Counselling in Exeter

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Photo of Charlotte Mizen, MSc, MBACP Accred, Counsellor
Charlotte Mizen
Counsellor, MSc, MBACP Accred
Verified Verified
Exeter EX4
We all experience difficult and painful times in life which sometimes feel too hard or overwhelming to manage alone. I have trained and worked as a counsellor and latterly as a psychotherapist with over ten years of clinical experience in private practice, a local therapeutic institution, and as an honorary psychotherapist in the NHS. Depression, anxiety, stress, loss and separation are some of the more difficult issues we come up against in life which can seriously impact the way we live our lives. My approach is psychoanalytically oriented with a focus on increasing self understanding and deepening insight into emotional issues
We all experience difficult and painful times in life which sometimes feel too hard or overwhelming to manage alone. I have trained and worked as a counsellor and latterly as a psychotherapist with over ten years of clinical experience in private practice, a local therapeutic institution, and as an honorary psychotherapist in the NHS. Depression, anxiety, stress, loss and separation are some of the more difficult issues we come up against in life which can seriously impact the way we live our lives. My approach is psychoanalytically oriented with a focus on increasing self understanding and deepening insight into emotional issues
01392 573820 View 01392 573820
Photo of Sarah Hitt, MBACP, Counsellor
Sarah Hitt
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Exeter EX6
Taking the first step to see a counsellor can seem daunting, particularly if you've never done it before. I will support you to explore your feelings and experiences without judgement but with kindness and understanding. Maybe you feel more anxious than usual or there is a specific problem that's troubling you? When we have the opportunity to share how we feel in a safe, confidential environment, it can help us gain a better understanding of ourselves and our relationships, as well as helping us develop our true potential to lead a more fulfilling life.
Taking the first step to see a counsellor can seem daunting, particularly if you've never done it before. I will support you to explore your feelings and experiences without judgement but with kindness and understanding. Maybe you feel more anxious than usual or there is a specific problem that's troubling you? When we have the opportunity to share how we feel in a safe, confidential environment, it can help us gain a better understanding of ourselves and our relationships, as well as helping us develop our true potential to lead a more fulfilling life.
01626 247551 View 01626 247551
Photo of Kay Vickers, MBACP, Psychotherapist
Kay Vickers
Psychotherapist, MBACP
Verified Verified
Exeter EX1
If you are seeking the opportunity to talk matters though in a non judgemental and safe environment, I provide the support and understanding to empower you to consider the issues you wish to explore. Working together to help you gain a deeper understanding of yourself and why you are experiencing the difficulties that you have. Enabling you to develop new methods of coping with these difficulties. We will explore patterns in your thoughts and behaviours which will help you to gain a sense of control and stability in your everyday life. I am a registered member of the BACP and the NCS.
If you are seeking the opportunity to talk matters though in a non judgemental and safe environment, I provide the support and understanding to empower you to consider the issues you wish to explore. Working together to help you gain a deeper understanding of yourself and why you are experiencing the difficulties that you have. Enabling you to develop new methods of coping with these difficulties. We will explore patterns in your thoughts and behaviours which will help you to gain a sense of control and stability in your everyday life. I am a registered member of the BACP and the NCS.
01392 321960 View 01392 321960
Photo of Loraine (Lori) Donohue, BACP, Counsellor
Loraine (Lori) Donohue
Counsellor, BACP
Verified Verified
Exeter EX6  (Online Only)
Are you stuck? Do you want to understand yourself better, and live the best life you can? I believe we all have this potential but sometimes we need some guidance and support. I will listen with empathy, and challenge you at times. All with compassion and non-judgment. Take the first step, you will not regret it.
Are you stuck? Do you want to understand yourself better, and live the best life you can? I believe we all have this potential but sometimes we need some guidance and support. I will listen with empathy, and challenge you at times. All with compassion and non-judgment. Take the first step, you will not regret it.
01392 321854 View 01392 321854
Photo of Toni Wickens - Talk With TJ, MBACP, Counsellor
Talk With TJ
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
Exeter EX2  (Online Only)
Hello and welcome to my profile. Lets get to it. My qualities are - I am a straight talker, honest and have a soft warm side to hold you during difficult moments. Sessions may include humour and lighter conversations as well as the more challenging moments. I can support you when things feel a bit too much, anxiety, bereavement, depression, low mood, loneliness, lifestyle changes and much more. I offer 1 hour sessions via zoom. A free consultation up to 30 minutes via phone and the first session half price at £25.00
Hello and welcome to my profile. Lets get to it. My qualities are - I am a straight talker, honest and have a soft warm side to hold you during difficult moments. Sessions may include humour and lighter conversations as well as the more challenging moments. I can support you when things feel a bit too much, anxiety, bereavement, depression, low mood, loneliness, lifestyle changes and much more. I offer 1 hour sessions via zoom. A free consultation up to 30 minutes via phone and the first session half price at £25.00
01392 321974 View 01392 321974
Photo of Paula Bowen-Scott, MBACP, Counsellor
Paula Bowen-Scott
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
Exeter EX4
