Relational Counselling in London

Photo of Ciaran Doody, MUKCP, Psychotherapist
Ciaran Doody
Psychotherapist, MUKCP
Verified Verified
London SW19
I offer short and long term therapy and practice with an integrative, relational stance.
Life today can be challenging where unexpected or slow burning issues can knock us off our centre of gravity. This makes life more difficult and pleasure, joy & contentment hard to come by. Psychotherapy provides a safe, confidential space to delve deeper into these issues which may originate from the present or distant past. My goal for our psychotherapeutic work together is to construct an approach that is unique to you as an individual and the issues you need support with.
I offer short and long term therapy and practice with an integrative, relational stance.
Life today can be challenging where unexpected or slow burning issues can knock us off our centre of gravity. This makes life more difficult and pleasure, joy & contentment hard to come by. Psychotherapy provides a safe, confidential space to delve deeper into these issues which may originate from the present or distant past. My goal for our psychotherapeutic work together is to construct an approach that is unique to you as an individual and the issues you need support with.
01929 501036 View 01929 501036
Photo of Antonia Ballantyne, MSc, MBACP Accred, Psychotherapist
Antonia Ballantyne
Psychotherapist, MSc, MBACP Accred
Verified Verified
London EC2R
I draw on various therapeutic approaches integrating relational, psychodynamic and humanistic therapy, which includes person-centred, gestalt and transactional-analysis.
We all experience times of uncertainty, loss and change and I believe we all benefit from sharing our burdens with someone else, in a safe and non-judgemental way. I understand seeking psychological support can feel scary but my approach is open, warm and accepting. I work collaboratively with people, treating all information in the strictest confidence. My aim is to empower each person to develop their own skills, building resilience to manage difficulties, in the present and going forward.
I draw on various therapeutic approaches integrating relational, psychodynamic and humanistic therapy, which includes person-centred, gestalt and transactional-analysis.
We all experience times of uncertainty, loss and change and I believe we all benefit from sharing our burdens with someone else, in a safe and non-judgemental way. I understand seeking psychological support can feel scary but my approach is open, warm and accepting. I work collaboratively with people, treating all information in the strictest confidence. My aim is to empower each person to develop their own skills, building resilience to manage difficulties, in the present and going forward.
020 8138 8552 View 020 8138 8552
Photo of Tiddy Redpath - Clarendon Psychotherapy and Counselling, MSc, MUKCP, Psychotherapist
Clarendon Psychotherapy and Counselling
Psychotherapist, MSc, MUKCP
Verified Verified
London SW1V
As a relational humanistic psychotherapist, I specialise in creating a warm and safe, non-judgmental and empathic space where clients are able to explore any difficult thoughts, feelings and behaviours that are getting in the way of healthy living, gaining insight into how to go forward. Oftentimes having suffered a significant life event such as a loss or bereavement, perhaps a divorce or other confusing relationship issues in the distant past, we become blocked, needing effective strategies and techniques to continue. I work online (during Covid lockdowns) by telephone or face to face, in both short and long term settings.
As a relational humanistic psychotherapist, I specialise in creating a warm and safe, non-judgmental and empathic space where clients are able to explore any difficult thoughts, feelings and behaviours that are getting in the way of healthy living, gaining insight into how to go forward. Oftentimes having suffered a significant life event such as a loss or bereavement, perhaps a divorce or other confusing relationship issues in the distant past, we become blocked, needing effective strategies and techniques to continue. I work online (during Covid lockdowns) by telephone or face to face, in both short and long term settings.
020 4538 0602 View 020 4538 0602
Photo of Cat Douglas - Dr Cat Douglas, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych., Psychologist
Dr Cat Douglas
Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Verified Verified
London N1  (Online Only)
I am a Clinical Psychologist. I specialise in treating trauma, PTSD, and attachment related difficulties. I also provide therapy for a range of depression and anxiety related issues. I am registered with the HCPC and have over 10 years experience of working in mental health settings across the NHS and private practice. I have specialist training in relational and trauma therapies including Dynamic Interpersonal Therapy (DIT) and Eye Movement Desensitisation and Reprocessing (EMDR) therapy. Everyone has their own unique challenges and struggles and so I provide a tailored approach to suit your individual needs.
