Photo of Mary Jane Garner, MBACP Snr. Accred, Counsellor
Mary Jane Garner
Counsellor, MBACP Snr. Accred
Verified Verified
I believe therapy is a life-affirming process which can support you through difficult times and enable you face your future with greater insight, confidence and preparedness. I work with people to help them to find their way, make changes and move forward. I am committed to identifying and working with what it is that blocks us and what it is that helps us to change and cope with the losses, hardships and conflicts internally and in our relationships with others and the world. Troubles and problems may arise when we are stuck or feel overwhelmed and isolated.
I believe therapy is a life-affirming process which can support you through difficult times and enable you face your future with greater insight, confidence and preparedness. I work with people to help them to find their way, make changes and move forward. I am committed to identifying and working with what it is that blocks us and what it is that helps us to change and cope with the losses, hardships and conflicts internally and in our relationships with others and the world. Troubles and problems may arise when we are stuck or feel overwhelmed and isolated.
0151 317 7535 View 0151 317 7535
Photo of Barry Ray Carruthers Accred - Beautiful Minds Talking Therapy Services, MBACP, Psychotherapist
Beautiful Minds Talking Therapy Services
Psychotherapist, MBACP
Verified Verified
Beautiful Minds Talking Therapy Service has been providing counselling for many years. I understand that taking the first step can be scary and overwhelming. But if you can find the courage to take that first step, it can be life changing. Let me help you explore, understand, and unpick the things that are causing your difficulties in your life. I will help you to take back control of your life and take action to find solutions and resolutions that will empower you. I will help you gain a better understanding of your difficulties and develop your knowledge and awareness of your internal constructs. let me help you.
Beautiful Minds Talking Therapy Service has been providing counselling for many years. I understand that taking the first step can be scary and overwhelming. But if you can find the courage to take that first step, it can be life changing. Let me help you explore, understand, and unpick the things that are causing your difficulties in your life. I will help you to take back control of your life and take action to find solutions and resolutions that will empower you. I will help you gain a better understanding of your difficulties and develop your knowledge and awareness of your internal constructs. let me help you.
07403 250051 View 07403 250051
Photo of Victoria Dewsnip - Victoria Dewsnip, MSc, MBACP, Counsellor
Victoria Dewsnip
Counsellor, MSc, MBACP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Liverpool L1  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
Would you say your childhood was fine but can't identify many times where you felt happy? Do you experience feelings of emptiness, struggle in relationships, or find yourself always doing things for other people who never return the favour? Do you feel like you have never fit in, never belonged, or that you have to be someone else when you are around other people? Has something changed in your life and now you're finding it hard to adjust? Do you struggle to understand why you do some of the things you do?
Would you say your childhood was fine but can't identify many times where you felt happy? Do you experience feelings of emptiness, struggle in relationships, or find yourself always doing things for other people who never return the favour? Do you feel like you have never fit in, never belonged, or that you have to be someone else when you are around other people? Has something changed in your life and now you're finding it hard to adjust? Do you struggle to understand why you do some of the things you do?
07921 354120 View 07921 354120
Photo of Nick Peterson, BACP, Counsellor
Nick Peterson
Counsellor, BACP
Verified Verified
No matter what you're going through, I will hold you in a safe and non-judgemental space where you can explore your issues freely. I will walk alongside you as you get things off your chest, helping you find clarity and balance as you move through things. Being held in this therapeutic environment will give you the space to grow and transform, allowing you to be accepted for who you truly are. Transmutation is at the heart of all my therapeutic work ... in alchemical terms, it is the process of transforming lead into gold, helping you to change from a state of distress and inner conflict to a state of wholeness and authenticity.
No matter what you're going through, I will hold you in a safe and non-judgemental space where you can explore your issues freely. I will walk alongside you as you get things off your chest, helping you find clarity and balance as you move through things. Being held in this therapeutic environment will give you the space to grow and transform, allowing you to be accepted for who you truly are. Transmutation is at the heart of all my therapeutic work ... in alchemical terms, it is the process of transforming lead into gold, helping you to change from a state of distress and inner conflict to a state of wholeness and authenticity.
01767 661164 View 01767 661164
Photo of Moira O'Hara, MBACP Accred, Psychotherapist
Moira O'Hara
Psychotherapist, MBACP Accred
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Having practised as a therapist for twenty years I have had the privilege to work with many creative, resilient, courageous and resourceful people. However, very few felt that way when they first came for therapy. Life can be challenging and we all struggle at times to cope with problems and stressful situations. Different people obviously find different things difficult but what everyone shares are the natural responses of feeling distressed, confused, anxious and lost. Counselling can help you to express your feelings, work through anxiety and confusion and develop positive responses to the challenges you are facing.
