Counselling in Northamptonshire

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Photo of Stephanie Clayson, MSc, BACP, Counsellor
Stephanie Clayson
Counsellor, MSc, BACP
Verified Verified
Are you going through a difficult time? Or do you feel like something is stopping you from leading a better life? I’m Steph. I’m an experienced qualified counsellor and work with adults and children aged 11+. I’m a member of the British Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy (BACP) and follow their ethical guidelines. I offer a safe and confidential space where you can talk about anything and not be judged. I believe that developing a strong therapeutic relationship and building trust are the key to explore any problems you’re experiencing and finding ways to make positive changes.
Are you going through a difficult time? Or do you feel like something is stopping you from leading a better life? I’m Steph. I’m an experienced qualified counsellor and work with adults and children aged 11+. I’m a member of the British Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy (BACP) and follow their ethical guidelines. I offer a safe and confidential space where you can talk about anything and not be judged. I believe that developing a strong therapeutic relationship and building trust are the key to explore any problems you’re experiencing and finding ways to make positive changes.
01406 431288 View 01406 431288
Photo of Michelle Hickmott, MBABCP, Psychotherapist
Michelle Hickmott
Psychotherapist, MBABCP
Verified Verified
Hi, I’m Michelle and I am a Cognitive Behavioural Psychotherapist and Eye Movement Desensitisation Reprocessing Therapist. I have over 15 years of experience working with those who may be struggling with symptoms of low mood, anxiety, stress, trauma, low self esteem or social anxiety amongst others. I strive to ensure our therapeutic sessions feel a safe and protected space to hold not only the difficulties you are experiencing but also you as an individual. I consider myself to be a warm and friendly person who will treat you with compassion, encourage your growth and allow for humour along the way.
Hi, I’m Michelle and I am a Cognitive Behavioural Psychotherapist and Eye Movement Desensitisation Reprocessing Therapist. I have over 15 years of experience working with those who may be struggling with symptoms of low mood, anxiety, stress, trauma, low self esteem or social anxiety amongst others. I strive to ensure our therapeutic sessions feel a safe and protected space to hold not only the difficulties you are experiencing but also you as an individual. I consider myself to be a warm and friendly person who will treat you with compassion, encourage your growth and allow for humour along the way.
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Photo of Nathan James Chesney
Nathan James Chesney
Verified Verified
Hi, I am Nathan, welcome. I have over 20 years experience in the NHS assessing, treating and supporting people with mental ill health, I have studied counselling and psychotherapy and I am in the advanced stages of training as a Transactional Analyst (T.A.) psychotherapist. This form of therapy involves the person taking a close observation of themselves and of how those around us shaped our personality. Many people think that this is unchangeable, transactional analysis helps us to analyse our beliefs about ourselves and others and to look at these beliefs in the here and now, test these beliefs and decontamonate our thinking.
Hi, I am Nathan, welcome. I have over 20 years experience in the NHS assessing, treating and supporting people with mental ill health, I have studied counselling and psychotherapy and I am in the advanced stages of training as a Transactional Analyst (T.A.) psychotherapist. This form of therapy involves the person taking a close observation of themselves and of how those around us shaped our personality. Many people think that this is unchangeable, transactional analysis helps us to analyse our beliefs about ourselves and others and to look at these beliefs in the here and now, test these beliefs and decontamonate our thinking.
01536 907355 View 01536 907355
Photo of Bryn Higgott, MSc, GMBPsS, Psychotherapist
Bryn Higgott
Psychotherapist, MSc, GMBPsS
Verified Verified
Everyone has a way of looking at the world, its events, and their place in it that is personal to them. Consequently, there is no one size fits all in therapeutic approach. Psychotherapy can be a powerful, life changing experience in the right hands. It focuses on understanding how you see the world and interpret the life you have, and want. Good mental health affects so many aspects of life. For example studies on the interaction between the mind, nervous system and the immune system illustrate that there is a connection between relieving stress and related immune processes.
Everyone has a way of looking at the world, its events, and their place in it that is personal to them. Consequently, there is no one size fits all in therapeutic approach. Psychotherapy can be a powerful, life changing experience in the right hands. It focuses on understanding how you see the world and interpret the life you have, and want. Good mental health affects so many aspects of life. For example studies on the interaction between the mind, nervous system and the immune system illustrate that there is a connection between relieving stress and related immune processes.
01933 829074 View 01933 829074
Photo of Mandy Frances Morrison - Olive Grove Counselling, DCounsPsych, MNCPS Acc., Psychotherapist
Olive Grove Counselling
Psychotherapist, DCounsPsych, MNCPS Acc.
Verified Verified
Kettering NN16  (Online Only)
Through working with Mandy, clients have shared that they have unravelled their wounded parts in a safe, open, empathic space. As clients work through past and present experiences, clients begin their journey of self-actualisation
Through working with Mandy, clients have shared that they have unravelled their wounded parts in a safe, open, empathic space. As clients work through past and present experiences, clients begin their journey of self-actualisation
01832 773227 View 01832 773227
Photo of Joanna Karen Rathbone, MBACP, Counsellor
Joanna Karen Rathbone
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
Not accepting new clients
