Counselling in London

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Photo of James Tapper, MSc, FMBPsS, Psychologist
James Tapper
Psychologist, MSc, FMBPsS
Verified Verified
London SW6
Talking to a trained listener and counselor can be the key to overcoming anxiety, depression, bereavement, uncertainty in work or relationships or sorting your direction in life. As a trained psychologist and business person with 40 years experience I can provide an informed point of view on the challenges you face and help you see things from a fresh perspective. I don't believe in just asking open ended questions and being a passive listener.
Talking to a trained listener and counselor can be the key to overcoming anxiety, depression, bereavement, uncertainty in work or relationships or sorting your direction in life. As a trained psychologist and business person with 40 years experience I can provide an informed point of view on the challenges you face and help you see things from a fresh perspective. I don't believe in just asking open ended questions and being a passive listener.
01748 905164 View 01748 905164
Photo of Helen Caro, MBACP, Counsellor
Helen Caro
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
London W1K
I am fully qualified Integrative Relational Counsellor. This means that I draw upon a variety of skills and approaches depending on what your needs and personality requires. Above all else, I believe that it is the relationship between you and I that will offer the best opportunity for change. I see clients with a wide range of issues and rest assured no matter how big or small the problem seems to you, you will be treated with warmth and respect. Some of the challenges I work with include: Anxiety, Depression, General low mood, Bereavement, Low self-confidence and self-esteem and stress. This list is by no means exhaustive.
I am fully qualified Integrative Relational Counsellor. This means that I draw upon a variety of skills and approaches depending on what your needs and personality requires. Above all else, I believe that it is the relationship between you and I that will offer the best opportunity for change. I see clients with a wide range of issues and rest assured no matter how big or small the problem seems to you, you will be treated with warmth and respect. Some of the challenges I work with include: Anxiety, Depression, General low mood, Bereavement, Low self-confidence and self-esteem and stress. This list is by no means exhaustive.
07593 511810 View 07593 511810
Photo of Gemma Elizabeth Mogg, MBACP, Psychotherapist
Gemma Elizabeth Mogg
Psychotherapist, MBACP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
London SE24  (Online Only)
Sometimes life feels like a struggle. I offer an opportunity to work through these struggles in a supportive and compassionate way. I will listen when you need to be heard and accept you as you are.
Sometimes life feels like a struggle. I offer an opportunity to work through these struggles in a supportive and compassionate way. I will listen when you need to be heard and accept you as you are.
020 3984 9196 View 020 3984 9196
Photo of Nicola Corrigan, BPC, Psychotherapist
Nicola Corrigan
Psychotherapist, BPC
Verified Verified
London EC2A
I am a qualified psychodynamic psychotherapist offering a compassionate and confidential space for you to be listened to, and where we can explore your thoughts, emotions, experiences and any challenges you may be facing. Over the years, I have had the privilege of working with individuals who seek a deeper understanding of themselves or require support in navigating various difficulties such as anxiety, stress, depression, burnout, perinatal mental health, relationship difficulties and bereavement.
I am a qualified psychodynamic psychotherapist offering a compassionate and confidential space for you to be listened to, and where we can explore your thoughts, emotions, experiences and any challenges you may be facing. Over the years, I have had the privilege of working with individuals who seek a deeper understanding of themselves or require support in navigating various difficulties such as anxiety, stress, depression, burnout, perinatal mental health, relationship difficulties and bereavement.
020 3856 8377 View 020 3856 8377
Photo of Lucinda Jenkins, UKCP Trainee, Counsellor
Lucinda Jenkins
Counsellor, UKCP Trainee
Verified Verified
London SW19  (Online Only)
Hi, I’m Lucinda, a trauma-informed psychotherapeutic counsellor who endeavours to create a warm and non-judgemental space where you can bring your whole self and find validation for your experience. I truly believe that every individual has the capacity for growth and change and that nothing within us needs ‘fixing’. I have a depth of both personal and professional knowledge and experience of therapy and counselling and have being working in the field for over 6 years. I believe that above all else we are meeting together, first and foremost, as human beings.
Hi, I’m Lucinda, a trauma-informed psychotherapeutic counsellor who endeavours to create a warm and non-judgemental space where you can bring your whole self and find validation for your experience. I truly believe that every individual has the capacity for growth and change and that nothing within us needs ‘fixing’. I have a depth of both personal and professional knowledge and experience of therapy and counselling and have being working in the field for over 6 years. I believe that above all else we are meeting together, first and foremost, as human beings.
01929 501115 View 01929 501115
Photo of John Halker, MHGI, Psychotherapist
John Halker
Psychotherapist, MHGI
Verified Verified
London W1S
The Grove Clinic now operates in Guernsey and in London, and we have been offering psychotherapy in both locations since 2005. Our service is based on the organising ideas of the Human Givens approach to psychotherapy. We will acknowledge the problem, and set goals, and plot our path to the objectives you have chosen. We'll do it compassionately, and with great care. We aim to have every client leaving our rooms feeling better than when they arrived, and with some small homework tasks to develop skills which will be useful in the future.
