Counselling in Eastbourne

Photo of Sonia Sidonia Stiles - Downs Counselling Services, PsychD, MBACP, Counsellor
Downs Counselling Services
Counsellor, PsychD, MBACP
Verified Verified
Eastbourne BN22
Hi there, Are you feeling the stresses of Covid 19? Does life feel hard to deal with right now? I'm Sonia Stiles and I am a trained Counselling Therapist with 14 years of experience. As a member of the British Association of Counselling and Psychotherapy (MBACP), I work within the BACP Ethical Framework of Data Protection and Confidentiality. I specialise in Couple Therapy and Family Therapy. I help you address any friction and arguing in relationships that pull people apart and cause more hurt and upset. I do this by looking at the individuals with a caring and nurturing approach to enable everyone to look at the bigger picture.
Hi there, Are you feeling the stresses of Covid 19? Does life feel hard to deal with right now? I'm Sonia Stiles and I am a trained Counselling Therapist with 14 years of experience. As a member of the British Association of Counselling and Psychotherapy (MBACP), I work within the BACP Ethical Framework of Data Protection and Confidentiality. I specialise in Couple Therapy and Family Therapy. I help you address any friction and arguing in relationships that pull people apart and cause more hurt and upset. I do this by looking at the individuals with a caring and nurturing approach to enable everyone to look at the bigger picture.
01323 914807 View 01323 914807
Photo of Dr Alan Hebben-Wadey, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych., Psychologist
Dr Alan Hebben-Wadey
Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Verified Verified
Eastbourne BN20
Waitlist for new clients
I am a Clinical Psychologist with extensive experience in mental health, providing high-quality, evidence-based therapies to individuals and couples. In my private practice I offer assessments, therapy, and professional training. At Canterbury Christchurch University, I teach and develop courses on therapy for long-term health issues. My advanced training includes CBT, EMDR, Compassion Focused Therapy, ACT, and Emotion Focused Therapy. I have led NHS services for heart conditions, diabetes, neurological disorders, and workplace stress, and am dedicated to advancing mental health care through education and service development.
I am a Clinical Psychologist with extensive experience in mental health, providing high-quality, evidence-based therapies to individuals and couples. In my private practice I offer assessments, therapy, and professional training. At Canterbury Christchurch University, I teach and develop courses on therapy for long-term health issues. My advanced training includes CBT, EMDR, Compassion Focused Therapy, ACT, and Emotion Focused Therapy. I have led NHS services for heart conditions, diabetes, neurological disorders, and workplace stress, and am dedicated to advancing mental health care through education and service development.
View
Photo of Misgana Berhane - Hannah Counsellor/EMDR Practitioner & Supervisor, MBACP Accred, Counsellor
Hannah Counsellor/EMDR Practitioner & Supervisor
Counsellor, MBACP Accred
Verified Verified
Eastbourne BN21
Deciding to get help is 50% of the solution! Finding the right therapist is the first and most important step. With the right therapist, you feel understood and safe to explore difficult issues. I am an empathic listener who can help you gain insight into your life. To make changes in your life, relationships, your job, or dealing with multiple issues such as depression and anxiety. I am committed to working with you to meet your unique needs and achieve your goals.
Deciding to get help is 50% of the solution! Finding the right therapist is the first and most important step. With the right therapist, you feel understood and safe to explore difficult issues. I am an empathic listener who can help you gain insight into your life. To make changes in your life, relationships, your job, or dealing with multiple issues such as depression and anxiety. I am committed to working with you to meet your unique needs and achieve your goals.
01323 403249 View 01323 403249
Photo of Dr Clare Crawford, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych., Psychologist
Dr Clare Crawford
Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Verified Verified
Eastbourne BN20
I feel very passionately about the positive effect that therapy can have upon peoples lives. Over the years I’ve worked with a range of challenges that people can experience. Working through pain or difficulties together is a process I find very rewarding. Often people will arrive being unsure what to expect and feeling apprehensive about what is to come. My approach is to create a welcoming, warm and confidential space where together we can gain an understanding of your situation. I am trained to draw from several therapeutic models so we can find a way forward that suits your preferences and goals for change.
I feel very passionately about the positive effect that therapy can have upon peoples lives. Over the years I’ve worked with a range of challenges that people can experience. Working through pain or difficulties together is a process I find very rewarding. Often people will arrive being unsure what to expect and feeling apprehensive about what is to come. My approach is to create a welcoming, warm and confidential space where together we can gain an understanding of your situation. I am trained to draw from several therapeutic models so we can find a way forward that suits your preferences and goals for change.
01323 679818 View 01323 679818
Photo of Emily Mia Hughes-Smith Bsc Dip.Sup, BACP, Counsellor
Emily Mia Hughes-Smith Bsc Dip.Sup
Counsellor, BACP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Eastbourne BN21
Hi, I am a person-centred experiential counsellor, supervisor and counselling tutor based in Eastbourne. I offer a safe, confidential and gentle space for you to explore potentially difficult, tender and traumatic aspects of life. I believe in the relationship between myself and my clients and that by offering specific conditions through counselling we can work towards positive and long lasting change. I believe in our human potential for change and encourage gentle and compassionate challenge to support people in becoming more comfortable in their experience.
