental health charity and our mission is to relieve mental and emotional distress by increasing the availability of, and access to, high quality psychodynamic and psychoanalytic counselling and psychotherapy for all who need them. At HDS, we offer a range of counselling services at affordable costs to support people to explore their feelings and experiences in a safe, confidential and non-judgemental environment. This counselling service is based on psychodynamic theory.
Human Development Scotland (HDS) is a Scottish mental health charity and our mission is to relieve mental and emotional distress by increasing the availability of, and access to, high quality psychodynamic and psychoanalytic counselling and psychotherapy for all who need them. At HDS, we offer a range of counselling services at affordable costs to support people to explore their feelings and experiences in a safe, confidential and non-judgemental environment. This counselling service is based on psychodynamic theory.
0141 673 8625 View 0141 673 8625
Photo of Sharan Collins, MBACP, Psychotherapist
Sharan Collins
Psychotherapist, MBACP
Verified Verified
Edinburgh EH14
"The effort to become human is among the very few things in a person's life that may over time come to feel more important to him than his personal survival" (T Ogden 1997). I am a professionally qualified and experienced psychodynamic psychotherapist, counsellor and supervisor. I have undertaken extensive continued professional development which has included training in the Dynamics of Attachment in Adult Life; Therapeutic Assessment; Infant Observation and Therapeutic Supervision. I have a particular interest in the relationship between shame and trauma.
"The effort to become human is among the very few things in a person's life that may over time come to feel more important to him than his personal survival" (T Ogden 1997). I am a professionally qualified and experienced psychodynamic psychotherapist, counsellor and supervisor. I have undertaken extensive continued professional development which has included training in the Dynamics of Attachment in Adult Life; Therapeutic Assessment; Infant Observation and Therapeutic Supervision. I have a particular interest in the relationship between shame and trauma.
0131 510 2177 View 0131 510 2177
Photo of Dr George Reid, PsychD, HCPC - Couns. Psych., Psychologist
Dr George Reid
Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Couns. Psych.
Verified Verified
Edinburgh EH1
I’ve trained in EMDR, schema therapy, CBT, psychodynamic and compassion-focused therapies.
Having the right fit (“therapeutic alliance”) with your psychologist is viewed as the most crucial factor in the healing process. I would encourage you to choose a practitioner with a broad life experience as well as a clinical training in a range of evidence-based psychological therapies. A former lawyer, I practised human rights & social justice law for years in the courts in the UK. This led to my interest in psychology & trauma & therapies to overcome psychological difficulties. I’ve lived in Canada, France, Italy & Scotland and have travelled all over the world, so I hope to have a background which may help you.
I’ve trained in EMDR, schema therapy, CBT, psychodynamic and compassion-focused therapies.
Having the right fit (“therapeutic alliance”) with your psychologist is viewed as the most crucial factor in the healing process. I would encourage you to choose a practitioner with a broad life experience as well as a clinical training in a range of evidence-based psychological therapies. A former lawyer, I practised human rights & social justice law for years in the courts in the UK. This led to my interest in psychology & trauma & therapies to overcome psychological difficulties. I’ve lived in Canada, France, Italy & Scotland and have travelled all over the world, so I hope to have a background which may help you.
0131 381 0397 View 0131 381 0397
Photo of Benjamin Ng, MSc, MBACP, Psychotherapist
Benjamin Ng
Psychotherapist, MSc, MBACP
Verified Verified
Edinburgh EH6  (Online Only)
My therapeutic orientation integrates Acceptance and Commitment Therapy with a Psychodynamic approach, structured within a Family Systems framework.
Welcome! I am an American-trained member of the BACP, with 9 years of experience working as a psychotherapist. I have worked with clients struggling with a range of mental health difficulties (chronic and acute: depression, anxiety, stress, trauma), but have specific experience with relationship issues (infidelity, breakups/divorce, struggles to connect); grief, bereavement and loss; and addiction. My style is warm and interactive, but challenging when needed. Being non-judgmental, and treating others with respect, sensitivity, and compassion is the bedrock of counselling, and is built into all of my feedback and reflections.
My therapeutic orientation integrates Acceptance and Commitment Therapy with a Psychodynamic approach, structured within a Family Systems framework.
Welcome! I am an American-trained member of the BACP, with 9 years of experience working as a psychotherapist. I have worked with clients struggling with a range of mental health difficulties (chronic and acute: depression, anxiety, stress, trauma), but have specific experience with relationship issues (infidelity, breakups/divorce, struggles to connect); grief, bereavement and loss; and addiction. My style is warm and interactive, but challenging when needed. Being non-judgmental, and treating others with respect, sensitivity, and compassion is the bedrock of counselling, and is built into all of my feedback and reflections.
