Psychoanalytic Counselling in Nottingham

Photo of Rae Manoiret - Private Counselling Nottingham - RaeTalks , MA, MBACP, Psychotherapist
Private Counselling Nottingham - RaeTalks
Psychotherapist, MA, MBACP
Verified Verified
Nottingham NG1
An established senior psychotherapist with over 25yrs experience. I'm here to say “What about you?”Here to support you through difficult times.If you're feeling overwhelmed with big emotions, hurt, vulnerable, I offer an authentic and accepting space to breathe, be heard.Therapy is an opportunity to feel better and feel valued for being yourself. I'll bring the passion with a little humour and as we work together we'll explore meeting your needs using therapeutic goals to discover what makes you tick, to empower you to move towards a life of stability and contentment.It's possible to be at peace with all that's happened in your life
An established senior psychotherapist with over 25yrs experience. I'm here to say “What about you?”Here to support you through difficult times.If you're feeling overwhelmed with big emotions, hurt, vulnerable, I offer an authentic and accepting space to breathe, be heard.Therapy is an opportunity to feel better and feel valued for being yourself. I'll bring the passion with a little humour and as we work together we'll explore meeting your needs using therapeutic goals to discover what makes you tick, to empower you to move towards a life of stability and contentment.It's possible to be at peace with all that's happened in your life
01777 802574 View 01777 802574
Photo of dimitrios Katsis - Jimi Katsis Psychotherapy , MA, MBACP, Psychotherapist
Jimi Katsis Psychotherapy
Psychotherapist, MA, MBACP
Verified Verified
Nottingham NG1  (Online Only)
Who are you? Where are you going? If you're not sure, trauma could be translating. Have you ever felt that your life is a translation of someone else's story? That the person you present to the world isn't quite... you? Recent research suggests that this disconnect often echoes past experiences we've yet to fully process. Who am I beneath the roles I play for others? Why do I feel stuck, despite outward success? How can I break free from recurring patterns in relationships and life? These questions aren't signs of weakness. They're your authentic self trying to break through the static of past trauma.
Who are you? Where are you going? If you're not sure, trauma could be translating. Have you ever felt that your life is a translation of someone else's story? That the person you present to the world isn't quite... you? Recent research suggests that this disconnect often echoes past experiences we've yet to fully process. Who am I beneath the roles I play for others? Why do I feel stuck, despite outward success? How can I break free from recurring patterns in relationships and life? These questions aren't signs of weakness. They're your authentic self trying to break through the static of past trauma.
01777 801362 View 01777 801362
Photo of April Agustudottir, MA, MBACP Accred, Psychotherapist
April Agustudottir
Psychotherapist, MA, MBACP Accred
Verified Verified
Nottingham NG5
Using a psychodynamic approach, I offer both comfort and support while working with current issues such as anxiety, depression, stress, or bereavement and traumatic experiences both in childhood and adulthood. I can help you reflect on your past experiences and connect them with current issues— helping you better understand yourself, your thoughts, actions, and the relationships you have in your life. I will offer you a safe space where you can speak freely about your thoughts, feelings and concerns. These issues are reflected within a confidential and empathetic environment, building a safe and non-judgemental space.
Using a psychodynamic approach, I offer both comfort and support while working with current issues such as anxiety, depression, stress, or bereavement and traumatic experiences both in childhood and adulthood. I can help you reflect on your past experiences and connect them with current issues— helping you better understand yourself, your thoughts, actions, and the relationships you have in your life. I will offer you a safe space where you can speak freely about your thoughts, feelings and concerns. These issues are reflected within a confidential and empathetic environment, building a safe and non-judgemental space.
0115 647 6740 View 0115 647 6740
Photo of Claire Kleynhans, MBACP, Counsellor
Claire Kleynhans
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Nottingham NG5
Welcome, I am a degree qualified Humanistic and Integrative psychotherapist. If you would like to gain a deeper understanding and awareness of yourself, your relationships or the difficulties you experience then we can work together to explore these and find a way forward. I believe our early experiences shape our beliefs about ourselves, others and the world and sometimes, because of these experiences we can take on unhealthy thoughts and behaviours to help us cope with whatever we are going through
Welcome, I am a degree qualified Humanistic and Integrative psychotherapist. If you would like to gain a deeper understanding and awareness of yourself, your relationships or the difficulties you experience then we can work together to explore these and find a way forward. I believe our early experiences shape our beliefs about ourselves, others and the world and sometimes, because of these experiences we can take on unhealthy thoughts and behaviours to help us cope with whatever we are going through
0115 647 7153 View 0115 647 7153
Photo of Sarah Jane Lewin, MBACP, Psychotherapist
Sarah Jane Lewin
