Counselling in Glasgow

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Photo of Mary Wilson, Counsellor
Mary Wilson
Counsellor
Verified Verified
Glasgow G42  (Online Only)
Thank you for checking out my page. We can all get stuck in distressing thoughts, emotions, and behaviours. Sometimes our circumstances change, our past keeps us stuck, or our ways of coping feel like they no longer work. I specialise in helping people overcome these problems through Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT). We will work together to help you identify and challenge negative thought patterns and behaviours that contribute to your distress, empowering you to feel more in control of your mental health.
Thank you for checking out my page. We can all get stuck in distressing thoughts, emotions, and behaviours. Sometimes our circumstances change, our past keeps us stuck, or our ways of coping feel like they no longer work. I specialise in helping people overcome these problems through Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT). We will work together to help you identify and challenge negative thought patterns and behaviours that contribute to your distress, empowering you to feel more in control of your mental health.
0141 673 0626 x44 View 0141 673 0626 x44
Photo of Jacqueline Gildea - Evanesce Counselling - Dr Jacqueline Gildea , PhD, GMBPsS, Counsellor
Evanesce Counselling - Dr Jacqueline Gildea
Counsellor, PhD, GMBPsS
Verified Verified
Glasgow G20
I believe that transformation does not just happen, it takes a plan and a support system that I can provide for you, in a safe place were you can feel listened to and understood. When you are struggling to cope with the effects of difficult life events, feelings or experiences, it can be overwhelming. Sharing your experiences and feelings with someone outside your own immediate situation provides you with a chance to unburden and I am here to support you during every step of the your journey. I want to empower you to take back control of your life, help build your resilient again and to live in a more positive and rewarding way.
I believe that transformation does not just happen, it takes a plan and a support system that I can provide for you, in a safe place were you can feel listened to and understood. When you are struggling to cope with the effects of difficult life events, feelings or experiences, it can be overwhelming. Sharing your experiences and feelings with someone outside your own immediate situation provides you with a chance to unburden and I am here to support you during every step of the your journey. I want to empower you to take back control of your life, help build your resilient again and to live in a more positive and rewarding way.
0141 483 7404 View 0141 483 7404
Photo of Dr Emma Selby, CPsychol, Psychologist
Dr Emma Selby
Psychologist, CPsychol
Verified Verified
Glasgow G61
Not accepting new clients
I believe the difficulties we experience in life can be highly impactful on how we see ourselves, how we relate to ourselves/others and on our own wellbeing. We can become stuck in unhelpful patterns of behaviour, trapped in our own internal conflict or afraid of/detached from our own emotion. Recognising that each of us is unique, I view therapy as a highly individualised process that aims to help us understand how our own internal world may be impacting our external problems. Focus is placed on gaining a compassionate understanding of why our lives are as they are and on processing any blocked emotion that is preventing change.
I believe the difficulties we experience in life can be highly impactful on how we see ourselves, how we relate to ourselves/others and on our own wellbeing. We can become stuck in unhelpful patterns of behaviour, trapped in our own internal conflict or afraid of/detached from our own emotion. Recognising that each of us is unique, I view therapy as a highly individualised process that aims to help us understand how our own internal world may be impacting our external problems. Focus is placed on gaining a compassionate understanding of why our lives are as they are and on processing any blocked emotion that is preventing change.
0141 465 5636 View 0141 465 5636
Photo of Ellis Reddick, MSc, MBABCP, Counsellor
Ellis Reddick
Counsellor, MSc, MBABCP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Glasgow G51  (Online Only)
I'm an integrative CBT therapist based in Glasgow. I specialise in helping people with anxiety, depression, low self-esteem, and relationship issues. My gentle and non-judgmental approach creates a safe environment for self-exploration.
I'm an integrative CBT therapist based in Glasgow. I specialise in helping people with anxiety, depression, low self-esteem, and relationship issues. My gentle and non-judgmental approach creates a safe environment for self-exploration.
0141 673 1657 View 0141 673 1657
Photo of Jill Ogston, HCPC - Clin. Psych., Psychologist
Jill Ogston
Psychologist, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Verified Verified
Glasgow G61  (Online Only)
Hi I am Dr Jill Ogston and I am a highly experienced Clinical Psychologist at The Beacon Practice. I offer psychological assessment and therapeutic intervention in West and Central Scotland. I work with children, adults and families to help them understand and manage a wide range of emotional difficulties. In addition, I have particular expertise in working with people with Autism Spectrum Conditions and related conditions; in providing support to live in a neurotypical world, with emotional difficulties and in providing an opinion on whether a full assessment of Autism would be helpful.
Hi I am Dr Jill Ogston and I am a highly experienced Clinical Psychologist at The Beacon Practice. I offer psychological assessment and therapeutic intervention in West and Central Scotland. I work with children, adults and families to help them understand and manage a wide range of emotional difficulties. In addition, I have particular expertise in working with people with Autism Spectrum Conditions and related conditions; in providing support to live in a neurotypical world, with emotional difficulties and in providing an opinion on whether a full assessment of Autism would be helpful.
