Counselling in Ballyclare

Photo of Joanne Welsh - Joanne Welsh Counselling Services Ballyclare, MA, MBACP Accred, Counsellor
Joanne Welsh Counselling Services Ballyclare
Counsellor, MA, MBACP Accred
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Ballyclare BT39
I offer warm, non-judgmental therapy, helping you understand yourself, face difficulties, make decisions or begin to make changes. This involves talking about life experiences in a safe space, providing you with support and helping you make future plans. I offer therapy for individuals, couples and young people (12+). I can help with a range of difficulties including anxiety, work related stress, depression, relationship difficulties including sex therapy (low desire, vaginismus, DE, ED & PE), self esteem, bereavement, trauma & addictions including sex addiction. I'll focus on what you want to achieve.
I offer warm, non-judgmental therapy, helping you understand yourself, face difficulties, make decisions or begin to make changes. This involves talking about life experiences in a safe space, providing you with support and helping you make future plans. I offer therapy for individuals, couples and young people (12+). I can help with a range of difficulties including anxiety, work related stress, depression, relationship difficulties including sex therapy (low desire, vaginismus, DE, ED & PE), self esteem, bereavement, trauma & addictions including sex addiction. I'll focus on what you want to achieve.
07792 813171 View 07792 813171
Photo of Lisa Leslie, SNCPS Acc., Counsellor
Lisa Leslie
Counsellor, SNCPS Acc.
Verified Verified
Ballyclare BT39
If you have a long standing issue that you feel you are ready and willing to address, are having current difficulties in your life or are simply feeling a bit lost I can help you to make sense of your feelings and find a way forward that is best for you.
If you have a long standing issue that you feel you are ready and willing to address, are having current difficulties in your life or are simply feeling a bit lost I can help you to make sense of your feelings and find a way forward that is best for you.
028 9124 4960 View 028 9124 4960
Photo of Nicola McGhee, MBACP, Counsellor
Nicola McGhee
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
Ballyclare BT39
Hello, my name is Nicola. I am a fully qualified Integrative Counsellor, registered with the British Association of Counselling and Psychotherapy. I offer counselling in a private, comfortable, relaxed space in a peaceful countryside setting where I extend genuine, non-judgemental, confidential counselling, working with you on a one to one basis. Through listening and supporting you, we will work together to explore and understand your difficult circumstances, worries and concerns to move towards a fresh perspective.
Hello, my name is Nicola. I am a fully qualified Integrative Counsellor, registered with the British Association of Counselling and Psychotherapy. I offer counselling in a private, comfortable, relaxed space in a peaceful countryside setting where I extend genuine, non-judgemental, confidential counselling, working with you on a one to one basis. Through listening and supporting you, we will work together to explore and understand your difficult circumstances, worries and concerns to move towards a fresh perspective.
028 9694 3104 View 028 9694 3104
Photo of Steven Hall, MBACP, Counsellor
Steven Hall
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Ballyclare BT39
I am a qualified integrative counsellor and a Registered member of the British Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy (BACP). I see the therapeutic process as a collaborative endeavour of empowerment to help you build the tools for a positive life change. This means that my approach to therapy is based on the idea that being true to yourself can help you lead a more fulfilling life. I will endeavour to create a space in which you can express yourself fully and authentically, in which you can be heard and seen; an authentic therapeutic relationship in which any thought or feeling can be expressed.
I am a qualified integrative counsellor and a Registered member of the British Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy (BACP). I see the therapeutic process as a collaborative endeavour of empowerment to help you build the tools for a positive life change. This means that my approach to therapy is based on the idea that being true to yourself can help you lead a more fulfilling life. I will endeavour to create a space in which you can express yourself fully and authentically, in which you can be heard and seen; an authentic therapeutic relationship in which any thought or feeling can be expressed.
07762 026798 View 07762 026798
Photo of Christine Fleming, MA, MBACP, Psychotherapist
Christine Fleming
Psychotherapist, MA, MBACP
Verified Verified
Ballyclare BT39  (Online Only)
Christine believes healing is a process that happens in the context of relationships, and despite the deep struggles that life sometimes presents, there is always hope. She considers it a privilege to come alongside clients who are struggling with a variety of issues including: self-harm, anxiety, depression, and a range of issues. Christine is an integrationist counsellor that combines techniques from Cognitive Behavioural Therapy, Dialectic Behavioural Therapy and Person Centred Therapy.
Christine believes healing is a process that happens in the context of relationships, and despite the deep struggles that life sometimes presents, there is always hope. She considers it a privilege to come alongside clients who are struggling with a variety of issues including: self-harm, anxiety, depression, and a range of issues. Christine is an integrationist counsellor that combines techniques from Cognitive Behavioural Therapy, Dialectic Behavioural Therapy and Person Centred Therapy.
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Photo of Joanne Watt, MBACP, Counsellor
Joanne Watt
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
Ballyclare BT39