The Grove Clinic now operates in Guernsey and in London, and we have been offering psychotherapy in both locations since 2005. Our service is based on the organising ideas of the Human Givens approach to psychotherapy. We will acknowledge the problem, and set goals, and plot our path to the objectives you have chosen. We'll do it compassionately, and with great care. We aim to have every client leaving our rooms feeling better than when they arrived, and with some small homework tasks to develop skills which will be useful in the future.
020 8138 9369 View 020 8138 9369
Photo of Sara Andargachew, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych., Psychologist
Sara Andargachew
Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
London N3
I have had the privilege of working with people who struggle with their mental health, for over 10 years. I completed my doctorate in Clinical Psychology at Oxford University. My background is rather diverse, having grown up in 6 different countries (Ethiopia, Cyprus, Zambia, Fujairah, Germany and England). As a psychologist, I have lived and practiced in England, China and most recently in Mexico. I have worked with people across the life span, with children, families and couples. I also have extensive experience working with children and adults who struggled profoundly in their early attachment relationships.
I have had the privilege of working with people who struggle with their mental health, for over 10 years. I completed my doctorate in Clinical Psychology at Oxford University. My background is rather diverse, having grown up in 6 different countries (Ethiopia, Cyprus, Zambia, Fujairah, Germany and England). As a psychologist, I have lived and practiced in England, China and most recently in Mexico. I have worked with people across the life span, with children, families and couples. I also have extensive experience working with children and adults who struggled profoundly in their early attachment relationships.
020 3984 9646 View 020 3984 9646
Photo of James Waldron - Peak Potential Therapies, MA, MBACP, Psychotherapist
Peak Potential Therapies
Psychotherapist, MA, MBACP
Verified Verified
London E8
As an integrative therapist with a background in neuroscience I like provide a non judgmental environment while using psycho-education as a way of explaining what is going on in the mind, to lead towards certain decisions that we make and then how those decisions lead back to our emotions. I combine multidisciplinary approaches using motivational interviewing to find your strengths, CBT as a way of finding triggers and solutions. To explore alternative ways of finding happiness and motivation in life.
As an integrative therapist with a background in neuroscience I like provide a non judgmental environment while using psycho-education as a way of explaining what is going on in the mind, to lead towards certain decisions that we make and then how those decisions lead back to our emotions. I combine multidisciplinary approaches using motivational interviewing to find your strengths, CBT as a way of finding triggers and solutions. To explore alternative ways of finding happiness and motivation in life.
023 8214 6364 View 023 8214 6364
Photo of Luiza Neumayer, MSc, HCPC-Couns. Psych., Psychotherapist
Luiza Neumayer
Psychotherapist, MSc, HCPC-Couns. Psych.
Verified Verified
London W1U
Hello and welcome. I’m here to help you find the inner strengths you need to unblock what’s troubling you and move on with your life. My clients tell me I’m warm, kind and insightful – which is good, because my main aim is to offer a safe, welcoming place where you feel willing and able to consider making changes. Most of us aren’t used to reaching out for professional support. We’re brought up to think asking for help can be a sign of weakness. But whatever you’re facing, working together with a professional therapist can let you see a way forward.
Hello and welcome. I’m here to help you find the inner strengths you need to unblock what’s troubling you and move on with your life. My clients tell me I’m warm, kind and insightful – which is good, because my main aim is to offer a safe, welcoming place where you feel willing and able to consider making changes. Most of us aren’t used to reaching out for professional support. We’re brought up to think asking for help can be a sign of weakness. But whatever you’re facing, working together with a professional therapist can let you see a way forward.
020 3872 2526 View 020 3872 2526
Photo of Sasha Louise - Sasha Louise, Counsellor
Sasha Louise
Counsellor
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
London SE3
As a dedicated CBT therapist I work with clients who suffer with anxiety, depression, panic attacks, bereavement, emotional eating and more. CBT is a talk based therapy that uses techniques to help clients trapped in negative thought patterns, emotions and behaviours move to positive ones to improve the quality of day to day life. We will work together to achieving your therapy goals. With a person centered approach I empower individuals through self awareness to better understand their thought process, navigate their emotional landscape and express their behaviours differently.
As a dedicated CBT therapist I work with clients who suffer with anxiety, depression, panic attacks, bereavement, emotional eating and more. CBT is a talk based therapy that uses techniques to help clients trapped in negative thought patterns, emotions and behaviours move to positive ones to improve the quality of day to day life. We will work together to achieving your therapy goals. With a person centered approach I empower individuals through self awareness to better understand their thought process, navigate their emotional landscape and express their behaviours differently.
020 4537 3010 View 020 4537 3010
Photo of Sara Wainstein, MA, MUKCP, Psychotherapist
Sara Wainstein
Psychotherapist, MA, MUKCP
Verified Verified
London NW3
I offer long term individual and group analytic psychotherapy and shorter more focused work as well as supervision. As well as my private practice in NW3, I work in the Trauma Unit at the Tavistock Clinic. I have extensive experience working in the NHS in adult psychotherapy and with vulnerable mothers and babies. I have worked with people of different ages and backgrounds with wide-ranging issues since 1998.