Psychotherapist, MBACP
Verified Verified
Nottingham NG5
I help adult children of emotionally immature and narcissistic parents and others in or recovering from narcissistic relationships to find their freedom, reconnect with themselves and enjoy the life they deserve, free from emotional abuse. I am here to support you to heal and grow. I have extensive training in treating trauma. You may be looking for relief from the symptoms which may include unhealthy behaviours, anxiety, depression, perfectionism and self-sabotage. I can help you to build your confidence, resilience and connection to self. To enable you to feel calm and happy, and to live the life you always hoped was possible.
I help adult children of emotionally immature and narcissistic parents and others in or recovering from narcissistic relationships to find their freedom, reconnect with themselves and enjoy the life they deserve, free from emotional abuse. I am here to support you to heal and grow. I have extensive training in treating trauma. You may be looking for relief from the symptoms which may include unhealthy behaviours, anxiety, depression, perfectionism and self-sabotage. I can help you to build your confidence, resilience and connection to self. To enable you to feel calm and happy, and to live the life you always hoped was possible.
View
Photo of Caroline Webster, BACP, Psychotherapist
Caroline Webster
Psychotherapist, BACP
Verified Verified
Nottingham NG9
Hello, my name is Caroline. I'm a qualified psychotherapist and counsellor working in private practice in the Beeston and Long Eaton area, providing weekly face to face personal therapy. Are you struggling with day to day life, or have you lost a sense of who you are? Engaging in therapy can help you to understand yourself better and help you learn how to manage your emotions. I understand that reaching out for help may feel daunting, I too felt the same when I made a commitment to therapy years ago. Please be assured I will guide you through the process ensuring a supportive, calm and unique environment.
Hello, my name is Caroline. I'm a qualified psychotherapist and counsellor working in private practice in the Beeston and Long Eaton area, providing weekly face to face personal therapy. Are you struggling with day to day life, or have you lost a sense of who you are? Engaging in therapy can help you to understand yourself better and help you learn how to manage your emotions. I understand that reaching out for help may feel daunting, I too felt the same when I made a commitment to therapy years ago. Please be assured I will guide you through the process ensuring a supportive, calm and unique environment.
0115 697 2005 View 0115 697 2005
Photo of Ajmer Singh Wahiwala - Five Rivers Therapy , MSc, MUKCP, Psychotherapist
Five Rivers Therapy
Psychotherapist, MSc, MUKCP
Verified Verified
Nottingham NG7
Hello there, I'm AJ – a UKCP accredited Integrative Clinical Psychotherapist, and I bring more than just qualifications to the therapeutic space. Sessions will be a sanctuary where your thoughts/feelings will be heard and cherished. Embarking on this journey, whether for short-term solutions or a more extended exploration, means stepping into a space where you are seen, understood, and valued. Holding an MSc with distinction, I offer a safe, judgment-free zone for individuals and couples. Anxiety, depression, relationship challenges, and trauma find a compassionate ally in my practice, where we may also explore healing through EMDR.
Hello there, I'm AJ – a UKCP accredited Integrative Clinical Psychotherapist, and I bring more than just qualifications to the therapeutic space. Sessions will be a sanctuary where your thoughts/feelings will be heard and cherished. Embarking on this journey, whether for short-term solutions or a more extended exploration, means stepping into a space where you are seen, understood, and valued. Holding an MSc with distinction, I offer a safe, judgment-free zone for individuals and couples. Anxiety, depression, relationship challenges, and trauma find a compassionate ally in my practice, where we may also explore healing through EMDR.
01733 942602 View 01733 942602
Photo of Alison Watson, MNCPS Acc., Psychotherapist
Alison Watson
Psychotherapist, MNCPS Acc.
Verified Verified
Nottingham NG9
Sometimes the daily stresses in life can build to to a point where it impacts on your daily life and you feel unable to cope anymore. This can affect your relationship with those closest to you, as well as your enjoyment in life generally. You may be feeling anxious about little things and/or feeling down (even thoughts of suicide or self-harm) and unable to get motivated. Maybe you have been dealing with difficult traumas from the past, affecting your self-confidence and belief in yourself. Perhaps you've been drinking more than usual, sleeping less, spending more and have realised you need support to make changes in your life.
Sometimes the daily stresses in life can build to to a point where it impacts on your daily life and you feel unable to cope anymore. This can affect your relationship with those closest to you, as well as your enjoyment in life generally. You may be feeling anxious about little things and/or feeling down (even thoughts of suicide or self-harm) and unable to get motivated. Maybe you have been dealing with difficult traumas from the past, affecting your self-confidence and belief in yourself. Perhaps you've been drinking more than usual, sleeping less, spending more and have realised you need support to make changes in your life.
01332 215190 View 01332 215190
Photo of Vauna Beauvais, MSc, MUKCP, Psychotherapist