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Photo of Jennifer Brown, MCOSCA, Counsellor
Jennifer Brown
Counsellor, MCOSCA
Verified Verified
Glasgow G3
Anxiety, depression, loss, stress, trauma (childhood or recent), work or school problems, overwhelming emotions, relationship issues, significant life events and changes. Whatever has brought you here, welcome. We offer a safe space to explore and express, a practitioner who will come alongside you at this time and support you as you work out a way forward, together.
Anxiety, depression, loss, stress, trauma (childhood or recent), work or school problems, overwhelming emotions, relationship issues, significant life events and changes. Whatever has brought you here, welcome. We offer a safe space to explore and express, a practitioner who will come alongside you at this time and support you as you work out a way forward, together.
0141 673 4919 View 0141 673 4919
Photo of Heather Macfarlane, MA, MCOSCA Accred, Psychotherapist
Heather Macfarlane
Psychotherapist, MA, MCOSCA Accred
Verified Verified
Glasgow G3  (Online Only)
Do you feel overwhelmed or anxious? Is it all getting too much at times? Do you feel stuck but don’t know how to change? It can help to have someone impartial to talk to who can help you through difficult times and give you some space to deal with whatever is causing your distress. This is where therapy can help. I believe people seek therapy because they want to make a change in their lives. This can be scary, but having felt overwhelmed and anxious at times myself, I hope to be able to offer a supportive, calm, safe environment for you to explore your issues and work towards the best solution for you.
Do you feel overwhelmed or anxious? Is it all getting too much at times? Do you feel stuck but don’t know how to change? It can help to have someone impartial to talk to who can help you through difficult times and give you some space to deal with whatever is causing your distress. This is where therapy can help. I believe people seek therapy because they want to make a change in their lives. This can be scary, but having felt overwhelmed and anxious at times myself, I hope to be able to offer a supportive, calm, safe environment for you to explore your issues and work towards the best solution for you.
0141 673 0245 View 0141 673 0245
Photo of Emma Mackintosh, MA, Counsellor
Emma Mackintosh
Counsellor, MA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Glasgow G42  (Online Only)
Are you feeling lost, overwhelmed, tired, stressed, anxious, alone, burnt out, depressed? Want a happier, peaceful and more fulfilled life, but don't know where to start?
Are you feeling lost, overwhelmed, tired, stressed, anxious, alone, burnt out, depressed? Want a happier, peaceful and more fulfilled life, but don't know where to start?
0141 673 1473 View 0141 673 1473
Photo of Nurturing Hearts Lisa Ann Harkins, MBACP, Counsellor
Nurturing Hearts Lisa Ann Harkins
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Glasgow G2
Hi there, thank you for visiting my profile. I am Lisa Ann, an Integrative Humanistic Counsellor. My practice is grounded in a person centred approach and I believe that we are all unique, that we are experts in our own story! Being Integrative allows me to draw from a range of different modalities, and apply them to best suit your needs as the client. Sometimes life can be very difficult and can leave us feeling stuck between a rock and a hard place. If you want to seek some help getting out of that hard place, then please get in touch and lets see if I can help you. Being human is tough, but rest assured your not alone!
Hi there, thank you for visiting my profile. I am Lisa Ann, an Integrative Humanistic Counsellor. My practice is grounded in a person centred approach and I believe that we are all unique, that we are experts in our own story! Being Integrative allows me to draw from a range of different modalities, and apply them to best suit your needs as the client. Sometimes life can be very difficult and can leave us feeling stuck between a rock and a hard place. If you want to seek some help getting out of that hard place, then please get in touch and lets see if I can help you. Being human is tough, but rest assured your not alone!
0141 465 5221 View 0141 465 5221
Photo of Pamali Goonetilleke, MBACP, Psychotherapist
Pamali Goonetilleke
Psychotherapist, MBACP
Verified Verified
Glasgow G62  (Online Only)
I am a Cognitive Behavioural Therapist who is dedicated and motivated to improving a client’s mental health and well-being. Helping people feel better about themselves is my passion and my purpose. I appreciate that reaching out for help is not always an easy thing to do. Choosing the right therapist is an important part of therapy and I offer a free telephone consultation with no obligations. I treat every inquiry with sensitivity and compassion to create a space that promotes autonomy, connection, and growth.
I am a Cognitive Behavioural Therapist who is dedicated and motivated to improving a client’s mental health and well-being. Helping people feel better about themselves is my passion and my purpose. I appreciate that reaching out for help is not always an easy thing to do. Choosing the right therapist is an important part of therapy and I offer a free telephone consultation with no obligations. I treat every inquiry with sensitivity and compassion to create a space that promotes autonomy, connection, and growth.
0141 673 6170 View 0141 673 6170
Photo of Debbie Ramsay - Debbie Ramsay at the Room Without A Roof
Debbie Ramsay at the Room Without A Roof
Verified Verified
Glasgow G1
Hi there, I’m Debbie, an experienced, Qualified Cognitive Behavioural Therapist and I have successfully supported many Clients with a wide range of issues. CBT is a form of talking therapy that is both collaborative and practical. It focuses on situations in our life, our thoughts about them, our behaviour in relation to coping with these, the resulting emotional feelings and physical symptoms and how all of these interrelate. Every person and experience is unique and so I do not have a cookie-cutter approach to my practice, the work we do together in our sessions will be adapted to address your needs and implemented at your pace.