I offer long term individual and group analytic psychotherapy and shorter more focused work as well as supervision. As well as my private practice in NW3, I work in the Trauma Unit at the Tavistock Clinic. I have extensive experience working in the NHS in adult psychotherapy and with vulnerable mothers and babies. I have worked with people of different ages and backgrounds with wide-ranging issues since 1998.
020 3823 6204 View 020 3823 6204
Photo of Kostana Banjac, Counsellor
Kostana Banjac
Counsellor
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
London NW1
I work pluralistically from a contemporary biopsychosocial framework that incorporates all aspects of self and I believe that you have many of the answers you are seeking within yourself. My objective is to build a safe and holding space for a trusting relationship where you can explore and share your thoughts, feelings, behaviours, and problems/difficulties. Clients often seek therapy because of symptoms affecting their everyday life. However, they are often unaware of the root cause of their self-sabotaging behaviours, relationship issues, and emotional numbness. I also provide a more focused work as a single-session therapy (SST)
I work pluralistically from a contemporary biopsychosocial framework that incorporates all aspects of self and I believe that you have many of the answers you are seeking within yourself. My objective is to build a safe and holding space for a trusting relationship where you can explore and share your thoughts, feelings, behaviours, and problems/difficulties. Clients often seek therapy because of symptoms affecting their everyday life. However, they are often unaware of the root cause of their self-sabotaging behaviours, relationship issues, and emotional numbness. I also provide a more focused work as a single-session therapy (SST)
020 3835 5391 View 020 3835 5391
Photo of Rainbow Hart, BACP, Counsellor
Rainbow Hart
Counsellor, BACP
Verified Verified
London N10
To me, psychotherapy is the opportunity to explore, and eventually accept yourself fully – to deepen your understanding of yourself, your responses, and your relationship with the people and the world around you. A process of awareness that can help you learn and heal from the trauma of your past.  I had an unusual upbringing with very 'alternative' parents (hence the name) which meant that I was exposed to many weird and wonderful people, ideas and experiences from an early age. This came with its ups and downs, but fundamentally it has helped me develop a deep understanding of what it means to be human.
To me, psychotherapy is the opportunity to explore, and eventually accept yourself fully – to deepen your understanding of yourself, your responses, and your relationship with the people and the world around you. A process of awareness that can help you learn and heal from the trauma of your past.  I had an unusual upbringing with very 'alternative' parents (hence the name) which meant that I was exposed to many weird and wonderful people, ideas and experiences from an early age. This came with its ups and downs, but fundamentally it has helped me develop a deep understanding of what it means to be human.
020 3984 8949 View 020 3984 8949
Photo of Bridget Barnes Cbt Therapy, MBABCP, Psychotherapist
Bridget Barnes Cbt Therapy
Psychotherapist, MBABCP
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
London E17  (Online Only)
Hello I’m Bridget, a Cognitive Behavioural Therapist and Anxiety Disorder specialist. I have extensive experience helping my clients view their anxious thoughts, feelings and behaviours in a more rational, less threatening way. Bringing in a new perspective enables a new way of relating to yourself, or others. - -> Recent client feedback - “Bridget was really wonderful. I have left my sessions feeling empowered and confident that I have everything I need to tackle my OCD and challenging situations that may arise in future. I really can not thank her enough and I'm excited that I have various exercises I can use to navigate my OCD."
Hello I’m Bridget, a Cognitive Behavioural Therapist and Anxiety Disorder specialist. I have extensive experience helping my clients view their anxious thoughts, feelings and behaviours in a more rational, less threatening way. Bringing in a new perspective enables a new way of relating to yourself, or others. - -> Recent client feedback - “Bridget was really wonderful. I have left my sessions feeling empowered and confident that I have everything I need to tackle my OCD and challenging situations that may arise in future. I really can not thank her enough and I'm excited that I have various exercises I can use to navigate my OCD."
020 3835 5416 View 020 3835 5416
Photo of Dominique Frater, MBACP, Counsellor
Dominique Frater
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
London SE15
My approach to counselling has been formed from my own experiences, I believe everyone has the capability to reach a place of peace and live a fulfilling life but to do so you must learn about yourself. This can be an uncomfortable process but one that I believe is worth it. My purpose is to support my clients on their journeys to gain a deeper understanding of themselves and to empower them to make the changes they want to align with the life and the person they want to be. I am passionate about enhancing others experience of life as I am of my own but with the awareness that these changes can only come from within.
My approach to counselling has been formed from my own experiences, I believe everyone has the capability to reach a place of peace and live a fulfilling life but to do so you must learn about yourself. This can be an uncomfortable process but one that I believe is worth it. My purpose is to support my clients on their journeys to gain a deeper understanding of themselves and to empower them to make the changes they want to align with the life and the person they want to be. I am passionate about enhancing others experience of life as I am of my own but with the awareness that these changes can only come from within.
020 4538 1659 View 020 4538 1659
Photo of David Reznik-Martov, MSc, BPC, Psychotherapist
David Reznik-Martov
Psychotherapist, MSc, BPC
Verified Verified
London NW4