I offer a very private, comfortable and relaxed space, where you can have a safe place to talk through your challenges and learn new coping strategies, which can enable you to work through the feelings that are troubling you. This can help to deal with specific problems, cope with a crisis or bereavement, improve your relationships, reduce confusion, or develop better ways of living. My role is to listen, support and help you understand your feelings and behaviour better. whatever difficulties you are facing.
I offer a very private, comfortable and relaxed space, where you can have a safe place to talk through your challenges and learn new coping strategies, which can enable you to work through the feelings that are troubling you. This can help to deal with specific problems, cope with a crisis or bereavement, improve your relationships, reduce confusion, or develop better ways of living. My role is to listen, support and help you understand your feelings and behaviour better. whatever difficulties you are facing.
07480 536605 View 07480 536605
Photo of Carole Mason, MBACP Accred, Counsellor
Carole Mason
Counsellor, MBACP Accred
Verified Verified
Ballyclare BT39
Hello and welcome to my profile. You may be feeling overwhelmed, anxious, depressed, you may have hit a difficult phase in your life because of a past trauma, or maybe you would just like someone to talk to. At some point in our lives, we all struggle with our feelings, which can be especially difficult to cope with or even to understand. I offer a private, comfortable and relaxed environment where you can have a regular time and safe place to talk through your challenges and learn new ways of coping, which can enable you to work through the feelings that are troubling you.
Hello and welcome to my profile. You may be feeling overwhelmed, anxious, depressed, you may have hit a difficult phase in your life because of a past trauma, or maybe you would just like someone to talk to. At some point in our lives, we all struggle with our feelings, which can be especially difficult to cope with or even to understand. I offer a private, comfortable and relaxed environment where you can have a regular time and safe place to talk through your challenges and learn new ways of coping, which can enable you to work through the feelings that are troubling you.
028 9344 7269 View 028 9344 7269
Photo of Don French - Life After Traumatic Events, MNCPS Acc., Counsellor
Life After Traumatic Events
Counsellor, MNCPS Acc.
Verified Verified
Ballyclare BT39  (Online Only)
Sometimes we may find ourselves overwhelmed with what life sends our way and we lose confidence in ourselves and abilities. Sessions can be either a one off or a series of events, depending on your needs. As Gandhi said, "Be the change that you want to see."
Sometimes we may find ourselves overwhelmed with what life sends our way and we lose confidence in ourselves and abilities. Sessions can be either a one off or a series of events, depending on your needs. As Gandhi said, "Be the change that you want to see."
020 3053 9829 View 020 3053 9829
Photo of Sheree Irwin, MBACP Accred, Counsellor
Sheree Irwin
Counsellor, MBACP Accred
Verified Verified
Ballyclare BT39
I am a qualified, experienced Supervisor & Therapist. Anxiety, relationship issues, depression, family issues, addictions, abuse, bereavement etc can have a huge negative impact on your overall health and well being, relationships and daily life. Have you been feeling angry, frustrated, worthless, sad, fearful, alone or stuck? Although you may not think it, but these feelings are normal. However, living with constant negative feelings can hold you back from developing healthy relationships and reaching your full potential. I can help you explore all of this and help you develop healthier coping skills.
I am a qualified, experienced Supervisor & Therapist. Anxiety, relationship issues, depression, family issues, addictions, abuse, bereavement etc can have a huge negative impact on your overall health and well being, relationships and daily life. Have you been feeling angry, frustrated, worthless, sad, fearful, alone or stuck? Although you may not think it, but these feelings are normal. However, living with constant negative feelings can hold you back from developing healthy relationships and reaching your full potential. I can help you explore all of this and help you develop healthier coping skills.
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Photo of Mark Henderson-Begg, MA, MBACP Accred, Counsellor
Mark Henderson-Begg
Counsellor, MA, MBACP Accred
Verified Verified
Ballyclare BT39
I offer a safe space to talk about anything which may be of concern in your life, which we can then explore at your own pace, to make sense of things, resolve difficult feelings and make positive change. It can sometimes be difficult to talk to family and friends, and having someone to listen without judgement can make all the difference. Counselling can also help us to understand how the past has affected our present life and relationships, helping us to connect to who we really are and to be happier as our true self, which is our human birthright. Counselling can also enable a secure attachment which can help to heal past wounds.
I offer a safe space to talk about anything which may be of concern in your life, which we can then explore at your own pace, to make sense of things, resolve difficult feelings and make positive change. It can sometimes be difficult to talk to family and friends, and having someone to listen without judgement can make all the difference. Counselling can also help us to understand how the past has affected our present life and relationships, helping us to connect to who we really are and to be happier as our true self, which is our human birthright. Counselling can also enable a secure attachment which can help to heal past wounds.
07588 743002 View 07588 743002
Photo of Joanne Hudson, MBACP Accred, Counsellor
Joanne Hudson
Counsellor, MBACP Accred
Verified Verified
Ballyclare BT39
My name is Joanne and I am an Integrative Counsellor. Being integrative means that I combine various approaches and tools to meet the individual needs of each client. I offer a safe space for you to discuss your experiences, explore your issues, and perhaps find ways to bring about change and improve your wellbeing. I provide support that is confidential, trusting and non-judgemental. I am fully qualified, and an accredited member of the BACP.
