Photo of Cara Cramp - Cara Cramp, MBACP at Freedom Creative Arts Therapy, MA, Psychotherapist
Cara Cramp, MBACP at Freedom Creative Arts Therapy
Psychotherapist, MA
Verified Verified
Hello, my name is Cara, I’m a Creative Arts Therapist and a qualified Clinical Supervisor. Maybe your child/teenager is acting out and you just don’t know what to do next, maybe they’ve been through a difficult experience recently or in the past and need some help processing what happened to them. I’ve worked with many children and I want to be able to offer your child a safe and confidential environment to explore what is going on for them right now They can then begin to feel better about themselves and continue to have the positive experiences from life that they deserve.
Hello, my name is Cara, I’m a Creative Arts Therapist and a qualified Clinical Supervisor. Maybe your child/teenager is acting out and you just don’t know what to do next, maybe they’ve been through a difficult experience recently or in the past and need some help processing what happened to them. I’ve worked with many children and I want to be able to offer your child a safe and confidential environment to explore what is going on for them right now They can then begin to feel better about themselves and continue to have the positive experiences from life that they deserve.
01455 243634 View 01455 243634
Photo of Stephanie Jayne Murphy, DCounsPsych, MNCPS Acc., Psychotherapist
Stephanie Jayne Murphy
Psychotherapist, DCounsPsych, MNCPS Acc.
Verified Verified
We all have mental health just like physical health and sometimes we all need someone to talk to. Maybe you have situations arising in life at the moment which you are finding difficult to work through, perhaps you don't feel you can reach out to those around you or perhaps it is just too personal. Whatever the struggle may be, you are not alone.
We all have mental health just like physical health and sometimes we all need someone to talk to. Maybe you have situations arising in life at the moment which you are finding difficult to work through, perhaps you don't feel you can reach out to those around you or perhaps it is just too personal. Whatever the struggle may be, you are not alone.
01455 249589 View 01455 249589
Photo of Catherine Noake, BACP, Counsellor
Catherine Noake
Counsellor, BACP
Verified Verified
Life can be hard at times and can leave you feeling isolated and alone. Many current issues are often buried in childhood experiences affecting our thoughts and patterns of behaviour in the present day. Sometimes we just feel "stuck" without knowing the reason why. Exploration of difficult and sometimes painful emotions helps gain an insight into what is causing the psychological distress. We will work with whatever issues you wish to bring, at your pace without pressure or judgement.
Life can be hard at times and can leave you feeling isolated and alone. Many current issues are often buried in childhood experiences affecting our thoughts and patterns of behaviour in the present day. Sometimes we just feel "stuck" without knowing the reason why. Exploration of difficult and sometimes painful emotions helps gain an insight into what is causing the psychological distress. We will work with whatever issues you wish to bring, at your pace without pressure or judgement.
07481 343524 View 07481 343524
Photo of Charlotte Wileman, MBACP, Counsellor
Charlotte Wileman
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
It can often feel lonely in life, even though we might be surrounded by many people, at times we may not feel fully heard or truly understood. I aim to provide a safe space where you are able to express your thoughts and feelings around any past or present difficulties. Supporting you every step of the way, to help you find some peace and clarity.
It can often feel lonely in life, even though we might be surrounded by many people, at times we may not feel fully heard or truly understood. I aim to provide a safe space where you are able to express your thoughts and feelings around any past or present difficulties. Supporting you every step of the way, to help you find some peace and clarity.
01455 247681 View 01455 247681
Photo of Adam Bruce, MNCPS Acc., Counsellor
Adam Bruce
Counsellor, MNCPS Acc.
Verified Verified
Leicester LE9  (Online Only)
At times it’s natural to feel overwhelmed and stressed out by life. That can create deep sadness, despair or loss of hope resulting in depression. Feeling fearful and anxious about life and the future can feel too much to cope with and have a really profound affect on everyday life. Sometimes it is recent events that are causing you to feel that you are really struggling while at other times those difficulties are linked to childhood neglect, trauma or abuse. Sometimes how you feel about yourself can result in a lack of confidence or low self esteem which can impact on your ability to feel at peace in the world and in relationship.
At times it’s natural to feel overwhelmed and stressed out by life. That can create deep sadness, despair or loss of hope resulting in depression. Feeling fearful and anxious about life and the future can feel too much to cope with and have a really profound affect on everyday life. Sometimes it is recent events that are causing you to feel that you are really struggling while at other times those difficulties are linked to childhood neglect, trauma or abuse. Sometimes how you feel about yourself can result in a lack of confidence or low self esteem which can impact on your ability to feel at peace in the world and in relationship.
0116 502 0538 View 0116 502 0538
Photo of Zac Fine, MBACP, Counsellor
Zac Fine
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
As a man you may be experiencing confusion, stress or despair around your role and how to meet new expectations of emotional openness. Perhaps it feels like no one understands you and how hard you try to be a good person. Maybe you want to be less stressed and angry, enjoy some inner peace, and rekindle your spark for life again which was sucked out of you a long time ago. Perhaps you feel fear, shame or isolation, and just want to be confident and self-assured again. Or you may be a woman seeking to understand the behaviour of important men in your life.