Vauna Beauvais
Psychotherapist, MSc, MUKCP
Verified Verified
Nottingham NG1  (Online Only)
Even though you are looking for a psychotherapist or coach who specialises in working with neurodivergent people, your identity may not be the central reason for seeking a therapist. You can arrive presenting with anything that is part of human experience or life. Yet, the importance of choosing a neurodivergent psychotherapist is that there will be understanding of any sensory and processing differences. This means that wrong assumptions about how you ‘should be’ aren’t made, you won't be misread, and, consequently, the work will have meaning and usefulness for you. Adult individuals and couples are welcome.
Even though you are looking for a psychotherapist or coach who specialises in working with neurodivergent people, your identity may not be the central reason for seeking a therapist. You can arrive presenting with anything that is part of human experience or life. Yet, the importance of choosing a neurodivergent psychotherapist is that there will be understanding of any sensory and processing differences. This means that wrong assumptions about how you ‘should be’ aren’t made, you won't be misread, and, consequently, the work will have meaning and usefulness for you. Adult individuals and couples are welcome.
0115 697 1002 View 0115 697 1002
Photo of Tracey Crosby, MBACP, Counsellor
Tracey Crosby
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
Nottingham NG5
Welcome. Trying to find the right therapist can be a minefield. Let me introduce my passions, knowledge and experience. Chaotic lifestyles, poverty, depression, families, unhealthy relationships, drugs, alcohol, anxiety, mental health, self-esteem, confidence, bereavement, domestic abuse, unhelpful thinking patterns, adversity in childhood, trauma and abuse. I love supporting and empowering individuals to pursue my mantra of "just be, whoever you choose to be" within their own world view. In your own time, find your true SELF heading towards a positive, happy and health lifestyle which suits your own unique journey.
Welcome. Trying to find the right therapist can be a minefield. Let me introduce my passions, knowledge and experience. Chaotic lifestyles, poverty, depression, families, unhealthy relationships, drugs, alcohol, anxiety, mental health, self-esteem, confidence, bereavement, domestic abuse, unhelpful thinking patterns, adversity in childhood, trauma and abuse. I love supporting and empowering individuals to pursue my mantra of "just be, whoever you choose to be" within their own world view. In your own time, find your true SELF heading towards a positive, happy and health lifestyle which suits your own unique journey.
07963 312979 View 07963 312979
Photo of Lisa Gates - Lisa Gates, MA, MBACP, Psychotherapist
Lisa Gates
Psychotherapist, MA, MBACP
Verified Verified
Nottingham NG1
I understand that life can be overwhelming, but I’m here to guide you through those obstacles. My goal is to help you understand yourself more deeply through your journey with me, and get you back on track. My sessions are designed to unravel painful issues and provide you with effective tools to be able to heal. Taking action creates a sense of liberation and a feeling of letting go of the despair associated with insignificance and meaningless. It creates a feeling of growth and promotes the embracing of life and to exist with wonder and curiosity. I've been honoured to be endorsed by Her Grace the Duchess of Rutland and Source.
I understand that life can be overwhelming, but I’m here to guide you through those obstacles. My goal is to help you understand yourself more deeply through your journey with me, and get you back on track. My sessions are designed to unravel painful issues and provide you with effective tools to be able to heal. Taking action creates a sense of liberation and a feeling of letting go of the despair associated with insignificance and meaningless. It creates a feeling of growth and promotes the embracing of life and to exist with wonder and curiosity. I've been honoured to be endorsed by Her Grace the Duchess of Rutland and Source.
01427 802425 View 01427 802425
Photo of Charlton George Blackwell, MBACP, Counsellor
Charlton George Blackwell
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
Nottingham NG3  (Online Only)
I've been actively practicing as a Therapist for the last 5 years and have always worked with a variety of people from all ages and backgrounds. The youngest being 8 years and the oldest being 84. Many of these clients have lived in different places all over the country. This experience has meant that I have needed to become a different type of Therapist for each client that I work with to ensure that I am able to best support them. This has also meant that I have worked with people for many different reasons and has given me skills to comfortably meet people where they are and work towards their goals in Therapy.
I've been actively practicing as a Therapist for the last 5 years and have always worked with a variety of people from all ages and backgrounds. The youngest being 8 years and the oldest being 84. Many of these clients have lived in different places all over the country. This experience has meant that I have needed to become a different type of Therapist for each client that I work with to ensure that I am able to best support them. This has also meant that I have worked with people for many different reasons and has given me skills to comfortably meet people where they are and work towards their goals in Therapy.
0161 694 6253 View 0161 694 6253