My name is Joanne and I am an Integrative Counsellor. Being integrative means that I combine various approaches and tools to meet the individual needs of each client. I offer a safe space for you to discuss your experiences, explore your issues, and perhaps find ways to bring about change and improve your wellbeing. I provide support that is confidential, trusting and non-judgemental. I am fully qualified, and an accredited member of the BACP.
028 9124 4291 View 028 9124 4291
Photo of Laura Stewart, MBACP, Counsellor
Laura Stewart
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
Ballyclare BT39
Hello there, my name is Laura of Through the Woods Therapy NI. Sometimes we can't see the wood for the trees and we may need someone to talk to, to gain a new perspective. Here at Through the Woods Therapy, I offer a confidential, non judgemental and a genuine service, whilst you find your way through these difficult times. I am a fully qualified integrative counsellor who provides a safe therapeutic space for reflection and self discovery and when you are ready I can offer solution focused techniques to move forward. Each person has their own perspective and I offer bespoke therapy unique to each individual and their needs.
Hello there, my name is Laura of Through the Woods Therapy NI. Sometimes we can't see the wood for the trees and we may need someone to talk to, to gain a new perspective. Here at Through the Woods Therapy, I offer a confidential, non judgemental and a genuine service, whilst you find your way through these difficult times. I am a fully qualified integrative counsellor who provides a safe therapeutic space for reflection and self discovery and when you are ready I can offer solution focused techniques to move forward. Each person has their own perspective and I offer bespoke therapy unique to each individual and their needs.
028 9694 3561 View 028 9694 3561
Photo of Sinead Corey - Sinead Corey Play Therapy, MA, PTUK Accred, Counsellor
Sinead Corey Play Therapy
Counsellor, MA, PTUK Accred
Verified Verified
Ballyclare BT39
Hello my name is Sinead and I am an Accredited Play Therapist and Registered SandStory Therapist. I have twenty-six years’ experience in a mainstream primary school where I have specialised as a Nurture Room Teacher. I am experienced in supporting children with Attachment Type Difficulties, Selective Mutism, and children diagnosed with with ASD and ADHD. I have supported children experiencing isolation and bullying and have empowered children to build resilience and develop social skills with their peers. I have extensive knowledge of working with individuals and with small groups of children/young people and their parents.
Hello my name is Sinead and I am an Accredited Play Therapist and Registered SandStory Therapist. I have twenty-six years’ experience in a mainstream primary school where I have specialised as a Nurture Room Teacher. I am experienced in supporting children with Attachment Type Difficulties, Selective Mutism, and children diagnosed with with ASD and ADHD. I have supported children experiencing isolation and bullying and have empowered children to build resilience and develop social skills with their peers. I have extensive knowledge of working with individuals and with small groups of children/young people and their parents.
028 9694 3693 View 028 9694 3693
Photo of John Darby, MNCPS Acc., Counsellor
John Darby
Counsellor, MNCPS Acc.
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Ballyclare BT39
Hello, you have reached my profile and are perhaps considering reaching out for help... I am a fully qualified counsellor with a calm and relaxing practice in a private location between Antrim and Ballymena. You may be struggling with issues such as low self esteem, low self worth, anxiety, relationship concerns, depression or trauma. I am experienced in these and other areas and can help. I believe everyone can feel better when we work together.
Hello, you have reached my profile and are perhaps considering reaching out for help... I am a fully qualified counsellor with a calm and relaxing practice in a private location between Antrim and Ballymena. You may be struggling with issues such as low self esteem, low self worth, anxiety, relationship concerns, depression or trauma. I am experienced in these and other areas and can help. I believe everyone can feel better when we work together.
07912 886475 View 07912 886475
Photo of Julie Halliday - The Breakthrough Project, MNCPS Acc., Counsellor
Julie Halliday - The Breakthrough Project
Counsellor, MNCPS Acc.
Verified Verified
Ballyclare BT39
Thank you for visiting my profile. My name is Julie Halliday and I am a qualified integrative counsellor at The Breakthrough Project. I provide a confidential counselling service based on the belief that you are the expert on your own life and that with help, you will find the solutions to your problems. I will support you on your journey by offering acceptance, non-judgement and a fresh perspective. I provide a safe and secure therapeutic space for self-discovery, reflection and problem-solving to allow you to move forward towards improved wellbeing.
Thank you for visiting my profile. My name is Julie Halliday and I am a qualified integrative counsellor at The Breakthrough Project. I provide a confidential counselling service based on the belief that you are the expert on your own life and that with help, you will find the solutions to your problems. I will support you on your journey by offering acceptance, non-judgement and a fresh perspective. I provide a safe and secure therapeutic space for self-discovery, reflection and problem-solving to allow you to move forward towards improved wellbeing.
028 9433 8764 View 028 9433 8764
Photo of Bea McRandal - Breakthrough Counselling NI, MBACP Accred, Counsellor
Breakthrough Counselling NI
Counsellor, MBACP Accred
Verified Verified
Ballyclare BT39
I am an accredited integrative counsellor, IFS & Sensorimotor Psychotherapy Practitioner. I offer a confidential and understanding service for children, young people and adults who are facing a range of emotional difficulties. There are many reasons why an individual seeks counselling, and I understand that it can feel like a big decision where you may feel nervous, uncertain or vulnerable. My first step is to offer you a safe, non-judgemental space, where you feel able to explore your own thoughts and feelings. This offers you space to understand the underlying feelings that can make you feel low, stuck, empty or overwhelmed.