My name is Karen and I am a Person Centred counsellor and psychotherapist. I decided to become a counsellor because I wanted to work people, those who have struggled through life, like me. Through many hours of personal counselling, l now have a better understanding of my past and am able to look forward to a healthy future.
My name is Karen and I am a Person Centred counsellor and psychotherapist. I decided to become a counsellor because I wanted to work people, those who have struggled through life, like me. Through many hours of personal counselling, l now have a better understanding of my past and am able to look forward to a healthy future.
01327 226848 View 01327 226848
Photo of Albertina Fisher, MSc, COSRT General, Psychotherapist
Albertina Fisher
Psychotherapist, MSc, COSRT General
Verified Verified
Northampton NN1  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
Intimate relationships can sometimes be difficult and even painful, whether we are currently in one, have recently left one, or are alone and longing to be part of a couple. I specialise in helping people with sexual and relationship issues as they affect both individuals and couples. If you are in a couple, I will provide you with a supportive, neutral environment in which it becomes possible to think and communicate in ways you may find it difficult to do on your own. When it comes to sexual issues, I will make you feel comfortable talking about them, and provide you with information, advice, and homework as needed.
Intimate relationships can sometimes be difficult and even painful, whether we are currently in one, have recently left one, or are alone and longing to be part of a couple. I specialise in helping people with sexual and relationship issues as they affect both individuals and couples. If you are in a couple, I will provide you with a supportive, neutral environment in which it becomes possible to think and communicate in ways you may find it difficult to do on your own. When it comes to sexual issues, I will make you feel comfortable talking about them, and provide you with information, advice, and homework as needed.
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Photo of Kristyana Jimdar, MSc, MBACP, Counsellor
Kristyana Jimdar
Counsellor, MSc, MBACP
Verified Verified
Anxiety, depression and other mental challenges can be debilitating. It's something that many of us live with each and every day and we need to find the best ways to deal with our emotions, what we are going through and how we react to certain situations. Being the best you is not easy, but you can do it. It is undoubtedly achievable no matter where you are in your life. Some may find difficulty showing up to their counselling sessions, some may think it's easier to talk online and some may find comfort with the presence of an animal in the room and even doing activities with the animal. Your needs are a priority.
Anxiety, depression and other mental challenges can be debilitating. It's something that many of us live with each and every day and we need to find the best ways to deal with our emotions, what we are going through and how we react to certain situations. Being the best you is not easy, but you can do it. It is undoubtedly achievable no matter where you are in your life. Some may find difficulty showing up to their counselling sessions, some may think it's easier to talk online and some may find comfort with the presence of an animal in the room and even doing activities with the animal. Your needs are a priority.
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Photo of Vicki Petrou - Omoiyari Therapy, MNCPS Acc., Counsellor
Omoiyari Therapy
Counsellor, MNCPS Acc.
Verified Verified
Kettering NN16  (Online Only)
Existing as a Neurodivergent person in a Neurotypical world can certainly come with a number of challenges. As a Neurodivergent person myself, I understand how difficult it can be to take the first step in starting therapy. Being proudly and openly neurodivergent I hope to create comfort for my clients in the knowledge that I get it, the struggle is real. Whether decoding social cues, or managing everyday stress, I bring an understanding heart and tailored strategies to our sessions. Beyond neurodiversity, I work primarily with Adults and Young people facing diverse struggles.
Existing as a Neurodivergent person in a Neurotypical world can certainly come with a number of challenges. As a Neurodivergent person myself, I understand how difficult it can be to take the first step in starting therapy. Being proudly and openly neurodivergent I hope to create comfort for my clients in the knowledge that I get it, the struggle is real. Whether decoding social cues, or managing everyday stress, I bring an understanding heart and tailored strategies to our sessions. Beyond neurodiversity, I work primarily with Adults and Young people facing diverse struggles.
01536 907061 View 01536 907061
Photo of Deena Singh - Reach out Remedy: Children & Young People, MSc, BACP, Psychotherapist
Reach out Remedy: Children & Young People
Psychotherapist, MSc, BACP
Verified Verified
It's OK not to be OK! Many of us experience low mood, anxiety, depression, low self-esteem, loss and are victims of trauma, sexual abuse and more. These experiences can have an huge impact on our daily lives. We are living through pressing times but remember, your mental health is important. It is really difficult to talk about you feel and what you have experienced in life. I am able to adapt and tailor sessions to your individual needs. Please reach out.
It's OK not to be OK! Many of us experience low mood, anxiety, depression, low self-esteem, loss and are victims of trauma, sexual abuse and more. These experiences can have an huge impact on our daily lives. We are living through pressing times but remember, your mental health is important. It is really difficult to talk about you feel and what you have experienced in life. I am able to adapt and tailor sessions to your individual needs. Please reach out.
01406 430989 View 01406 430989
Photo of Dr Carly Carter, HCPC - Clin. Psych., Psychologist
Dr Carly Carter
Psychologist, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Verified Verified