Having practised as a therapist for twenty years I have had the privilege to work with many creative, resilient, courageous and resourceful people. However, very few felt that way when they first came for therapy. Life can be challenging and we all struggle at times to cope with problems and stressful situations. Different people obviously find different things difficult but what everyone shares are the natural responses of feeling distressed, confused, anxious and lost. Counselling can help you to express your feelings, work through anxiety and confusion and develop positive responses to the challenges you are facing.
0151 317 2608 View 0151 317 2608
Photo of Lorena Rivero De Beer, PhD, MBACP Accred, Psychotherapist
Lorena Rivero De Beer
Psychotherapist, PhD, MBACP Accred
Verified Verified
You might be seeking support for many reasons, such as anxiety, addictions, loss of direction, self harm, identity issues, relationship difficulties or trauma. I will create the conditions to help you feel deeply listened to and explore what ever brought you into therapy. These basic conditions will often make you feel accepted, more confident in your judgements and less afraid of expressing your thoughts and emotions. From that place you can start to deeply explore and learn about who you are and undergo your personal journey of healing and transformation
You might be seeking support for many reasons, such as anxiety, addictions, loss of direction, self harm, identity issues, relationship difficulties or trauma. I will create the conditions to help you feel deeply listened to and explore what ever brought you into therapy. These basic conditions will often make you feel accepted, more confident in your judgements and less afraid of expressing your thoughts and emotions. From that place you can start to deeply explore and learn about who you are and undergo your personal journey of healing and transformation
01767 667239 View 01767 667239
Photo of Sam Syme- Dey Ellen Syme-Dey - Mindworks & Wirral & Liverpool Counselling Assoc, MSc, BACP, Psychotherapist
Mindworks & Wirral & Liverpool Counselling Assoc
Psychotherapist, MSc, BACP
Verified Verified
I specialise in treating Addictions, Depression & Anxiety & OCD. Although I do work in all areas of counselling. I class myself as very confident within the field of counselling & extremely knowledgeable in all areas.
I specialise in treating Addictions, Depression & Anxiety & OCD. Although I do work in all areas of counselling. I class myself as very confident within the field of counselling & extremely knowledgeable in all areas.
01767 660651 View 01767 660651
Photo of Drew Cass - Cass Therapy, MNCPS Acc., Psychotherapist
Cass Therapy
Psychotherapist, MNCPS Acc.
Verified Verified
Specifically worked in areas supporting people in crisis, low moods, anxiety stress and depression. Also helping people understand their addiction and the support available, theres possibility of working with familys too . Helping individuals gain an understanding of them selves to regain control, manageability and find stability. Helping you find your own path in life and support you to find your way out of the uncomfortable situations that may have arisen. Therapy can help in many areas of your life. In our session we will explore you to help find suitable solutions
Specifically worked in areas supporting people in crisis, low moods, anxiety stress and depression. Also helping people understand their addiction and the support available, theres possibility of working with familys too . Helping individuals gain an understanding of them selves to regain control, manageability and find stability. Helping you find your own path in life and support you to find your way out of the uncomfortable situations that may have arisen. Therapy can help in many areas of your life. In our session we will explore you to help find suitable solutions
01767 669814 View 01767 669814
Photo of Julie Ruth Anderson, BACP, Psychotherapist
Julie Ruth Anderson
Psychotherapist, BACP
Verified Verified
Are you feeling overwhelmed, stuck, lost, or low? Repeating unhelpful patterns in behaviour, and feeling disconnected? Is your relationship with food taking over your life, or does it worsen from time to time when you’re experiencing difficulties? I can help.
Are you feeling overwhelmed, stuck, lost, or low? Repeating unhelpful patterns in behaviour, and feeling disconnected? Is your relationship with food taking over your life, or does it worsen from time to time when you’re experiencing difficulties? I can help.
0151 305 4308 View 0151 305 4308
Photo of Teresa Kennimouth, MBACP Accred, Counsellor
Teresa Kennimouth
Counsellor, MBACP Accred
Verified Verified
Counselling offers a safe confidential and non-judgemental space, accepting of who you are and what issues you bring. We are all individuals with individual needs and expectations, and we may deal with problems differently, that is why I tailor my approach to meet your individual needs, expectations, and requirements. Throughout my personal and professional journey, I have found that speaking to someone who is unfamiliar to you and your environment is not only helpful but utterly beneficial to your overall well-being.
Counselling offers a safe confidential and non-judgemental space, accepting of who you are and what issues you bring. We are all individuals with individual needs and expectations, and we may deal with problems differently, that is why I tailor my approach to meet your individual needs, expectations, and requirements. Throughout my personal and professional journey, I have found that speaking to someone who is unfamiliar to you and your environment is not only helpful but utterly beneficial to your overall well-being.
01767 661196 View 01767 661196
Photo of Leeanne Fowler - Independent Counselling & Psychotherapy Services, MSc, MUKCP, Psychotherapist
Independent Counselling & Psychotherapy Services
Psychotherapist, MSc, MUKCP
Verified Verified
I aim to offer a professional yet down to earth relationship in which you can explore your personal difficulties whatever they may be. Sessions are offered weekly or fortnightly, usually in an open ended way until you're feeling more like yourself again. Some people come for a few sessions, some for a few months and others decide to come longer term. Many people are now starting to use therapy over time and re-access support at times when it is needed most with someone who they trust to know them and their life well. I take a firm stance on challenging stigma surrounding mental health.
