Photo of Lindsay Bailey - Selah Counselling Services, MNCPS Acc., Counsellor
Selah Counselling Services
Counsellor, MNCPS Acc.
Verified Verified
Otley LS21  (Online Only)
Hello, my name is Lindsay & I am passionate about people changing & improving aspects of their lives. I work with an integrative approach which will be tailored to my client’s individual needs. I create a safe non-judgmental place for you to explore not only the problems you are facing but also the causes behind the issues. I will help you begin to process your experiences, become more self-aware & help empower you to bring positive change to your life & thinking patterns, all at a pace that suites you.
Hello, my name is Lindsay & I am passionate about people changing & improving aspects of their lives. I work with an integrative approach which will be tailored to my client’s individual needs. I create a safe non-judgmental place for you to explore not only the problems you are facing but also the causes behind the issues. I will help you begin to process your experiences, become more self-aware & help empower you to bring positive change to your life & thinking patterns, all at a pace that suites you.
01473 943364 View 01473 943364
Photo of Bo Bloomfield, MBACP Snr. Accred, Counsellor
Bo Bloomfield
Counsellor, MBACP Snr. Accred
Verified Verified
Otley LS21  (Online Only)
I am a senior accredited Relational and EMDR Therapist with 26 years unbroken practice. I have worked for 10 years in the NHS and for 23 years in private practice. I am interested in and have experience of working with trauma. I completed the EMDR Europe Standard Accredited Training and work with a wide range of mental health issues and with post-traumatic stress. EMDR can help with recovery from distressing life events as well as flashbacks, upsetting thoughts or images, depression or anxiety. The number and length of sessions needed will depend on the type and severity of trauma which has been experienced.
I am a senior accredited Relational and EMDR Therapist with 26 years unbroken practice. I have worked for 10 years in the NHS and for 23 years in private practice. I am interested in and have experience of working with trauma. I completed the EMDR Europe Standard Accredited Training and work with a wide range of mental health issues and with post-traumatic stress. EMDR can help with recovery from distressing life events as well as flashbacks, upsetting thoughts or images, depression or anxiety. The number and length of sessions needed will depend on the type and severity of trauma which has been experienced.
01484 627103 View 01484 627103
Photo of Victoria Gilder, HCPC - Clin. Psych., Psychologist
Victoria Gilder
Psychologist, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Otley LS21
Hello, I'm Victoria. Making that first step towards getting support can be daunting- it can be difficult to know what you need. The most important factor is finding a therapist who you can build a trusting and safe relationship with and that will be an important part of our work together. I'm an HCPC registered Clinical Psychologist with over 15 years experience. I offer a safe and confidential service to adults experiencing a wide variety of mental health difficulties. I'm interested in understanding the ways your experiences in life have influenced how you've learned to navigate your relationships and the world.
Hello, I'm Victoria. Making that first step towards getting support can be daunting- it can be difficult to know what you need. The most important factor is finding a therapist who you can build a trusting and safe relationship with and that will be an important part of our work together. I'm an HCPC registered Clinical Psychologist with over 15 years experience. I offer a safe and confidential service to adults experiencing a wide variety of mental health difficulties. I'm interested in understanding the ways your experiences in life have influenced how you've learned to navigate your relationships and the world.
0113 467 8408 View 0113 467 8408
Photo of Rachel Spence, MBACP, Counsellor
Rachel Spence
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
Otley LS21
I am a Relate trained counsellor experienced at working with both couples and individuals. I offer a down-to-earth, forward thinking, non-directive approach. I endeavour to create a warm, non-judgemental therapeutic relationship where we can focus on you and your situation. I will work with you to understand your concerns, your deeper needs and how they are affecting your life and relationships.I see my role as supportive of your change, offering change to explore feelings and experiences in a safe, confidential space. I have worked with clients from the LGBT community and from diverse backgrounds.
I am a Relate trained counsellor experienced at working with both couples and individuals. I offer a down-to-earth, forward thinking, non-directive approach. I endeavour to create a warm, non-judgemental therapeutic relationship where we can focus on you and your situation. I will work with you to understand your concerns, your deeper needs and how they are affecting your life and relationships.I see my role as supportive of your change, offering change to explore feelings and experiences in a safe, confidential space. I have worked with clients from the LGBT community and from diverse backgrounds.
0113 467 9116 View 0113 467 9116
Photo of Anna Liuba, MA, HCPC-Art Therap., Psychotherapist
Anna Liuba
Psychotherapist, MA, HCPC-Art Therap.
Verified Verified
Otley LS21
Clients who can use art psychotherapy may have a wide range of difficulties, disabilities or diagnoses. These include, for example emotional, behavioural or mental health problems, PTSD, relationship issues, difficult experiences such as historical abuse or bereavement, life-limiting conditions and physical illness. It is not a recreational activity or an art lesson, although the sessions can be enjoyable. Clients do not need to have any previous experience or expertise in art so please don't be put off by the word 'art'. There is no pressure to use the art materials, sometimes just talking is enough.