Hello, my name is Carly, I am a senior Clinical Psychologist offering specialist psychological therapy services for adults and young adults (17+ years old) and couples. I have extensive experience supporting individuals experiencing a range of challenges that typically include; anxiety, low mood, stress/burn-out, difficulty regulating emotions, self-criticism and traumatic experiences, difficulties adjusting to living with a physical health condition, difficulties living with the psychological impact of fatigue and pain. I am always happy to discuss any difficulties you may be experiencing to see if I can help.
Hello, my name is Carly, I am a senior Clinical Psychologist offering specialist psychological therapy services for adults and young adults (17+ years old) and couples. I have extensive experience supporting individuals experiencing a range of challenges that typically include; anxiety, low mood, stress/burn-out, difficulty regulating emotions, self-criticism and traumatic experiences, difficulties adjusting to living with a physical health condition, difficulties living with the psychological impact of fatigue and pain. I am always happy to discuss any difficulties you may be experiencing to see if I can help.
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Photo of Dee Galliano, BPC, Psychotherapist
Dee Galliano
Psychotherapist, BPC
Verified Verified
There are times when we need to speak to someone outside our circle of family and friends. Psychotherapy offers you a space to explore what has brought you to this place. I am a Psychodynamic Psychotherapist and Parent-Infant Psychotherapist, working in private practice in Northampton and London W1. I work with adults and with parents and infants, from conception to two years of age. I am interested in the impact of early relational difficulties and trauma on how our later relationships are shaped and how these ways of being play out in our lives.
There are times when we need to speak to someone outside our circle of family and friends. Psychotherapy offers you a space to explore what has brought you to this place. I am a Psychodynamic Psychotherapist and Parent-Infant Psychotherapist, working in private practice in Northampton and London W1. I work with adults and with parents and infants, from conception to two years of age. I am interested in the impact of early relational difficulties and trauma on how our later relationships are shaped and how these ways of being play out in our lives.
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Photo of Joanne Mander, MA, MBACP, Counsellor
Joanne Mander
Counsellor, MA, MBACP
Verified Verified
Kettering NN16  (Online Only)
Hello there and welcome…my name is Joanne and I specialise in Couples Counselling, Psychosexual Therapy and sexual addiction. All relationships have up’s and downs, this is quite normal and we have to re-adjust when life throws up these challenges. If you are experiencing any of the difficulties below though and are finding it hard to resolve, then it may be time to seek experienced support: Do you no longer feel able to talk to your partner? Do your conversations always seem to turn into an argument? Or maybe you are experiencing loss of desire, erectile dysfunction, pain during sex which are causing you a great deal of distress.
Hello there and welcome…my name is Joanne and I specialise in Couples Counselling, Psychosexual Therapy and sexual addiction. All relationships have up’s and downs, this is quite normal and we have to re-adjust when life throws up these challenges. If you are experiencing any of the difficulties below though and are finding it hard to resolve, then it may be time to seek experienced support: Do you no longer feel able to talk to your partner? Do your conversations always seem to turn into an argument? Or maybe you are experiencing loss of desire, erectile dysfunction, pain during sex which are causing you a great deal of distress.
01538 712308 View 01538 712308
Photo of Alina Craciun, MBACP, Counsellor
Alina Craciun
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
Choosing a counsellor is a daunting task. Most of us use the same language to describe what we do and how we do it, making it even harder to decide. I have been there, and I learnt that choosing a few counsellors to have an initial meeting with, is a good place to start. This way, you get a flavour of how your work with that person will look like. I invite you to book a free exploratory session with me and decide afterwards if we are a good fit.
Choosing a counsellor is a daunting task. Most of us use the same language to describe what we do and how we do it, making it even harder to decide. I have been there, and I learnt that choosing a few counsellors to have an initial meeting with, is a good place to start. This way, you get a flavour of how your work with that person will look like. I invite you to book a free exploratory session with me and decide afterwards if we are a good fit.
01280 736302 View 01280 736302
Photo of Hema Patel, MBACP, Counsellor
Hema Patel
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
Life is stressful and coping with it can feel overwhelming. You are not alone and I am here to help you find clarity and calm by tailoring dialogue sessions to address your unique and specific needs in a safe and trusted environment. By visiting this page, you have already taken the first step to improve your quality of life. It takes courage to seek out a more fulfilling and happier life and I am here to support and empower you in that journey. I believe in treating everyone with respect, sensitivity and compassion. I welcome you to send me a message for further details or to schedule an appointment.
Life is stressful and coping with it can feel overwhelming. You are not alone and I am here to help you find clarity and calm by tailoring dialogue sessions to address your unique and specific needs in a safe and trusted environment. By visiting this page, you have already taken the first step to improve your quality of life. It takes courage to seek out a more fulfilling and happier life and I am here to support and empower you in that journey. I believe in treating everyone with respect, sensitivity and compassion. I welcome you to send me a message for further details or to schedule an appointment.
01604 279682 View 01604 279682
Photo of Jo Nicklin, MBACP, Counsellor
Jo Nicklin
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