020 4538 1865 View 020 4538 1865
Photo of Melissa Favre-Lorraine, MA, MBACP, Psychotherapist
Melissa Favre-Lorraine
Psychotherapist, MA, MBACP
Verified Verified
Edinburgh EH11  (Online Only)
I believe everyone’s journey is unique, so I integrate various therapeutic approaches like person-centred, psychodynamic, trauma-focused, and somatic practices.
Maybe you've spent years feeling like you had to be someone else—constantly trying to meet the expectations of others. Whether it’s unresolved trauma, attachment wounds, or the weight of anxiety and depression, it can leave you feeling disconnected from your true self. You might find yourself stuck in people-pleasing, overworking, masking, or repressing your emotions. Coping can turn into unhealthy patterns like self-harming, developing addictions, OCD, or eating disorders. Together, we can unravel those patterns, understand how your past is shaping your present, and help you develop what you need to feel good in your own skin.
I believe everyone’s journey is unique, so I integrate various therapeutic approaches like person-centred, psychodynamic, trauma-focused, and somatic practices.
Maybe you've spent years feeling like you had to be someone else—constantly trying to meet the expectations of others. Whether it’s unresolved trauma, attachment wounds, or the weight of anxiety and depression, it can leave you feeling disconnected from your true self. You might find yourself stuck in people-pleasing, overworking, masking, or repressing your emotions. Coping can turn into unhealthy patterns like self-harming, developing addictions, OCD, or eating disorders. Together, we can unravel those patterns, understand how your past is shaping your present, and help you develop what you need to feel good in your own skin.
0131 322 0964 View 0131 322 0964
Photo of Louise McBride, PsychD, MBACP, Psychotherapist
Louise McBride
Psychotherapist, PsychD, MBACP
Verified Verified
Edinburgh EH7
Psychodynamic Therapist (Reg.
Whatever your reasons for being here, you are very welcome. I provide a very safe and confidential space to people from ALL walks of life. Whatever difficulties you are experiencing I can help you to gain insight into why they exist and persist. Psychodynamic therapy helps you to bring that which is unconscious into conscious awareness which helps you to understand and resolve internal conflicts that cause suffering. These internal conflicts manifest as, for example, anxiety, depression and self-destructive behaviours, particularly in relationship with others. Psychodynamic therapy is effective in enabling life long change.
Psychodynamic Therapist (Reg.
Whatever your reasons for being here, you are very welcome. I provide a very safe and confidential space to people from ALL walks of life. Whatever difficulties you are experiencing I can help you to gain insight into why they exist and persist. Psychodynamic therapy helps you to bring that which is unconscious into conscious awareness which helps you to understand and resolve internal conflicts that cause suffering. These internal conflicts manifest as, for example, anxiety, depression and self-destructive behaviours, particularly in relationship with others. Psychodynamic therapy is effective in enabling life long change.
0131 381 0828 View 0131 381 0828
Photo of Dr Emilia Finazzi, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych., Psychologist
Dr Emilia Finazzi
Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Verified Verified
Edinburgh EH10
Waitlist for new clients
I integrate insights from Psychodynamic Psychotherapy and Existential Therapy.
If we allow ourselves, therapy can help us in so many ways and even deeply transform us. You may find yourself experiencing feelings of stagnation, fatigue, or loneliness. Perhaps you are contending with various challenges or wish to discover yourself deeper and fulfil your potential. I offer a safe, honest and nurturing listening space. I aim to help individuals gain self-awareness, navigate challenges, facilitate healing, transformation and personal growth. It is a profound privilege to assist people on their journey.
I integrate insights from Psychodynamic Psychotherapy and Existential Therapy.
If we allow ourselves, therapy can help us in so many ways and even deeply transform us. You may find yourself experiencing feelings of stagnation, fatigue, or loneliness. Perhaps you are contending with various challenges or wish to discover yourself deeper and fulfil your potential. I offer a safe, honest and nurturing listening space. I aim to help individuals gain self-awareness, navigate challenges, facilitate healing, transformation and personal growth. It is a profound privilege to assist people on their journey.
0131 357 3825 View 0131 357 3825
Photo of Dr Anna Planedin, DCounsPsych, MBACP, Psychotherapist
Dr Anna Planedin
Psychotherapist, DCounsPsych, MBACP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Edinburgh EH2