I am an accredited integrative counsellor, IFS & Sensorimotor Psychotherapy Practitioner. I offer a confidential and understanding service for children, young people and adults who are facing a range of emotional difficulties. There are many reasons why an individual seeks counselling, and I understand that it can feel like a big decision where you may feel nervous, uncertain or vulnerable. My first step is to offer you a safe, non-judgemental space, where you feel able to explore your own thoughts and feelings. This offers you space to understand the underlying feelings that can make you feel low, stuck, empty or overwhelmed.
07450 923335 View 07450 923335
Photo of Davina Bernadette Bolton - DB Counselling Service, MNCPS Acc., Counsellor
DB Counselling Service
Counsellor, MNCPS Acc.
Verified Verified
Ballyclare BT39
Hello and welcome to my profile. I am a qualified integrative counsellor providing a counselling service in the Mid-Ulster area. I have my own private facility which means I can offer a warm, safe, confidential environment where you can explore issues that are impacting on your life. my work is suited to your needs as therapy is individual to you, and what works best for you as an individual. Ensuring the best possible outcome. I can help you gain a better understanding of your feelings and thought processes, and find your own solutions to problems. I will listen and support you without judging or critizing.
Hello and welcome to my profile. I am a qualified integrative counsellor providing a counselling service in the Mid-Ulster area. I have my own private facility which means I can offer a warm, safe, confidential environment where you can explore issues that are impacting on your life. my work is suited to your needs as therapy is individual to you, and what works best for you as an individual. Ensuring the best possible outcome. I can help you gain a better understanding of your feelings and thought processes, and find your own solutions to problems. I will listen and support you without judging or critizing.
07429 764073 View 07429 764073
Photo of Valerie Best, MNCPS Acc., Counsellor
Valerie Best
Counsellor, MNCPS Acc.
Verified Verified
Ballyclare BT39
Life may be difficult or stressful for you at this time and you would like to talk to someone in a confidential and relaxed environment who is not a family member or friend. We can all face obstacles and challenges at different stages in our lives which may cause us to feel depressed, anxious or overwhelmed. I provide a safe and welcoming place where you can take the time to explore your concerns and work out how these may have affected your well being. Through building a mutually trusting relationship we can help bring about a positive outcome for your future.
Life may be difficult or stressful for you at this time and you would like to talk to someone in a confidential and relaxed environment who is not a family member or friend. We can all face obstacles and challenges at different stages in our lives which may cause us to feel depressed, anxious or overwhelmed. I provide a safe and welcoming place where you can take the time to explore your concerns and work out how these may have affected your well being. Through building a mutually trusting relationship we can help bring about a positive outcome for your future.
028 9433 1962 View 028 9433 1962
Photo of Tanya McCann, MBACP, Counsellor
Tanya McCann
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
Ballyclare BT39
Hi, welcome and thank you for visiting my profile. I aim to offer a warm, safe space for you to explore your thoughts, feelings and experiences without any judgement. Through my own personal experience and experience working as a volunteer for PIPS Charity, an Associate Counsellor for Disability Action and private therapist I aim to view your world through my eyes. I will work with you at your own pace, to find a therapy that works for you and by offering my expertise to find clarity in moments when everything seems overwhelming or out of your control.
Hi, welcome and thank you for visiting my profile. I aim to offer a warm, safe space for you to explore your thoughts, feelings and experiences without any judgement. Through my own personal experience and experience working as a volunteer for PIPS Charity, an Associate Counsellor for Disability Action and private therapist I aim to view your world through my eyes. I will work with you at your own pace, to find a therapy that works for you and by offering my expertise to find clarity in moments when everything seems overwhelming or out of your control.
028 9124 4248 View 028 9124 4248
Photo of Mary-Jo Robinson - MJR Cognitive Behavioural Therapist Services (CBT), MBABCP, Psychotherapist
MJR Cognitive Behavioural Therapist Services (CBT)
Psychotherapist, MBABCP
Verified Verified
Ballyclare BT39  (Online Only)
Acknowledging that something doesn't feel quite right and that we may need help and support can be very challenging for us to accept. In a world where anxiety, stress and depression seem all consuming, it can be hard to see a light at the end of a very dark tunnel. Thats were exploring your difficulties with a trained professional can help. Working together as a team, we will work collaboratively to help you reach your goals in therapy and equip you with the tools to become your own therapist.
Acknowledging that something doesn't feel quite right and that we may need help and support can be very challenging for us to accept. In a world where anxiety, stress and depression seem all consuming, it can be hard to see a light at the end of a very dark tunnel. Thats were exploring your difficulties with a trained professional can help. Working together as a team, we will work collaboratively to help you reach your goals in therapy and equip you with the tools to become your own therapist.
028 9279 1488 View 028 9279 1488
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See more therapy options for Ballyclare