I am a Clinical Psychologist. I specialise in treating trauma, PTSD, and attachment related difficulties. I also provide therapy for a range of depression and anxiety related issues. I am registered with the HCPC and have over 10 years experience of working in mental health settings across the NHS and private practice. I have specialist training in relational and trauma therapies including Dynamic Interpersonal Therapy (DIT) and Eye Movement Desensitisation and Reprocessing (EMDR) therapy. Everyone has their own unique challenges and struggles and so I provide a tailored approach to suit your individual needs.
01992 929925 View 01992 929925
Photo of Gillian Beckwith, MA, COSRT Accred, Psychotherapist
Gillian Beckwith
Psychotherapist, MA, COSRT Accred
Verified Verified
London W4  (Online Only)
Taking a break 20th September-29th September 2024 inclusive. Fully qualified and highly experienced with all sexual and relational dilemmas, and especially when matters are usually fuelled by anxiety/depression which can come with a sense of loneliness or isolation. I happily work with all kinds of couples or individuals on their relationships and also general personal dilemmas, for example, grief, loss, anxiety, depression and I have done so for a long time. Using a clinical supervisor, I maintain regular sessions about my (anonymised) client work to ensure consistently effective therapy. I have industry-standard insurance.
Taking a break 20th September-29th September 2024 inclusive. Fully qualified and highly experienced with all sexual and relational dilemmas, and especially when matters are usually fuelled by anxiety/depression which can come with a sense of loneliness or isolation. I happily work with all kinds of couples or individuals on their relationships and also general personal dilemmas, for example, grief, loss, anxiety, depression and I have done so for a long time. Using a clinical supervisor, I maintain regular sessions about my (anonymised) client work to ensure consistently effective therapy. I have industry-standard insurance.
01748 902286 View 01748 902286
Photo of Anna Sinski, MSc, MBACP, Psychotherapist
Anna Sinski
Psychotherapist, MSc, MBACP
Verified Verified
London W1H
I help both individuals, as well as couples, work through relational and sexual difficulties like attachment wounds, communication issues, trauma and unhelpful patterns. I’m a culturally sensitive practitioner and work with clients of many different backgrounds, sexualities and religions.
I help both individuals, as well as couples, work through relational and sexual difficulties like attachment wounds, communication issues, trauma and unhelpful patterns. I’m a culturally sensitive practitioner and work with clients of many different backgrounds, sexualities and religions.
020 3984 9087 View 020 3984 9087
Photo of Sarah-Jane Rawlings, MBACP, Counsellor
Sarah-Jane Rawlings
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
London N10
I am a relational integrative therapist.
I am a BACP registered integrative therapist with experience of working with a range of issues including anxiety, intrusive thoughts, bereavement, boarding school survival, childhood trauma and difficulties in every-day relationships. Before becoming a therapist, I worked in the arts for 30 years, so I bring that experience too. Life can be really challenging. Whether in a time of personal crisis or simply wanting to understand yourself better, therapy provides the opportunity, in a confidential space, to talk through some of those challenges, to find a space for you and your feelings, to begin to live the life you want to live.
I am a relational integrative therapist.
I am a BACP registered integrative therapist with experience of working with a range of issues including anxiety, intrusive thoughts, bereavement, boarding school survival, childhood trauma and difficulties in every-day relationships. Before becoming a therapist, I worked in the arts for 30 years, so I bring that experience too. Life can be really challenging. Whether in a time of personal crisis or simply wanting to understand yourself better, therapy provides the opportunity, in a confidential space, to talk through some of those challenges, to find a space for you and your feelings, to begin to live the life you want to live.
020 3973 9074 View 020 3973 9074
Photo of Amina Ispahani, MA, MBACP, Psychotherapist
Amina Ispahani
Psychotherapist, MA, MBACP
Verified Verified
London N1
I am a ​fully qualified counsellor and psychotherapist based in Central/North London. I specialise in attachment, self-worth, relational issues and cultural/ identity issues. I provide a safe, warm and non-judgemental space to explore what is going on in your life. Any issue, big or small is valued, and together we can work through anything from daily struggles to deep-rooted issues. In a fast-paced world, with constant pressures on us, it can be difficult to find the emotional and physical space for yourself and your feelings. This is what I can help you with.