Hello, my name is Anna Planedin and my main approach is psychodynamic but I am also trained in person-centered practice. I am interested in helping people find relief and movement from a place of feeling 'stuck.' I specialize in working with chronic pain, loss, trauma and sex/sexuality. I view therapy as a process of helping you listen to your gut feelings, find safety and containment and feel less alone in overwhelming life experiences. It is my hope that through speaking about difficult or taboo feelings with me, you will feel understood and accepted, and that over time you feel more powerful in how you respond to difficulty.
Hello, my name is Anna Planedin and my main approach is psychodynamic but I am also trained in person-centered practice. I am interested in helping people find relief and movement from a place of feeling 'stuck.' I specialize in working with chronic pain, loss, trauma and sex/sexuality. I view therapy as a process of helping you listen to your gut feelings, find safety and containment and feel less alone in overwhelming life experiences. It is my hope that through speaking about difficult or taboo feelings with me, you will feel understood and accepted, and that over time you feel more powerful in how you respond to difficulty.
01764 915849 View 01764 915849
Photo of Noam Simon, MA, MNCPS Acc., Psychotherapist
Noam Simon
Psychotherapist, MA, MNCPS Acc.
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Edinburgh EH1
I use an integrative and pragmatic approach, where I pull from different therapeutic modalities (CBT, ACT, Psychodynamic, Narrative, Existential) to help you achieve your current goals.
So often our difficulties make us feel stuck, bound in place. Sometimes we can see we are caught in a loop, but don't know how to get free. Or we know what to do, but just can't seem to do it. And sometimes we don't even know what is making us feel stuck and where to start. Problems with our health, mood, traumatic experiences, changes to our life circumstances such as our employment or living arrangement, relationships, achievements, habits- any of these can make us feel stuck. Even good things such as weddings or promotions can be a stressor that gets us feeling this way.
I use an integrative and pragmatic approach, where I pull from different therapeutic modalities (CBT, ACT, Psychodynamic, Narrative, Existential) to help you achieve your current goals.
So often our difficulties make us feel stuck, bound in place. Sometimes we can see we are caught in a loop, but don't know how to get free. Or we know what to do, but just can't seem to do it. And sometimes we don't even know what is making us feel stuck and where to start. Problems with our health, mood, traumatic experiences, changes to our life circumstances such as our employment or living arrangement, relationships, achievements, habits- any of these can make us feel stuck. Even good things such as weddings or promotions can be a stressor that gets us feeling this way.
0131 381 3592 View 0131 381 3592
Photo of Maggi Fenwick - Fenwick Counselling and Psychotherapy, MSc, MBACP, Psychotherapist
Fenwick Counselling and Psychotherapy
Psychotherapist, MSc, MBACP
Verified Verified
Edinburgh EH1
Person-centred; Psychodynamic; CBT) as we all need different things at different points in time throughout the therapeutic journey.
A warm welcome to you. I am Maggi, a fully registered BACP Pluralistic Counsellor and Psychotherapist. I understand it takes courage to reach out and take that first step ... whether it’s your first time starting therapy or you’ve had therapy in the past. I offer a safe and confidential space to talk through the difficulties you’re experiencing. Perhaps you are finding it difficult to cope? Experiencing anxiety? Feeling depressed? Having relationship issues/family problems? Struggling with past/present trauma or life changes? Or come to a crossroads in life and don’t know where to turn? Wanting to understand yourself better?
Person-centred; Psychodynamic; CBT) as we all need different things at different points in time throughout the therapeutic journey.
A warm welcome to you. I am Maggi, a fully registered BACP Pluralistic Counsellor and Psychotherapist. I understand it takes courage to reach out and take that first step ... whether it’s your first time starting therapy or you’ve had therapy in the past. I offer a safe and confidential space to talk through the difficulties you’re experiencing. Perhaps you are finding it difficult to cope? Experiencing anxiety? Feeling depressed? Having relationship issues/family problems? Struggling with past/present trauma or life changes? Or come to a crossroads in life and don’t know where to turn? Wanting to understand yourself better?
01382 933278 View 01382 933278
Photo of Isabel Martinez, MSc, MBACP, Counsellor
Isabel Martinez
Counsellor, MSc, MBACP
Verified Verified
Edinburgh EH1
I work with a psychodynamic approach, which is based on the idea that our early life experiences shape the way we perceive and interact with the world around us.
I offer a safe space for clients who might be struggling with life situations or want to work on self awareness. My main interest as a therapist is to accompany my clients in a process of self discovery that inspires growth.
I work with a psychodynamic approach, which is based on the idea that our early life experiences shape the way we perceive and interact with the world around us.
I offer a safe space for clients who might be struggling with life situations or want to work on self awareness. My main interest as a therapist is to accompany my clients in a process of self discovery that inspires growth.
01764 915910 View 01764 915910

