Photo of Imogen Wade, MBACP, Counsellor
Imogen Wade
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
If you seeking to feel safe with a therapist, my goal is to provide you with a feeling of trust and security. You may feel this sense of safety in our first session, or it may take many sessions to build. I believe that when you are relaxed, open and comfortable, that is when the most fruitful work can take place. You may be struggling with complex trauma, anxiety, depression, childhood issues, self-harm or suicidal thoughts; or perhaps you aren't sure how to put into words what you're going through, you just know that you need to speak to someone.
If you seeking to feel safe with a therapist, my goal is to provide you with a feeling of trust and security. You may feel this sense of safety in our first session, or it may take many sessions to build. I believe that when you are relaxed, open and comfortable, that is when the most fruitful work can take place. You may be struggling with complex trauma, anxiety, depression, childhood issues, self-harm or suicidal thoughts; or perhaps you aren't sure how to put into words what you're going through, you just know that you need to speak to someone.
01793 540202 View 01793 540202
Photo of Andy Edwin Spencer, MNCPS Acc., Counsellor
Andy Edwin Spencer
Counsellor, MNCPS Acc.
Verified Verified
Life will always present us with challenges and difficult situations. Sometimes these challenges can get on top of us and we stop living and enjoying our lives as fully as we would like. This is where counselling can be of help. Counselling is about offering a supportive relationship in a safe and confidential environment to talk through whatever is concerning them. Counselling is not about giving advice and counsellors can never be experts in other people’s lives. Counselling is about helping people find their unique strengths to work through a particular issue in the best way for them so that they can live a happy life.
Life will always present us with challenges and difficult situations. Sometimes these challenges can get on top of us and we stop living and enjoying our lives as fully as we would like. This is where counselling can be of help. Counselling is about offering a supportive relationship in a safe and confidential environment to talk through whatever is concerning them. Counselling is not about giving advice and counsellors can never be experts in other people’s lives. Counselling is about helping people find their unique strengths to work through a particular issue in the best way for them so that they can live a happy life.
01483 930178 View 01483 930178
Photo of Marzena Steels, MA, MBACP, Counsellor
Marzena Steels
Counsellor, MA, MBACP
Verified Verified
Whatever you are feeling now, there is a light at the end of the tunnel. Life can be tricky sometimes and you may think that people can't understand you because of what you are going through. Sometimes you need someone to listen to you, to help you to understand what is actually happening. I can help you to walk through this journey, to find a way to a safe place which respects your values and beliefs. You can talk about any issues that bother you and explore your emotions without judgment. I have 19 years of training and experience in a broad range of topics in psychotherapy counselling and educational therapy.
Whatever you are feeling now, there is a light at the end of the tunnel. Life can be tricky sometimes and you may think that people can't understand you because of what you are going through. Sometimes you need someone to listen to you, to help you to understand what is actually happening. I can help you to walk through this journey, to find a way to a safe place which respects your values and beliefs. You can talk about any issues that bother you and explore your emotions without judgment. I have 19 years of training and experience in a broad range of topics in psychotherapy counselling and educational therapy.
01252 986481 View 01252 986481
Photo of Andrew Morrison, MBABCP, Psychotherapist
Andrew Morrison
Psychotherapist, MBABCP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Guildford GU2  (Online Only)
Hi, thanks for viewing my profile and considering therapy together. I have worked in the therapeutic field for nine years primarily with anxiety and depression difficulties in the NHS. My main therapeutic approach is Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT), I am also qualified in EMDR and have three years of counselling training.
Hi, thanks for viewing my profile and considering therapy together. I have worked in the therapeutic field for nine years primarily with anxiety and depression difficulties in the NHS. My main therapeutic approach is Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT), I am also qualified in EMDR and have three years of counselling training.
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Photo of Steve Maher, MA, MHGI, Psychotherapist
Steve Maher
Psychotherapist, MA, MHGI
Verified Verified
Hi, I’m Steve. I am a qualified and certified coach and psychotherapist with over 20 years experience specialising in anxiety, stress, depression, sleep, confidence and imposter syndrome issues. My approach is highly practical explaining how our minds work and providing you with a really useful toolkit to help you with coping and managing strategies.
Hi, I’m Steve. I am a qualified and certified coach and psychotherapist with over 20 years experience specialising in anxiety, stress, depression, sleep, confidence and imposter syndrome issues. My approach is highly practical explaining how our minds work and providing you with a really useful toolkit to help you with coping and managing strategies.
01483 968789 View 01483 968789
Photo of Warren Vinciguerra, MBACP, Counsellor
Warren Vinciguerra
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