I work mainly with adults from all walks of life, all looking to find a more meaningful and fulfilling way of living. Whatever your issues are, together we will explore why you are feeling this way, and work towards change. We will look at what has led to your current issues and what it is you are looking for in order to create those changes. I have a lot of experience working not only face to face but also online and via phone. There is always a choice of a better way of feeling but we sometimes get stuck and unable to find a way forward alone. I can help you to untangle how you are feeling and clear the way for a new path.
I work mainly with adults from all walks of life, all looking to find a more meaningful and fulfilling way of living. Whatever your issues are, together we will explore why you are feeling this way, and work towards change. We will look at what has led to your current issues and what it is you are looking for in order to create those changes. I have a lot of experience working not only face to face but also online and via phone. There is always a choice of a better way of feeling but we sometimes get stuck and unable to find a way forward alone. I can help you to untangle how you are feeling and clear the way for a new path.
01392 719726 View 01392 719726
Photo of Samantha Barlow, MBACP Accred, Counsellor
Samantha Barlow
Counsellor, MBACP Accred
Verified Verified
Exeter EX1
Life can be challenging. I offer a caring environment free from judgment for you to explore your feelings. I will work alongside you to develop life-changing habits and help you become the person you wish to be. I have a special interest in working with relationship difficulties, such as separation, divorce, affairs, control or abuse, stepfamily issues and parenting. I am a Relate trained, CPCAB Level 5 relational counsellor. I also work extensively with life stage transitions, such as adolescence, parenthood, menopause, older adults and bereavement. I am passionate about supporting people on their journey for meaning and purpose.
Life can be challenging. I offer a caring environment free from judgment for you to explore your feelings. I will work alongside you to develop life-changing habits and help you become the person you wish to be. I have a special interest in working with relationship difficulties, such as separation, divorce, affairs, control or abuse, stepfamily issues and parenting. I am a Relate trained, CPCAB Level 5 relational counsellor. I also work extensively with life stage transitions, such as adolescence, parenthood, menopause, older adults and bereavement. I am passionate about supporting people on their journey for meaning and purpose.
01392 321428 View 01392 321428
Photo of Pooni Evans, MBACP Accred, Counsellor
Pooni Evans
Counsellor, MBACP Accred
Verified Verified
Exeter EX1
It’s natural to be apprehensive and nervous about starting counselling. I offer a compassionate, Humanistic and Person -centred, online therapy across the UK or face to face therapy at my practice in Exeter. I work collaboratively with my clients in order to create the most appropriate and effective ways to support them in their place of struggle. Regardless of the issues my clients bring, I always work with them in a confidential place of safety.  I listen without judgement and give them  opportunities to expand their self awareness  through a range of interventions.
It’s natural to be apprehensive and nervous about starting counselling. I offer a compassionate, Humanistic and Person -centred, online therapy across the UK or face to face therapy at my practice in Exeter. I work collaboratively with my clients in order to create the most appropriate and effective ways to support them in their place of struggle. Regardless of the issues my clients bring, I always work with them in a confidential place of safety.  I listen without judgement and give them  opportunities to expand their self awareness  through a range of interventions.
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Photo of Maxine Spencer, MSc, UKCP Trainee, Psychotherapist
Maxine Spencer
Psychotherapist, MSc, UKCP Trainee
Verified Verified
Exeter EX4
Hi, thank you for visiting my profile. If you are looking for a therapist to work through aspects of your life that are causing you distress, if you are feeling out of control or you are trying to make sense of your feelings and you want to work through these issues, let's see if I can help you. I offer a free, no obligation initial consultation. If you want to take it further, with regular sessions, I can offer in-depth, relational counselling and psychotherapy. This would be, either face to face sessions from The Practice Rooms in Exeter, online via zoom or walk and talk in and around the beautiful Torbay coastline.
Hi, thank you for visiting my profile. If you are looking for a therapist to work through aspects of your life that are causing you distress, if you are feeling out of control or you are trying to make sense of your feelings and you want to work through these issues, let's see if I can help you. I offer a free, no obligation initial consultation. If you want to take it further, with regular sessions, I can offer in-depth, relational counselling and psychotherapy. This would be, either face to face sessions from The Practice Rooms in Exeter, online via zoom or walk and talk in and around the beautiful Torbay coastline.
01392 321118 View 01392 321118
Photo of James Yates, MBACP, Psychotherapist
James Yates
Psychotherapist, MBACP
Verified Verified
Exeter EX4
What does it mean to be yourself in a society that discourages self-expression? To live in a world that disconnects us from each other and from ourselves. A world that distracts us from what’s important and meaningful. The messages we receive from people is not ‘be who you are’, but instead ‘be what I need’. In such a place, being ourselves is a revolutionary act. In what ways are people telling us to be what they need? I’m glad you asked. It can be as simple as a raised eyebrow, or a disparaging look. Or more obvious do’s and don’ts. We get the message.
What does it mean to be yourself in a society that discourages self-expression? To live in a world that disconnects us from each other and from ourselves. A world that distracts us from what’s important and meaningful. The messages we receive from people is not ‘be who you are’, but instead ‘be what I need’. In such a place, being ourselves is a revolutionary act. In what ways are people telling us to be what they need? I’m glad you asked. It can be as simple as a raised eyebrow, or a disparaging look. Or more obvious do’s and don’ts. We get the message.