I am a ​fully qualified counsellor and psychotherapist based in Central/North London. I specialise in attachment, self-worth, relational issues and cultural/ identity issues. I provide a safe, warm and non-judgemental space to explore what is going on in your life. Any issue, big or small is valued, and together we can work through anything from daily struggles to deep-rooted issues. In a fast-paced world, with constant pressures on us, it can be difficult to find the emotional and physical space for yourself and your feelings. This is what I can help you with.
020 3962 0494 View 020 3962 0494
Photo of Josephine Brain, MSc, MUKCP, Psychotherapist
Josephine Brain
Psychotherapist, MSc, MUKCP
Verified Verified
London W1W
I have experience working effectively with a broad range of emotional and relational issues.
If you feel stuck in despair, anxiety or loneliness, feel out of your depth, or find the same old relational patterns keep repeating, therapy can help. You don't have to grapple alone. Therapy offers a non-judgemental, confidential relationship for exploring patterns and processes together, bringing curiosity to what might be happening out of awareness, and supporting you to think about how you might become freer and more fulfilled in the ways you respond to self, others and situations.
I have experience working effectively with a broad range of emotional and relational issues.
If you feel stuck in despair, anxiety or loneliness, feel out of your depth, or find the same old relational patterns keep repeating, therapy can help. You don't have to grapple alone. Therapy offers a non-judgemental, confidential relationship for exploring patterns and processes together, bringing curiosity to what might be happening out of awareness, and supporting you to think about how you might become freer and more fulfilled in the ways you respond to self, others and situations.
07960 978753 View 07960 978753
Photo of Natasha Lewis, MBACP Accred, Psychotherapist
Natasha Lewis
Psychotherapist, MBACP Accred
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
London EC2M
I am a fully trained and accredited Integrative Relational Counsellor and EMDR Practitioner. Available for in person sessions and online via secure video conferencing (zoom or skype). Issues that I can support you with are: Trauma / PTSD, Stress and Anxiety, Marriage, Separation and Divorce issues, Personal relationship and Work relationship issues, Depression, Bereavement and Loss, Infertility, Miscarriages, IVF treatment and Infant Mortality Domestic abuse, Sexual abuse. I am a registered and accredited member of the BACP (Member No. 084911) and abide by the BACP’s ethical framework.
I am a fully trained and accredited Integrative Relational Counsellor and EMDR Practitioner. Available for in person sessions and online via secure video conferencing (zoom or skype). Issues that I can support you with are: Trauma / PTSD, Stress and Anxiety, Marriage, Separation and Divorce issues, Personal relationship and Work relationship issues, Depression, Bereavement and Loss, Infertility, Miscarriages, IVF treatment and Infant Mortality Domestic abuse, Sexual abuse. I am a registered and accredited member of the BACP (Member No. 084911) and abide by the BACP’s ethical framework.
01728 443987 View 01728 443987
Photo of Salvo La Rosa, MBACP, Psychotherapist
Salvo La Rosa
Psychotherapist, MBACP
Verified Verified
London W1W
I use integrative psychotherapy, integrating different approaches and working in a trauma informed and relational way to help you practically with what interferes with your day to day life.
My name is Salvo La Rosa and I am a qualified integrative psychotherapist, EMDR Europe Accredited Practitioner and Somatic Experiencing Practitioner. Whatever your wound or life struggle, I will offer a calm and professional space to help you navigate through your current circumstances and towards a direction that is true and right for you. I would work with you to understand where you'd like to get to and to help you build on your own resilience and resources. I work in a compassionate way with the legacy of the past and to assist you as you expand your coping skills and achieve more and more of your qualities and potential.
I use integrative psychotherapy, integrating different approaches and working in a trauma informed and relational way to help you practically with what interferes with your day to day life.
My name is Salvo La Rosa and I am a qualified integrative psychotherapist, EMDR Europe Accredited Practitioner and Somatic Experiencing Practitioner. Whatever your wound or life struggle, I will offer a calm and professional space to help you navigate through your current circumstances and towards a direction that is true and right for you. I would work with you to understand where you'd like to get to and to help you build on your own resilience and resources. I work in a compassionate way with the legacy of the past and to assist you as you expand your coping skills and achieve more and more of your qualities and potential.