My name is David, I am a qualified psychodynamic psychotherapist. I provide Individual psychotherapy for younger and older adults, addressing a variety of issues from self-image and confidence to depression and bereavement. My sessions are available in English and Russian language. Online sessions are available via Skype or Zoom, making it convenient to attend remotely from anywhere in the world. After the first session, where we would have the opportunity to meet each other, explore your story and issues you might be experiencing, I will offer you open-ended work on a weekly basis or more frequent if you find it useful.
My name is David, I am a qualified psychodynamic psychotherapist. I provide Individual psychotherapy for younger and older adults, addressing a variety of issues from self-image and confidence to depression and bereavement. My sessions are available in English and Russian language. Online sessions are available via Skype or Zoom, making it convenient to attend remotely from anywhere in the world. After the first session, where we would have the opportunity to meet each other, explore your story and issues you might be experiencing, I will offer you open-ended work on a weekly basis or more frequent if you find it useful.
020 3962 0304 x44 View 020 3962 0304 x44
Photo of Naomi Berry-Kedroe, MBACP, Counsellor
Naomi Berry-Kedroe
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
London W5
I am an experienced Integrative Psychotherapeutic Counsellor, who will support & guide you through the complexities of your unique journey towards self-discovery & emotional wellbeing. I deeply value & respect individual differences, understanding that each person's path to wellness is as unique as they are. My approach is tailored to honour & respect your identity, culture, personal beliefs & experiences without judgement. In our sessions, you will find a supportive nurturing space where you will be met with empathy, acceptance & encouragement to sensitively unpack, reflect, reason, explore, heal & grow.
I am an experienced Integrative Psychotherapeutic Counsellor, who will support & guide you through the complexities of your unique journey towards self-discovery & emotional wellbeing. I deeply value & respect individual differences, understanding that each person's path to wellness is as unique as they are. My approach is tailored to honour & respect your identity, culture, personal beliefs & experiences without judgement. In our sessions, you will find a supportive nurturing space where you will be met with empathy, acceptance & encouragement to sensitively unpack, reflect, reason, explore, heal & grow.
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Photo of Beverley J Weston - Aya Training & Development, MA, MBACP, Psychotherapist
Aya Training & Development
Psychotherapist, MA, MBACP
Verified Verified
London SE23
Aya Training & Development (ATD) is a complex trauma mental health training provider & intercultural psychotherapy group private practice made up of a team of qualified associate therapists. We are dedicated to offering a culturally sensitive trauma informed approach to talking therapy for individuals, groups & couples aged 18 & over. A compassionate, inclusive space for you to explore your well-being concerns, with a particular focus on issues related to domestic abuse, racial-cultural identity, childhood, sexual & racial trauma. Support is also provided for other well-being and mental health concerns. Ayatrainingdevelopment.com
Aya Training & Development (ATD) is a complex trauma mental health training provider & intercultural psychotherapy group private practice made up of a team of qualified associate therapists. We are dedicated to offering a culturally sensitive trauma informed approach to talking therapy for individuals, groups & couples aged 18 & over. A compassionate, inclusive space for you to explore your well-being concerns, with a particular focus on issues related to domestic abuse, racial-cultural identity, childhood, sexual & racial trauma. Support is also provided for other well-being and mental health concerns. Ayatrainingdevelopment.com
07480 549059 x079037 View 07480 549059 x079037
Photo of Sarah Jayne Buchanan, MA, MBACP, Psychotherapist
Sarah Jayne Buchanan
Psychotherapist, MA, MBACP
Verified Verified
London SW19
Perhaps you feel stuck, overwhelmed, or isolated. Maybe you struggle with a sense of hopelessness, feeling that your circumstances or your past mistakes define your future. You may be searching for therapy because you long for change, for a life where burdens are lighter and joy returns. I offer understanding without judgment, practical guidance, and its my sole purpose to help you find a renewed belief in yourself. My practice is compassionate, solution-focused and based in relationship.
Perhaps you feel stuck, overwhelmed, or isolated. Maybe you struggle with a sense of hopelessness, feeling that your circumstances or your past mistakes define your future. You may be searching for therapy because you long for change, for a life where burdens are lighter and joy returns. I offer understanding without judgment, practical guidance, and its my sole purpose to help you find a renewed belief in yourself. My practice is compassionate, solution-focused and based in relationship.
020 3036 1004 View 020 3036 1004
Photo of Zahraa Hanif, BACP, Counsellor
Zahraa Hanif
Counsellor, BACP
Verified Verified
London NW8  (Online Only)
As an integrative counsellor, my approach draws from various therapeutic modalities to create a tailored and holistic experience for each client. I believe in meeting individuals where they are, respecting their unique journey, and empowering them to find their own path to healing. My passion lies in fostering a safe, compassionate space where clients feel heard, understood, and supported. Combining empathy with evidence-based techniques. I experience working with both young people and adults. I can provide counselling services specifically to the Asian community
As an integrative counsellor, my approach draws from various therapeutic modalities to create a tailored and holistic experience for each client. I believe in meeting individuals where they are, respecting their unique journey, and empowering them to find their own path to healing. My passion lies in fostering a safe, compassionate space where clients feel heard, understood, and supported. Combining empathy with evidence-based techniques. I experience working with both young people and adults. I can provide counselling services specifically to the Asian community
020 3837 3609 View 020 3837 3609
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See more therapy options for London

