Photo of Bo Bloomfield, MBACP Snr. Accred, Counsellor
Bo Bloomfield
Counsellor, MBACP Snr. Accred
Verified Verified
Otley LS21  (Online Only)
I am a senior accredited Relational and EMDR Therapist with 26 years unbroken practice. I have worked for 10 years in the NHS and for 23 years in private practice. I am interested in and have experience of working with trauma. I completed the EMDR Europe Standard Accredited Training and work with a wide range of mental health issues and with post-traumatic stress. EMDR can help with recovery from distressing life events as well as flashbacks, upsetting thoughts or images, depression or anxiety. The number and length of sessions needed will depend on the type and severity of trauma which has been experienced.
I am a senior accredited Relational and EMDR Therapist with 26 years unbroken practice. I have worked for 10 years in the NHS and for 23 years in private practice. I am interested in and have experience of working with trauma. I completed the EMDR Europe Standard Accredited Training and work with a wide range of mental health issues and with post-traumatic stress. EMDR can help with recovery from distressing life events as well as flashbacks, upsetting thoughts or images, depression or anxiety. The number and length of sessions needed will depend on the type and severity of trauma which has been experienced.
01484 627103 View 01484 627103
Photo of Lindsay Bailey - Selah Counselling Services, MNCPS Acc., Counsellor
Selah Counselling Services
Counsellor, MNCPS Acc.
Verified Verified
Otley LS21  (Online Only)
Hello, my name is Lindsay & I am passionate about people changing & improving aspects of their lives. I work with an integrative approach which will be tailored to my client’s individual needs. I create a safe non-judgmental place for you to explore not only the problems you are facing but also the causes behind the issues. I will help you begin to process your experiences, become more self-aware & help empower you to bring positive change to your life & thinking patterns, all at a pace that suites you.
Hello, my name is Lindsay & I am passionate about people changing & improving aspects of their lives. I work with an integrative approach which will be tailored to my client’s individual needs. I create a safe non-judgmental place for you to explore not only the problems you are facing but also the causes behind the issues. I will help you begin to process your experiences, become more self-aware & help empower you to bring positive change to your life & thinking patterns, all at a pace that suites you.
01473 943364 View 01473 943364
Photo of Jane Graham, MSc, MUKCP, Psychotherapist
Jane Graham
Psychotherapist, MSc, MUKCP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Otley LS21
I am an integrative psychotherapist with a child & young person specialism and an adult psychotherapeutic counsellor. I was a primary school teacher for 24 years and have knowledge and understanding of the many complexities impacting young people, parents and those working with them. I have worked therapeutically with all ages. Whatever our age or stage in life, there are times when we encounter challenges or struggles. These can be confusing, cause anxiety or a feeling of being stuck. We can suffer from low self-esteem and need support in improving resilience, communication and relationships and gain an improved sense of wellbeing.
I am an integrative psychotherapist with a child & young person specialism and an adult psychotherapeutic counsellor. I was a primary school teacher for 24 years and have knowledge and understanding of the many complexities impacting young people, parents and those working with them. I have worked therapeutically with all ages. Whatever our age or stage in life, there are times when we encounter challenges or struggles. These can be confusing, cause anxiety or a feeling of being stuck. We can suffer from low self-esteem and need support in improving resilience, communication and relationships and gain an improved sense of wellbeing.
View
Photo of Victoria Gilder, HCPC - Clin. Psych., Psychologist
Victoria Gilder
Psychologist, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Otley LS21
Hello, I'm Victoria. Making that first step towards getting support can be daunting- it can be difficult to know what you need. The most important factor is finding a therapist who you can build a trusting and safe relationship with and that will be an important part of our work together. I'm an HCPC registered Clinical Psychologist with over 15 years experience. I offer a safe and confidential service to adults experiencing a wide variety of mental health difficulties. I'm interested in understanding the ways your experiences in life have influenced how you've learned to navigate your relationships and the world.
Hello, I'm Victoria. Making that first step towards getting support can be daunting- it can be difficult to know what you need. The most important factor is finding a therapist who you can build a trusting and safe relationship with and that will be an important part of our work together. I'm an HCPC registered Clinical Psychologist with over 15 years experience. I offer a safe and confidential service to adults experiencing a wide variety of mental health difficulties. I'm interested in understanding the ways your experiences in life have influenced how you've learned to navigate your relationships and the world.
0113 467 8408 View 0113 467 8408
Photo of Rachel Spence, MBACP, Counsellor
Rachel Spence
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
Otley LS21
I am a Relate trained counsellor experienced at working with both couples and individuals. I offer a down-to-earth, forward thinking, non-directive approach. I endeavour to create a warm, non-judgemental therapeutic relationship where we can focus on you and your situation. I will work with you to understand your concerns, your deeper needs and how they are affecting your life and relationships.I see my role as supportive of your change, offering change to explore feelings and experiences in a safe, confidential space. I have worked with clients from the LGBT community and from diverse backgrounds.
