Cognitive Behavioural (CBT) Counselling in Rossendale
![Photo of Elizabeth Williamson, MNCPS Acc., Counsellor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/b6a9930b-47de-4b13-9ea1-ac42e9071b72/1/320x400.jpeg)
I have personal experience of anxiety, stress and relationship issues and used CBT techniques to help me understand patterns and behaviours.
Hi, I’m Liz. I’ve worked as a counsellor for over 10 years. Anxiety, depression, work related stress and coercive and controlling relationships are the main areas of practise due to personal experiences. I am passionate about helping people work through the emotions attached to situations that can make our lives a daily struggle. I am not limited to working within these areas as my skills and knowledge allow me to apply my way of working to other issues such as anger, trauma, low self esteem, burnout.
I have personal experience of anxiety, stress and relationship issues and used CBT techniques to help me understand patterns and behaviours.
Hi, I’m Liz. I’ve worked as a counsellor for over 10 years. Anxiety, depression, work related stress and coercive and controlling relationships are the main areas of practise due to personal experiences. I am passionate about helping people work through the emotions attached to situations that can make our lives a daily struggle. I am not limited to working within these areas as my skills and knowledge allow me to apply my way of working to other issues such as anger, trauma, low self esteem, burnout.
![Photo of Patrick Doyle, MA, MBACP, Psychotherapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/54b89e96-46cd-11ea-a6ad-06142c356176/3/320x400.jpeg)
I am highly adept in the application of: Dialectical Behaviour Therapy (DBT), Integrative Psychotherapy, Psychosocial Interventions (PSI), and Schema Focussed Therapy (SFT) and CBT-based therapies.
I am a highly qualified and experienced consultant psychotherapist and supervisor with 20 years experience and recognised clinical expertise in the treatment and assessment of a wide range of mental health problems (including: depression, anxiety, personality disorders and psychosis), problematic behaviours and addictions. My guiding aim is to help each client to the point where they no longer require therapy or medication, and can cope skilfully and independently with life’s challenges, and understand how the past can impede our ability to cope with the present.
I am highly adept in the application of: Dialectical Behaviour Therapy (DBT), Integrative Psychotherapy, Psychosocial Interventions (PSI), and Schema Focussed Therapy (SFT) and CBT-based therapies.
I am a highly qualified and experienced consultant psychotherapist and supervisor with 20 years experience and recognised clinical expertise in the treatment and assessment of a wide range of mental health problems (including: depression, anxiety, personality disorders and psychosis), problematic behaviours and addictions. My guiding aim is to help each client to the point where they no longer require therapy or medication, and can cope skilfully and independently with life’s challenges, and understand how the past can impede our ability to cope with the present.
![Photo of Kay Johnston - Karma Minds Training & Personal Development Ltd, DCounsPsych, MBACP Accred, Counsellor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/2ad87af8-bf00-48cd-aa66-c2034c1677af/2/320x400.jpeg)
Karma Minds Training & Personal Development Ltd
Counsellor, DCounsPsych, MBACP Accred
Verified Verified
Rossendale BB4
I also use Cognitive Behavioural Therapy Techniques and Neuro Lingistic Programming.
I work as an integrated therapist. I believe that if given the right conditions, that everyone has the desire and capacity for personal growth and change. I work giving you unconditional positive regard, empathy and congruence, allowing you the time and space to explore your feelings and work through your problems I work with you to your own agenda and at your own pace. I believe that you are your own expert and have the capacity to find your own solutions and a way forward. Helping you come to terms with any feelings and to change and develop for the future in your own way and time. My specialist field is anxiety management.
I also use Cognitive Behavioural Therapy Techniques and Neuro Lingistic Programming.
I work as an integrated therapist. I believe that if given the right conditions, that everyone has the desire and capacity for personal growth and change. I work giving you unconditional positive regard, empathy and congruence, allowing you the time and space to explore your feelings and work through your problems I work with you to your own agenda and at your own pace. I believe that you are your own expert and have the capacity to find your own solutions and a way forward. Helping you come to terms with any feelings and to change and develop for the future in your own way and time. My specialist field is anxiety management.