01392 321330 View 01392 321330
Photo of James Seal, MBACP, Counsellor
James Seal
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Exeter EX4
My own experiences of therapy have taught me that my own change and growth became possible when i could open and relax into a felt sense of trust and safety. I appreciate that if you are struggling now or have suffered in the past- to open yourself up to- and risk trusting another might bring mixed feelings of hope and fear. Yet, to take a step into the unknown is the invitation and challenge of therapy. I have been a client; in my experience the risk i took set out upon the adventure of counselling has been an acceptable one and the rewards are great.
My own experiences of therapy have taught me that my own change and growth became possible when i could open and relax into a felt sense of trust and safety. I appreciate that if you are struggling now or have suffered in the past- to open yourself up to- and risk trusting another might bring mixed feelings of hope and fear. Yet, to take a step into the unknown is the invitation and challenge of therapy. I have been a client; in my experience the risk i took set out upon the adventure of counselling has been an acceptable one and the rewards are great.
01392 321235 View 01392 321235
Photo of Mo Ostler, MBACP, Psychotherapist
Mo Ostler
Psychotherapist, MBACP
Verified Verified
Exeter EX6
Hello; a warm welcome to my profile. Perhaps you are trying to change something in your life; perhaps you are wanting to give up old habits or create new ones. Maybe you are struggling with something, or perhaps you just want to take a look at your life and assess or reassess it. Together we can work out a way forward; by looking at and following your cues, which you may or may not be aware of right now, we can map a path that feels right for you. I truly believe that everyone carries their own answers within them; we just need to find out what they are!
Hello; a warm welcome to my profile. Perhaps you are trying to change something in your life; perhaps you are wanting to give up old habits or create new ones. Maybe you are struggling with something, or perhaps you just want to take a look at your life and assess or reassess it. Together we can work out a way forward; by looking at and following your cues, which you may or may not be aware of right now, we can map a path that feels right for you. I truly believe that everyone carries their own answers within them; we just need to find out what they are!
01952 454721 View 01952 454721
Photo of Amy Moyes, MBACP, Psychotherapist
Amy Moyes
Psychotherapist, MBACP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Exeter EX1
You deserve to be free from anything standing in the way of you being true to and at peace with yourself. Perhaps you are feeling like you have lost this, or aren’t sure you have found it within just yet. Maybe you want to voice and explore something which is particularly challenging you. Whatever has brought you here, I would like to provide a supportive space for you to express it. I am an Integrative Counsellor/Psychotherapist, which means I draw on a range of approaches, including creative arts if this is something you are interested in trying. Most importantly, the way we work together must feel right for you.
You deserve to be free from anything standing in the way of you being true to and at peace with yourself. Perhaps you are feeling like you have lost this, or aren’t sure you have found it within just yet. Maybe you want to voice and explore something which is particularly challenging you. Whatever has brought you here, I would like to provide a supportive space for you to express it. I am an Integrative Counsellor/Psychotherapist, which means I draw on a range of approaches, including creative arts if this is something you are interested in trying. Most importantly, the way we work together must feel right for you.
01392 719594 View 01392 719594
Photo of Lou Stacey - Lou Stacey Counselling and Clinical Supervision, BACP, Counsellor
Lou Stacey Counselling and Clinical Supervision
Counsellor, BACP
Verified Verified
Exeter EX6
Hello. My name is Lou. I would like to support you. If you are feeling vulnerable or are in need of some help; maybe things are no longer in your control, than please get in touch. Not being able to trust or understand your own thoughts and feelings, yet finding yourself stuck in them, can be very overwhelming and I would like to support and help you find some peace and calm, so you can re-connect to yourself and your world around you again without so much pain, fear or sadness. I am available face to face in Exminster, as well as Telephone or Online via Zoom. Email me for further details or visit my website.
Hello. My name is Lou. I would like to support you. If you are feeling vulnerable or are in need of some help; maybe things are no longer in your control, than please get in touch. Not being able to trust or understand your own thoughts and feelings, yet finding yourself stuck in them, can be very overwhelming and I would like to support and help you find some peace and calm, so you can re-connect to yourself and your world around you again without so much pain, fear or sadness. I am available face to face in Exminster, as well as Telephone or Online via Zoom. Email me for further details or visit my website.
01392 573839 View 01392 573839
Photo of Gillian Mather, MBACP Accred, Psychotherapist
Gillian Mather
Psychotherapist, MBACP Accred
Verified Verified
Exeter EX4
I am an Accredited BACP counsellor, psychotherapist & eating disorder practitioner. I provide a confidential counselling and psychotherapy service in a safe and comfortable setting. I have experience in working with many issues including but not limited to- anxiety, abuse, depression, affairs/betrayals, love & loss, low self esteem, work related issues, OCD, bereavement. I am also a Master Practitioner for all aspects of eating disorders- Anorexia, Bulimia, Binge eating, Obesity and other associated issues such as anxiety, depression, low self esteem and body image problems.