I aim to offer a professional yet down to earth relationship in which you can explore your personal difficulties whatever they may be. Sessions are offered weekly or fortnightly, usually in an open ended way until you're feeling more like yourself again. Some people come for a few sessions, some for a few months and others decide to come longer term. Many people are now starting to use therapy over time and re-access support at times when it is needed most with someone who they trust to know them and their life well. I take a firm stance on challenging stigma surrounding mental health.
0151 317 9265 View 0151 317 9265
Photo of Linda Helena Boutet, MBACP, Psychotherapist
Linda Helena Boutet
Psychotherapist, MBACP
Verified Verified
With 30 years of experience as a BACP registered therapist, I provide authentic, compassionate and insightful support. You may be feeling unhappy and 'stuck' at this point in your life, or may be confused about your life in general. Our past has influenced our present but does not have to determine our future. With support, we can move on and understand ourselves and this is why talking therapy is so useful. We all experience difficulties in life and although you may feel alone, be assured that others have felt the way that you do. I am aware that finding the right therapist can be confusing, hence my low-cost introductory session
With 30 years of experience as a BACP registered therapist, I provide authentic, compassionate and insightful support. You may be feeling unhappy and 'stuck' at this point in your life, or may be confused about your life in general. Our past has influenced our present but does not have to determine our future. With support, we can move on and understand ourselves and this is why talking therapy is so useful. We all experience difficulties in life and although you may feel alone, be assured that others have felt the way that you do. I am aware that finding the right therapist can be confusing, hence my low-cost introductory session
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Photo of Dr Virginia Kellond, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych., Psychologist
Dr Virginia Kellond
Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Verified Verified
Not accepting new clients
I specialise in supporting people who find themselves in repeated patterns of thinking and behaving that can cause repeated problems with work, intimate relationships, friendships and sometimes the relationship a person has with themselves. People may also find themselves stuck in unhelpful repeated ways of coping with thoughts, feelings and relationships and this can have a significant and detrimental impact on wellbeing and quality of life. Problems such as poor sleep, anxiety, OCD, up and down moods are often the by-product of difficulties with coping.
I specialise in supporting people who find themselves in repeated patterns of thinking and behaving that can cause repeated problems with work, intimate relationships, friendships and sometimes the relationship a person has with themselves. People may also find themselves stuck in unhelpful repeated ways of coping with thoughts, feelings and relationships and this can have a significant and detrimental impact on wellbeing and quality of life. Problems such as poor sleep, anxiety, OCD, up and down moods are often the by-product of difficulties with coping.
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Jo Edwards
Psychotherapist, MA, MUKCP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
I am an Integrative Psychotherapist and Counsellor. I believe we are all unique and therefore one size doesn't fit all so I will use a range of skills to suit where you are at this time in your life. The skills I use will vary as you move on your journey so the skills I will use will accompany you. I have been working with people 26 years having qualified in 1997 and I am passionate about the work I do. It is gratifying to be part of a person's journey from troubled or stuck to open and free to be themselves.
I am an Integrative Psychotherapist and Counsellor. I believe we are all unique and therefore one size doesn't fit all so I will use a range of skills to suit where you are at this time in your life. The skills I use will vary as you move on your journey so the skills I will use will accompany you. I have been working with people 26 years having qualified in 1997 and I am passionate about the work I do. It is gratifying to be part of a person's journey from troubled or stuck to open and free to be themselves.
01767 667232 View 01767 667232
Photo of George Maxwell, MSc, MBABCP, Psychotherapist
George Maxwell
Psychotherapist, MSc, MBABCP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
I offer evidence-based CBT, EMDR and Positive Psychology Coaching to support clients across the full range of the wellbeing spectrum. As an accredited CBT Therapist, I will help you to overcome your anxiety and depression problems using active, effective treatments that will change your life. I specialise in OCD (and its many subtypes), PTSD and Social Anxiety. As a Coaching Psychologist, I can teach you how to flourish, achieve your life goals, and live a life full of meaning and value. I work with clients internationally via Zoom and offer in-person therapy at my office in Rodney Street in Liverpool.
I offer evidence-based CBT, EMDR and Positive Psychology Coaching to support clients across the full range of the wellbeing spectrum. As an accredited CBT Therapist, I will help you to overcome your anxiety and depression problems using active, effective treatments that will change your life. I specialise in OCD (and its many subtypes), PTSD and Social Anxiety. As a Coaching Psychologist, I can teach you how to flourish, achieve your life goals, and live a life full of meaning and value. I work with clients internationally via Zoom and offer in-person therapy at my office in Rodney Street in Liverpool.
0151 318 0866 View 0151 318 0866
Photo of Robin Altwarg, MSc, MBACP Accred, Counsellor
Robin Altwarg
Counsellor, MSc, MBACP Accred
Verified Verified