Life can sometimes feel overwhelming and making the decision to seek therapy can feel daunting, I will offer you a safe non-judgemental space for you to explore, at your pace, the difficulties you may be having. I believe that the relationship between you and your counsellor is as important as the approach, cultivating an environment of trust in order to explore the issues that are impacting your life right now. These may come from the past or recent events resulting in preventing you from living your life to its full potential.
Life can sometimes feel overwhelming and making the decision to seek therapy can feel daunting, I will offer you a safe non-judgemental space for you to explore, at your pace, the difficulties you may be having. I believe that the relationship between you and your counsellor is as important as the approach, cultivating an environment of trust in order to explore the issues that are impacting your life right now. These may come from the past or recent events resulting in preventing you from living your life to its full potential.
01536 907244 View 01536 907244
Photo of Deborah Lock, MSc, MNCPS Acc., Counsellor
Deborah Lock
Counsellor, MSc, MNCPS Acc.
Verified Verified
Working within the mental health and safeguarding arena’s for many years I have nurtured a genuine fascination for people and their individual stories. I am able to employ this diverse experience to inform my practice as a Psychotherapist. As a Counsellor for Rape Crisis I have significant experience of working with survivors of sexual violence and trauma. Additionally, I have worked with the Police service for 18 years, developing a passion for working individually with emergency services, medical or armed forces personnel to help them process the many sources of trauma they encounter in their working lives.
Working within the mental health and safeguarding arena’s for many years I have nurtured a genuine fascination for people and their individual stories. I am able to employ this diverse experience to inform my practice as a Psychotherapist. As a Counsellor for Rape Crisis I have significant experience of working with survivors of sexual violence and trauma. Additionally, I have worked with the Police service for 18 years, developing a passion for working individually with emergency services, medical or armed forces personnel to help them process the many sources of trauma they encounter in their working lives.
01536 907047 View 01536 907047
Photo of Charlotte Staniforth - Dr Charlotte Staniforth EMDR. Coaching, CFT, DBT, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych., Psychologist
Dr Charlotte Staniforth EMDR. Coaching, CFT, DBT
Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Verified Verified
Waitlist for new clients
I work with adolescents and adults who would like to understand themselves better and who may need some help with managing their emotions and their day to day lives, improving their relationships, getting relief from symptoms of trauma and improving their self esteem and confidence. I also work with anxiety, phobias and functional pain/conditions. I can offer coaching to individuals to improve performance or to help them work towards making changes in specific areas of their life. I can also offer supervision to other professionals/organisations. I have a special interest in trauma informed care-training and implementation.
I work with adolescents and adults who would like to understand themselves better and who may need some help with managing their emotions and their day to day lives, improving their relationships, getting relief from symptoms of trauma and improving their self esteem and confidence. I also work with anxiety, phobias and functional pain/conditions. I can offer coaching to individuals to improve performance or to help them work towards making changes in specific areas of their life. I can also offer supervision to other professionals/organisations. I have a special interest in trauma informed care-training and implementation.
01536 907086 View 01536 907086
Photo of Sarah J May, MBACP, Counsellor
Sarah J May
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Life, at times, can be really difficult. Sometimes we get stuck in a place that feels so uncomfortable. We may struggle to manage those feelings or we feel like things will never change. Maybe you’re struggling with anxiety, depression, low self esteem, work, home or relationship difficulties. Maybe you’ve experienced some trauma or abuse or maybe you’ve learnt to cope with self harm. Maybe these have brought struggles with your sleeping or eating patterns. Wherever your difficulties may lie ........let me offer you a safe and comfortable place to explore and learn to manage those struggles.
Life, at times, can be really difficult. Sometimes we get stuck in a place that feels so uncomfortable. We may struggle to manage those feelings or we feel like things will never change. Maybe you’re struggling with anxiety, depression, low self esteem, work, home or relationship difficulties. Maybe you’ve experienced some trauma or abuse or maybe you’ve learnt to cope with self harm. Maybe these have brought struggles with your sleeping or eating patterns. Wherever your difficulties may lie ........let me offer you a safe and comfortable place to explore and learn to manage those struggles.
01832 777014 View 01832 777014
Photo of Rebecca Vivash, BACP, Counsellor
Rebecca Vivash
Counsellor, BACP
Verified Verified
Hi and welcome - I'd like to tell you a bit about me, so you can decide if I sound like the right counsellor for you. ​ I decided to train to be a counsellor several years ago, after experiencing first hand, just how powerful counselling can be in helping to make lasting positive life changes. ​ I have a gentle demeanour that, I am told, exudes calm to those around me, together with a warmth and sincerity that allows me to build meaningful relationships, providing the foundation for you to begin your healing process.
Hi and welcome - I'd like to tell you a bit about me, so you can decide if I sound like the right counsellor for you. ​ I decided to train to be a counsellor several years ago, after experiencing first hand, just how powerful counselling can be in helping to make lasting positive life changes. ​ I have a gentle demeanour that, I am told, exudes calm to those around me, together with a warmth and sincerity that allows me to build meaningful relationships, providing the foundation for you to begin your healing process.
01604 981687 View 01604 981687