Through my experience of nearly two decades of working within the mental health industry, I have continued to develop my empathy skills, along with a strong sense of compassion for my clients. I have the energy and motivation to wholeheartedly help my clients change. Over the course of my years in practice I have had the honour to participate in different treatment programmes, within a variety of contextual settings. This has included having the privilege to work at some of Europe’s best private clinics such as; Smarmore Castle, Lifeworks Community and Promis Clinics. I also have experience of working in a UK prison and a college.
Through my experience of nearly two decades of working within the mental health industry, I have continued to develop my empathy skills, along with a strong sense of compassion for my clients. I have the energy and motivation to wholeheartedly help my clients change. Over the course of my years in practice I have had the honour to participate in different treatment programmes, within a variety of contextual settings. This has included having the privilege to work at some of Europe’s best private clinics such as; Smarmore Castle, Lifeworks Community and Promis Clinics. I also have experience of working in a UK prison and a college.
07401 773492 View 07401 773492
Photo of Craig Coventry - Craig Coventry Counselling and Psychotherapy, MA, MBACP, Psychotherapist
Craig Coventry Counselling and Psychotherapy
Psychotherapist, MA, MBACP
Verified Verified
I am a Counsellor, Psychotherapist, trauma therapist and EMDR practitioner. I am registered and accredited member of the BACP. My primary way of working aims to work with the individual as a whole, through helping the client understand their thought and emotional processes. I work on the basis that each individual is able to direct themselves through their difficulties in the best way for them, and that my work is to help deepen their self-exploration and exploration of their difficulties so that clients are better equipped to navigate through their difficulties.
I am a Counsellor, Psychotherapist, trauma therapist and EMDR practitioner. I am registered and accredited member of the BACP. My primary way of working aims to work with the individual as a whole, through helping the client understand their thought and emotional processes. I work on the basis that each individual is able to direct themselves through their difficulties in the best way for them, and that my work is to help deepen their self-exploration and exploration of their difficulties so that clients are better equipped to navigate through their difficulties.
07480 488503 View 07480 488503
Photo of Tim Shore, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych., Psychologist
Tim Shore
Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Verified Verified
Hi there, I am an experienced Clinical Psychologist, trained to understand the different ways in which psychological distress can present itself and impact upon people’s lives. The breadth of my training and clinical experience enables me to draw upon different therapeutic approaches, thus allowing for a flexible approach, tailored to a person's needs and own set of circumstances. I will aim to help you better understand the underlying causes of your difficulties, supporting you along the way to make meaningful changes in the way you approach difficult situations in your work, with your partner or family, and in your social life.
Hi there, I am an experienced Clinical Psychologist, trained to understand the different ways in which psychological distress can present itself and impact upon people’s lives. The breadth of my training and clinical experience enables me to draw upon different therapeutic approaches, thus allowing for a flexible approach, tailored to a person's needs and own set of circumstances. I will aim to help you better understand the underlying causes of your difficulties, supporting you along the way to make meaningful changes in the way you approach difficult situations in your work, with your partner or family, and in your social life.
01793 540478 View 01793 540478
Photo of Emma Pott, MSc, MBACP Accred, Psychotherapist
Emma Pott
Psychotherapist, MSc, MBACP Accred
Verified Verified
I work primarily as a Relational Integrative Psychotherapist but also am an accredited DBT therapist. Loosely translated this means I use various theories and approaches to help my clients dependent on their needs. I have over 10 years experience within mental health and continue to work within a specialist personality disorder and trauma service in the NHS providing Dialectical, Cognitive and Mentalization Behaviour Therapy (DBT, CBT, MBT).
I work primarily as a Relational Integrative Psychotherapist but also am an accredited DBT therapist. Loosely translated this means I use various theories and approaches to help my clients dependent on their needs. I have over 10 years experience within mental health and continue to work within a specialist personality disorder and trauma service in the NHS providing Dialectical, Cognitive and Mentalization Behaviour Therapy (DBT, CBT, MBT).
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Photo of Sue Wheeler - Sue Wheeler Counselling & Psychotherapy, MSc, MBACP, Counsellor
Sue Wheeler Counselling & Psychotherapy
Counsellor, MSc, MBACP
Verified Verified
I am a counsellor in Guildford with 20 years experience helping adults and young people 16+ to cope with anxiety, depression, relationship issues, sleep difficulties, burnout or the impact of life with ADHD or Autism. I also offer counselling for study related issues such as exam stress, procrastination and presentation anxiety.
I am a counsellor in Guildford with 20 years experience helping adults and young people 16+ to cope with anxiety, depression, relationship issues, sleep difficulties, burnout or the impact of life with ADHD or Autism. I also offer counselling for study related issues such as exam stress, procrastination and presentation anxiety.
01793 540371 View 01793 540371
Photo of Dr Jo Gee, PhD, MUKCP, Psychotherapist
Dr Jo Gee
Psychotherapist, PhD, MUKCP
Verified Verified
I am a clinical psychotherapist offering psychotherapy and DBT to men, women and adolescents. My specialist areas include emotional dysregulation, OCD and personality disorders online and in Surrey and London. I am BACP and UKCP accredited, having completed a PhD and MSc at the University of Roehampton, alongside British Isles DBT Intensive Training and MBCT Training. I have a wealth of experience in NHS, forensic and private settings, including the Priory Group, and work alongside psychiatrists and mental health teams in Surrey and London.