020 3984 9536 View 020 3984 9536
Photo of Zehra Ali, MA, MBACP, Psychotherapist
Zehra Ali
Psychotherapist, MA, MBACP
Verified Verified
London W8
In my therapeutic work I focus on developing a good relationship and offering a safe relational space through which we can explore your concerns - whether it is long-term or short-term therapy.
I am Zehra, a registered psychotherapist working in private practice. My approach to therapy is pluralistic/integrative where I tailor our work according to your therapeutic needs and goals. I specialise in working with loss and grief which includes bereavement and death but also loss of self/identity through significant life changes such as the end of a relationship(s), changes in physical and mental health due to chronic illness and life transitions such as moving countries or settling into university or work. Other sub-specialisations of mine include working with anxiety, depression and relational trauma (childhood and adult).
In my therapeutic work I focus on developing a good relationship and offering a safe relational space through which we can explore your concerns - whether it is long-term or short-term therapy.
I am Zehra, a registered psychotherapist working in private practice. My approach to therapy is pluralistic/integrative where I tailor our work according to your therapeutic needs and goals. I specialise in working with loss and grief which includes bereavement and death but also loss of self/identity through significant life changes such as the end of a relationship(s), changes in physical and mental health due to chronic illness and life transitions such as moving countries or settling into university or work. Other sub-specialisations of mine include working with anxiety, depression and relational trauma (childhood and adult).
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Photo of Domenica Stilwell, DCounsPsych, MBACP Accred, Psychotherapist
Domenica Stilwell
Psychotherapist, DCounsPsych, MBACP Accred
Verified Verified
London N2  (Online Only)
We all encounter difficulties in life. It may be that you feel stuck and unable to move forward, to change things in your life and bring in more joy, peace and authenticity. I am here to help you with that. My approach to psychotherapy is relational and client focused. It provides a safe, confidential and non-judgmental space where we can think together about the difficulties in your life and what is causing them. Often, our past relationships and emotional development inform our present life to a much greater extent than we imagine. Together we can work towards creating a happier, more peaceful and more fulfilled life for you.
We all encounter difficulties in life. It may be that you feel stuck and unable to move forward, to change things in your life and bring in more joy, peace and authenticity. I am here to help you with that. My approach to psychotherapy is relational and client focused. It provides a safe, confidential and non-judgmental space where we can think together about the difficulties in your life and what is causing them. Often, our past relationships and emotional development inform our present life to a much greater extent than we imagine. Together we can work towards creating a happier, more peaceful and more fulfilled life for you.
01202 125640 View 01202 125640
Photo of Josephine Basedow, MA, MBACP, Psychotherapist
Josephine Basedow
Psychotherapist, MA, MBACP
Verified Verified
London E9  (Online Only)
Hello my name is Josephine. I offer Relational - Traumatophilic - Psychotherapy online - I work with people facing a wide range of issues including but not limited to: anxiety, low mood & depression, disordered eating, OCD presentations, bereavement, loss, suicidality, identity-related issues (sexual, gender, race), relationship difficulties, shame, anger, childhood and other trauma (including relational/attachment trauma, C-PTSD, transgenerational trauma, sexual abuse, neglect, homelessness, torture/war/loss of home, loss of status/family, major life transitions, move from one country to another/culture to another)
Hello my name is Josephine. I offer Relational - Traumatophilic - Psychotherapy online - I work with people facing a wide range of issues including but not limited to: anxiety, low mood & depression, disordered eating, OCD presentations, bereavement, loss, suicidality, identity-related issues (sexual, gender, race), relationship difficulties, shame, anger, childhood and other trauma (including relational/attachment trauma, C-PTSD, transgenerational trauma, sexual abuse, neglect, homelessness, torture/war/loss of home, loss of status/family, major life transitions, move from one country to another/culture to another)
01303 765417 View 01303 765417
Photo of Victoria Heath, MSc, MUKCP, Psychotherapist
Victoria Heath
Psychotherapist, MSc, MUKCP
Verified Verified
London W4
I offer my clients warmth and support, working in a relational, humanistic way to help you feel better.