I am an Accredited BACP counsellor, psychotherapist & eating disorder practitioner. I provide a confidential counselling and psychotherapy service in a safe and comfortable setting. I have experience in working with many issues including but not limited to- anxiety, abuse, depression, affairs/betrayals, love & loss, low self esteem, work related issues, OCD, bereavement. I am also a Master Practitioner for all aspects of eating disorders- Anorexia, Bulimia, Binge eating, Obesity and other associated issues such as anxiety, depression, low self esteem and body image problems.
07480 534009 View 07480 534009
Photo of Finn Buchanan, UKCP Trainee, Counsellor
Finn Buchanan
Counsellor, UKCP Trainee
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Exeter EX4
When events in life are overwhelming we can feel frozen, scattered or out of connection with ourselves. Coping mechanisms which served us at one point can become redundant & damaging, leaving us stuck in patterns of self destructive behaviour.
When events in life are overwhelming we can feel frozen, scattered or out of connection with ourselves. Coping mechanisms which served us at one point can become redundant & damaging, leaving us stuck in patterns of self destructive behaviour.
0117 463 7129 View 0117 463 7129
Photo of Karys Varker, MSc, MBACP Accred, Counsellor
Karys Varker
Counsellor, MSc, MBACP Accred
Verified Verified
Exeter EX4
Do you want to relieve pain and distress caused by depression and anxiety? Do you want to work towards a better relationship with your loved ones or have a space to talk openly about what you’re currently experiencing in life? Are you feeling alone with what you’re experiencing, and would you like to be listened to in a manner free from judgement and opinion? My name is Karys Varker and I'm a qualified Integrative Counsellor and Psychotherapist offering counselling and psychological therapies to individuals in the heart of Exeter and online.
Do you want to relieve pain and distress caused by depression and anxiety? Do you want to work towards a better relationship with your loved ones or have a space to talk openly about what you’re currently experiencing in life? Are you feeling alone with what you’re experiencing, and would you like to be listened to in a manner free from judgement and opinion? My name is Karys Varker and I'm a qualified Integrative Counsellor and Psychotherapist offering counselling and psychological therapies to individuals in the heart of Exeter and online.
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Photo of Anne-Marie Lorenzo, MNCPS Acc., Counsellor
Anne-Marie Lorenzo
Counsellor, MNCPS Acc.
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Exeter EX4
Hi! Welcome to Embark Exeter - Canine Assisted Therapy. You've made a huge leap towards investigating what's troubling you, just be being here - reading this. I see my job as helping you to "unpack" and explore your past and present, and look to the future. I can promise you that I won't judge you, and will treat you with care, sensitivity, compassion and honesty. I have a wealth of lived experiences that have brought me to where I am today, and I am passionate about the empowerment, healing and personal growth that the counselling relationship can bring.
Hi! Welcome to Embark Exeter - Canine Assisted Therapy. You've made a huge leap towards investigating what's troubling you, just be being here - reading this. I see my job as helping you to "unpack" and explore your past and present, and look to the future. I can promise you that I won't judge you, and will treat you with care, sensitivity, compassion and honesty. I have a wealth of lived experiences that have brought me to where I am today, and I am passionate about the empowerment, healing and personal growth that the counselling relationship can bring.
01392 321719 View 01392 321719
Photo of Pamela Phillips, MBACP, Counsellor
Pamela Phillips
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
Exeter EX1
I work with adults offering counselling for all manner of issues that may be causing distress, confusion, grief or a feeling of being stuck. The counselling relationship is one where we start to feel safe enough to begin to be able to notice and explore our situation from different perspectives. This can be a relief, and transformative in so many ways.
I work with adults offering counselling for all manner of issues that may be causing distress, confusion, grief or a feeling of being stuck. The counselling relationship is one where we start to feel safe enough to begin to be able to notice and explore our situation from different perspectives. This can be a relief, and transformative in so many ways.
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Photo of Sarah Lane - Sarah Lane MBACP Counselling & Mindfulness, MSc, MBACP, Counsellor
Sarah Lane MBACP Counselling & Mindfulness
Counsellor, MSc, MBACP
Verified Verified
Exeter EX4
I offer affordable integrative counselling, which helps with overcoming difficulties such as low mood, anxiety, poor self-esteem, bereavement and relationship issues. You may be lacking direction in your life at the moment, it may seem meaningless or you might feel low in confidence. Perhaps you are looking to find some clarity around what's important to you and to explore how you can bring more of this into your life? Or maybe you want to improve how you feel about yourself? Or perhaps you need a warm and compassionate space where you can fully feel your grief to be able to start to move forwards in life again?
I offer affordable integrative counselling, which helps with overcoming difficulties such as low mood, anxiety, poor self-esteem, bereavement and relationship issues. You may be lacking direction in your life at the moment, it may seem meaningless or you might feel low in confidence. Perhaps you are looking to find some clarity around what's important to you and to explore how you can bring more of this into your life? Or maybe you want to improve how you feel about yourself? Or perhaps you need a warm and compassionate space where you can fully feel your grief to be able to start to move forwards in life again?
01392 531552 View 01392 531552
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See more therapy options for Exeter