Hi, I am a person-centred experiential counsellor, supervisor and counselling tutor based in Eastbourne. I offer a safe, confidential and gentle space for you to explore potentially difficult, tender and traumatic aspects of life. I believe in the relationship between myself and my clients and that by offering specific conditions through counselling we can work towards positive and long lasting change. I believe in our human potential for change and encourage gentle and compassionate challenge to support people in becoming more comfortable in their experience.
01323 405812 View 01323 405812
Photo of Francesca Hamilton, MBACP Accred, Psychotherapist
Francesca Hamilton
Psychotherapist, MBACP Accred
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Eastbourne BN21
Welcome to my page. I provide a genuine, empathetic and grounding presence for you, so you have a trusted companion on your journey in therapy. I am passionate about supporting my clients to explore their issues, feelings, beliefs, behaviours and worldview, so that you may become more self-determining and understanding of yourself or your situation . As an accredited Person Centred Experiential therapist and Supervisor, I believe everyone deserves a space to feel heard and supported. Whatever the reason may be to seek counselling, I strive to offer a safe, confidential and nurturing environment for you.
Welcome to my page. I provide a genuine, empathetic and grounding presence for you, so you have a trusted companion on your journey in therapy. I am passionate about supporting my clients to explore their issues, feelings, beliefs, behaviours and worldview, so that you may become more self-determining and understanding of yourself or your situation . As an accredited Person Centred Experiential therapist and Supervisor, I believe everyone deserves a space to feel heard and supported. Whatever the reason may be to seek counselling, I strive to offer a safe, confidential and nurturing environment for you.
01323 914802 View 01323 914802
Photo of Chloe Regan, MBACP, Counsellor
Chloe Regan
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Eastbourne BN21
Are you feeling overwhelmed, stuck, anxious or depressed? Or maybe it’s difficult to identify exactly what you are feeling. Life can be a complex journey which can leave you feeling isolated and lonely as you navigate your way through. Whatever it is that is drawing you to choose counselling, I offer you a safe, non-judgemental and confidential space to explore your challenges together. Through our sessions together, I aim to facilitate a space where you develop a better understanding of how to navigate your challenges, where resilience and self-esteem are increased and where you go on to live a more fulfilling life.
Are you feeling overwhelmed, stuck, anxious or depressed? Or maybe it’s difficult to identify exactly what you are feeling. Life can be a complex journey which can leave you feeling isolated and lonely as you navigate your way through. Whatever it is that is drawing you to choose counselling, I offer you a safe, non-judgemental and confidential space to explore your challenges together. Through our sessions together, I aim to facilitate a space where you develop a better understanding of how to navigate your challenges, where resilience and self-esteem are increased and where you go on to live a more fulfilling life.
01323 408026 View 01323 408026
Photo of Alison Skilbeck, MBACP, Counsellor
Alison Skilbeck
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Eastbourne BN22
If you decide to work with me it will be rather like setting out on a journey together. On that journey I’ll be your fellow traveller, companion and guide. Whether or not your reason for coming to see me is an external situation that’s impacting your life, a key part of our time together will be to explore your inner world. As we explore that world together you may develop greater insight into patterns of thought and behaviour that served you once but now limit you; you may find alternative ways of approaching difficulties; you may discover a way of being in the world that is more in tune with who you truly are.
If you decide to work with me it will be rather like setting out on a journey together. On that journey I’ll be your fellow traveller, companion and guide. Whether or not your reason for coming to see me is an external situation that’s impacting your life, a key part of our time together will be to explore your inner world. As we explore that world together you may develop greater insight into patterns of thought and behaviour that served you once but now limit you; you may find alternative ways of approaching difficulties; you may discover a way of being in the world that is more in tune with who you truly are.
01323 914938 View 01323 914938
Photo of Tom Masterton - Phoenix Therapy, MBACP, Psychotherapist
Phoenix Therapy
Psychotherapist, MBACP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Eastbourne BN21
Thank you for choosing to view my profile. Life is never a straight line and sometimes there can be obstacles that cause us to need to reach out for help to overcome them. I am a qualified counsellor/psychotherapist that takes a person-centred approach to working with clients. This means I will work with you, at a speed and depth that's comfortable, without judgement or interpretation. I believe that we as individuals are the experts of our own lives, and we all have the ability to develop and change when given the right nurturing conditions.
Thank you for choosing to view my profile. Life is never a straight line and sometimes there can be obstacles that cause us to need to reach out for help to overcome them. I am a qualified counsellor/psychotherapist that takes a person-centred approach to working with clients. This means I will work with you, at a speed and depth that's comfortable, without judgement or interpretation. I believe that we as individuals are the experts of our own lives, and we all have the ability to develop and change when given the right nurturing conditions.