![Photo of Tony Hall, MBACP, Counsellor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/6cd86796-ec18-4de3-a632-f9070519f0cc/3/320x400.jpeg)
I work with problems including depression, anxiety and low self-esteem and have a special interest in Autism and Aspergers, particularly in supporting adults who find they are struggling to come to terms with what it means to be autistic. I work in private practice and as a counsellor at Understanding Autism North West.
I work with problems including depression, anxiety and low self-esteem and have a special interest in Autism and Aspergers, particularly in supporting adults who find they are struggling to come to terms with what it means to be autistic. I work in private practice and as a counsellor at Understanding Autism North West.
![Photo of Zoe Purse, MBACP, Counsellor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/516bb02b-46cd-11ea-a6ad-06142c356176/2/320x400.jpeg)
Welcome. I'm Zoe Purse. I provide counselling to individuals and young people in the lovely Rossendale Valley, Lancashire. I work from home in a purpose built log cabin in rural surroundings yet right in the heart of town. There is easy access to local transport and motorway links. I have also supported people with life limiting illness or with bereavement and loss counselling at a hospice in Manchester. I am passionate about helping people who are going through difficult, emotional turmoil and understand that everyone is unique. I offer support with understanding and empathy along side being non-judgmental, caring and genuine.
Welcome. I'm Zoe Purse. I provide counselling to individuals and young people in the lovely Rossendale Valley, Lancashire. I work from home in a purpose built log cabin in rural surroundings yet right in the heart of town. There is easy access to local transport and motorway links. I have also supported people with life limiting illness or with bereavement and loss counselling at a hospice in Manchester. I am passionate about helping people who are going through difficult, emotional turmoil and understand that everyone is unique. I offer support with understanding and empathy along side being non-judgmental, caring and genuine.
![Photo of Adele Clayton - Thriving Young Minds, MBACP Accred, Counsellor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/49623cf9-46cd-11ea-a6ad-06142c356176/2/320x400.jpeg)
I'm Adele and I'm the founder of Thriving Young Minds in Ramsbottom, Bury. We are a team of therapists offering Counselling and Play Therapy for children, teenagers and young adults aged 4-25 years. This means that we can provide the most appropriate support for your needs. If you are impacted by autism, anxiety, panic, low mood, depression, relationship difficulties, bereavement, school issues, trauma and abuse, and if you're unsure of how to move forward, we can work with you to achieve your goals in a strengths-focused way, to help you develop the confidence to thrive rather than just survive.
I'm Adele and I'm the founder of Thriving Young Minds in Ramsbottom, Bury. We are a team of therapists offering Counselling and Play Therapy for children, teenagers and young adults aged 4-25 years. This means that we can provide the most appropriate support for your needs. If you are impacted by autism, anxiety, panic, low mood, depression, relationship difficulties, bereavement, school issues, trauma and abuse, and if you're unsure of how to move forward, we can work with you to achieve your goals in a strengths-focused way, to help you develop the confidence to thrive rather than just survive.
![Photo of Julie Ellison - Burnley Counselling Services, Psychotherapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/2be32fc2-8fb9-490a-9cc0-02b88fefc884/2/320x400.jpeg)
There is so much focus these days on "What's wrong with you" using terms such as 'depression', 'anxiety', 'disorder', rather than talking about "What happened to you?" Your mental health is much more than just a label or a diagnosis and therapy offers so much more than just talking. It can give you new understanding, new insights, a different perspective, clarity about a problem and the way forward. It can teach you skills to live your life better, teach you more healthy coping strategies or simply give you the space and time for self reflection and a place to find peace of mind.
There is so much focus these days on "What's wrong with you" using terms such as 'depression', 'anxiety', 'disorder', rather than talking about "What happened to you?" Your mental health is much more than just a label or a diagnosis and therapy offers so much more than just talking. It can give you new understanding, new insights, a different perspective, clarity about a problem and the way forward. It can teach you skills to live your life better, teach you more healthy coping strategies or simply give you the space and time for self reflection and a place to find peace of mind.
More Therapists Nearby
![Photo of Matthew David Smith - Polaris Counselling and Training, MSc, MBACP Accred, Counsellor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/c1b858f5-4742-42b0-a83d-09da8021ada7/2/320x400.jpeg)
However, at times I find that client's require more structured support for specific issues, which is where I am able to offer EMDR, CBT or even Solution Focused approaches, based upon an initial assessment and the client's preference.