Clients who can use art psychotherapy may have a wide range of difficulties, disabilities or diagnoses. These include, for example emotional, behavioural or mental health problems, PTSD, relationship issues, difficult experiences such as historical abuse or bereavement, life-limiting conditions and physical illness. It is not a recreational activity or an art lesson, although the sessions can be enjoyable. Clients do not need to have any previous experience or expertise in art so please don't be put off by the word 'art'. There is no pressure to use the art materials, sometimes just talking is enough.
07427 701087 View 07427 701087
Photo of Fiona Wilby, MA, MBACP, Psychotherapist
Fiona Wilby
Psychotherapist, MA, MBACP
Verified Verified
Otley LS21
Are you feeling fed up and are ready to make a change in your life, or with the way you feel? I can help with anxiety, stress, low mood and depression by working on emotional regulation through both talking to work out why you are feeling the way you are and through practical techniques. We can work together through any areas of your life, from childhood through to the present day. I can also help with support for grief, loss or bereavement, or relationship issues, decision making and planning skills.
Are you feeling fed up and are ready to make a change in your life, or with the way you feel? I can help with anxiety, stress, low mood and depression by working on emotional regulation through both talking to work out why you are feeling the way you are and through practical techniques. We can work together through any areas of your life, from childhood through to the present day. I can also help with support for grief, loss or bereavement, or relationship issues, decision making and planning skills.
0113 467 8526 View 0113 467 8526
Photo of Tracy Sapier, MBACP Accred, Psychotherapist
Tracy Sapier
Psychotherapist, MBACP Accred
Verified Verified
Otley LS21
I trained as a person-centred counsellor, which simply means our sessions are all about you. I’d like to welcome you to a confidential and non-judgemental safe space where you can talk freely to explore your inner-self. Together, we can discover any underlying issues behind the difficulties you are experiencing and by overcoming the ghosts of your past, you will be in a better place to move forward with your life.Having counselling enables you to rediscover yourself in a safe place, where you can go at your own pace and allow yourself to release your true emotions that you may have locked away.
I trained as a person-centred counsellor, which simply means our sessions are all about you. I’d like to welcome you to a confidential and non-judgemental safe space where you can talk freely to explore your inner-self. Together, we can discover any underlying issues behind the difficulties you are experiencing and by overcoming the ghosts of your past, you will be in a better place to move forward with your life.Having counselling enables you to rediscover yourself in a safe place, where you can go at your own pace and allow yourself to release your true emotions that you may have locked away.
0113 487 2769 View 0113 487 2769
Photo of Adele McGovern, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych., Psychologist
Adele McGovern
Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Otley LS21
My clients say they feel safe with me and that I have really helped them gain deeper self-knowledge and self-regard, and to feel better. I have an LGBT+ and neurodivergent - friendly, warm, nurturing style. I don't judge you, I want to hear you, and value you, and genuinely help. I'm trained in different therapeutic approaches, so I fit the approach to you, not to other way around. I'm best at being honest, safe, and alongside you as I help you to deeply understand yourself. From those foundations we build up a better psychological safety for you. We do therapy, and you work toward your goals with me, knowing I am on your team.
My clients say they feel safe with me and that I have really helped them gain deeper self-knowledge and self-regard, and to feel better. I have an LGBT+ and neurodivergent - friendly, warm, nurturing style. I don't judge you, I want to hear you, and value you, and genuinely help. I'm trained in different therapeutic approaches, so I fit the approach to you, not to other way around. I'm best at being honest, safe, and alongside you as I help you to deeply understand yourself. From those foundations we build up a better psychological safety for you. We do therapy, and you work toward your goals with me, knowing I am on your team.
01473 943374 View 01473 943374
Photo of Dr Tom Mountjoy, HCPC - Clin. Psych., Psychologist
Dr Tom Mountjoy
Psychologist, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Otley LS21
Dr. Tom Mountjoy is a Registered Clinical Psychologist and Chartered Psychologist with substantial experience within mental health, clinical health psychology, and neuropsychology settings. He provides assessment and therapy input covering a range of psychological issues, including treatment for anxiety and depression, and workplace difficulties. Tom has additional interests in acquired brain injury, neurological conditions, chronic health conditions and adjustment to living with disability.
Dr. Tom Mountjoy is a Registered Clinical Psychologist and Chartered Psychologist with substantial experience within mental health, clinical health psychology, and neuropsychology settings. He provides assessment and therapy input covering a range of psychological issues, including treatment for anxiety and depression, and workplace difficulties. Tom has additional interests in acquired brain injury, neurological conditions, chronic health conditions and adjustment to living with disability.
0113 519 4557 View 0113 519 4557
Photo of Rupert Fishwick, BACP, Counsellor
Rupert Fishwick
Counsellor, BACP
Verified Verified
Otley LS21
I am a qualified person-centred therapist, offering a genuine, grounded and down-to-earth approach. I will create a safe, non-judgemental space for you to explore and understand the difficulties you might be experiencing in a way that makes you feel heard, valued and understood. I will be there in the moment with you and at the pace you want and collaborate in finding the best way forward for you to make sense of your experience and find authenticity, acceptance, awareness and the confidence to change.
