Photo of Amanda E Smith, MBBS, COSRT Accred, Psychotherapist
Amanda E Smith
Psychotherapist, MBBS, COSRT Accred
Verified Verified
A fulfilling sex life is an important part of healthy human life & relationships. However many have difficulties at some time in life. Examples of contributing factors include relationship problems, stress, anxiety, depression, bereavement, illness, disability & medication. I aim to put clients at ease and work at my clients' pace so they don't feel rushed or pressured. You can contact me by email, phone or text. I offer a free 10 min phone chat for anyone considering an appointment, to discuss what you'd like to get out of sessions & help you to decide if I'm the right therapist for you. Sessions are typically weekly/fortnightly
A fulfilling sex life is an important part of healthy human life & relationships. However many have difficulties at some time in life. Examples of contributing factors include relationship problems, stress, anxiety, depression, bereavement, illness, disability & medication. I aim to put clients at ease and work at my clients' pace so they don't feel rushed or pressured. You can contact me by email, phone or text. I offer a free 10 min phone chat for anyone considering an appointment, to discuss what you'd like to get out of sessions & help you to decide if I'm the right therapist for you. Sessions are typically weekly/fortnightly
01246 925937 View 01246 925937
Photo of Sian Alexandra Spencer-Bray - Therapy & Lifestyle Clinic (TLC), MSc, COSRT General, Psychotherapist
Therapy & Lifestyle Clinic (TLC)
Psychotherapist, MSc, COSRT General
Verified Verified
TLC is a clinic of experienced and highly qualified professionals working towards helping you better yourself. We work with individuals, couples and groups to offer a confidential service where clients can discuss sensitive issues with no judgement. Sian’s (the founder) career has been namely in mental health and sexual health, two areas which she is hugely passionate about. At TLC we work with a range of difficulties including anxiety, depression, bereavement, stress, bullying, low self-esteem, relationships and offer Autism assessments, to name a few. All our professionals are registered with COSRT, BABCP, BACP, HCPC or BPS.
TLC is a clinic of experienced and highly qualified professionals working towards helping you better yourself. We work with individuals, couples and groups to offer a confidential service where clients can discuss sensitive issues with no judgement. Sian’s (the founder) career has been namely in mental health and sexual health, two areas which she is hugely passionate about. At TLC we work with a range of difficulties including anxiety, depression, bereavement, stress, bullying, low self-esteem, relationships and offer Autism assessments, to name a few. All our professionals are registered with COSRT, BABCP, BACP, HCPC or BPS.
01246 607005 View 01246 607005
Photo of Rebecca Llewellyn, MBACP, Psychotherapist
Rebecca Llewellyn
Psychotherapist, MBACP
Verified Verified
Hi I'm Becx, a qualified and registered psychotherapist working in Chesterfield. Making the decision to get help can be difficult so I aim to create the most safe, calm and secure environment I can to allow you to just be yourself without judgement. I am friendly, passionate and professional. I like to get to know you as a person and work with you in a respectful and empathetic manner to get to the bottom of the issues you bring.
Hi I'm Becx, a qualified and registered psychotherapist working in Chesterfield. Making the decision to get help can be difficult so I aim to create the most safe, calm and secure environment I can to allow you to just be yourself without judgement. I am friendly, passionate and professional. I like to get to know you as a person and work with you in a respectful and empathetic manner to get to the bottom of the issues you bring.
01246 948560 View 01246 948560
Photo of Bex Fennell, MNCPS Acc., Psychotherapist
Bex Fennell
Psychotherapist, MNCPS Acc.
Verified Verified
Not accepting new clients
Hi, I am Bex and I am an Accredited Integrative Psychotherapist (NCS/ MBACP) and Counsellor with over 20 years’ experience of working within mental health. I work with both adults and children. I know that seeking counselling can be a daunting process, however, I offer a warm, supportive and non- judgemental space where we can explore any issues that could be preventing you from living a more fulfilling life. My years of training and experience in becoming a counsellor have taught me that each client is unique with their own perspective and understanding- it is my work to sit alongside you and understand your pain.
Hi, I am Bex and I am an Accredited Integrative Psychotherapist (NCS/ MBACP) and Counsellor with over 20 years’ experience of working within mental health. I work with both adults and children. I know that seeking counselling can be a daunting process, however, I offer a warm, supportive and non- judgemental space where we can explore any issues that could be preventing you from living a more fulfilling life. My years of training and experience in becoming a counsellor have taught me that each client is unique with their own perspective and understanding- it is my work to sit alongside you and understand your pain.
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Photo of Michelle Kate Leeder - Michelle Leeder Counselling and Wellbeing, MBACP, Counsellor
Michelle Leeder Counselling and Wellbeing
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
Not accepting new clients
I am a dedicated female-centred therapist, devoted to empowering women to embrace their inherent worth. I firmly believe in the boundless potential and resilience of women and the profound impact of self-awareness on their lives. Remarkable transformations occur when women embark on their healing journey and delve into self-discovery. Whether in person or virtually, I love journeying with women through their growth and self-care and I know that the ripple effects of this journey are significant. I believe that fostering this inclusive and accepting space for individuals encourages collective nurturing also.