My expertise lies in the areas of social anxiety, low self-esteem and ADHD. I provide counselling for individual adults. Sessions take place in a caring and professional environment, which is sufficiently challenging to effect change. Working together we can help you gain a better understanding of yourself, to overcome obstacles in your life, and reach your goals. I work with people on a wide range of issues. The quality of the therapeutic relationship contributes to a positive outcome in counselling, which is very important in my work. I have 23 years' experience providing counselling and psychotherapy.
My expertise lies in the areas of social anxiety, low self-esteem and ADHD. I provide counselling for individual adults. Sessions take place in a caring and professional environment, which is sufficiently challenging to effect change. Working together we can help you gain a better understanding of yourself, to overcome obstacles in your life, and reach your goals. I work with people on a wide range of issues. The quality of the therapeutic relationship contributes to a positive outcome in counselling, which is very important in my work. I have 23 years' experience providing counselling and psychotherapy.
0151 317 9127 View 0151 317 9127
Photo of Simon Burgess, BACP, Counsellor
Simon Burgess
Counsellor, BACP
Verified Verified
I specialise in Addiction. My approach is tracking at over 90% effective. (Clients still free of their addiction at the 1 year mark) I primarily work with addictions to Gambling, Drugs and Alcohol. My approach, the 4T's combines an assessment, therapy, and managed change, tracked over time. There is more at linkedin.com/in/simonburgess1 “The UK’s leading addiction therapist” where I’ve written over 40 articles covering many aspects of addiction and recovery. The 4T's are suitable for any addictive behaviour, get in touch and take advantage of a free 30 minute call to assess if it’s right for you.
I specialise in Addiction. My approach is tracking at over 90% effective. (Clients still free of their addiction at the 1 year mark) I primarily work with addictions to Gambling, Drugs and Alcohol. My approach, the 4T's combines an assessment, therapy, and managed change, tracked over time. There is more at linkedin.com/in/simonburgess1 “The UK’s leading addiction therapist” where I’ve written over 40 articles covering many aspects of addiction and recovery. The 4T's are suitable for any addictive behaviour, get in touch and take advantage of a free 30 minute call to assess if it’s right for you.
020 3962 1751 View 020 3962 1751
Photo of Dami So, MBACP, Counsellor
Dami So
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Liverpool L1  (Online Only)
Hi, my name is Dami. I am a registered member of the BACP (British Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy). I offer a counselling relationship that is safe and non-judgemental, within which you can explore issues that brought you into therapy. With warmth, empathy and respect, I will create the conditions to help you feel empowered to take control of your own wellbeing and transformation. I will support you to increase your own understanding of self and guide you to find solutions which are right for you, rather than giving you advice or tell you what to do.
Hi, my name is Dami. I am a registered member of the BACP (British Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy). I offer a counselling relationship that is safe and non-judgemental, within which you can explore issues that brought you into therapy. With warmth, empathy and respect, I will create the conditions to help you feel empowered to take control of your own wellbeing and transformation. I will support you to increase your own understanding of self and guide you to find solutions which are right for you, rather than giving you advice or tell you what to do.
01767 669725 View 01767 669725
Photo of Dr Miguel Montenegro, HCPC - Clin. Psych., Psychologist
Dr Miguel Montenegro
Psychologist, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Verified Verified
Not accepting new clients
I am a Chartered and Registered Clinical Psychologist, Neuropsychologist and Psychotherapist based in Liverpool City Centre. I am a NeuroD (Neurodivergent) individual. I see clients face-to-face and online. Going to clients is possible but only when appointments are funded by NHS, local authorities, and accident claims cases. I carry assessments for Autism, ADHD, Dyslexia, Memory issues, Executive functioning problems, and much more. I provide therapy too. Appointments in English and Portuguese languages.
I am a Chartered and Registered Clinical Psychologist, Neuropsychologist and Psychotherapist based in Liverpool City Centre. I am a NeuroD (Neurodivergent) individual. I see clients face-to-face and online. Going to clients is possible but only when appointments are funded by NHS, local authorities, and accident claims cases. I carry assessments for Autism, ADHD, Dyslexia, Memory issues, Executive functioning problems, and much more. I provide therapy too. Appointments in English and Portuguese languages.
0151 318 0559 View 0151 318 0559
Photo of Peter Banczyk, MBACP, Psychotherapist
Peter Banczyk
Psychotherapist, MBACP
Verified Verified
Liverpool L1  (Online Only)
While Doctors make up around 40% of my clients, I have helped people from all walks of life in my 24 years of practice, and if you are looking for a compassionate and experienced therapist, I may be right for you. I can help with; attachment, trauma, anxiety, depression, overwork / work stress, personal relationships, and more. A healthy self-relationship is, I believe, a much neglected and misunderstood area and one I help many people with each year. Video sessions can be an easy way to access a skilled practitioner with 20+ years of experience. You can find out more information about me on my website and read my blog.
While Doctors make up around 40% of my clients, I have helped people from all walks of life in my 24 years of practice, and if you are looking for a compassionate and experienced therapist, I may be right for you. I can help with; attachment, trauma, anxiety, depression, overwork / work stress, personal relationships, and more. A healthy self-relationship is, I believe, a much neglected and misunderstood area and one I help many people with each year. Video sessions can be an easy way to access a skilled practitioner with 20+ years of experience. You can find out more information about me on my website and read my blog.
0151 318 7790 View 0151 318 7790