I am a qualified person-centred therapist, offering a genuine, grounded and down-to-earth approach. I will create a safe, non-judgemental space for you to explore and understand the difficulties you might be experiencing in a way that makes you feel heard, valued and understood. I will be there in the moment with you and at the pace you want and collaborate in finding the best way forward for you to make sense of your experience and find authenticity, acceptance, awareness and the confidence to change.
01937 221306 View 01937 221306
Photo of Julia de los Rios, MBACP, Counsellor
Julia de los Rios
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
Otley LS21
Reaching out for help takes courage, particularly if your self-esteem and confidence are low. But, if you want to make changes in your life then you may need support. People come to counselling for all sorts of reasons; anxiety, relationship issues, depression, bereavement, trauma etc. Perhaps you feel inhibited, have unhealthy patterns of behaviour or your emotions may be hijacking your ability to respond and keep perspective. Whatever the reason, the chances are you are feeling deeply distressed. You don’t have to keep struggling alone. Together we can work out what is causing you to feel threatened, overwhelmed or empty.
Reaching out for help takes courage, particularly if your self-esteem and confidence are low. But, if you want to make changes in your life then you may need support. People come to counselling for all sorts of reasons; anxiety, relationship issues, depression, bereavement, trauma etc. Perhaps you feel inhibited, have unhealthy patterns of behaviour or your emotions may be hijacking your ability to respond and keep perspective. Whatever the reason, the chances are you are feeling deeply distressed. You don’t have to keep struggling alone. Together we can work out what is causing you to feel threatened, overwhelmed or empty.
0113 320 6027 View 0113 320 6027
Photo of Frank Brinkley, MBACP, Counsellor
Frank Brinkley
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
Otley LS21
Is there something troubling or upsetting you, a part of your life you find yourself unable to ignore or make sense of? Perhaps you’re feeling as though happiness and fulfilment are somehow out of reach, or you’re struggling with longer-term challenges, such as stress, anxiety, low mood or depression. All of these issues, and more, can be addressed in counselling.
Is there something troubling or upsetting you, a part of your life you find yourself unable to ignore or make sense of? Perhaps you’re feeling as though happiness and fulfilment are somehow out of reach, or you’re struggling with longer-term challenges, such as stress, anxiety, low mood or depression. All of these issues, and more, can be addressed in counselling.
01729 810437 View 01729 810437
Photo of Clare Eaton - Eaton Psychotherapy, MA, MBABCP, Psychotherapist
Eaton Psychotherapy
Psychotherapist, MA, MBABCP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Otley LS21
Are you struggling with anxiety or low mood? Are you having difficult and intrusive thoughts that are interfering with your day to day life and making it hard for you to focus or enjoy things? Have you been through a traumatic experience that is impacting your life in the here and now that you are struggling to process? I would love to work with you to help you to overcome the difficulty that you are having.
Are you struggling with anxiety or low mood? Are you having difficult and intrusive thoughts that are interfering with your day to day life and making it hard for you to focus or enjoy things? Have you been through a traumatic experience that is impacting your life in the here and now that you are struggling to process? I would love to work with you to help you to overcome the difficulty that you are having.
01943 661900 View 01943 661900
Photo of Millie McLean, MBACP, Psychotherapist
Millie McLean
Psychotherapist, MBACP
Verified Verified
Otley LS21
I understand that the decision to start therapy is rarely made lightly, and taking that first step can feel overwhelming. You may be feeling apprehensive, anxious, and sceptical about sharing your innermost thoughts and emotions with a stranger. It takes immense courage to be vulnerable and talk about the difficulties you are experiencing, and I want you to know that I fully appreciate and respect your decision to seek help. You might be facing a specific problem that you want to address, such as relationship issues, anxiety. Alternatively, you may have a sense that something in your life is not quite right, but cannot identify it.
I understand that the decision to start therapy is rarely made lightly, and taking that first step can feel overwhelming. You may be feeling apprehensive, anxious, and sceptical about sharing your innermost thoughts and emotions with a stranger. It takes immense courage to be vulnerable and talk about the difficulties you are experiencing, and I want you to know that I fully appreciate and respect your decision to seek help. You might be facing a specific problem that you want to address, such as relationship issues, anxiety. Alternatively, you may have a sense that something in your life is not quite right, but cannot identify it.
01943 661329 View 01943 661329
Photo of Gillian Parkin, BACP, Psychotherapist
Gillian Parkin
Psychotherapist, BACP
Verified Verified
Otley LS21
We all have those times in our life when things get on top of us. We feel overwhelmed and maybe unable to cope. As a qualified counsellor & psychotherapist, I believe that by giving you a genuinely safe, non-judgmental space to explore and talk and unpack what’s troubling, together we can find you new ways of thinking or acting that will help you to feel better. Whether that’s building self-esteem; coping & living with anxiety and depression or dealing with a difficult life event, my intention is to work with you to find the resilience & skills you need to make changes that stick.
