Depression Counselling in London

Photo of Andrea Morrison, MBACP, Counsellor
Andrea Morrison
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
London SE6
Beginning counselling can feel overwhelming , so my aim is to create a safe, non-judgemental space in which you can feel secure, supported and understood. During our work together, we will explore and process the difficulties you are experiencing. We are all affected by life’s journey and often have deep-rooted, painful issues that can prevent us from reaching our potential and establishing and maintaining healthy relationships. I work with clients presenting with a broad range of issues including bereavement, trauma, abuse, trauma, self-esteem, depression, relationships, stress, bereavement, health-related problems and work issues.
Beginning counselling can feel overwhelming , so my aim is to create a safe, non-judgemental space in which you can feel secure, supported and understood. During our work together, we will explore and process the difficulties you are experiencing. We are all affected by life’s journey and often have deep-rooted, painful issues that can prevent us from reaching our potential and establishing and maintaining healthy relationships. I work with clients presenting with a broad range of issues including bereavement, trauma, abuse, trauma, self-esteem, depression, relationships, stress, bereavement, health-related problems and work issues.
07480 801769 View 07480 801769
Photo of Carole Simpkins, MA, MBACP Accred, Counsellor
Carole Simpkins
Counsellor, MA, MBACP Accred
Verified Verified
London EC2V
You may be feeling anxious, depressed, angry, confused, struggling in relationships or with bereavement, or simply be curious about yourself.
You may be feeling anxious, depressed, angry, confused, struggling in relationships or with bereavement, or simply be curious about yourself.
020 3870 2672 View 020 3870 2672
Photo of Whitney Shaw-Dale, MA, MUKCP, Psychotherapist
Whitney Shaw-Dale
Psychotherapist, MA, MUKCP
Verified Verified
London NW1  (Online Only)
Thank you for visiting my page. I am currently working online only. Life can present us with many challenges, some of which may be harder to deal with than others. I work with clients who have/are experiencing depression, anxiety, bereavement, addictive behaviours, and abuse to name a few, which can leave us feeling blocked, hopeless and unaware of what to do. I use an integrative approach to therapy which includes, gestalt, person-centred, psychodynamic and CBT therapy to deepen awareness of these blocks and to help you make a healthy change.
Thank you for visiting my page. I am currently working online only. Life can present us with many challenges, some of which may be harder to deal with than others. I work with clients who have/are experiencing depression, anxiety, bereavement, addictive behaviours, and abuse to name a few, which can leave us feeling blocked, hopeless and unaware of what to do. I use an integrative approach to therapy which includes, gestalt, person-centred, psychodynamic and CBT therapy to deepen awareness of these blocks and to help you make a healthy change.
020 3667 9096 View 020 3667 9096
Photo of Velma Dennis, MBACP, Counsellor
Velma Dennis
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
London SW16
You may be experiencing high anxiety ,low confidence, grief, coping with rejection, shame abuse, and depression ,What ever your reason's for seeking help you will be accepted for who you are and we will work together to get you back on track to fulfil your true potential.
I am a qualified Integrative Counsellor and Coach & placement Supervisor working towards Certification www.counsellingsupervisors.co.uk - Counselling Supervisor, I offer a safe non-judgemental and confidential space for you to freely explore your situation and understand it better. We can work together to understand your past ,see were you want to be in your life and explore the best way of getting there.My passion is to help people fulfil their potential and to help them through the difficult times.
You may be experiencing high anxiety ,low confidence, grief, coping with rejection, shame abuse, and depression ,What ever your reason's for seeking help you will be accepted for who you are and we will work together to get you back on track to fulfil your true potential.
I am a qualified Integrative Counsellor and Coach & placement Supervisor working towards Certification www.counsellingsupervisors.co.uk - Counselling Supervisor, I offer a safe non-judgemental and confidential space for you to freely explore your situation and understand it better. We can work together to understand your past ,see were you want to be in your life and explore the best way of getting there.My passion is to help people fulfil their potential and to help them through the difficult times.