Hi there, I’m Debbie, an experienced, Qualified Cognitive Behavioural Therapist and I have successfully supported many Clients with a wide range of issues. CBT is a form of talking therapy that is both collaborative and practical. It focuses on situations in our life, our thoughts about them, our behaviour in relation to coping with these, the resulting emotional feelings and physical symptoms and how all of these interrelate. Every person and experience is unique and so I do not have a cookie-cutter approach to my practice, the work we do together in our sessions will be adapted to address your needs and implemented at your pace.
0141 673 0536 View 0141 673 0536
Photo of Malcolm Sutherland - Your Life Change, MSc, MBABCP, Counsellor
Your Life Change
Counsellor, MSc, MBABCP
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Glasgow G31
I am a BABCP Accredited CBT therapist. I am also an Associate Member of ISST (International Schema Society) and have a background in professional drama. I have an integrative approach to therapy, and will a blend of these skills to help you improve the quality of your life.
I am a BABCP Accredited CBT therapist. I am also an Associate Member of ISST (International Schema Society) and have a background in professional drama. I have an integrative approach to therapy, and will a blend of these skills to help you improve the quality of your life.
0141 673 8819 View 0141 673 8819
Photo of Dr Maciej Iwanowicz, DCounsPsych, HCPC - Couns. Psych., Psychologist
Dr Maciej Iwanowicz
Psychologist, DCounsPsych, HCPC - Couns. Psych.
Verified Verified
Glasgow G42  (Online Only)
I am an experienced Counselling Psychologist, with additional Masters degrees in Clinical Psychology and Cognitive Neuroscience. I always prioritise my clients and their individual needs. I work collaboratively and flexibly within a safe and non-judgemental environment. I want you to feel heard and understood and find the best way we can work together.
I am an experienced Counselling Psychologist, with additional Masters degrees in Clinical Psychology and Cognitive Neuroscience. I always prioritise my clients and their individual needs. I work collaboratively and flexibly within a safe and non-judgemental environment. I want you to feel heard and understood and find the best way we can work together.
0141 280 6657 View 0141 280 6657
Photo of Dr Kirstie Rees - Kirstie Rees Psychology, PhD, HCPC - Ed. Psych., Psychologist
Kirstie Rees Psychology
Psychologist, PhD, HCPC - Ed. Psych.
Verified Verified
Glasgow G44
Are you a parent or carer of a child or young person who has additional support needs, special educational needs or learning disabilities? Are you struggling to understand your child's needs and their behaviours? Would you like to learn more about helpful strategies and approaches that you can use to reduce their behaviours and anxiety, or to enhance your child's mental health and learning? Would your child benefit from help to navigate relationships and school? Would it be helpful for you, too, to talk over your concerns in a safe, and supportive setting?
Are you a parent or carer of a child or young person who has additional support needs, special educational needs or learning disabilities? Are you struggling to understand your child's needs and their behaviours? Would you like to learn more about helpful strategies and approaches that you can use to reduce their behaviours and anxiety, or to enhance your child's mental health and learning? Would your child benefit from help to navigate relationships and school? Would it be helpful for you, too, to talk over your concerns in a safe, and supportive setting?
01355 209636 View 01355 209636
Photo of Lynda Dickie, DCounsPsych
Lynda Dickie
DCounsPsych
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Glasgow G2
Do you feel unhappy or stuck and seem to be unable to make changes on your own? Or perhaps you are looking for someone caring to talk through your difficult thoughts and emotions to help you move forward with your life? Whatever your needs, I can provide therapy in a safe space tailored to help tackle specific problems, Together we will explore the problems that have brought you to therapy and I will work alongside you to help shine a light on difficult areas It often brings relief to understand your problems, to know you are not alone or different in what you are experiencing.
Do you feel unhappy or stuck and seem to be unable to make changes on your own? Or perhaps you are looking for someone caring to talk through your difficult thoughts and emotions to help you move forward with your life? Whatever your needs, I can provide therapy in a safe space tailored to help tackle specific problems, Together we will explore the problems that have brought you to therapy and I will work alongside you to help shine a light on difficult areas It often brings relief to understand your problems, to know you are not alone or different in what you are experiencing.
01698 757622 View 01698 757622
Photo of Leila Frondigoun, MA, MUKCP, Psychotherapist
Leila Frondigoun
Psychotherapist, MA, MUKCP
Verified Verified
Glasgow G43
You may be looking to understand a relationship pattern or explore something that has happened in your life. Perhaps you feel stuck and need to make a change, large or small, but don't know where to start. You may need a space in your life that is just for you. Whatever brings you to therapy, I offer my clients an experience of co-creative therapy in that I will work alongside you to identify your needs and facilitate what needs to happen. We can bring out your internal world and experience it from a different perspective to facilitate catharsis, self expression, self understanding and insight.