I am a Relate trained counsellor experienced at working with both couples and individuals. I offer a down-to-earth, forward thinking, non-directive approach. I endeavour to create a warm, non-judgemental therapeutic relationship where we can focus on you and your situation. I will work with you to understand your concerns, your deeper needs and how they are affecting your life and relationships.I see my role as supportive of your change, offering change to explore feelings and experiences in a safe, confidential space. I have worked with clients from the LGBT community and from diverse backgrounds.
0113 467 9116 View 0113 467 9116
Photo of Fiona Wilby, MA, MBACP, Psychotherapist
Fiona Wilby
Psychotherapist, MA, MBACP
Verified Verified
Otley LS21
Are you feeling fed up and are ready to make a change in your life, or with the way you feel? I can help with anxiety, stress, low mood and depression by working on emotional regulation through both talking to work out why you are feeling the way you are and through practical techniques. We can work together through any areas of your life, from childhood through to the present day. I can also help with support for grief, loss or bereavement, or relationship issues, decision making and planning skills.
Are you feeling fed up and are ready to make a change in your life, or with the way you feel? I can help with anxiety, stress, low mood and depression by working on emotional regulation through both talking to work out why you are feeling the way you are and through practical techniques. We can work together through any areas of your life, from childhood through to the present day. I can also help with support for grief, loss or bereavement, or relationship issues, decision making and planning skills.
0113 467 8526 View 0113 467 8526
Photo of Anna Liuba, MA, HCPC-Art Therap., Psychotherapist
Anna Liuba
Psychotherapist, MA, HCPC-Art Therap.
Verified Verified
Otley LS21
Clients who can use art psychotherapy may have a wide range of difficulties, disabilities or diagnoses. These include, for example emotional, behavioural or mental health problems, PTSD, relationship issues, difficult experiences such as historical abuse or bereavement, life-limiting conditions and physical illness. It is not a recreational activity or an art lesson, although the sessions can be enjoyable. Clients do not need to have any previous experience or expertise in art so please don't be put off by the word 'art'. There is no pressure to use the art materials, sometimes just talking is enough.
Clients who can use art psychotherapy may have a wide range of difficulties, disabilities or diagnoses. These include, for example emotional, behavioural or mental health problems, PTSD, relationship issues, difficult experiences such as historical abuse or bereavement, life-limiting conditions and physical illness. It is not a recreational activity or an art lesson, although the sessions can be enjoyable. Clients do not need to have any previous experience or expertise in art so please don't be put off by the word 'art'. There is no pressure to use the art materials, sometimes just talking is enough.
07427 701087 View 07427 701087
Photo of Tracy Sapier, MBACP Accred, Psychotherapist
Tracy Sapier
Psychotherapist, MBACP Accred
Verified Verified
Otley LS21
I trained as a person-centred counsellor, which simply means our sessions are all about you. I’d like to welcome you to a confidential and non-judgemental safe space where you can talk freely to explore your inner-self. Together, we can discover any underlying issues behind the difficulties you are experiencing and by overcoming the ghosts of your past, you will be in a better place to move forward with your life.Having counselling enables you to rediscover yourself in a safe place, where you can go at your own pace and allow yourself to release your true emotions that you may have locked away.
I trained as a person-centred counsellor, which simply means our sessions are all about you. I’d like to welcome you to a confidential and non-judgemental safe space where you can talk freely to explore your inner-self. Together, we can discover any underlying issues behind the difficulties you are experiencing and by overcoming the ghosts of your past, you will be in a better place to move forward with your life.Having counselling enables you to rediscover yourself in a safe place, where you can go at your own pace and allow yourself to release your true emotions that you may have locked away.
0113 487 2769 View 0113 487 2769
Photo of Julia de los Rios, MBACP, Counsellor
Julia de los Rios
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
Otley LS21
Waitlist for new clients
Reaching out for help takes courage, particularly if your self-esteem and confidence are low. But, if you want to make changes in your life then you may need support. People come to counselling for all sorts of reasons; anxiety, relationship issues, depression, bereavement, trauma etc. Perhaps you feel inhibited, have unhealthy patterns of behaviour or your emotions may be hijacking your ability to respond and keep perspective. Whatever the reason, the chances are you are feeling deeply distressed. You don’t have to keep struggling alone. Together we can work out what is causing you to feel threatened, overwhelmed or empty.
Reaching out for help takes courage, particularly if your self-esteem and confidence are low. But, if you want to make changes in your life then you may need support. People come to counselling for all sorts of reasons; anxiety, relationship issues, depression, bereavement, trauma etc. Perhaps you feel inhibited, have unhealthy patterns of behaviour or your emotions may be hijacking your ability to respond and keep perspective. Whatever the reason, the chances are you are feeling deeply distressed. You don’t have to keep struggling alone. Together we can work out what is causing you to feel threatened, overwhelmed or empty.
0113 320 6027 View 0113 320 6027
Photo of Gillian Parkin, BACP, Psychotherapist
Gillian Parkin
Psychotherapist, BACP
Verified Verified
Otley LS21
We all have those times in our life when things get on top of us. We feel overwhelmed and maybe unable to cope. As a qualified counsellor & psychotherapist, I believe that by giving you a genuinely safe, non-judgmental space to explore and talk and unpack what’s troubling, together we can find you new ways of thinking or acting that will help you to feel better. Whether that’s building self-esteem; coping & living with anxiety and depression or dealing with a difficult life event, my intention is to work with you to find the resilience & skills you need to make changes that stick.