I have worked with a diverse range of clients since qualifying over a decade ago, and pride myself on being able to work effectively with an individual regardless of their specific circumstances. Having said that, I find that I work most effectively with clients who are eager for change and open to receiving challenge in a safe and comfortable environment. Whether they have a clear image of how they would like their life to be, or need help to cope with a seemingly overwhelming issue, I am happy to help. I believe that working collaboratively to understand, overcome and grow from life's challenges can be a rewarding process.
However, at times I find that client's require more structured support for specific issues, which is where I am able to offer EMDR, CBT or even Solution Focused approaches, based upon an initial assessment and the client's preference.
I have worked with a diverse range of clients since qualifying over a decade ago, and pride myself on being able to work effectively with an individual regardless of their specific circumstances. Having said that, I find that I work most effectively with clients who are eager for change and open to receiving challenge in a safe and comfortable environment. Whether they have a clear image of how they would like their life to be, or need help to cope with a seemingly overwhelming issue, I am happy to help. I believe that working collaboratively to understand, overcome and grow from life's challenges can be a rewarding process.
![Photo of Lisa Baldwin - Baldwin Therapy EMDR, Counsellor, CBT, Supervisor, MBACP, Counsellor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/52b73041-0c2e-48e7-9d30-a543f71d0faa/3/320x400.jpeg)
Baldwin Therapy EMDR, Counsellor, CBT, Supervisor
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
Accrington BB5
Baldwin Therapy offer EMDR, Counselling, CBT, Professional Supervision and training which can be delivered as face to face or online. Our therapists have over 22 years' experience of working with a wide range of mental health difficulty including anxiety and depression. The therapists work alongside the NHS, Private sector, the local authority and Education. A FREE 15 minute telephone consultation to discuss your needs and to look at what therapy would be best is available on request. Baldwin Therapy have both Male and Female therapists.
Baldwin Therapy offer EMDR, Counselling, CBT, Professional Supervision and training which can be delivered as face to face or online. Our therapists have over 22 years' experience of working with a wide range of mental health difficulty including anxiety and depression. The therapists work alongside the NHS, Private sector, the local authority and Education. A FREE 15 minute telephone consultation to discuss your needs and to look at what therapy would be best is available on request. Baldwin Therapy have both Male and Female therapists.
![Photo of Louise Baxter, MBACP, Psychotherapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/731a69ac-c640-48ff-8ac2-e374c632e888/1/320x400.jpeg)
I am a highly motivated individual who is caring and passionate about providing therapy to suit your needs, I do this by using an integrative approach, such as Cognitive behavior therapy, Person centred and psychodynamic & trauma informed approaches such as IEMT. I believe this collaborative approach is beneficial as therapy is not one style suits all. I am able to gain a true felt sense for each and every individual and apply evidence based models to help provide you with the best model to suit your needs, I do this whilst offering emotional support in a non judge mental safe space to help address and process your concerns.
I am a highly motivated individual who is caring and passionate about providing therapy to suit your needs, I do this by using an integrative approach, such as Cognitive behavior therapy, Person centred and psychodynamic & trauma informed approaches such as IEMT. I believe this collaborative approach is beneficial as therapy is not one style suits all. I am able to gain a true felt sense for each and every individual and apply evidence based models to help provide you with the best model to suit your needs, I do this whilst offering emotional support in a non judge mental safe space to help address and process your concerns.
![Photo of Rachel Leah Wesley - The Wellness Consultancy, MBACP, Psychotherapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/54269e65-46cd-11ea-a6ad-06142c356176/2/320x400.jpeg)
I offer integrative, compassionate focused, CBT and EMDR therapies.
Often clients contact me when other therapy has not helped them in the way they had hoped. This is often due to the complexity of difficulties being layered perhaps in a history of trauma. Distress in the body and mind can be triggered by what appears to be something superficial. This can open up the past or come at a time when our emotional resilience is low so this event has a greater impact than it may have done. We can find ourselves not being able to function in our normal way. Many clients often identify as 'good copers' and those who 'just get on with it'. Perhaps we can't now - this is frightening and can derail us.