As a man you may be experiencing confusion, stress or despair around your role and how to meet new expectations of emotional openness. Perhaps it feels like no one understands you and how hard you try to be a good person. Maybe you want to be less stressed and angry, enjoy some inner peace, and rekindle your spark for life again which was sucked out of you a long time ago. Perhaps you feel fear, shame or isolation, and just want to be confident and self-assured again. Or you may be a woman seeking to understand the behaviour of important men in your life.
020 3095 2848 View 020 3095 2848
Photo of Vanessa Owens - @thecounsellingcoach, MNCPS Acc., Counsellor
@thecounsellingcoach
Counsellor, MNCPS Acc.
Verified Verified
Hi I'm Vanessa. I'm an Integrative Counsellor this means I offer all modes of therapy, making it tailor made to you, and as individual as you are. I have 30 years of experience in the NHS, Public Sector, Charities and latterly private practice. I specialise in working with Grief, Autism, Learning disabilities, Sexual Abuse, Trauma, Anxiety, Motivation, Confidence, Relationships, Self care strategies. I can help you understand and work with your thoughts and emotions, in mind and body. I work in a creative way often using a variety of tools to visualise where you are presently and develop some skills to move forward.
Hi I'm Vanessa. I'm an Integrative Counsellor this means I offer all modes of therapy, making it tailor made to you, and as individual as you are. I have 30 years of experience in the NHS, Public Sector, Charities and latterly private practice. I specialise in working with Grief, Autism, Learning disabilities, Sexual Abuse, Trauma, Anxiety, Motivation, Confidence, Relationships, Self care strategies. I can help you understand and work with your thoughts and emotions, in mind and body. I work in a creative way often using a variety of tools to visualise where you are presently and develop some skills to move forward.
0116 478 6725 View 0116 478 6725
Photo of Emma Louise Jacques, BACP, Counsellor
Emma Louise Jacques
Counsellor, BACP
Verified Verified
I am a person centered and psychodynamic counsellor incorporating CBT and solution focused creative techniques such as art therapy, guided imagery and visualisation, meditation and the Rewind technique (for trauma). I offer therapy to couples, young people, adults and families.
I am a person centered and psychodynamic counsellor incorporating CBT and solution focused creative techniques such as art therapy, guided imagery and visualisation, meditation and the Rewind technique (for trauma). I offer therapy to couples, young people, adults and families.
01455 247617 View 01455 247617
Photo of David Kaneria, MSc, Psychotherapist
David Kaneria
Psychotherapist, MSc
Verified Verified
Leicester LE9  (Online Only)
My name is David, I am a Cognitive Behavioural Therapist (CBT) with four university degrees in psychology. I have worked extensively in the "NHS Talking Therapies" Services (previously known as IAPT) in which I specialised in treating common mental health problems such as depression and anxiety. I have a keen interest in CBT and have published a therapist textbook and five self-help books. Click here to book a session: clientportal.uk.powerdiary.com/clientportal/kaneriacbt
My name is David, I am a Cognitive Behavioural Therapist (CBT) with four university degrees in psychology. I have worked extensively in the "NHS Talking Therapies" Services (previously known as IAPT) in which I specialised in treating common mental health problems such as depression and anxiety. I have a keen interest in CBT and have published a therapist textbook and five self-help books. Click here to book a session: clientportal.uk.powerdiary.com/clientportal/kaneriacbt
01455 240867 View 01455 240867
Photo of Joanne Turvey, MBACP Accred, Counsellor
Joanne Turvey
Counsellor, MBACP Accred
Verified Verified
Life can have many aspects and there can be parts that we feel we would could benefit from support with. Whether there is a specific issue, things feel a little 'stuck', or parts of you aren't feeling as they used to, we can unpick what feels appropriate to at any given moment. Through therapy we can support the growth of self-awareness, explore what may be feeling unsaid and find your own path through whatever is present for you. It may be relational issues, loss, trauma, self-identity or simply a sense of not feeling exactly where you wish to be. We can take time to examine where your journey leads next.
Life can have many aspects and there can be parts that we feel we would could benefit from support with. Whether there is a specific issue, things feel a little 'stuck', or parts of you aren't feeling as they used to, we can unpick what feels appropriate to at any given moment. Through therapy we can support the growth of self-awareness, explore what may be feeling unsaid and find your own path through whatever is present for you. It may be relational issues, loss, trauma, self-identity or simply a sense of not feeling exactly where you wish to be. We can take time to examine where your journey leads next.
024 7542 4863 View 024 7542 4863
Photo of Nova Toni Gullen - Second Chance Counselling, BACP, Counsellor
Second Chance Counselling
Counsellor, BACP
Verified Verified
I offer a safe, welcoming environment for my clients to talk through any issues. I am an individual member of the BACP. I abide by the Ethical Framework for Good Practice in Counselling and Psychotherapy. Counselling can be short or long term. I hold an up to date DBS and am fully insured. I am GDPR compliant. I have experience of working with issues around anxiety, panic attacks, depression, relationship difficulties, sexual/physical abuse, family difficulties and low self esteem and others. I have over 2500 counselling hours experience and have been volunteering/working at a sexual abuse crisis centre for 8 years