We all have those times in our life when things get on top of us. We feel overwhelmed and maybe unable to cope. As a qualified counsellor & psychotherapist, I believe that by giving you a genuinely safe, non-judgmental space to explore and talk and unpack what’s troubling, together we can find you new ways of thinking or acting that will help you to feel better. Whether that’s building self-esteem; coping & living with anxiety and depression or dealing with a difficult life event, my intention is to work with you to find the resilience & skills you need to make changes that stick.
01943 666872 View 01943 666872
Photo of Stuart Gore, HCPC - Couns. Psych., Psychologist
Stuart Gore
Psychologist, HCPC - Couns. Psych.
Verified Verified
Are you struggling with heightened anxiety, low mood, anger, addition or other emotional issues? I offer psychological therapy to help you on your way to improved emotional wellbeing. Engaging in therapy can help improve your day to day mood, your sleep, increase motivation and enhance your relationships.
Are you struggling with heightened anxiety, low mood, anger, addition or other emotional issues? I offer psychological therapy to help you on your way to improved emotional wellbeing. Engaging in therapy can help improve your day to day mood, your sleep, increase motivation and enhance your relationships.
01484 240344 View 01484 240344
Photo of Sarah Jane Naylor - Nurture Growth Compassion, MSc, MBACP, Psychotherapist
Nurture Growth Compassion
Psychotherapist, MSc, MBACP
Verified Verified
Otley LS21
At times we all feel vulnerable in life and taking that first step to access support can feel daunting. Therapy may help if you are feeling like you have lost your way, feel unsettled, or you may be experiencing more intense feelings such as anxiety or depression. You may have experienced trauma (recently or in the past), or you may be in a life transition such as parenthood or retirement. I have a specialist interest and experience in antenatal, postnatal and parenting difficulties and have over 10 years’ experience working specifically in this area in the NHS.
At times we all feel vulnerable in life and taking that first step to access support can feel daunting. Therapy may help if you are feeling like you have lost your way, feel unsettled, or you may be experiencing more intense feelings such as anxiety or depression. You may have experienced trauma (recently or in the past), or you may be in a life transition such as parenthood or retirement. I have a specialist interest and experience in antenatal, postnatal and parenting difficulties and have over 10 years’ experience working specifically in this area in the NHS.
0113 519 3584 View 0113 519 3584
Photo of Clare Eaton - Eaton Psychotherapy, MA, MBABCP, Psychotherapist
Eaton Psychotherapy
Psychotherapist, MA, MBABCP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Otley LS21
Are you struggling with anxiety or low mood? Are you having difficult and intrusive thoughts that are interfering with your day to day life and making it hard for you to focus or enjoy things? Have you been through a traumatic experience that is impacting your life in the here and now that you are struggling to process? I would love to work with you to help you to overcome the difficulty that you are having.
Are you struggling with anxiety or low mood? Are you having difficult and intrusive thoughts that are interfering with your day to day life and making it hard for you to focus or enjoy things? Have you been through a traumatic experience that is impacting your life in the here and now that you are struggling to process? I would love to work with you to help you to overcome the difficulty that you are having.
01943 661900 View 01943 661900
Photo of Adele McGovern, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych., Psychologist
Adele McGovern
Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Otley LS21
My clients say they feel safe with me and that I have really helped them gain deeper self-knowledge and self-regard, and to feel better. I have an LGBT+ and neurodivergent - friendly, warm, nurturing style. I don't judge you, I want to hear you, and value you, and genuinely help. I'm trained in different therapeutic approaches, so I fit the approach to you, not to other way around. I'm best at being honest, safe, and alongside you as I help you to deeply understand yourself. From those foundations we build up a better psychological safety for you. We do therapy, and you work toward your goals with me, knowing I am on your team.
My clients say they feel safe with me and that I have really helped them gain deeper self-knowledge and self-regard, and to feel better. I have an LGBT+ and neurodivergent - friendly, warm, nurturing style. I don't judge you, I want to hear you, and value you, and genuinely help. I'm trained in different therapeutic approaches, so I fit the approach to you, not to other way around. I'm best at being honest, safe, and alongside you as I help you to deeply understand yourself. From those foundations we build up a better psychological safety for you. We do therapy, and you work toward your goals with me, knowing I am on your team.
01473 943374 View 01473 943374
Photo of Frank Brinkley, MBACP, Counsellor
Frank Brinkley
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
Otley LS21
Is there something troubling or upsetting you, a part of your life you find yourself unable to ignore or make sense of? Perhaps you’re feeling as though happiness and fulfilment are somehow out of reach, or you’re struggling with longer-term challenges, such as stress, anxiety, low mood or depression. All of these issues, and more, can be addressed in counselling.
Is there something troubling or upsetting you, a part of your life you find yourself unable to ignore or make sense of? Perhaps you’re feeling as though happiness and fulfilment are somehow out of reach, or you’re struggling with longer-term challenges, such as stress, anxiety, low mood or depression. All of these issues, and more, can be addressed in counselling.