I am a dedicated female-centred therapist, devoted to empowering women to embrace their inherent worth. I firmly believe in the boundless potential and resilience of women and the profound impact of self-awareness on their lives. Remarkable transformations occur when women embark on their healing journey and delve into self-discovery. Whether in person or virtually, I love journeying with women through their growth and self-care and I know that the ripple effects of this journey are significant. I believe that fostering this inclusive and accepting space for individuals encourages collective nurturing also.
01773 483134 View 01773 483134
Photo of Lisa Hammond, BACP, Psychotherapist
Lisa Hammond
Psychotherapist, BACP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Hi, I'm Lisa, an integrative psychotherapist (PGDip), and an individual member of the BACP. I appreciate that starting your therapeutic journey is not easy. With this in mind, I strive to create a safe space that is confidential and professional, but also comfortable, compassionate, and empowering to facilitate your journey to improved well-being, mental health, and quality of life. As difficult as it can be to reach out for support, it can be just as difficult to stay where we are, especially if we are suffering. I hope that today you feel able to reach out and begin rebuilding your story.
Hi, I'm Lisa, an integrative psychotherapist (PGDip), and an individual member of the BACP. I appreciate that starting your therapeutic journey is not easy. With this in mind, I strive to create a safe space that is confidential and professional, but also comfortable, compassionate, and empowering to facilitate your journey to improved well-being, mental health, and quality of life. As difficult as it can be to reach out for support, it can be just as difficult to stay where we are, especially if we are suffering. I hope that today you feel able to reach out and begin rebuilding your story.
01246 948660 View 01246 948660
Photo of Jonathan Fletcher, COSRT General, Psychotherapist
Jonathan Fletcher
Psychotherapist, COSRT General
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Hi, my name is Jonny, and I am a fully qualified psychosexual and relationship therapist registered with COSRT. Embarking on a therapeutic journey can initially feel daunting, but it can become a life-changing and affirming experience. It is my job to provide a safe, empathetic, and non-judgemental space to explore whatever issue is troubling you, although engaging in therapy can be hugely beneficial even without a specific problem.
Hi, my name is Jonny, and I am a fully qualified psychosexual and relationship therapist registered with COSRT. Embarking on a therapeutic journey can initially feel daunting, but it can become a life-changing and affirming experience. It is my job to provide a safe, empathetic, and non-judgemental space to explore whatever issue is troubling you, although engaging in therapy can be hugely beneficial even without a specific problem.
0151 453 2709 View 0151 453 2709
Photo of James Bawden, MNCPS Acc., Psychotherapist
James Bawden
Psychotherapist, MNCPS Acc.
Verified Verified
Waitlist for new clients
Hi, I’m James, I wonder what’s going on for you. There's no wrong reason to speak to me and no wrong thing to say. Maybe things just don't feel good or you have goals but can't get there. However you find yourself at the moment, I look forward to meeting you.
Hi, I’m James, I wonder what’s going on for you. There's no wrong reason to speak to me and no wrong thing to say. Maybe things just don't feel good or you have goals but can't get there. However you find yourself at the moment, I look forward to meeting you.
0114 697 6233 View 0114 697 6233
Photo of Shirani Situnayake, PNCPS Acc., Counsellor
Shirani Situnayake
Counsellor, PNCPS Acc.
Verified Verified
I have extensive experience of working with a variety of issues, particularly those affecting women and bring a deep understanding and considerable empathy to my therapeutic work. Struggles with anger, child sexual abuse, self harm, anxiety, depression, sexual violence and domestic abuse, addictions, self esteem, cultural issues, identity issues, sexuality issues, eating issues and self confidence, PTSD and trauma.
I have extensive experience of working with a variety of issues, particularly those affecting women and bring a deep understanding and considerable empathy to my therapeutic work. Struggles with anger, child sexual abuse, self harm, anxiety, depression, sexual violence and domestic abuse, addictions, self esteem, cultural issues, identity issues, sexuality issues, eating issues and self confidence, PTSD and trauma.
01623 572202 View 01623 572202
Photo of Yvonne Caroline Ainsworth, Counsellor
Yvonne Caroline Ainsworth
Counsellor
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chesterfield S40  (Online Only)
When overwhelmed by life’s difficulties, struggling with loss or suffering from anxiety, stress, and depression, people often have no one to turn to. Even with friends or family who love them, they don’t feel able to talk openly, due to guilt or embarrassment, or particularly in the case of bereavement, through not wanting to burden others. Often desperate to be ‘heard’ and supported, my clients come to me for counselling and find release as I allow them to offload from a place of pain, helping them find ways to cope with life again. It’s a ‘safe place’ – they can be ‘real’ without any fear of judgement.
When overwhelmed by life’s difficulties, struggling with loss or suffering from anxiety, stress, and depression, people often have no one to turn to. Even with friends or family who love them, they don’t feel able to talk openly, due to guilt or embarrassment, or particularly in the case of bereavement, through not wanting to burden others. Often desperate to be ‘heard’ and supported, my clients come to me for counselling and find release as I allow them to offload from a place of pain, helping them find ways to cope with life again. It’s a ‘safe place’ – they can be ‘real’ without any fear of judgement.