I am a clinical psychotherapist offering psychotherapy and DBT to men, women and adolescents. My specialist areas include emotional dysregulation, OCD and personality disorders online and in Surrey and London. I am BACP and UKCP accredited, having completed a PhD and MSc at the University of Roehampton, alongside British Isles DBT Intensive Training and MBCT Training. I have a wealth of experience in NHS, forensic and private settings, including the Priory Group, and work alongside psychiatrists and mental health teams in Surrey and London.
07400 297958 View 07400 297958
Photo of Andrea Owen, MUKCP, Psychotherapist
Andrea Owen
Psychotherapist, MUKCP
Verified Verified
Do you feel like no matter how hard you try you just can’t shake the feeling that life is a daily battle you must fight? You may feel like you’ve had enough of being overwhelmed, stressed and tired. Perhaps relationships are difficult to create or maintain, or you may be tired of fighting unhelpful behaviours, pain and distress. I just want to let you know that you are not alone and that there is hope. I can provide you with a safe space where you can understand where those issues are arising from and find ways to stop and prevent them. Life is difficult in so many ways, but you can find ways to free yourself and start living fully!
Do you feel like no matter how hard you try you just can’t shake the feeling that life is a daily battle you must fight? You may feel like you’ve had enough of being overwhelmed, stressed and tired. Perhaps relationships are difficult to create or maintain, or you may be tired of fighting unhelpful behaviours, pain and distress. I just want to let you know that you are not alone and that there is hope. I can provide you with a safe space where you can understand where those issues are arising from and find ways to stop and prevent them. Life is difficult in so many ways, but you can find ways to free yourself and start living fully!
01483 968171 View 01483 968171
Photo of Aude Ayliffe - Aude Therapy, MBACP, Counsellor
Aude Therapy
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
Hello and welcome to my page, My name is Aude and I am a BACP registered Psychotherapeutic Counsellor and Transformational Coach. I aim to offer a safe and calm approach rooted in compassion and understanding to fit your needs, challenges and concerns. As a multi-disciplinary therapist for adults and young people (from 11y old), my approach incorporates humanistic, person-centred, psychodynamic, mindfulness, life coaching, and CBT modalities, depending on my client's individual needs.
Hello and welcome to my page, My name is Aude and I am a BACP registered Psychotherapeutic Counsellor and Transformational Coach. I aim to offer a safe and calm approach rooted in compassion and understanding to fit your needs, challenges and concerns. As a multi-disciplinary therapist for adults and young people (from 11y old), my approach incorporates humanistic, person-centred, psychodynamic, mindfulness, life coaching, and CBT modalities, depending on my client's individual needs.
01793 540243 View 01793 540243
Photo of Warren James Stiles, MBACP, Psychotherapist
Warren James Stiles
Psychotherapist, MBACP
Verified Verified
Over the years, I've come to appreciate that everyone, regardless of their background, has a unique story that is worthy of being heard and understood. Life, with its unpredictable turns, presents challenges that can sometimes feel insurmountable. My approach to therapy is grounded in empathy, respect, and evidence-based practice. I combine both Psychodynamic Therapy, where I look to understand your childhood to where you are today, and Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT), an integrative approach.
Over the years, I've come to appreciate that everyone, regardless of their background, has a unique story that is worthy of being heard and understood. Life, with its unpredictable turns, presents challenges that can sometimes feel insurmountable. My approach to therapy is grounded in empathy, respect, and evidence-based practice. I combine both Psychodynamic Therapy, where I look to understand your childhood to where you are today, and Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT), an integrative approach.
01483 967638 View 01483 967638
Photo of Dr Miriam Mavia-Zajac, DCounsPsych, HCPC - Couns. Psych., Psychologist
Dr Miriam Mavia-Zajac
Psychologist, DCounsPsych, HCPC - Couns. Psych.
Verified Verified
I am a Highly Specialist Chartered Counselling Psychologist, registered with the BPS & accredited by the HCPC. With more than 23 years of experience, I bring a diverse knowledge base & toolbox of skills & strategies that I draw from; to help tailor sessions to suit my client’s personality & struggles. I deliver bespoke therapy and work at my client's pace. I have a special interest in neurodivergence and am an accredited assessor.
I am a Highly Specialist Chartered Counselling Psychologist, registered with the BPS & accredited by the HCPC. With more than 23 years of experience, I bring a diverse knowledge base & toolbox of skills & strategies that I draw from; to help tailor sessions to suit my client’s personality & struggles. I deliver bespoke therapy and work at my client's pace. I have a special interest in neurodivergence and am an accredited assessor.
01483 694982 View 01483 694982
Photo of Shungu Hilda M'gadzah - Inclusion Psychologists Limited, PsychD, HCPC - Ed. Psych., Psychologist
Inclusion Psychologists Limited
Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Ed. Psych.
Verified Verified
Guildford GU2  (Online Only)