01323 679504 View 01323 679504
Photo of Michaela Sheppard, MBACP, Counsellor
Michaela Sheppard
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
Eastbourne BN21
I am an experienced integrative therapist currently working in Harley Street, Eastbourne, Hastings and Brighton. My practice is open to adults, adolescents and children. Whether you are struggling with anxiety or depression, yearning for a better relationship, or seeking more fulfillment in life, therapy can offer relief and hope. I have a passion for working with children and teenagers, relationship and attachment issues. My goal is to assist those who wish to learn a new way of relating whether it involves parenting,couples or individuals. I use a combination of techniques that are tailored to you in your process towards healing.
I am an experienced integrative therapist currently working in Harley Street, Eastbourne, Hastings and Brighton. My practice is open to adults, adolescents and children. Whether you are struggling with anxiety or depression, yearning for a better relationship, or seeking more fulfillment in life, therapy can offer relief and hope. I have a passion for working with children and teenagers, relationship and attachment issues. My goal is to assist those who wish to learn a new way of relating whether it involves parenting,couples or individuals. I use a combination of techniques that are tailored to you in your process towards healing.
01323 409758 View 01323 409758
Photo of Ben French - Ben French at Eastbourne Child Therapy, MA, BPC, Psychotherapist
Ben French at Eastbourne Child Therapy
Psychotherapist, MA, BPC
Verified Verified
Eastbourne BN21
Working therapeutically with children and teenagers is different from therapy with adults, it requires specialist skills and knowledge. My graduate training included a Masters and 5 years clinical at the Tavistock and Portman (NHS), a world centre for Child and Adolescent Psychotherapy. I work as a Senior Psychotherapist in CAMHS (NHS) and privately with 2 to 25 year olds, and have significant clinical experience in evidence based psychotherapy for depression, self harm, suicidal thoughts, anxiety, abuse, tics, phobias, eating disorders, adoption, illness, trauma, ADHD, school and family problems, and body, trans and gender issues.
Working therapeutically with children and teenagers is different from therapy with adults, it requires specialist skills and knowledge. My graduate training included a Masters and 5 years clinical at the Tavistock and Portman (NHS), a world centre for Child and Adolescent Psychotherapy. I work as a Senior Psychotherapist in CAMHS (NHS) and privately with 2 to 25 year olds, and have significant clinical experience in evidence based psychotherapy for depression, self harm, suicidal thoughts, anxiety, abuse, tics, phobias, eating disorders, adoption, illness, trauma, ADHD, school and family problems, and body, trans and gender issues.
01323 671017 View 01323 671017
Photo of Cate Miller, MSc, MBACP, Counsellor
Cate Miller
Counsellor, MSc, MBACP
Verified Verified
Eastbourne BN21
Are you feeling anxious, stressed or burnt out? Have you experienced trauma and want help to feel safe again? Maybe you are either diagnosed or self-diagnosed with autism, ADHD and/or dyslexia and you’re struggling in a world that doesn’t seem to be designed for you? You might feel like everything is spinning out of control and you’re too overwhelmed to know how to respond? Perhaps you even believe you’re too much for others to cope with and a burden on your friends and family?
Are you feeling anxious, stressed or burnt out? Have you experienced trauma and want help to feel safe again? Maybe you are either diagnosed or self-diagnosed with autism, ADHD and/or dyslexia and you’re struggling in a world that doesn’t seem to be designed for you? You might feel like everything is spinning out of control and you’re too overwhelmed to know how to respond? Perhaps you even believe you’re too much for others to cope with and a burden on your friends and family?
01323 921078 View 01323 921078
Photo of Nicolas Karapatis, MA, MUKCP, Psychotherapist
Nicolas Karapatis
Psychotherapist, MA, MUKCP
Verified Verified
Eastbourne BN21
As an existential counsellor and psychotherapist I work with individuals who are seeking to improve their situation in life. You might be suffering from anxiety, depression, addiction, or just wanting to reflect on your position in the world and the decisions that have brought you to the present moment. Whatever the issue might be, talking through your problems can bring new light to how you see yourself and those around you.
As an existential counsellor and psychotherapist I work with individuals who are seeking to improve their situation in life. You might be suffering from anxiety, depression, addiction, or just wanting to reflect on your position in the world and the decisions that have brought you to the present moment. Whatever the issue might be, talking through your problems can bring new light to how you see yourself and those around you.
01323 690082 View 01323 690082
Photo of Alan Smithson, MBACP Accred, Counsellor
Alan Smithson
Counsellor, MBACP Accred
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Eastbourne BN21
Whatever you're going through, I'm listening.
Whatever you're going through, I'm listening.
01323 921148 View 01323 921148
Photo of Aimee Shelley Mines - Aimee Shelley, MBACP, Counsellor
Aimee Shelley
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
Eastbourne BN22
Hi I’m Aimee, I embrace a warm, open, empathetic and non-judgmental attitude within a trusting therapeutic relationship promoting growth and change. I respect and value each persons individuality and offer a confidential, calm and safe space in which you are empowered to explore your own feelings and emotions. Working together through anything that is troubling you leading to therapeutic change, with a goal to moving towards a more positive future and self-understanding.