See more therapy options for Dalkeith

Psychodynamic Counsellors

Is psychodynamic therapy evidence-based?

Studies have found psychodynamic therapy to be effective in treating conditions like social anxiety, eating disorders, chronic pain, some personality disorders, and depression; indeed, some studies have found it to be just as effective as CBT or medication. What’s more, several studies have found that the benefits of psychodynamic therapy tend to endure—even grow—long after treatment has ended.

How long does psychodynamic therapy last?

Unlike CBT and other more structured forms of therapy, psychodynamic therapy tends to be open-ended and may not be limited to a set number of sessions. It is common for clients to be in therapy for a year or longer and to see their therapist one to three times a week, though the exact schedule and timeline may vary depending on a client’s challenges and progress. However, brief psychodynamic therapy is available, which tends to be more goal-oriented and typically unfolds over 16 to 30 sessions.

Does psychodynamic therapy work?

Research finds that psychodynamic therapy can help someone manage or reduce symptoms of diagnosable mental health conditions like depression or anxiety. The modality may also offer a range of benefits that are harder to measure but just as valuable—such as increased self-worth or healthier relationships. While no therapy type will work for everyone, research and anecdotal evidence suggest that psychodynamic therapy can be highly effective.

What are the limitations of psychodynamic therapy?

Some meta-analyses have concluded that there is little evidence to suggest that psychodynamic therapy can effectively treat certain mental health conditions such as PTSD, OCD, or psychosis, though it is sometimes used to do so. More broadly, the open-ended, free-association structure of psychodynamic therapy may be frustrating for clients who prefer a more structured, time-limited, or goal-oriented approach.