You may be looking to understand a relationship pattern or explore something that has happened in your life. Perhaps you feel stuck and need to make a change, large or small, but don't know where to start. You may need a space in your life that is just for you. Whatever brings you to therapy, I offer my clients an experience of co-creative therapy in that I will work alongside you to identify your needs and facilitate what needs to happen. We can bring out your internal world and experience it from a different perspective to facilitate catharsis, self expression, self understanding and insight.
01355 201190 View 01355 201190
Photo of Olivia Keller - Olivia Keller Wellbeing Services, MSc, MBABCP, Psychotherapist
Olivia Keller Wellbeing Services
Psychotherapist, MSc, MBABCP
Verified Verified
Glasgow G2  (Online Only)
Are you looking for help with adjusting to change? Maybe you're living abroad and struggling with culture shock. Or maybe your new role at work is causing you anxiety. I'm here to help you navigate these transitions. I have worked with business professionals from different industries (healthcare, start-ups, global organisations, academia) on topics such as stress management, anxiety, adjusting to a new culture, dealing with workplace issues, work-life balance, living according to your values, and building up your self-esteem. I can support you with making key changes so you can achieve your personal and professional goals.
Are you looking for help with adjusting to change? Maybe you're living abroad and struggling with culture shock. Or maybe your new role at work is causing you anxiety. I'm here to help you navigate these transitions. I have worked with business professionals from different industries (healthcare, start-ups, global organisations, academia) on topics such as stress management, anxiety, adjusting to a new culture, dealing with workplace issues, work-life balance, living according to your values, and building up your self-esteem. I can support you with making key changes so you can achieve your personal and professional goals.
0141 673 6862 View 0141 673 6862
Photo of Emma Parish, MBACP Accred, Psychotherapist
Emma Parish
Psychotherapist, MBACP Accred
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Glasgow G61
A warm welcome to you. Challenges that you might be facing right now, may seem small on the outside but can actually be very big on the inside which may be stopping you from enjoying and living life to the full. You can't change the past but you can change the influence that the past is having on you. I aim to offer you a safe, private and peaceful space to talk about the difficulties you are facing, to reflect on past experiences that may have left you anxious or depressed, and to work alongside you in making the changes that you feel you need. I am an member of the British Association of Counsellors and Psychotherapists (BACP)
A warm welcome to you. Challenges that you might be facing right now, may seem small on the outside but can actually be very big on the inside which may be stopping you from enjoying and living life to the full. You can't change the past but you can change the influence that the past is having on you. I aim to offer you a safe, private and peaceful space to talk about the difficulties you are facing, to reflect on past experiences that may have left you anxious or depressed, and to work alongside you in making the changes that you feel you need. I am an member of the British Association of Counsellors and Psychotherapists (BACP)
01389 318753 View 01389 318753
Photo of Dr Craig Dunn, HCPC - Couns. Psych., Psychologist
Dr Craig Dunn
Psychologist, HCPC - Couns. Psych.
Verified Verified
Glasgow G3
Hello and thank you for looking into my profile. It can be challenging finding the right therapist amidst a sea of warm faces and shiny profiles full of experience. However, I firmly believe that like any relationship, the therapeutic one needs to feel like a 'good fit' too. This outlook forms the ethos of my therapy practice as a counselling psychologist where I work in collaboration with a client to bring change through the healing properties of a relationship. It is my belief that a supportive, accepting relationship allows for deeper self exploration and long-lasting change.
Hello and thank you for looking into my profile. It can be challenging finding the right therapist amidst a sea of warm faces and shiny profiles full of experience. However, I firmly believe that like any relationship, the therapeutic one needs to feel like a 'good fit' too. This outlook forms the ethos of my therapy practice as a counselling psychologist where I work in collaboration with a client to bring change through the healing properties of a relationship. It is my belief that a supportive, accepting relationship allows for deeper self exploration and long-lasting change.
0141 673 0100 View 0141 673 0100
Photo of Will Telfer, MBACP Accred, Counsellor
Will Telfer
Counsellor, MBACP Accred
Verified Verified
Glasgow G69  (Online Only)
Hello, and thanks for looking at my profile. I’m an accredited therapist with over 15 years experience, and wholly comfortable in dealing with a range of issues, from trauma to depression, from abuse to anxiety. I’ve been described by clients as friendly, easy to talk to and empathic. For me, the most important element in therapy is whether you feel you can trust me - and I know this is not always easy. You’ve likely been hurt and perhaps a little wary and weary of people. I’m not going to “fix” you, I can’t! Though the good news is, by working collaboratively, you absolutely can heal the wounds you carry, of that I have no doubt.
Hello, and thanks for looking at my profile. I’m an accredited therapist with over 15 years experience, and wholly comfortable in dealing with a range of issues, from trauma to depression, from abuse to anxiety. I’ve been described by clients as friendly, easy to talk to and empathic. For me, the most important element in therapy is whether you feel you can trust me - and I know this is not always easy. You’ve likely been hurt and perhaps a little wary and weary of people. I’m not going to “fix” you, I can’t! Though the good news is, by working collaboratively, you absolutely can heal the wounds you carry, of that I have no doubt.
0141 465 5908 View 0141 465 5908
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See more therapy options for Glasgow