Many of us have times in our lives when we feel very alone, in pain and need some help. I have felt like this too and understand what it is like to need support. You might have feelings like anxiety, depression or low self-esteem. Perhaps you have experienced a significant loss, such as bereavement, the breakdown of a relationship, family problems, job loss or the loss of your health. Maybe you are struggling to come to terms with trauma from the recent past, or from your childhood. These feelings can sometimes make you feel stuck and get in the way of living a happy and fulfilled life.
I offer my clients warmth and support, working in a relational, humanistic way to help you feel better.
Many of us have times in our lives when we feel very alone, in pain and need some help. I have felt like this too and understand what it is like to need support. You might have feelings like anxiety, depression or low self-esteem. Perhaps you have experienced a significant loss, such as bereavement, the breakdown of a relationship, family problems, job loss or the loss of your health. Maybe you are struggling to come to terms with trauma from the recent past, or from your childhood. These feelings can sometimes make you feel stuck and get in the way of living a happy and fulfilled life.
07471 272894 View 07471 272894
Photo of Dorotea Pospihalj, MSc, UKCP Trainee, Psychotherapist
Dorotea Pospihalj
Psychotherapist, MSc, UKCP Trainee
Verified Verified
London EC1V  (Online Only)
As a relational therapist, I believe that the vessel to any change is an empathic and understanding relationship.
In my practice I have been specialising in anxiety and dread. These symptoms can manifest in many ways and, we will experience them in our unique way. Perhaps you are dealing with relational difficulties, sense of inadequacy, or feeling not good enough. Working from home and managing your personal life alongside might be challenging and at times almost unbearable. Internal and external conflicts, personal crisis can also be an opportunity for growth and change if addressed in an empathic way by a non-judgemental other. I will help you transform your symptoms into a meaningful experience and help you alter the self-narrative.
As a relational therapist, I believe that the vessel to any change is an empathic and understanding relationship.
In my practice I have been specialising in anxiety and dread. These symptoms can manifest in many ways and, we will experience them in our unique way. Perhaps you are dealing with relational difficulties, sense of inadequacy, or feeling not good enough. Working from home and managing your personal life alongside might be challenging and at times almost unbearable. Internal and external conflicts, personal crisis can also be an opportunity for growth and change if addressed in an empathic way by a non-judgemental other. I will help you transform your symptoms into a meaningful experience and help you alter the self-narrative.
020 8138 0735 View 020 8138 0735
Photo of Andreas Lind, MA, MUKCP, Psychotherapist
Andreas Lind
Psychotherapist, MA, MUKCP
Verified Verified
London W9
Attachment / Relational Dynamic Interpersonal DIT Mentalisation Psychodynamic Psychoanalytic Compassion Focused Interpersonal .
I am a psychotherapist accredited UKCP experienced at treating emotional and psychological issues. Until 2021 I divided my time between private practice and the NHS, where I was Principal Psychotherapist for a large NHS Trust. Now in full time private practice I have extensive experience of assessing and treating people from a variety of backgrounds whose problems range from severe and complex to more easily treatable problems including: Self-esteem, personal development, depression, anxiety, addictions, self-harm, personality problems and family and relationship concerns.
Attachment / Relational Dynamic Interpersonal DIT Mentalisation Psychodynamic Psychoanalytic Compassion Focused Interpersonal .
I am a psychotherapist accredited UKCP experienced at treating emotional and psychological issues. Until 2021 I divided my time between private practice and the NHS, where I was Principal Psychotherapist for a large NHS Trust. Now in full time private practice I have extensive experience of assessing and treating people from a variety of backgrounds whose problems range from severe and complex to more easily treatable problems including: Self-esteem, personal development, depression, anxiety, addictions, self-harm, personality problems and family and relationship concerns.
020 3053 9827 View 020 3053 9827
Photo of Dr Selina Kapasi, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych., Psychologist
Dr Selina Kapasi
Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Verified Verified
London N21  (Online Only)
Qualifying as a CBT therapist in 2014 and as a Psychologist in 2021, I have been privileged to work with people of all ages, presenting with a variety of challenges including anxiety, trauma, depression, and relational difficulties.
Personal challenges occur through every stage of life, and they can be difficult to manage alone. In fact, our emotions can lead us to push others away, and isolate ourselves when we may be most in need. Tuning in to how we feel and asking for support is an important first step, and through an initial session we can understand your feelings and perspective and think together about a way forward; importantly this can be your opportunity to see if I am the right ‘fit’ for you. I seek to create a safe and confidential space, developing a trusting relationship so that together we can approach and reach your goals.