Hi I’m Aimee, I embrace a warm, open, empathetic and non-judgmental attitude within a trusting therapeutic relationship promoting growth and change. I respect and value each persons individuality and offer a confidential, calm and safe space in which you are empowered to explore your own feelings and emotions. Working together through anything that is troubling you leading to therapeutic change, with a goal to moving towards a more positive future and self-understanding.
01323 396960 View 01323 396960
Photo of Martin Barry Ollington, MBACP, Counsellor
Martin Barry Ollington
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
Eastbourne BN22
Welcome to my counselling and psychotherapy private practice. I work in 2 practices - Wallington and Eastbourne surrey. Online, around the UK and internationally. www.zoomcounsellor.com www.integrativecounsellor.com
Welcome to my counselling and psychotherapy private practice. I work in 2 practices - Wallington and Eastbourne surrey. Online, around the UK and internationally. www.zoomcounsellor.com www.integrativecounsellor.com
01798 309993 View 01798 309993
Photo of Catherine M Telford, MBACP, Counsellor
Catherine M Telford
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
Eastbourne BN21
Are you sensitive and experiencing low motivation for your life and work, stuck or somehow blocked? Are you a creative professional or someone who identifies as creative?  Feeling lost, confused, doubting or criticising yourself? Maybe relationships are also being affected with professional and personal issues and you have noticed past pains and happenings have re-emerged and not knowing how to find a way through? Or where external pressures as well as internal processes that are uncomfortable, different can become repetitively frustrating, and then even huge difficulties in pursuit of the creative project and living your life.
Are you sensitive and experiencing low motivation for your life and work, stuck or somehow blocked? Are you a creative professional or someone who identifies as creative?  Feeling lost, confused, doubting or criticising yourself? Maybe relationships are also being affected with professional and personal issues and you have noticed past pains and happenings have re-emerged and not knowing how to find a way through? Or where external pressures as well as internal processes that are uncomfortable, different can become repetitively frustrating, and then even huge difficulties in pursuit of the creative project and living your life.
01323 921088 View 01323 921088
Photo of Alison Allart, MNCPS Acc., Psychotherapist
Alison Allart
Psychotherapist, MNCPS Acc.
Verified Verified
Eastbourne BN21
I am a CBT/REBT Accredited Psychotherapist and EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitisation Reprocessing) Practitioner. I am also a Lead Mental Health Practitioner working in secondary schools and work with both adults and adolescents in my private practice based in Eastbourne. I have been working in the field of psychotherapy for over 7 years and am able to support clients through the process of reaching their emotional goals.
I am a CBT/REBT Accredited Psychotherapist and EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitisation Reprocessing) Practitioner. I am also a Lead Mental Health Practitioner working in secondary schools and work with both adults and adolescents in my private practice based in Eastbourne. I have been working in the field of psychotherapy for over 7 years and am able to support clients through the process of reaching their emotional goals.
01323 679848 View 01323 679848
Photo of Sam Driscoll, MBACP, Psychotherapist
Sam Driscoll
Psychotherapist, MBACP
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Eastbourne BN21
Life is difficult and often complex, sometimes engaging in a professional therapeutic relationship can help us make sense of things that are causing us distress. I am a person-centred therapist and I care deeply about the work I do. My therapeutic modality has trained me to work holistically with people as a whole rather than work in a problem specific way. I endeavour to co-create relationships which have a healing effect on my clients. Although I have extensive experience with depression, anxiety and addiction, I work with people, not just their problems.
Life is difficult and often complex, sometimes engaging in a professional therapeutic relationship can help us make sense of things that are causing us distress. I am a person-centred therapist and I care deeply about the work I do. My therapeutic modality has trained me to work holistically with people as a whole rather than work in a problem specific way. I endeavour to co-create relationships which have a healing effect on my clients. Although I have extensive experience with depression, anxiety and addiction, I work with people, not just their problems.
01323 396922 View 01323 396922
Photo of Rhys James Quantrill, MBACP, Counsellor
Rhys James Quantrill
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Eastbourne BN23
You've found your way here, welcome. We can struggle tremendously in trying to contend with life’s challenges alone. As daunting as it can sometimes feel, asking for support can feel freeing in itself. I’m yet to know exactly what has brought you here but I trust you are here for a reason. Maybe you are feeling disconnected from yourself, experiencing relationship difficulties, or going through huge changes. Our reasons for seeking counselling support may differ but we all want to feel heard, valued and appreciated in who we are and what we have to share and that is what I trust you will feel in the space I am offering you.
You've found your way here, welcome. We can struggle tremendously in trying to contend with life’s challenges alone. As daunting as it can sometimes feel, asking for support can feel freeing in itself. I’m yet to know exactly what has brought you here but I trust you are here for a reason. Maybe you are feeling disconnected from yourself, experiencing relationship difficulties, or going through huge changes. Our reasons for seeking counselling support may differ but we all want to feel heard, valued and appreciated in who we are and what we have to share and that is what I trust you will feel in the space I am offering you.
01323 921064 View 01323 921064
1