I offer a safe, welcoming environment for my clients to talk through any issues. I am an individual member of the BACP. I abide by the Ethical Framework for Good Practice in Counselling and Psychotherapy. Counselling can be short or long term. I hold an up to date DBS and am fully insured. I am GDPR compliant. I have experience of working with issues around anxiety, panic attacks, depression, relationship difficulties, sexual/physical abuse, family difficulties and low self esteem and others. I have over 2500 counselling hours experience and have been volunteering/working at a sexual abuse crisis centre for 8 years
0116 464 9951 View 0116 464 9951
Photo of Clare Boulton - Clare Boulton -Counsellor / Clinical Supervisor, SNCPS Acc., Psychotherapist
Clare Boulton -Counsellor / Clinical Supervisor
Psychotherapist, SNCPS Acc.
Verified Verified
If you want to change a pattern in your life, want to think or feel differently about anything, confidential counselling may be right for you. I am offering you a comfortable and private space so that we can work together through any issues that you may bring to the session. Within this non-judgemental and confidential setting you have time to explore, reflect and understand your emotions, feelings and what is happening to you, wherever you are in your life right now. FREE Initial Consultation, daytime, evening and weekends appointments. Please feel free to get in touch for more information.
If you want to change a pattern in your life, want to think or feel differently about anything, confidential counselling may be right for you. I am offering you a comfortable and private space so that we can work together through any issues that you may bring to the session. Within this non-judgemental and confidential setting you have time to explore, reflect and understand your emotions, feelings and what is happening to you, wherever you are in your life right now. FREE Initial Consultation, daytime, evening and weekends appointments. Please feel free to get in touch for more information.
0116 464 9964 View 0116 464 9964
Photo of Nick Scully Bsc (Hons) - Nick Scully/Fortify Counselling and Psychotherapy , MBACP Accred, Psychotherapist
Nick Scully/Fortify Counselling and Psychotherapy
Psychotherapist, MBACP Accred
Verified Verified
Not accepting new clients
I am an accredited, registered and insured counsellor and psychotherapist and provide a warm, non judgemental and grounded presence, in a respectful and confidential space. As a humanistic and integrative therapist, I recognise your individuality in a holistic and positive sense, together with your potential for change. I also see how acknowledging pain or difficulties in the past allows repair in the present. With exploration and understanding, this can lead to greater personal and interpersonal awareness and functioning. Enabling this, I have strong belief in the trusting therapeutic relationship we can create.
I am an accredited, registered and insured counsellor and psychotherapist and provide a warm, non judgemental and grounded presence, in a respectful and confidential space. As a humanistic and integrative therapist, I recognise your individuality in a holistic and positive sense, together with your potential for change. I also see how acknowledging pain or difficulties in the past allows repair in the present. With exploration and understanding, this can lead to greater personal and interpersonal awareness and functioning. Enabling this, I have strong belief in the trusting therapeutic relationship we can create.
07723 561790 View 07723 561790
Photo of Kelly Jane Rippin - Talking Wellness, MBACP Accred, Counsellor
Talking Wellness
Counsellor, MBACP Accred
Verified Verified
Talking Wellness is a collective of professional counsellors who are passionate, committed and care. We offer Counselling focused on increased self-understanding, and acceptance, which can help you navigate your own way through challenges, make empowering choices and achieve your personal wellness goals. Counselling is for people that experience all kinds of difficulties that impact on their well being and happiness. We can all face issues in life and during counselling you can explore, and gain deeper insight in a safe, confidential and none judgemental relationship, focused on your best interests.
Talking Wellness is a collective of professional counsellors who are passionate, committed and care. We offer Counselling focused on increased self-understanding, and acceptance, which can help you navigate your own way through challenges, make empowering choices and achieve your personal wellness goals. Counselling is for people that experience all kinds of difficulties that impact on their well being and happiness. We can all face issues in life and during counselling you can explore, and gain deeper insight in a safe, confidential and none judgemental relationship, focused on your best interests.
01455 241491 View 01455 241491
Photo of Dr Sarah Lockley Clinical Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych., Psychologist
Dr Sarah Lockley Clinical Psychologist
Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Verified Verified
Hi, my name's Sarah and I'm a clinical psychologist. The decision to see a therapist can feel daunting and anxiety provoking. Please be reassured that this is absolutely normal. In a therapy session I will give you my support and the compassion that you may be needing at this time. I would like to help you by first gaining a good understanding of the difficulties that you are facing. Using my expertise (from many years of psychology training and work with clients), my aim would be to work with you to find a way forward that is going to enhance your life and enable you to live a life that feels richer and more fulfilling.
Hi, my name's Sarah and I'm a clinical psychologist. The decision to see a therapist can feel daunting and anxiety provoking. Please be reassured that this is absolutely normal. In a therapy session I will give you my support and the compassion that you may be needing at this time. I would like to help you by first gaining a good understanding of the difficulties that you are facing. Using my expertise (from many years of psychology training and work with clients), my aim would be to work with you to find a way forward that is going to enhance your life and enable you to live a life that feels richer and more fulfilling.