We all have those times in our life when things get on top of us. We feel overwhelmed and maybe unable to cope. As a qualified counsellor & psychotherapist, I believe that by giving you a genuinely safe, non-judgmental space to explore and talk and unpack what’s troubling, together we can find you new ways of thinking or acting that will help you to feel better. Whether that’s building self-esteem; coping & living with anxiety and depression or dealing with a difficult life event, my intention is to work with you to find the resilience & skills you need to make changes that stick.
01943 666872 View 01943 666872
Photo of Phil McQuillan, MBACP, Counsellor
Phil McQuillan
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
Otley LS21
I am a qualified integrative psychotherapist with previous experience of working an NHS and a university setting. I work with adults and young people 17+, who come to see me about anxiety, panic attacks, stress, trauma, relationship issues, difficulties at work, identity, low confidence, bereavement, depression, issues stemming from neurodiversity and people seeking personal development.
I am a qualified integrative psychotherapist with previous experience of working an NHS and a university setting. I work with adults and young people 17+, who come to see me about anxiety, panic attacks, stress, trauma, relationship issues, difficulties at work, identity, low confidence, bereavement, depression, issues stemming from neurodiversity and people seeking personal development.
01943 661246 View 01943 661246
Photo of Tom Walker, MA, MBACP, Counsellor
Tom Walker
Counsellor, MA, MBACP
Verified Verified
Otley LS21
In my counselling practice, I take pride in creating a relaxed, judgment-free environment. There's absolutely no pressure when you're talking with me. I follow an Integrative approach, which means I don't adhere to a one-size-fits-all method. Instead, I tailor my methods to your unique needs and preferences. Your well-being is at the heart of our sessions, and together, we'll navigate the path to self-discovery and healing.
In my counselling practice, I take pride in creating a relaxed, judgment-free environment. There's absolutely no pressure when you're talking with me. I follow an Integrative approach, which means I don't adhere to a one-size-fits-all method. Instead, I tailor my methods to your unique needs and preferences. Your well-being is at the heart of our sessions, and together, we'll navigate the path to self-discovery and healing.
0191 743 6247 View 0191 743 6247
Photo of Mark Christopher Dove, MBACP, Counsellor
Mark Christopher Dove
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
Otley LS21
Hello, my name is Mark. Thank you for looking at my profile. As you're here, there is a chance that you are going through difficult times in your life. Rest assured that you do not have to go through it alone. I am here to support you, so let me tell you a bit about my approach to counselling. I use a person centred, integrative approach. This is a non-directive method whereby I will be guided by you, the client, as to what issues you wish to discuss. It also enables me to tailor my service to your specific needs, using a variety of therapies, including CBT (Cognitive Behavioural Therapy) and (CFT) Compassion Focused Therapy.
Hello, my name is Mark. Thank you for looking at my profile. As you're here, there is a chance that you are going through difficult times in your life. Rest assured that you do not have to go through it alone. I am here to support you, so let me tell you a bit about my approach to counselling. I use a person centred, integrative approach. This is a non-directive method whereby I will be guided by you, the client, as to what issues you wish to discuss. It also enables me to tailor my service to your specific needs, using a variety of therapies, including CBT (Cognitive Behavioural Therapy) and (CFT) Compassion Focused Therapy.
01756 630578 View 01756 630578
Photo of Jessica Jeffrey, MBACP, Counsellor
Jessica Jeffrey
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
Otley LS21
Hi, my name is Jessica Jeffrey. Clients usually call me Jess. I’m a Counsellor and Psychotherapist and I see adult clients with a wide range of difficulties. I believe every person deserves to receive respect and kindness, and to have someone to talk to. Ordinary every-day life can be painful and exhausting, but we can seek relief through therapy to improve mood, restore clarity and usher in calm. I see clients face to face in central Ilkley (next to Bettys, upstairs) on Thursdays and Fridays, or online on Mondays, Tuesdays and Wednesdays.
Hi, my name is Jessica Jeffrey. Clients usually call me Jess. I’m a Counsellor and Psychotherapist and I see adult clients with a wide range of difficulties. I believe every person deserves to receive respect and kindness, and to have someone to talk to. Ordinary every-day life can be painful and exhausting, but we can seek relief through therapy to improve mood, restore clarity and usher in calm. I see clients face to face in central Ilkley (next to Bettys, upstairs) on Thursdays and Fridays, or online on Mondays, Tuesdays and Wednesdays.
01729 810637 View 01729 810637
Photo of Jim Adamson, MBACP, Counsellor
Jim Adamson
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
Otley LS21
HI I'm Jim. I work with clients with various mental health issues, but especially those involving anxiety and depression. Whether you're just looking for an empathetic ear or want a better understanding of feelings and what you can do with them, we can work together in a way that suits your needs in a private office 10 minutes' walk from Guiseley train station (or online).
HI I'm Jim. I work with clients with various mental health issues, but especially those involving anxiety and depression. Whether you're just looking for an empathetic ear or want a better understanding of feelings and what you can do with them, we can work together in a way that suits your needs in a private office 10 minutes' walk from Guiseley train station (or online).
01943 660552 View 01943 660552
1