How does your Counsellor compare?

Number of Counsellors in Exeter

200+

Average cost per session

£55

Counsellors in Exeter who prioritize treating:

91% Anxiety
89% Depression
85% Self Esteem
82% Stress
77% Relationship Issues
70% Bereavement
69% Trauma and PTSD

Average years in practice

7 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

57% AXA PPP
49% Aviva
45% Bupa

How Counsellors in Exeter see their clients

80% In Person and Online
20% Online Only

Gender breakdown

79% Female
20% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling

How can I find a therapist in Exeter?

Search for nearby therapists or counsellors by inputting your city, postcode, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postcode into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are members of the main professional associations, mainly the British Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy (BACP) and the UK Council for Psychotherapy (UKCP). Most Psychologists in the directory are accredited members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and/or are registered in the Health and Care Professions Council (HPCP).

Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given that professional memberships are not a statutory requirement for psychotherapists and counsellors in the UK, certain qualified professionals or organisations may choose not to maintain such memberships despite possessing the necessary qualifications. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?

Counsellors, psychotherapists and psychologists can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and experience that enable them to do so in the UK. Psychologists have earned a degree in psychology and many are members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and have completed a postgraduate qualification in a specialism. Counsellors and Psychotherapists are not required to have a psychology degree, but to belong to a professional organisation such as the BACP or UKCP, they are required to have completed a training course as well as clinical and supervision hours.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the UK could be between £30 - £60 when seeing a counsellor and £60 - £150 and up when seeing a clinical psychologist. If you have private insurance, your plan may cover some if not all of your sessions. You should contact your insurance provider to determine if they provide coverage for therapy sessions and to determine what, if any, requirements they might have in order for your sessions to be covered, such as a referral from your GP or medical specialist.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. The NHS Talking therapies programme offers free of charge counselling for common mental health problems like anxiety and depression. The service is available to anyone registered with a GP, though you do not necessarily need to be referred by your GP and can refer yourself directly to a Talking therapies service. The service will provide different solutions, including group and individual therapy, for a limited number of sessions which are generally up to six.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postcode.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Therapists who are part of a professional organisation such as the BACP, the UKCP, or BPS are bound by an ethical framework that requires them to uphold a confidentiality agreement. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there has been participation in a criminal act or act of terror, or if there is potential or known harm to the client or others, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.