We are Black Psychologists, Diversity & Inclusion Consultants offering assessments, therapy & coaching services. We are a multidisciplinary team offering counselling, neurodiversity counselling & family therapy. We work with clients from backgrounds, from all over the world & those seeking therapy responsive to their ethnic and cultural needs. We are antiracism experts providing training and assessments in EDI using our Six Stages Conceptual Framework on challenging discriminations & Racism. Providing bespoke training in the areas of diversity and inclusion including special educational needs. Expert witness and negligence claims.
We are Black Psychologists, Diversity & Inclusion Consultants offering assessments, therapy & coaching services. We are a multidisciplinary team offering counselling, neurodiversity counselling & family therapy. We work with clients from backgrounds, from all over the world & those seeking therapy responsive to their ethnic and cultural needs. We are antiracism experts providing training and assessments in EDI using our Six Stages Conceptual Framework on challenging discriminations & Racism. Providing bespoke training in the areas of diversity and inclusion including special educational needs. Expert witness and negligence claims.
07401 284697 View 07401 284697
Photo of Dr Emilia Szmigielska, HCPC - Couns. Psych., Psychologist
Dr Emilia Szmigielska
Psychologist, HCPC - Couns. Psych.
Verified Verified
I can help with various difficulties such as anxiety, depression, self-harm, addictions, low self-esteem, ADHD, narcissistic abuse, panic attacks, OCD, trauma, bereavement, PTSD, anger management, social anxiety, relationship issues, sexuality, disordered eating, body image, body appreciation, parenthood, abortion, career change, lack of motivation and many others. As an integrative therapist I use various therapeutic techniques such as Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT), Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR), Mindfulness-Based Therapy, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), Dialectical Behavioural Therapy (DBT),
I can help with various difficulties such as anxiety, depression, self-harm, addictions, low self-esteem, ADHD, narcissistic abuse, panic attacks, OCD, trauma, bereavement, PTSD, anger management, social anxiety, relationship issues, sexuality, disordered eating, body image, body appreciation, parenthood, abortion, career change, lack of motivation and many others. As an integrative therapist I use various therapeutic techniques such as Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT), Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR), Mindfulness-Based Therapy, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), Dialectical Behavioural Therapy (DBT),
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Photo of Deborah Cockram, MBACP, Counsellor
Deborah Cockram
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
Hello, I'm Deborah. Sometimes, we realise we need some support to cope with how we feel, but we may think it is too small to mention, or that it would be too much to share. You might be working through relationship, work or family challenges? Perhaps, you are feeling low, but not quite sure why? Just having someone to listen and support you in a non-judgmental way can help with perspective and recognising patterns or coping mechanisms. I have much experience in helping clients with anxiety, depression, stress, loss, sexual abuse, traumatic events, relationship issues or family conflicts.
Hello, I'm Deborah. Sometimes, we realise we need some support to cope with how we feel, but we may think it is too small to mention, or that it would be too much to share. You might be working through relationship, work or family challenges? Perhaps, you are feeling low, but not quite sure why? Just having someone to listen and support you in a non-judgmental way can help with perspective and recognising patterns or coping mechanisms. I have much experience in helping clients with anxiety, depression, stress, loss, sexual abuse, traumatic events, relationship issues or family conflicts.
01793 540637 View 01793 540637
Photo of Dr Kathryn Munroe, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych., Psychologist
Dr Kathryn Munroe
Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Verified Verified
I am a registered Clinical Psychologist working with children and families. I offer Autism assessments as part of a multi-disciplinary team in Guildford. Over the past 15 years, I have worked in a range of clinical and educational settings for children, young people, and adults on the Autism Spectrum, including NHS Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services in Surrey, Berkshire and London. I have published research investigating parents’ experiences of receiving an autism diagnosis for their child.
I am a registered Clinical Psychologist working with children and families. I offer Autism assessments as part of a multi-disciplinary team in Guildford. Over the past 15 years, I have worked in a range of clinical and educational settings for children, young people, and adults on the Autism Spectrum, including NHS Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services in Surrey, Berkshire and London. I have published research investigating parents’ experiences of receiving an autism diagnosis for their child.
01793 540875 View 01793 540875
Photo of Steven Hayward, COSRT General, Psychotherapist
Steven Hayward
Psychotherapist, COSRT General
Verified Verified
I am passionate about living a fulfilled life. I believe this is rooted in positive and satisfying relationships. Sometimes, these relationships become stuck, hit an obstacle, or become overwhelmed by disagreements and conflicts. Sometimes, our bodies do not perform or function sexually in the way we would like them to, which can have a significant impact on our well-being, our sexual satisfaction, and ultimately our relationships.
I am passionate about living a fulfilled life. I believe this is rooted in positive and satisfying relationships. Sometimes, these relationships become stuck, hit an obstacle, or become overwhelmed by disagreements and conflicts. Sometimes, our bodies do not perform or function sexually in the way we would like them to, which can have a significant impact on our well-being, our sexual satisfaction, and ultimately our relationships.
01483 963052 View 01483 963052