See more therapy options for Otley

How does your Counsellor compare?

Number of Counsellors in Otley

20+

Average cost per session

£55

Counsellors in Otley who prioritize treating:

89% Anxiety
81% Depression
78% Self Esteem
74% Stress
70% Relationship Issues
63% Bereavement
63% Trauma and PTSD

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

100% Aviva
100% AXA PPP
83% Bupa

How Counsellors in Otley see their clients

82% In Person and Online
18% Online Only

Gender breakdown

61% Female
39% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling

How can I find a therapist in Otley?

Search for nearby therapists or counsellors by inputting your city, postcode, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postcode into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are members of the main professional associations, mainly the British Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy (BACP) and the UK Council for Psychotherapy (UKCP). Most Psychologists in the directory are accredited members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and/or are registered in the Health and Care Professions Council (HPCP).

Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given that professional memberships are not a statutory requirement for psychotherapists and counsellors in the UK, certain qualified professionals or organisations may choose not to maintain such memberships despite possessing the necessary qualifications. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?

Counsellors, psychotherapists and psychologists can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and experience that enable them to do so in the UK. Psychologists have earned a degree in psychology and many are members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and have completed a postgraduate qualification in a specialism. Counsellors and Psychotherapists are not required to have a psychology degree, but to belong to a professional organisation such as the BACP or UKCP, they are required to have completed a training course as well as clinical and supervision hours.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the UK could be between £30 - £60 when seeing a counsellor and £60 - £150 and up when seeing a clinical psychologist. If you have private insurance, your plan may cover some if not all of your sessions. You should contact your insurance provider to determine if they provide coverage for therapy sessions and to determine what, if any, requirements they might have in order for your sessions to be covered, such as a referral from your GP or medical specialist.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. The NHS Talking therapies programme offers free of charge counselling for common mental health problems like anxiety and depression. The service is available to anyone registered with a GP, though you do not necessarily need to be referred by your GP and can refer yourself directly to a Talking therapies service. The service will provide different solutions, including group and individual therapy, for a limited number of sessions which are generally up to six.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postcode.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Therapists who are part of a professional organisation such as the BACP, the UKCP, or BPS are bound by an ethical framework that requires them to uphold a confidentiality agreement. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there has been participation in a criminal act or act of terror, or if there is potential or known harm to the client or others, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.