01798 305068 View 01798 305068
Photo of Aziz Yaghoubi Anzabi - Dr. Aziz Anzabi, PhD, ACC-AC, Counsellor
Dr. Aziz Anzabi
Counsellor, PhD, ACC-AC
Verified Verified
London NW11
I have spent several years working with couples therapy, bipolar, depression ,anxiety disorders, addiction, PMS ,infant loss and OCD .I'm committed to providing counselling with the most up-to-date techniques to build a healing and therapeutic relationship with clients. I will help my client to recover from stress, anxiety, trauma and loss. During the sessions I ensure that the relationship between me and the client is a safe and supportive, one in order to allow the client to freely express their problems. Each session will be fully effective in order to help my patients solve or overcome their problem.
I have spent several years working with couples therapy, bipolar, depression ,anxiety disorders, addiction, PMS ,infant loss and OCD .I'm committed to providing counselling with the most up-to-date techniques to build a healing and therapeutic relationship with clients. I will help my client to recover from stress, anxiety, trauma and loss. During the sessions I ensure that the relationship between me and the client is a safe and supportive, one in order to allow the client to freely express their problems. Each session will be fully effective in order to help my patients solve or overcome their problem.
07446 500016 View 07446 500016
Photo of Nav Heer, MBACP, Counsellor
Nav Heer
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
London NW3  (Online Only)
I have been qualified for 14 years, working alongside community organisations, particularly with Anxiety/Stress; Domestic Abuse; Depression; Self confidence; Bereavement with local hospices and NHS.
In the current world of uncertainty and change, it has been a challenging time for ourselves, our loved ones and society’s mental health. Counselling explores difficulties you are having, distress you may be experiencing, dissatisfaction with life or loss of a sense of direction & purpose. I will listen attentively, in a non-judgemental way, provided in a professional and respectful manner, counselling will begin to bring awareness and help you to see things more clearly, possibly from a different perspective. I have worked with children & adults, giving equal respect and treatment, regardless of their background or beliefs.
I have been qualified for 14 years, working alongside community organisations, particularly with Anxiety/Stress; Domestic Abuse; Depression; Self confidence; Bereavement with local hospices and NHS.
In the current world of uncertainty and change, it has been a challenging time for ourselves, our loved ones and society’s mental health. Counselling explores difficulties you are having, distress you may be experiencing, dissatisfaction with life or loss of a sense of direction & purpose. I will listen attentively, in a non-judgemental way, provided in a professional and respectful manner, counselling will begin to bring awareness and help you to see things more clearly, possibly from a different perspective. I have worked with children & adults, giving equal respect and treatment, regardless of their background or beliefs.
024 7526 2023 View 024 7526 2023
Photo of Sara Koczwara, MBACP, Counsellor
Sara Koczwara
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
London E8
I worked with a wide variety of clients and have experience in helping people with a range of emotional and psychological difficulties including anxiety, depression, low self-esteem, relationship issues, abuse, addictions, eating disorders, mood disorders, trauma, gender and identity issues, and sexual problems.
My name is Sara and I am a Humanistic Integrative Therapist. I strongly believe that with the right support and guidance people are able to overcome any difficulties in their life and live in a healthier and more fulfilling way. One of my core values is trust and I see it as a vital part of the therapeutic process and any relationship.
I worked with a wide variety of clients and have experience in helping people with a range of emotional and psychological difficulties including anxiety, depression, low self-esteem, relationship issues, abuse, addictions, eating disorders, mood disorders, trauma, gender and identity issues, and sexual problems.
My name is Sara and I am a Humanistic Integrative Therapist. I strongly believe that with the right support and guidance people are able to overcome any difficulties in their life and live in a healthier and more fulfilling way. One of my core values is trust and I see it as a vital part of the therapeutic process and any relationship.
020 4538 2975 View 020 4538 2975
Photo of Dr Mazda Beigi, PhD, HCPC - Clin. Psych., Psychologist
Dr Mazda Beigi
Psychologist, PhD, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
London W5
I work with all age groups, supporting depression, trauma and anxiety (OCD, Phobias etc.
Are you experiencing challenges that have been with you so long it feels hopeless to confront them? Are you feeling down or anxious about circumstances that seem out of your control? Together, we will develop models and draw on theories to explore your specific goals and apply principles that will establish a clear pathway to rediscovering your needs. I offer a compassionate, non-judgmental environment to facilitate thought provoking discussions and help empower you to take back your quality of life. Through integration of techniques, we will open discussions and unravel untapped beliefs to help you transition towards your values.