01629 701455 View 01629 701455
Photo of Joe Roe
Joe Roe
Verified Verified
Get back your mojo with Joe Roe (she/her) The Mental Health Coach. Shifting you from anxiety and stress to calm, confident and happiness. Using a beautiful blend of coaching & NLP, working together to move you forward to achieve your goals with your mental health wealth, goal clarity, self belief, motivation, work, relationships and life style choices, cleaning up memories and phobias. Over 20 years coaching experience and 7 years in own private practice successfully coaching people just like you to live a calm, confident and happy life, full of purpose.
Get back your mojo with Joe Roe (she/her) The Mental Health Coach. Shifting you from anxiety and stress to calm, confident and happiness. Using a beautiful blend of coaching & NLP, working together to move you forward to achieve your goals with your mental health wealth, goal clarity, self belief, motivation, work, relationships and life style choices, cleaning up memories and phobias. Over 20 years coaching experience and 7 years in own private practice successfully coaching people just like you to live a calm, confident and happy life, full of purpose.
01623 572247 View 01623 572247
Photo of Teri Spinks, MNCPS Acc., Psychotherapist
Teri Spinks
Psychotherapist, MNCPS Acc.
Verified Verified
Hello, I'm Teri. I offer a relaxed counselling style with no judgement. I'm flexible in my approach so I can work with you in a way that suits you. I can also give you immediate tools to help with anxiety, stress and overwhelm, low mood and also teach you relaxation techniques if needed. I work to educate you too, so you know why this is happening and how to look out for the signs in the future. But sometimes we just need to download with no fix. I love what I do and even the most difficult issues can still be helped with compassion, sensitivity and a little bit of humour thrown in.
Hello, I'm Teri. I offer a relaxed counselling style with no judgement. I'm flexible in my approach so I can work with you in a way that suits you. I can also give you immediate tools to help with anxiety, stress and overwhelm, low mood and also teach you relaxation techniques if needed. I work to educate you too, so you know why this is happening and how to look out for the signs in the future. But sometimes we just need to download with no fix. I love what I do and even the most difficult issues can still be helped with compassion, sensitivity and a little bit of humour thrown in.
0114 697 9484 View 0114 697 9484
Photo of Terri Niakian, MBACP, Counsellor
Terri Niakian
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
I am here to listen to you, empathise, support and not judge you, our counselling relationship will help you to clarify issue in your life and you will be enabled to reach your full potential, and clarify and discover your strengths, find your solutions and together we will find a way to right decisions .
I am here to listen to you, empathise, support and not judge you, our counselling relationship will help you to clarify issue in your life and you will be enabled to reach your full potential, and clarify and discover your strengths, find your solutions and together we will find a way to right decisions .
0114 303 1366 View 0114 303 1366
Photo of Rachel Pink, MSc, BACP, Counsellor
Rachel Pink
Counsellor, MSc, BACP
Verified Verified
Hi, I'm Rachel. I work with compassion to guide my clients on their path to healing recovery. I tailor my approach to best suit you as the individual you are, because, like most things in life, one size doesn't fit all. This is your therapy journey! I aim to meet you where you are and bring about healthy change, now, and in your brighter future. My practice is trauma-informed, and I hold all diagnoses with care and consideration whilst knowing they are not the whole story.
Hi, I'm Rachel. I work with compassion to guide my clients on their path to healing recovery. I tailor my approach to best suit you as the individual you are, because, like most things in life, one size doesn't fit all. This is your therapy journey! I aim to meet you where you are and bring about healthy change, now, and in your brighter future. My practice is trauma-informed, and I hold all diagnoses with care and consideration whilst knowing they are not the whole story.
01773 307934 View 01773 307934
Photo of Alex Blood - Derbyshire Music Therapy, MA, HCPC-Music Therap., Psychotherapist
Derbyshire Music Therapy
Psychotherapist, MA, HCPC-Music Therap.
Verified Verified
Hi, I'm Alex. I am a Pyschodynamic Music Therapist working across Derbyshire, Chesterfield and Derby. Music Therapy is a regulated psychological clinical intervention, which is delivered by masters level trained, HCPC registered Music Therapists. It can help people whose lives have been affected by illness, injury, mental health or disability through supporting their psychological, emotional, cognitive, physical, communicative and social needs. It is especially appropriate for people who have difficulty articulating feelings or experiences verbally, either due to speech and language problems or simply because words are hard to find.
Hi, I'm Alex. I am a Pyschodynamic Music Therapist working across Derbyshire, Chesterfield and Derby. Music Therapy is a regulated psychological clinical intervention, which is delivered by masters level trained, HCPC registered Music Therapists. It can help people whose lives have been affected by illness, injury, mental health or disability through supporting their psychological, emotional, cognitive, physical, communicative and social needs. It is especially appropriate for people who have difficulty articulating feelings or experiences verbally, either due to speech and language problems or simply because words are hard to find.
01629 707129 View 01629 707129
Photo of Jane McClaren - Sheffield CBT & Counselling Practice, MBABCP, Psychotherapist
Sheffield CBT & Counselling Practice
Psychotherapist, MBABCP
Verified Verified