I offer integrative, compassionate focused, CBT and EMDR therapies.
Often clients contact me when other therapy has not helped them in the way they had hoped. This is often due to the complexity of difficulties being layered perhaps in a history of trauma. Distress in the body and mind can be triggered by what appears to be something superficial. This can open up the past or come at a time when our emotional resilience is low so this event has a greater impact than it may have done. We can find ourselves not being able to function in our normal way. Many clients often identify as 'good copers' and those who 'just get on with it'. Perhaps we can't now - this is frightening and can derail us.
![Photo of Suzanne McGee - Suzanne McGee Awe Therapy Services , MA, MBABCP, Psychotherapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/66da0f2f-6b7e-460c-8bdb-417b9b8c5d65/1/320x400.png)
My core therapeutic training is CBT, I take a person-centered approach and work integratively, incorporating elements of ‘third wave’ CBT approaches such as Compassion Focused Therapy, Mindfulness based CBT and ACT into my work.
I am an experienced and fully accredited Cbt therapist, providing evidence based therapies including Emdr. I have worked within the NHS and social care for over 20 years. I work across the life span with a range of difficulties and severity - including trauma, PTSD, attachment, low self esteem, anxiety and depression. I am trauma informed and have lived experience of mental health issues. I bring my many years of professional practice, qualifications to Masters level and life experience to the therapy.
My core therapeutic training is CBT, I take a person-centered approach and work integratively, incorporating elements of ‘third wave’ CBT approaches such as Compassion Focused Therapy, Mindfulness based CBT and ACT into my work.
I am an experienced and fully accredited Cbt therapist, providing evidence based therapies including Emdr. I have worked within the NHS and social care for over 20 years. I work across the life span with a range of difficulties and severity - including trauma, PTSD, attachment, low self esteem, anxiety and depression. I am trauma informed and have lived experience of mental health issues. I bring my many years of professional practice, qualifications to Masters level and life experience to the therapy.
![Photo of Dr Zandra Bamford, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych., Psychologist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/879b212e-9a86-41bf-ad4b-ac922b3d3b84/3/320x400.jpeg)
Zandra offers CBT, EMDR, CAT informed, CFT, Internal Family Systems, Safe & Sound Protocol and Somatic approaches to provide an individualised therapy.
Hello, welcome to Therapy NorthWest. We support the wellbeing of adults & young people in clinics in Chorley & surrounding areas. We believe that life can be challenging with a number of different pressures & demands. We do not believe that these things make us ‘abnormal’ or ‘ill’, rather that there are times when we require support to work through difficulties, what has happened and how we have responded. Zandra has many years experience working with individuals, couples, families and systems to help foster greater well-being.
Zandra offers CBT, EMDR, CAT informed, CFT, Internal Family Systems, Safe & Sound Protocol and Somatic approaches to provide an individualised therapy.
Hello, welcome to Therapy NorthWest. We support the wellbeing of adults & young people in clinics in Chorley & surrounding areas. We believe that life can be challenging with a number of different pressures & demands. We do not believe that these things make us ‘abnormal’ or ‘ill’, rather that there are times when we require support to work through difficulties, what has happened and how we have responded. Zandra has many years experience working with individuals, couples, families and systems to help foster greater well-being.
![Photo of Taslim Hassan - Taslim Counselling and Supervision , BACP, Counsellor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/00cf0df9-b4b8-42a3-84c2-e8297606d421/2/320x400.jpeg)
I use collaborative methods alongside the Person Centred approach such as Brief CBT, creativity, Single Session Therapy, Solution Focussed and Trauma Informed techniques.
Hello! I am a Person Centred Counsellor and psychotherapist as well as a Qualified Clinical Supervisor. I am ICO registered as well as a registered member of the BACP. I have varied experience of working with individuals, who have experienced mental health difficulties including anxiety, self-esteem issues, domestic abuse, trauma and depression. I have worked for the Private sector and Education both locally and abroad in the Middle East. I also have experience working with organisations offering EAP support as well as helpline services via the telephone, online, in person and through webchats.