Photo of Bobbi Borovanska - Bobbi Banks - Therapy, Coaching & Supervision, MSc, MBACP, Psychotherapist
Bobbi Banks - Therapy, Coaching & Supervision
Psychotherapist, MSc, MBACP
Verified Verified
Nottingham NG3  (Online Only)
You may have landed on this page because something isn’t feeling right. Perhaps you’re feeling anxious, overwhelmed, or stuck. Maybe you're struggling with past trauma, navigating current relationships with loved ones, or struggling to love and accept yourself. Whatever it is, there's space for you here. In my therapy room, it’s us against the problem. You bring your life story – the ups, the downs, and everything in between – and I bring lots of tools, insights, empathy, and a wealth of experience.
You may have landed on this page because something isn’t feeling right. Perhaps you’re feeling anxious, overwhelmed, or stuck. Maybe you're struggling with past trauma, navigating current relationships with loved ones, or struggling to love and accept yourself. Whatever it is, there's space for you here. In my therapy room, it’s us against the problem. You bring your life story – the ups, the downs, and everything in between – and I bring lots of tools, insights, empathy, and a wealth of experience.
020 4538 7521 View 020 4538 7521
Photo of Louisa Watts, MA, MBACP, Psychotherapist
Louisa Watts
Psychotherapist, MA, MBACP
Verified Verified
Nottingham NG11
Life can be rough. It can even feel intolerable at times. We may feel unable to see a way through. There are infinite reasons of what may bring you to therapy; relationship issues, loss, grief, addiction.. We cannot change the past, but we can move towards a more fulfilling life. Therapy helps you greater understand yourself: making what previously felt fractured, feel more secure. Therapy is a collaborative process. I will work with you, offering support, challenge, empathy, compassion and space to explore your own experience, which is so rarely possible in our daily lives. I will also guide you to any well being practices.
Life can be rough. It can even feel intolerable at times. We may feel unable to see a way through. There are infinite reasons of what may bring you to therapy; relationship issues, loss, grief, addiction.. We cannot change the past, but we can move towards a more fulfilling life. Therapy helps you greater understand yourself: making what previously felt fractured, feel more secure. Therapy is a collaborative process. I will work with you, offering support, challenge, empathy, compassion and space to explore your own experience, which is so rarely possible in our daily lives. I will also guide you to any well being practices.
07723 451684 View 07723 451684
Photo of Margaret Mei Yan Jim, MSc, MBACP, Counsellor
Margaret Mei Yan Jim
Counsellor, MSc, MBACP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Nottingham NG1  (Online Only)
Hello, my name is Margaret, Mei Yan. I graduated from MSc in Applied Psychology and MSc in Counselling at City University of Hong Kong. I have worked with clients with different concerns such as depression, anxiety, ADHD, stress at school, abandonment, family relationship / parent child relationship issues. I am good at dealing with romantic and family relationship , emotional distress such as depression, PTSD, anxiety, eating disorder and childhood trauma. I will tailor made the treatment plan according to your needs. My approach combines different therapeutic orientations such as psychoanalysis, person centered therapy etc.
Hello, my name is Margaret, Mei Yan. I graduated from MSc in Applied Psychology and MSc in Counselling at City University of Hong Kong. I have worked with clients with different concerns such as depression, anxiety, ADHD, stress at school, abandonment, family relationship / parent child relationship issues. I am good at dealing with romantic and family relationship , emotional distress such as depression, PTSD, anxiety, eating disorder and childhood trauma. I will tailor made the treatment plan according to your needs. My approach combines different therapeutic orientations such as psychoanalysis, person centered therapy etc.
01564 335081 View 01564 335081
Photo of Rebecca Elston, MSc, MUKCP, Psychotherapist
Rebecca Elston
Psychotherapist, MSc, MUKCP
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Nottingham NG12
Not accepting new clients
Hello and welcome. My name is Rebecca, and I am a UKCP registered psychotherapist. I work both short and long term with individuals, groups and couples. Whether you have a specific issue that you would like the space to explore, are dealing with something longer term that is becoming difficult to manage, or would like to understand yourself more deeply, psychotherapy can be a valuable resource. I specialise in working with clients who want to better understand themselves and identity, whether historic events seem to be holding you back, there is a feeling of not fitting in to family or social groups, or struggles in relationships.
Hello and welcome. My name is Rebecca, and I am a UKCP registered psychotherapist. I work both short and long term with individuals, groups and couples. Whether you have a specific issue that you would like the space to explore, are dealing with something longer term that is becoming difficult to manage, or would like to understand yourself more deeply, psychotherapy can be a valuable resource. I specialise in working with clients who want to better understand themselves and identity, whether historic events seem to be holding you back, there is a feeling of not fitting in to family or social groups, or struggles in relationships.
0115 697 2277 View 0115 697 2277