See more therapy options for GU2

How does your Counsellor compare?

Number of Counsellors in GU2

50+

Average cost per session

£70

Counsellors in GU2 who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
89% Depression
84% Self Esteem
84% Stress
82% Relationship Issues
75% Bereavement
64% Divorce

Average years in practice

14 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

87% Aviva
80% Vitality
73% AXA PPP

How Counsellors in GU2 see their clients

82% In Person and Online
18% Online Only

Gender breakdown

79% Female
21% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling

How can I find a therapist in GU2?

Search for nearby therapists or counsellors by inputting your city, postcode, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postcode into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are members of the main professional associations, mainly the British Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy (BACP) and the UK Council for Psychotherapy (UKCP). Most Psychologists in the directory are accredited members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and/or are registered in the Health and Care Professions Council (HPCP).

Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given that professional memberships are not a statutory requirement for psychotherapists and counsellors in the UK, certain qualified professionals or organisations may choose not to maintain such memberships despite possessing the necessary qualifications. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?

Counsellors, psychotherapists and psychologists can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and experience that enable them to do so in the UK. Psychologists have earned a degree in psychology and many are members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and have completed a postgraduate qualification in a specialism. Counsellors and Psychotherapists are not required to have a psychology degree, but to belong to a professional organisation such as the BACP or UKCP, they are required to have completed a training course as well as clinical and supervision hours.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the UK could be between £30 - £60 when seeing a counsellor and £60 - £150 and up when seeing a clinical psychologist. If you have private insurance, your plan may cover some if not all of your sessions. You should contact your insurance provider to determine if they provide coverage for therapy sessions and to determine what, if any, requirements they might have in order for your sessions to be covered, such as a referral from your GP or medical specialist.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. The NHS Talking therapies programme offers free of charge counselling for common mental health problems like anxiety and depression. The service is available to anyone registered with a GP, though you do not necessarily need to be referred by your GP and can refer yourself directly to a Talking therapies service. The service will provide different solutions, including group and individual therapy, for a limited number of sessions which are generally up to six.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postcode.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Therapists who are part of a professional organisation such as the BACP, the UKCP, or BPS are bound by an ethical framework that requires them to uphold a confidentiality agreement. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there has been participation in a criminal act or act of terror, or if there is potential or known harm to the client or others, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.