I use collaborative methods alongside the Person Centred approach such as Brief CBT, creativity, Single Session Therapy, Solution Focussed and Trauma Informed techniques.
Hello! I am a Person Centred Counsellor and psychotherapist as well as a Qualified Clinical Supervisor. I am ICO registered as well as a registered member of the BACP. I have varied experience of working with individuals, who have experienced mental health difficulties including anxiety, self-esteem issues, domestic abuse, trauma and depression. I have worked for the Private sector and Education both locally and abroad in the Middle East. I also have experience working with organisations offering EAP support as well as helpline services via the telephone, online, in person and through webchats.
![Photo of Stephen Pattinson - Counselling Psychotherapy Services, DCounsPsych, MBACP, Counsellor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/7176beba-12e2-4a7a-ab84-414caa632c51/3/320x400.jpeg)
Stephen Pattinson - Counselling Psychotherapy Services
Counsellor, DCounsPsych, MBACP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Burnley BB10 (Online Only)
Hello if you want a safe and caring environment and want to take back control in your life you have come to the right place. I have over 25 years experience of helping people with their mental wellbeing. I have worked for mental health services including NHS as a cognitive behavioural/ Psychodynamic therapist treating depression, anxiety, confidence, self esteem, bereavement and phobia disorders. my aim is to help people back on their feet as soon as possible and feel empowered from the first session. I offer a free 30 minute consultation online from the comfort your own safe space to clearly identify your personal goals /treatment.
Hello if you want a safe and caring environment and want to take back control in your life you have come to the right place. I have over 25 years experience of helping people with their mental wellbeing. I have worked for mental health services including NHS as a cognitive behavioural/ Psychodynamic therapist treating depression, anxiety, confidence, self esteem, bereavement and phobia disorders. my aim is to help people back on their feet as soon as possible and feel empowered from the first session. I offer a free 30 minute consultation online from the comfort your own safe space to clearly identify your personal goals /treatment.
![Photo of Lola Winter - AJA Therapies, MBABCP, Psychotherapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/6975a659-9bd0-4c68-995a-af84d2bed73d/2/320x400.jpeg)
Accredited CBT therapist and RMN, delivering CBT, ACT, Chairwork and more.
Hi I’m Lola. I created AJA Therapies, to provide accessible and affordable Mental Health therapies for all. AJA is the Yoruba Goddess for health and healing who shared her gift with others so as to continue the cycle of good health and healing. I am no Goddess but hope to share my knowledge and skills with you, to help you become the optimum version of yourself. As an RMN I’ve always strived to help others heal their minds and staying in control of your Mental Health is a constant journey. AJA Therapies can provide you with a variety of skills to maintain that control of your emotional wellbeing.
Accredited CBT therapist and RMN, delivering CBT, ACT, Chairwork and more.
Hi I’m Lola. I created AJA Therapies, to provide accessible and affordable Mental Health therapies for all. AJA is the Yoruba Goddess for health and healing who shared her gift with others so as to continue the cycle of good health and healing. I am no Goddess but hope to share my knowledge and skills with you, to help you become the optimum version of yourself. As an RMN I’ve always strived to help others heal their minds and staying in control of your Mental Health is a constant journey. AJA Therapies can provide you with a variety of skills to maintain that control of your emotional wellbeing.
![Photo of Shaun Noteman, MNCPS Acc., Counsellor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/8dac7684-a771-4b8c-85d5-44375e3ae080/2/320x400.jpeg)
As a professional mental health therapist i utilise a range of interventions including counselling, psychotherapy, hypnotherapy, CBT, DBT, EMDR. to support and provide therapy. My work and life experience means i am able to relate well and work with sufferers of anxiety, depression, trauma, mood disorders and developmental disorders such as ADHD, ADD, Spectrum disorders. Additionally, i provide therapy for OCD, phobias and other behavioural issues.
As a professional mental health therapist i utilise a range of interventions including counselling, psychotherapy, hypnotherapy, CBT, DBT, EMDR. to support and provide therapy. My work and life experience means i am able to relate well and work with sufferers of anxiety, depression, trauma, mood disorders and developmental disorders such as ADHD, ADD, Spectrum disorders. Additionally, i provide therapy for OCD, phobias and other behavioural issues.