How does your Counsellor compare?

Number of Counsellors in London

3,000+

Average cost per session

£75

Counsellors in London who prioritize treating:

90% Anxiety
85% Depression
83% Self Esteem
80% Relationship Issues
78% Stress
66% Trauma and PTSD
62% Bereavement

Average years in practice

9 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

69% Aviva
63% AXA PPP
56% Vitality

How Counsellors in London see their clients

74% In Person and Online
26% Online Only

Gender breakdown

75% Female
24% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling

How can I find a therapist in London?

Search for nearby therapists or counsellors by inputting your city, postcode, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postcode into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are members of the main professional associations, mainly the British Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy (BACP) and the UK Council for Psychotherapy (UKCP). Most Psychologists in the directory are accredited members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and/or are registered in the Health and Care Professions Council (HPCP).

Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given that professional memberships are not a statutory requirement for psychotherapists and counsellors in the UK, certain qualified professionals or organisations may choose not to maintain such memberships despite possessing the necessary qualifications. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?

Counsellors, psychotherapists and psychologists can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and experience that enable them to do so in the UK. Psychologists have earned a degree in psychology and many are members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and have completed a postgraduate qualification in a specialism. Counsellors and Psychotherapists are not required to have a psychology degree, but to belong to a professional organisation such as the BACP or UKCP, they are required to have completed a training course as well as clinical and supervision hours.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the UK could be between £30 - £60 when seeing a counsellor and £60 - £150 and up when seeing a clinical psychologist. If you have private insurance, your plan may cover some if not all of your sessions. You should contact your insurance provider to determine if they provide coverage for therapy sessions and to determine what, if any, requirements they might have in order for your sessions to be covered, such as a referral from your GP or medical specialist.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. The NHS Talking therapies programme offers free of charge counselling for common mental health problems like anxiety and depression. The service is available to anyone registered with a GP, though you do not necessarily need to be referred by your GP and can refer yourself directly to a Talking therapies service. The service will provide different solutions, including group and individual therapy, for a limited number of sessions which are generally up to six.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postcode.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Therapists who are part of a professional organisation such as the BACP, the UKCP, or BPS are bound by an ethical framework that requires them to uphold a confidentiality agreement. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there has been participation in a criminal act or act of terror, or if there is potential or known harm to the client or others, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.