01455 244427 View 01455 244427
Photo of Kelly Rippin, MSc, MBACP Accred, Counsellor
Kelly Rippin
Counsellor, MSc, MBACP Accred
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Hello, I offer counselling/therapy with the aim to help you find better ways to understand yourself, or to bring about changes. I am able to offer sessions in person from my office in Hinckley or via telephone or video. Counselling is for people that experience all kinds of difficulties that impact on their well being and happiness. We can all face issues around anxiety, relationships, stress, overwhelm, bereavement. In counselling you can explore, gain deeper insight and work on making changes . People regularly say they feel 'lighter' and 'positive' right from their first consultation with me.
Hello, I offer counselling/therapy with the aim to help you find better ways to understand yourself, or to bring about changes. I am able to offer sessions in person from my office in Hinckley or via telephone or video. Counselling is for people that experience all kinds of difficulties that impact on their well being and happiness. We can all face issues around anxiety, relationships, stress, overwhelm, bereavement. In counselling you can explore, gain deeper insight and work on making changes . People regularly say they feel 'lighter' and 'positive' right from their first consultation with me.
01455 560369 View 01455 560369
Photo of Andrea Sparkes, MBACP, Psychotherapist
Andrea Sparkes
Psychotherapist, MBACP
Verified Verified
I understand the challenge of finding the right therapist to work with, which is why I recommend starting with a free telephone consultation to determine if we are a good fit. I work with clients to help them process and resolve their issues, finding lasting solutions to their problems. Deep down, the person you are meant to be is waiting to emerge, so together we can unlock that potential and move forward with clarity and purpose.
I understand the challenge of finding the right therapist to work with, which is why I recommend starting with a free telephone consultation to determine if we are a good fit. I work with clients to help them process and resolve their issues, finding lasting solutions to their problems. Deep down, the person you are meant to be is waiting to emerge, so together we can unlock that potential and move forward with clarity and purpose.
01455 242396 View 01455 242396
Photo of Dr Anita K Sudan, HCPC - Clin. Psych., Psychologist
Dr Anita K Sudan
Psychologist, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Verified Verified
6 Endorsed
Life is full of events, relationships, stresses and strains and all these impact on us in many different ways. It can affect all the important things to us such as school, work, relationships and our own perception of ourselves. This can be tiring and overwhelming. Fortunately, it doesn’t have to be this way and I believe strongly that a person can benefit from having a space to discuss their feelings and develop ideas and strategies to improve their emotional wellbeing.
Life is full of events, relationships, stresses and strains and all these impact on us in many different ways. It can affect all the important things to us such as school, work, relationships and our own perception of ourselves. This can be tiring and overwhelming. Fortunately, it doesn’t have to be this way and I believe strongly that a person can benefit from having a space to discuss their feelings and develop ideas and strategies to improve their emotional wellbeing.
0116 497 6798 View 0116 497 6798
Photo of Sammy Rupiya - SR Inspiration CBT Practitioner, DCounsPsych, MBACP Accred, Psychotherapist
SR Inspiration CBT Practitioner
Psychotherapist, DCounsPsych, MBACP Accred
Verified Verified
This therapist prefers to be identified as CBT Practitioner. I aim to work emphatically and collaboratively engage the client. If you are experiencing the following : Addiction, Anger Management, Anxiety, Abuse , Bereavement, Depression, Marriage or Relationship breakdown, PTSD, Self-Esteem, Stress , and Eating disorders call this practitioner for help. Don't leave it too late. My therapeutic approach using CBT model provides a short-term, goal focused and highly structured approach to therapeutic Assessment, Stabilisation, Planning, Intervention, Resilience and Evaluation. Call now for help. Do not leave it too late.
This therapist prefers to be identified as CBT Practitioner. I aim to work emphatically and collaboratively engage the client. If you are experiencing the following : Addiction, Anger Management, Anxiety, Abuse , Bereavement, Depression, Marriage or Relationship breakdown, PTSD, Self-Esteem, Stress , and Eating disorders call this practitioner for help. Don't leave it too late. My therapeutic approach using CBT model provides a short-term, goal focused and highly structured approach to therapeutic Assessment, Stabilisation, Planning, Intervention, Resilience and Evaluation. Call now for help. Do not leave it too late.
0116 478 2890 View 0116 478 2890
Photo of Annie Bradbury - Considered Counselling, MBACP, Psychotherapist
Considered Counselling
Psychotherapist, MBACP
Verified Verified
We all experience different states, sometimes changing too quickly to catch ourselves, sometimes not changing as fast as we need them too. I am a therapist that will work with you however you are feeling. I will meet you, your authentic self, where you are at during our session times together. I'm Annie, I am an engaging, supportive and encouraging therapist and will hold your best interests and wellbeing at the heart of the process.
We all experience different states, sometimes changing too quickly to catch ourselves, sometimes not changing as fast as we need them too. I am a therapist that will work with you however you are feeling. I will meet you, your authentic self, where you are at during our session times together. I'm Annie, I am an engaging, supportive and encouraging therapist and will hold your best interests and wellbeing at the heart of the process.
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See more therapy options for LE9