![Photo of Lorraine Dixon, MBACP Accred, Psychotherapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/14f069ef-04bd-4d4a-a1dc-623d759090bd/1/320x400.png)
I can offer Cognitive Behavioural Therapy, Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction and Counselling.
Do I Need Therapy? When someone asks themselves this question, it is generally because we’ve reached a point when our existing coping methods are not enabling us to deal with a problem situation. It is then that we seek help to understand why our familiar ways appear to be failing us. Recognising that it is not always easy to navigate through life, and that we can all sometimes benefit from a gentle, listening ear. Life can present with challenges and crises which are difficult to face alone or even with friends and family, or we just need a different perspective on a familiar problem in order to change the way we think or feel.
I can offer Cognitive Behavioural Therapy, Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction and Counselling.
Do I Need Therapy? When someone asks themselves this question, it is generally because we’ve reached a point when our existing coping methods are not enabling us to deal with a problem situation. It is then that we seek help to understand why our familiar ways appear to be failing us. Recognising that it is not always easy to navigate through life, and that we can all sometimes benefit from a gentle, listening ear. Life can present with challenges and crises which are difficult to face alone or even with friends and family, or we just need a different perspective on a familiar problem in order to change the way we think or feel.
![Photo of Jodie James, DCounsPsych, MBACP, Counsellor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/0d98107f-7c71-4888-abe1-14fc1540179e/4/320x400.jpeg)
I also incorporate techniques from Transactional Analysis & CBT to identify and adjust unhelpful habits & thought patterns.
Life can be difficult and sometimes we need some extra support to navigate these difficulties. If you are looking for support with your mental health, I may be able to help you. I am a compassionate therapist based in Manchester, offering a range of counselling services tailored to your unique needs and preferences. My commitment is to provide a safe, supportive, and understanding environment, allowing you to explore your emotions and experiences as you work towards personal growth and enhanced well-being.
I also incorporate techniques from Transactional Analysis & CBT to identify and adjust unhelpful habits & thought patterns.
Life can be difficult and sometimes we need some extra support to navigate these difficulties. If you are looking for support with your mental health, I may be able to help you. I am a compassionate therapist based in Manchester, offering a range of counselling services tailored to your unique needs and preferences. My commitment is to provide a safe, supportive, and understanding environment, allowing you to explore your emotions and experiences as you work towards personal growth and enhanced well-being.
See more therapy options for Rossendale
Nearby Cognitive Behavioural (CBT) Counsellors Searches for Rossendale
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How does cognitive behavioural therapy work?
Cognitive behavioural therapy works by exploring how your thoughts affect your emotions and experiences. CBT helps you identify distortions in your thinking. For example, you may tend to jump to the worst case scenario catastrophising or think in extremes (all-or-nothing thinking). A therapist can teach you how to push back against those thoughts to ultimately change your feelings and behavior for the better. They can also provide coping skills to better deal with stressors and challenges.
When do I know to seek treatment with cognitive behavioural therapy?
It’s reasonable to consider cognitive behavioural therapy if you struggle to manage difficult emotions or behaviors to such an extent that you are not getting the most out of life on a day-to-day basis. If you want a shorter term, concrete, skills-based approach, CBT is a great option. (By contrast, other types of therapy may devote more time to exploring your past and its effects.) The decision to seek CBT also depends on the condition you’re treating; CBT is an effective treatment for anxiety, depression, trauma, and many other disorders.
How can I find a cognitive behavioural therapist for someone else?
To find a cognitive behavioural therapist for someone else, you may want to begin by discussing the person’s problem, researching cognitive behavioural therapy, and assessing whether the approach is the right fit. You could then reach out to a few cognitive behavioral therapists in this directory, explain the scenario, have a consultation with those available, and determine who could be a good match.
Why is CBT such a popular form of therapy?
CBT has become a popular form of therapy because it is effective and accessible. Robust research has demonstrated that CBT is an effective treatment for many mental health conditions. And CBT can be learned in relatively few sessions, which means that many people can engage in the process, afford it, and see results quickly. It involves learning concrete skills such as disputing unhelpful thoughts; these skills can also be taught and spread widely.