How does your Counsellor compare?

Number of Counsellors in Ballyclare

20+

Average cost per session

£45

Counsellors in Ballyclare who prioritize treating:

90% Anxiety
90% Self Esteem
81% Depression
81% Bereavement
81% Stress
71% Relationship Issues
71% Coping Skills

Average years in practice

8 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

67% Aviva
67% AXA PPP
67% Vitality

How Counsellors in Ballyclare see their clients

86% In Person and Online
14% Online Only

Gender breakdown

81% Female
19% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling

How can I find a therapist in Ballyclare?

Search for nearby therapists or counsellors by inputting your city, postcode, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postcode into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are members of the main professional associations, mainly the British Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy (BACP) and the UK Council for Psychotherapy (UKCP). Most Psychologists in the directory are accredited members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and/or are registered in the Health and Care Professions Council (HPCP).

Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given that professional memberships are not a statutory requirement for psychotherapists and counsellors in the UK, certain qualified professionals or organisations may choose not to maintain such memberships despite possessing the necessary qualifications. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?

Counsellors, psychotherapists and psychologists can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and experience that enable them to do so in the UK. Psychologists have earned a degree in psychology and many are members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and have completed a postgraduate qualification in a specialism. Counsellors and Psychotherapists are not required to have a psychology degree, but to belong to a professional organisation such as the BACP or UKCP, they are required to have completed a training course as well as clinical and supervision hours.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the UK could be between £30 - £60 when seeing a counsellor and £60 - £150 and up when seeing a clinical psychologist. If you have private insurance, your plan may cover some if not all of your sessions. You should contact your insurance provider to determine if they provide coverage for therapy sessions and to determine what, if any, requirements they might have in order for your sessions to be covered, such as a referral from your GP or medical specialist.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. The NHS Talking therapies programme offers free of charge counselling for common mental health problems like anxiety and depression. The service is available to anyone registered with a GP, though you do not necessarily need to be referred by your GP and can refer yourself directly to a Talking therapies service. The service will provide different solutions, including group and individual therapy, for a limited number of sessions which are generally up to six.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postcode.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Therapists who are part of a professional organisation such as the BACP, the UKCP, or BPS are bound by an ethical framework that requires them to uphold a confidentiality agreement. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there has been participation in a criminal act or act of terror, or if there is potential or known harm to the client or others, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.