How does your Counsellor compare?

Number of Counsellors in LE9

20+

Average cost per session

£50

Counsellors in LE9 who prioritize treating:

100% Depression
100% Anxiety
100% Self Esteem
91% Stress
82% Relationship Issues
82% Bereavement
73% Trauma and PTSD

Average years in practice

8 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

57% Bupa
43% Cigna and Evernorth
43% AXA PPP

How Counsellors in LE9 see their clients

91% In Person and Online
9% Online Only

Gender breakdown

80% Female
20% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling

How can I find a therapist in LE9?

Search for nearby therapists or counsellors by inputting your city, postcode, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postcode into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are members of the main professional associations, mainly the British Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy (BACP) and the UK Council for Psychotherapy (UKCP). Most Psychologists in the directory are accredited members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and/or are registered in the Health and Care Professions Council (HPCP).

Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given that professional memberships are not a statutory requirement for psychotherapists and counsellors in the UK, certain qualified professionals or organisations may choose not to maintain such memberships despite possessing the necessary qualifications. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?

Counsellors, psychotherapists and psychologists can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and experience that enable them to do so in the UK. Psychologists have earned a degree in psychology and many are members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and have completed a postgraduate qualification in a specialism. Counsellors and Psychotherapists are not required to have a psychology degree, but to belong to a professional organisation such as the BACP or UKCP, they are required to have completed a training course as well as clinical and supervision hours.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the UK could be between £30 - £60 when seeing a counsellor and £60 - £150 and up when seeing a clinical psychologist. If you have private insurance, your plan may cover some if not all of your sessions. You should contact your insurance provider to determine if they provide coverage for therapy sessions and to determine what, if any, requirements they might have in order for your sessions to be covered, such as a referral from your GP or medical specialist.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. The NHS Talking therapies programme offers free of charge counselling for common mental health problems like anxiety and depression. The service is available to anyone registered with a GP, though you do not necessarily need to be referred by your GP and can refer yourself directly to a Talking therapies service. The service will provide different solutions, including group and individual therapy, for a limited number of sessions which are generally up to six.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postcode.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Therapists who are part of a professional organisation such as the BACP, the UKCP, or BPS are bound by an ethical framework that requires them to uphold a confidentiality agreement. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there has been participation in a criminal act or act of terror, or if there is potential or known harm to the client or others, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.