How does your Counsellor compare?

Number of Counsellors in Glasgow

500+

Average cost per session

£60

Counsellors in Glasgow who prioritize treating:

90% Anxiety
85% Depression
85% Self Esteem
82% Stress
74% Relationship Issues
64% Trauma and PTSD
60% Coping Skills

Average years in practice

6 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

61% Aviva
55% AXA PPP
54% Vitality

How Counsellors in Glasgow see their clients

69% In Person and Online
31% Online Only

Gender breakdown

77% Female
22% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling

How can I find a therapist in Glasgow?

Search for nearby therapists or counsellors by inputting your city, postcode, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postcode into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are members of the main professional associations, mainly the British Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy (BACP) and the UK Council for Psychotherapy (UKCP). Most Psychologists in the directory are accredited members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and/or are registered in the Health and Care Professions Council (HPCP).

Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given that professional memberships are not a statutory requirement for psychotherapists and counsellors in the UK, certain qualified professionals or organisations may choose not to maintain such memberships despite possessing the necessary qualifications. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?

Counsellors, psychotherapists and psychologists can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and experience that enable them to do so in the UK. Psychologists have earned a degree in psychology and many are members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and have completed a postgraduate qualification in a specialism. Counsellors and Psychotherapists are not required to have a psychology degree, but to belong to a professional organisation such as the BACP or UKCP, they are required to have completed a training course as well as clinical and supervision hours.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the UK could be between £30 - £60 when seeing a counsellor and £60 - £150 and up when seeing a clinical psychologist. If you have private insurance, your plan may cover some if not all of your sessions. You should contact your insurance provider to determine if they provide coverage for therapy sessions and to determine what, if any, requirements they might have in order for your sessions to be covered, such as a referral from your GP or medical specialist.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. The NHS Talking therapies programme offers free of charge counselling for common mental health problems like anxiety and depression. The service is available to anyone registered with a GP, though you do not necessarily need to be referred by your GP and can refer yourself directly to a Talking therapies service. The service will provide different solutions, including group and individual therapy, for a limited number of sessions which are generally up to six.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postcode.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Therapists who are part of a professional organisation such as the BACP, the UKCP, or BPS are bound by an ethical framework that requires them to uphold a confidentiality agreement. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there has been participation in a criminal act or act of terror, or if there is potential or known harm to the client or others, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.