Qualifying as a CBT therapist in 2014 and as a Psychologist in 2021, I have been privileged to work with people of all ages, presenting with a variety of challenges including anxiety, trauma, depression, and relational difficulties.
Personal challenges occur through every stage of life, and they can be difficult to manage alone. In fact, our emotions can lead us to push others away, and isolate ourselves when we may be most in need. Tuning in to how we feel and asking for support is an important first step, and through an initial session we can understand your feelings and perspective and think together about a way forward; importantly this can be your opportunity to see if I am the right ‘fit’ for you. I seek to create a safe and confidential space, developing a trusting relationship so that together we can approach and reach your goals.
01992 929614 View 01992 929614
Photo of Adelle Havard - Passenger Arts Therapy, MA, HCPC-Art Therap., Psychotherapist
Passenger Arts Therapy
Psychotherapist, MA, HCPC-Art Therap.
Verified Verified
London N19  (Online Only)
I specialise in trauma, particularly domestic and sexual violence, alongside loss, grief, anxiety, depression and relational difficulties.
I am an integrative arts psychotherapist working imaginatively and relationally in a trauma-informed way, underpinned by humanistic theories and approaches. Creativity is central to my practice and I invite everything from pop music to superhero films into sessions to aid communication and expression.
I specialise in trauma, particularly domestic and sexual violence, alongside loss, grief, anxiety, depression and relational difficulties.
I am an integrative arts psychotherapist working imaginatively and relationally in a trauma-informed way, underpinned by humanistic theories and approaches. Creativity is central to my practice and I invite everything from pop music to superhero films into sessions to aid communication and expression.
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Photo of Christina Gregory, MSc, GMBPsS, Psychotherapist
Christina Gregory
Psychotherapist, MSc, GMBPsS
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
London N21
This means I combine several psychological theories and techniques into a cohesive and relational way of working.
Are you struggling with life and work demands? Are you facing difficult life transitions or perhaps have lost pleasure in activities that you once enjoyed? Maybe you cannot identify what is troubling you, but just know that things don't seem quite right. I appreciate that taking the first steps and reaching out to someone can be daunting, so it is important to find a therapist that you feel comfortable working with. Whatever the reason that brings you to therapy, together we can create a treatment plan that suits your needs, so that you can lead a more fulfilling life.
This means I combine several psychological theories and techniques into a cohesive and relational way of working.
Are you struggling with life and work demands? Are you facing difficult life transitions or perhaps have lost pleasure in activities that you once enjoyed? Maybe you cannot identify what is troubling you, but just know that things don't seem quite right. I appreciate that taking the first steps and reaching out to someone can be daunting, so it is important to find a therapist that you feel comfortable working with. Whatever the reason that brings you to therapy, together we can create a treatment plan that suits your needs, so that you can lead a more fulfilling life.
07480 538089 View 07480 538089
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Relational Counsellors

How does relational therapy work?

Relational therapy was developed by psychologist Jean Miller, whose ideas stressed that having strong connections with others encourages better health and well-being when compared with a lonely existence. Conversely, poor interpersonal relationships do not foster growth and learning. Relational therapy also encourages trust in others and patience with others, along with better communication and less conflict.

Is relational therapy evidence-based?

Relational therapy is not well-studied, and it may not be as effective in treating certain mental health conditions when compared with evidence-based treatments like cognitive behavioural or acceptance and commitment therapy. However, relational therapy uses techniques found in cognitive behavioural therapy as well as psychodynamic therapy, which are both well-studied with empirical research.

How long are people typically in relational therapy?

Clients may see improvement after a few weeks or months of therapy. Like cognitive behavioral therapy, relational therapy can reduce symptoms within 10 to 20 weeks, at 45 to 50 minutes once a week. But like any type of therapy, improvement depends on the person and the severity of the problem.

Does relational therapy work?

While no therapy type will work for everyone, some evidence suggests that this therapy can be effective. Relational therapy can help a person manage problematic relationships as well as the mental health conditions that accompany difficult relationships like depression or anxiety. This therapy type may offer benefits that are hard to measure but can be just as valuable—including feelings of higher self-worth or healthier connections with others.