We at Sheffield CBT & Counselling Practice are committed to helping people to overcome difficult and distressing times. We provide a safe and personalised service offering solutions for people experiencing a range of difficulties from anxiety, depression, panic attacks, worrying, social phobia, low self esteem, public speaking, OCD, & PTSD. At the center of Sheffield CBT & Counselling Practice is an approach that supports clients to reach psychological and personal well-being,
We at Sheffield CBT & Counselling Practice are committed to helping people to overcome difficult and distressing times. We provide a safe and personalised service offering solutions for people experiencing a range of difficulties from anxiety, depression, panic attacks, worrying, social phobia, low self esteem, public speaking, OCD, & PTSD. At the center of Sheffield CBT & Counselling Practice is an approach that supports clients to reach psychological and personal well-being,
0114 478 2065 View 0114 478 2065
Photo of Jo Wild - Calm Space Counselling, MBACP, Counsellor
Calm Space Counselling
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Hello, my name is Jo, and I would like to welcome you to Calm Space Counselling. I am passionate about helping people feel the best they possibly can, both about and within themselves. As soulful human beings, our past, present and future relationships, with others and with ourselves, are impacted by people, places, objects and events. Sometimes these are beautiful and inspiring, but often they can be difficult and traumatic. You may feel as if your life is on a loop, repeating old habits and behaviours in different situations. With care and empathy, I will support you as we explore these feelings and behaviours together.
Hello, my name is Jo, and I would like to welcome you to Calm Space Counselling. I am passionate about helping people feel the best they possibly can, both about and within themselves. As soulful human beings, our past, present and future relationships, with others and with ourselves, are impacted by people, places, objects and events. Sometimes these are beautiful and inspiring, but often they can be difficult and traumatic. You may feel as if your life is on a loop, repeating old habits and behaviours in different situations. With care and empathy, I will support you as we explore these feelings and behaviours together.
01629 701454 View 01629 701454
Photo of Steven Shears, MSc, MBACP Accred, Psychotherapist
Steven Shears
Psychotherapist, MSc, MBACP Accred
Verified Verified
I take the fact that you are looking at the possibility of entering therapy as a good sign. You may have struggled with your particular issue for years and found some temporary relief from it but now you are hoping that therapy could help you and have an open mind to possibilities to making some permanent changes and acquiring skills to deal with your difficulties going forwards and improving your relationships. If this sounds like your view of change then I have a wide range of experience with both individuals and couples to accompany you on your journey and have a encouraging and supportive approach.
I take the fact that you are looking at the possibility of entering therapy as a good sign. You may have struggled with your particular issue for years and found some temporary relief from it but now you are hoping that therapy could help you and have an open mind to possibilities to making some permanent changes and acquiring skills to deal with your difficulties going forwards and improving your relationships. If this sounds like your view of change then I have a wide range of experience with both individuals and couples to accompany you on your journey and have a encouraging and supportive approach.
01623 703997 View 01623 703997
Photo of Sally Bamford, MUKCP, Psychotherapist
Sally Bamford
Psychotherapist, MUKCP
Verified Verified
Hi, I'm Sally and I'm a UKCP registered counsellor based in Matlock . I work as a Counsellor for SAIL a charity which supports survivors of abuse. I have alot of experience with those suffering from anxiety and panic, and with those who are finding it hard to move forward in their lives. If you’re struggling and think that counselling might help , do get in touch. Appointments can be booked on Wednesdays online and Thursdays face to face. If you would like a call before deciding what to do, please let me know.
Hi, I'm Sally and I'm a UKCP registered counsellor based in Matlock . I work as a Counsellor for SAIL a charity which supports survivors of abuse. I have alot of experience with those suffering from anxiety and panic, and with those who are finding it hard to move forward in their lives. If you’re struggling and think that counselling might help , do get in touch. Appointments can be booked on Wednesdays online and Thursdays face to face. If you would like a call before deciding what to do, please let me know.
01629 701357 View 01629 701357
Photo of Tracey Adams, MSc, MUKCP, Psychotherapist
Tracey Adams
Psychotherapist, MSc, MUKCP
Verified Verified
Hi I am a UKCP accredited psychotherapist and clinical supervisor working in the Derby area. I have over 30 years experience working within Forensic and Mental Health Services both within the public and voluntary sector including Civil Service and the NHS. I hold an MSc in Integrative Psychotherapy however I have extensive CPD training, which I integrate within my practice including Hypnotherapy, EMDR, Group Analysis and in more recent years with the expansion in neuroscience research I have trained in Comprehensive Resource Model (CRM).
Hi I am a UKCP accredited psychotherapist and clinical supervisor working in the Derby area. I have over 30 years experience working within Forensic and Mental Health Services both within the public and voluntary sector including Civil Service and the NHS. I hold an MSc in Integrative Psychotherapy however I have extensive CPD training, which I integrate within my practice including Hypnotherapy, EMDR, Group Analysis and in more recent years with the expansion in neuroscience research I have trained in Comprehensive Resource Model (CRM).
07889 510099 View 07889 510099
1