01729 810437 View 01729 810437
Photo of Millie McLean, MBACP, Psychotherapist
Millie McLean
Psychotherapist, MBACP
Verified Verified
Otley LS21
I understand that the decision to start therapy is rarely made lightly, and taking that first step can feel overwhelming. You may be feeling apprehensive, anxious, and sceptical about sharing your innermost thoughts and emotions with a stranger. It takes immense courage to be vulnerable and talk about the difficulties you are experiencing, and I want you to know that I fully appreciate and respect your decision to seek help. You might be facing a specific problem that you want to address, such as relationship issues, anxiety. Alternatively, you may have a sense that something in your life is not quite right, but cannot identify it.
I understand that the decision to start therapy is rarely made lightly, and taking that first step can feel overwhelming. You may be feeling apprehensive, anxious, and sceptical about sharing your innermost thoughts and emotions with a stranger. It takes immense courage to be vulnerable and talk about the difficulties you are experiencing, and I want you to know that I fully appreciate and respect your decision to seek help. You might be facing a specific problem that you want to address, such as relationship issues, anxiety. Alternatively, you may have a sense that something in your life is not quite right, but cannot identify it.
01943 661329 View 01943 661329
Photo of Dr Tom Mountjoy, HCPC - Clin. Psych., Psychologist
Dr Tom Mountjoy
Psychologist, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Otley LS21
Dr. Tom Mountjoy is a Registered Clinical Psychologist and Chartered Psychologist with substantial experience within mental health, clinical health psychology, and neuropsychology settings. He provides assessment and therapy input covering a range of psychological issues, including treatment for anxiety and depression, and workplace difficulties. Tom has additional interests in acquired brain injury, neurological conditions, chronic health conditions and adjustment to living with disability.
Dr. Tom Mountjoy is a Registered Clinical Psychologist and Chartered Psychologist with substantial experience within mental health, clinical health psychology, and neuropsychology settings. He provides assessment and therapy input covering a range of psychological issues, including treatment for anxiety and depression, and workplace difficulties. Tom has additional interests in acquired brain injury, neurological conditions, chronic health conditions and adjustment to living with disability.
0113 519 4557 View 0113 519 4557
Photo of Rupert Fishwick, MBACP, Counsellor
Rupert Fishwick
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Otley LS21
I understand how difficult it can be to reach out and find the right therapist. I’m here to provide a safe, supportive environment tailored to your unique journey. Together, we’ll work through your challenges, empowering you to make informed decisions and achieve lasting change. I can support you when perhaps you feel you don't have anyone to discuss your thoughts and feelings with. Other people may try and give you a solution and fix the concern, when really you just need someone to listen without fear or judgment. If you are part of the emergency Services please reach out I have 20yrs experience in service and can relate.
I understand how difficult it can be to reach out and find the right therapist. I’m here to provide a safe, supportive environment tailored to your unique journey. Together, we’ll work through your challenges, empowering you to make informed decisions and achieve lasting change. I can support you when perhaps you feel you don't have anyone to discuss your thoughts and feelings with. Other people may try and give you a solution and fix the concern, when really you just need someone to listen without fear or judgment. If you are part of the emergency Services please reach out I have 20yrs experience in service and can relate.
01937 221306 View 01937 221306
Photo of Phil McQuillan, MBACP, Counsellor
Phil McQuillan
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
Otley LS21
I am a qualified integrative psychotherapist with previous experience of working an NHS and a university setting. I work with adults and young people 17+, who come to see me about anxiety, panic attacks, stress, trauma, relationship issues, difficulties at work, identity, low confidence, bereavement, depression, issues stemming from neurodiversity and people seeking personal development.
I am a qualified integrative psychotherapist with previous experience of working an NHS and a university setting. I work with adults and young people 17+, who come to see me about anxiety, panic attacks, stress, trauma, relationship issues, difficulties at work, identity, low confidence, bereavement, depression, issues stemming from neurodiversity and people seeking personal development.
01943 661246 View 01943 661246
Photo of Tom Walker, MA, MBACP, Counsellor
Tom Walker
Counsellor, MA, MBACP
Verified Verified
Otley LS21
Hey there, I'm Tom Walker, and I'm not just a counsellor; I'm your companion on the journey to better mental well-being. As a friendly and adaptable counsellor, I understand the importance of creating a safe and supportive space for you. The sessions will be adapted to you, allowing you to take as much or little time as you need during sessions. Our sessions are relaxed and informal, with us working around the presenting issues delicately and collaboratively. My hope for counselling is for you to experience meaningful change in areas of your life that are causing you distress and suffering.
Hey there, I'm Tom Walker, and I'm not just a counsellor; I'm your companion on the journey to better mental well-being. As a friendly and adaptable counsellor, I understand the importance of creating a safe and supportive space for you. The sessions will be adapted to you, allowing you to take as much or little time as you need during sessions. Our sessions are relaxed and informal, with us working around the presenting issues delicately and collaboratively. My hope for counselling is for you to experience meaningful change in areas of your life that are causing you distress and suffering.
0191 743 6247 View 0191 743 6247
1