Online Therapists

Photo of Grace Hernandez, MSc, MBACP, Psychotherapist
Grace Hernandez
Psychotherapist, MSc, MBACP
Verified Verified
Cambridge CB7  (Online Only)
This includes humanistic, person centred, psychodynamic, psychoanalytic, developmental, as well as others.
I am a trained psychotherapeutic counsellor offering short-term and long term counselling via zoom. I create an environment that allows my clients the opportunity to reflect on events and situations that they have previously experienced, whether that is from their childhood or more recently or indeed currently facing. We will explore the impacts that these past or current circumstances are having on you and how you interact with the world around you in a safe setting. I offer sessions where this can be done with the hope that you may get to know and understand yourself better and why you are the way you are, unique.
This includes humanistic, person centred, psychodynamic, psychoanalytic, developmental, as well as others.
I am a trained psychotherapeutic counsellor offering short-term and long term counselling via zoom. I create an environment that allows my clients the opportunity to reflect on events and situations that they have previously experienced, whether that is from their childhood or more recently or indeed currently facing. We will explore the impacts that these past or current circumstances are having on you and how you interact with the world around you in a safe setting. I offer sessions where this can be done with the hope that you may get to know and understand yourself better and why you are the way you are, unique.
View
Photo of Gary Catterall - The Child Psychiatric & Psychological Consultants, PsychD, ACP, Psychotherapist
The Child Psychiatric & Psychological Consultants
Psychotherapist, PsychD, ACP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Cheltenham GL52
We provide medical psychiatric & psychological assessment, diagnosis, treatment for Autism, ADHD, anxiety, depression, gender dysmorphia, eating disorders, tic disorders, mood disorders, PTSD, trauma, self-harm, psychotic disorders and emotional dysregulation and more. We have over 20 years’ experience working in various CAMHS mental health settings with extensive experience and knowledge. The service is clinically led by a consultant child psychiatrist and a consultant child & adolescent psychoanalytic psychotherapist who both trained in the NHS who have provided clinical leadership for services.
We provide medical psychiatric & psychological assessment, diagnosis, treatment for Autism, ADHD, anxiety, depression, gender dysmorphia, eating disorders, tic disorders, mood disorders, PTSD, trauma, self-harm, psychotic disorders and emotional dysregulation and more. We have over 20 years’ experience working in various CAMHS mental health settings with extensive experience and knowledge. The service is clinically led by a consultant child psychiatrist and a consultant child & adolescent psychoanalytic psychotherapist who both trained in the NHS who have provided clinical leadership for services.
01452 687104 View 01452 687104
Photo of Max Ryz - Max Ryz , HCPC-Art Therap., Psychotherapist
Max Ryz
Psychotherapist, HCPC-Art Therap.
Verified Verified
St Albans AL4
I am a Psychotherapist registered with the Health Care Professions Council (HCPC) and the British Psychoanalytic Council (BPC Kite Marked).
If you are struggling with your emotions, relationships or feel stuck in unhelpful patterns, psychotherapy could help bring about meaningful change. I provide a non-judgmental space to explore underlying dynamics and emotional conflicts. Gaining a better understanding of yourself can make it possible to move away from the unhelpful patterns and can help facilitate healthy developments within your personal and professional life.
I am a Psychotherapist registered with the Health Care Professions Council (HCPC) and the British Psychoanalytic Council (BPC Kite Marked).