See more therapy options for Northamptonshire

How does your Counsellor compare?

Number of Counsellors in Northamptonshire

200+

Average cost per session

£55

Counsellors in Northamptonshire who prioritize treating:

94% Anxiety
89% Depression
86% Self Esteem
83% Stress
78% Relationship Issues
69% Bereavement
68% Coping Skills

Average years in practice

8 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

73% Aviva
53% AXA PPP
44% Bupa

How Counsellors in Northamptonshire see their clients

87% In Person and Online
13% Online Only

Gender breakdown

82% Female
16% Male
2% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling

How can I find a therapist in Northamptonshire?

Search for nearby therapists or counsellors by inputting your city, postcode, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postcode into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are members of the main professional associations, mainly the British Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy (BACP) and the UK Council for Psychotherapy (UKCP). Most Psychologists in the directory are accredited members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and/or are registered in the Health and Care Professions Council (HPCP).

Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given that professional memberships are not a statutory requirement for psychotherapists and counsellors in the UK, certain qualified professionals or organisations may choose not to maintain such memberships despite possessing the necessary qualifications. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?

Counsellors, psychotherapists and psychologists can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and experience that enable them to do so in the UK. Psychologists have earned a degree in psychology and many are members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and have completed a postgraduate qualification in a specialism. Counsellors and Psychotherapists are not required to have a psychology degree, but to belong to a professional organisation such as the BACP or UKCP, they are required to have completed a training course as well as clinical and supervision hours.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the UK could be between £30 - £60 when seeing a counsellor and £60 - £150 and up when seeing a clinical psychologist. If you have private insurance, your plan may cover some if not all of your sessions. You should contact your insurance provider to determine if they provide coverage for therapy sessions and to determine what, if any, requirements they might have in order for your sessions to be covered, such as a referral from your GP or medical specialist.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. The NHS Talking therapies programme offers free of charge counselling for common mental health problems like anxiety and depression. The service is available to anyone registered with a GP, though you do not necessarily need to be referred by your GP and can refer yourself directly to a Talking therapies service. The service will provide different solutions, including group and individual therapy, for a limited number of sessions which are generally up to six.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postcode.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Therapists who are part of a professional organisation such as the BACP, the UKCP, or BPS are bound by an ethical framework that requires them to uphold a confidentiality agreement. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there has been participation in a criminal act or act of terror, or if there is potential or known harm to the client or others, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.