See more therapy options for Eastbourne

How does your Counsellor compare?

Number of Counsellors in Eastbourne

100+

Average cost per session

£55

Counsellors in Eastbourne who prioritize treating:

89% Anxiety
85% Depression
83% Self Esteem
80% Relationship Issues
79% Stress
76% Bereavement
62% Trauma and PTSD

Average years in practice

8 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

66% AXA PPP
59% Aviva
56% Bupa

How Counsellors in Eastbourne see their clients

91% In Person and Online
9% Online Only

Gender breakdown

76% Female
23% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling

How can I find a therapist in Eastbourne?

Search for nearby therapists or counsellors by inputting your city, postcode, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postcode into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are members of the main professional associations, mainly the British Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy (BACP) and the UK Council for Psychotherapy (UKCP). Most Psychologists in the directory are accredited members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and/or are registered in the Health and Care Professions Council (HPCP).

Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given that professional memberships are not a statutory requirement for psychotherapists and counsellors in the UK, certain qualified professionals or organisations may choose not to maintain such memberships despite possessing the necessary qualifications. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?

Counsellors, psychotherapists and psychologists can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and experience that enable them to do so in the UK. Psychologists have earned a degree in psychology and many are members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and have completed a postgraduate qualification in a specialism. Counsellors and Psychotherapists are not required to have a psychology degree, but to belong to a professional organisation such as the BACP or UKCP, they are required to have completed a training course as well as clinical and supervision hours.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the UK could be between £30 - £60 when seeing a counsellor and £60 - £150 and up when seeing a clinical psychologist. If you have private insurance, your plan may cover some if not all of your sessions. You should contact your insurance provider to determine if they provide coverage for therapy sessions and to determine what, if any, requirements they might have in order for your sessions to be covered, such as a referral from your GP or medical specialist.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. The NHS Talking therapies programme offers free of charge counselling for common mental health problems like anxiety and depression. The service is available to anyone registered with a GP, though you do not necessarily need to be referred by your GP and can refer yourself directly to a Talking therapies service. The service will provide different solutions, including group and individual therapy, for a limited number of sessions which are generally up to six.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postcode.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Therapists who are part of a professional organisation such as the BACP, the UKCP, or BPS are bound by an ethical framework that requires them to uphold a confidentiality agreement. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there has been participation in a criminal act or act of terror, or if there is potential or known harm to the client or others, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.