See more therapy options for S40

How does your Counsellor compare?

Number of Counsellors in S40

20+

Average cost per session

£55

Counsellors in S40 who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
86% Depression
86% Self Esteem
79% Stress
76% Relationship Issues
72% Bereavement
72% Coping Skills

Average years in practice

7 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

50% Bupa
38% Aviva
25% Cigna and Evernorth

How Counsellors in S40 see their clients

94% In Person and Online
6% Online Only

Gender breakdown

81% Female
19% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling

How can I find a therapist in S40?

Search for nearby therapists or counsellors by inputting your city, postcode, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postcode into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are members of the main professional associations, mainly the British Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy (BACP) and the UK Council for Psychotherapy (UKCP). Most Psychologists in the directory are accredited members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and/or are registered in the Health and Care Professions Council (HPCP).

Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given that professional memberships are not a statutory requirement for psychotherapists and counsellors in the UK, certain qualified professionals or organisations may choose not to maintain such memberships despite possessing the necessary qualifications. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?

Counsellors, psychotherapists and psychologists can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and experience that enable them to do so in the UK. Psychologists have earned a degree in psychology and many are members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and have completed a postgraduate qualification in a specialism. Counsellors and Psychotherapists are not required to have a psychology degree, but to belong to a professional organisation such as the BACP or UKCP, they are required to have completed a training course as well as clinical and supervision hours.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the UK could be between £30 - £60 when seeing a counsellor and £60 - £150 and up when seeing a clinical psychologist. If you have private insurance, your plan may cover some if not all of your sessions. You should contact your insurance provider to determine if they provide coverage for therapy sessions and to determine what, if any, requirements they might have in order for your sessions to be covered, such as a referral from your GP or medical specialist.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. The NHS Talking therapies programme offers free of charge counselling for common mental health problems like anxiety and depression. The service is available to anyone registered with a GP, though you do not necessarily need to be referred by your GP and can refer yourself directly to a Talking therapies service. The service will provide different solutions, including group and individual therapy, for a limited number of sessions which are generally up to six.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postcode.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Therapists who are part of a professional organisation such as the BACP, the UKCP, or BPS are bound by an ethical framework that requires them to uphold a confidentiality agreement. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there has been participation in a criminal act or act of terror, or if there is potential or known harm to the client or others, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.