If you are struggling with your emotions, relationships or feel stuck in unhelpful patterns, psychotherapy could help bring about meaningful change. I provide a non-judgmental space to explore underlying dynamics and emotional conflicts. Gaining a better understanding of yourself can make it possible to move away from the unhelpful patterns and can help facilitate healthy developments within your personal and professional life.
01727 638977 View 01727 638977
Photo of David Clancy, MA, MUKCP, Psychotherapist
David Clancy
Psychotherapist, MA, MUKCP
Verified Verified
Leeds LS1
A Psychoanalytic Therapy enables a deepening understanding of ourselves, our relationships and the emotional difficulties that we face that are an inherent feature of living.
People who embark on a psychoanalytically informed therapy attend for a variety of reasons. Depression, anxiety, relationship difficulties, stress, shame or low self esteem, what is important is that the problems have been around for some time and despite our best efforts do not improve by trying to address them on our own. This leaves us feeling stuck and alone, with increasing symptoms and frustrations. The aim of this type of therapy is to not only to help with the conscious symptoms, but to help develop understanding and awareness of what lies beneath the symptoms, enriching our lives and relationships, enabling change.
A Psychoanalytic Therapy enables a deepening understanding of ourselves, our relationships and the emotional difficulties that we face that are an inherent feature of living.
People who embark on a psychoanalytically informed therapy attend for a variety of reasons. Depression, anxiety, relationship difficulties, stress, shame or low self esteem, what is important is that the problems have been around for some time and despite our best efforts do not improve by trying to address them on our own. This leaves us feeling stuck and alone, with increasing symptoms and frustrations. The aim of this type of therapy is to not only to help with the conscious symptoms, but to help develop understanding and awareness of what lies beneath the symptoms, enriching our lives and relationships, enabling change.
0113 487 2717 View 0113 487 2717

See more therapy options for Nottingham

Psychoanalytic Counsellors

Does psychoanalytic therapy work?

Psychoanalytic therapy derives from the work of Sigmund Freud. In this type of therapy, discovering buried thoughts and emotions from the unconscious will help a person work through their difficulties and negative behaviours. Research shows that psychoanalytic therapy can be highly effective, with patients reporting improvement in mood, quality of life, and overall well-being.

How long are people typically in psychoanalytic therapy?

Traditional psychoanalysis is in-depth and is conducted in five sessions every week. Today, modern psychoanalytic therapy is less intense and normally incorporates as few as one or two sessions a week. In some cases, positive change can occur quickly. However, if the condition, difficulty, or behaviour is deep-seated, improvement may require many months or years of therapy.

Is psychoanalytic therapy suitable for young people?

Children and adolescents can benefit from this type of therapy. Many kids and teens are often unable to form and communicate their thoughts and emotions. Psychoanalytic therapy uses specific techniques such as dream analysis, symbolism, and free association or word association; all of which can be useful tools for less-communicative young people. Through this therapy, a patient will hopefully make connections between what they feel inside and how the world works outside.

Can psychoanalytic therapy be done online?

Modern-day psychoanalytic therapy is very different from traditional psychoanalysis. While an individual can sit face-to-face with the psychoanalyst for multiple sessions a week, they do not have to. Today, psychoanalytic therapy can be effectively conducted online or by phone. The key is that the individual confronts what is repressed and avoided, and this can be done whether in person or over online video.