See more therapy options for LS21

How does your Counsellor compare?

Number of Counsellors in LS21

30+

Average cost per session

£55

Counsellors in LS21 who prioritize treating:

91% Anxiety
88% Depression
78% Self Esteem
75% Relationship Issues
75% Stress
66% Bereavement
59% Trauma and PTSD

Average years in practice

9 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

88% Aviva
88% AXA PPP
63% Bupa

How Counsellors in LS21 see their clients

85% In Person and Online
15% Online Only

Gender breakdown

65% Female
35% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling

How can I find a therapist in LS21?

Search for nearby therapists or counsellors by inputting your city, postcode, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postcode into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are members of the main professional associations, mainly the British Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy (BACP) and the UK Council for Psychotherapy (UKCP). Most Psychologists in the directory are accredited members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and/or are registered in the Health and Care Professions Council (HPCP).

Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given that professional memberships are not a statutory requirement for psychotherapists and counsellors in the UK, certain qualified professionals or organisations may choose not to maintain such memberships despite possessing the necessary qualifications. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?

Counsellors, psychotherapists and psychologists can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and experience that enable them to do so in the UK. Psychologists have earned a degree in psychology and many are members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and have completed a postgraduate qualification in a specialism. Counsellors and Psychotherapists are not required to have a psychology degree, but to belong to a professional organisation such as the BACP or UKCP, they are required to have completed a training course as well as clinical and supervision hours.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the UK could be between £30 - £60 when seeing a counsellor and £60 - £150 and up when seeing a clinical psychologist. If you have private insurance, your plan may cover some if not all of your sessions. You should contact your insurance provider to determine if they provide coverage for therapy sessions and to determine what, if any, requirements they might have in order for your sessions to be covered, such as a referral from your GP or medical specialist.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. The NHS Talking therapies programme offers free of charge counselling for common mental health problems like anxiety and depression. The service is available to anyone registered with a GP, though you do not necessarily need to be referred by your GP and can refer yourself directly to a Talking therapies service. The service will provide different solutions, including group and individual therapy, for a limited number of sessions which are generally up to six.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postcode.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Therapists who are part of a professional organisation such as the BACP, the UKCP, or BPS are bound by an ethical framework that requires them to uphold a confidentiality agreement. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there has been participation in a criminal act or act of terror, or if there is potential or known harm to the client or others, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.