See more therapy options for L1

How does your Counsellor compare?

Number of Counsellors in L1

100+

Average cost per session

£60

Counsellors in L1 who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
88% Depression
88% Self Esteem
82% Stress
80% Relationship Issues
66% Bereavement
66% Coping Skills

Average years in practice

9 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

52% Aviva
48% AXA PPP
48% Vitality

How Counsellors in L1 see their clients

74% In Person and Online
26% Online Only

Gender breakdown

72% Female
27% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling

How can I find a therapist in L1?

Search for nearby therapists or counsellors by inputting your city, postcode, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postcode into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are members of the main professional associations, mainly the British Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy (BACP) and the UK Council for Psychotherapy (UKCP). Most Psychologists in the directory are accredited members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and/or are registered in the Health and Care Professions Council (HPCP).

Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given that professional memberships are not a statutory requirement for psychotherapists and counsellors in the UK, certain qualified professionals or organisations may choose not to maintain such memberships despite possessing the necessary qualifications. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?

Counsellors, psychotherapists and psychologists can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and experience that enable them to do so in the UK. Psychologists have earned a degree in psychology and many are members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and have completed a postgraduate qualification in a specialism. Counsellors and Psychotherapists are not required to have a psychology degree, but to belong to a professional organisation such as the BACP or UKCP, they are required to have completed a training course as well as clinical and supervision hours.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the UK could be between £30 - £60 when seeing a counsellor and £60 - £150 and up when seeing a clinical psychologist. If you have private insurance, your plan may cover some if not all of your sessions. You should contact your insurance provider to determine if they provide coverage for therapy sessions and to determine what, if any, requirements they might have in order for your sessions to be covered, such as a referral from your GP or medical specialist.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. The NHS Talking therapies programme offers free of charge counselling for common mental health problems like anxiety and depression. The service is available to anyone registered with a GP, though you do not necessarily need to be referred by your GP and can refer yourself directly to a Talking therapies service. The service will provide different solutions, including group and individual therapy, for a limited number of sessions which are generally up to six.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postcode.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Therapists who are part of a professional organisation such as the BACP, the UKCP, or BPS are bound by an ethical framework that requires them to uphold a confidentiality agreement. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there has been participation in a criminal act or act of terror, or if there is potential or known harm to the client or others, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.