I work with all age groups, supporting depression, trauma and anxiety (OCD, Phobias etc.
Are you experiencing challenges that have been with you so long it feels hopeless to confront them? Are you feeling down or anxious about circumstances that seem out of your control? Together, we will develop models and draw on theories to explore your specific goals and apply principles that will establish a clear pathway to rediscovering your needs. I offer a compassionate, non-judgmental environment to facilitate thought provoking discussions and help empower you to take back your quality of life. Through integration of techniques, we will open discussions and unravel untapped beliefs to help you transition towards your values.
020 8138 8819 View 020 8138 8819
Photo of Nicolas Burden, HCPC - Clin. Psych., Psychologist
Nicolas Burden
Psychologist, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Verified Verified
London WC1A
I’m a Clinical Psychologist with 15 years of experience. I maintain an open-minded, warm and non-judgmental approach to the struggles that people have. I aim to make my clients feel safe and work hard to establish a strong therapeutic relationship, knowing that this is crucial in supporting people to make important changes. I work with adults, couples and families and those struggling with depression, anxiety, relationship strain, family strain, stress, trauma & low self-esteem. I have specialised expertise in working with LGBTQ+ communities, Gay Men and relationship diversity (GSRD).
I’m a Clinical Psychologist with 15 years of experience. I maintain an open-minded, warm and non-judgmental approach to the struggles that people have. I aim to make my clients feel safe and work hard to establish a strong therapeutic relationship, knowing that this is crucial in supporting people to make important changes. I work with adults, couples and families and those struggling with depression, anxiety, relationship strain, family strain, stress, trauma & low self-esteem. I have specialised expertise in working with LGBTQ+ communities, Gay Men and relationship diversity (GSRD).
020 3667 9906 View 020 3667 9906
Photo of Michael Onslow, DCounsPsych, BACP, Psychotherapist
Michael Onslow
Psychotherapist, DCounsPsych, BACP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
London WC1B
If you're reading this it’s possible you are finding things difficult to cope with and would like to make more sense of the challenges you're facing. I know that trying to live with anxiety, depression, trauma, or complex relationships can feel overwhelming and it’s difficult to know how to keep going and where to start with getting help and support. I work a lot with clients who have had difficult past experiences which mean they struggle to trust and relate to others. By speaking to a professional who is experienced in helping people overcome these problems, you are giving yourself the best chance of making the changes you need.
If you're reading this it’s possible you are finding things difficult to cope with and would like to make more sense of the challenges you're facing. I know that trying to live with anxiety, depression, trauma, or complex relationships can feel overwhelming and it’s difficult to know how to keep going and where to start with getting help and support. I work a lot with clients who have had difficult past experiences which mean they struggle to trust and relate to others. By speaking to a professional who is experienced in helping people overcome these problems, you are giving yourself the best chance of making the changes you need.
020 3835 2067 View 020 3835 2067
Photo of Zara N, MSc, MBACP, Counsellor
Zara N
Counsellor, MSc, MBACP
Verified Verified
London E10
I am a BACP qualified therapist who has worked extensively with clients and organisations for over 13 years. I work with an extensive range of issues including: bereavement, depression, stress, anxiety, employee assistance, relationships, self harm and suicide, marital issues, divorce, mental health disorders, work related issues, abuse, identity, parenthood, menopause and life challenges. I work in an empathetic, non judgemental and safe way with clients from all backgrounds. I have an unrivalled professional and educational background and I provide online and telephone therapy as well as a face to face and a walk and talk service.
I am a BACP qualified therapist who has worked extensively with clients and organisations for over 13 years. I work with an extensive range of issues including: bereavement, depression, stress, anxiety, employee assistance, relationships, self harm and suicide, marital issues, divorce, mental health disorders, work related issues, abuse, identity, parenthood, menopause and life challenges. I work in an empathetic, non judgemental and safe way with clients from all backgrounds. I have an unrivalled professional and educational background and I provide online and telephone therapy as well as a face to face and a walk and talk service.
07400 346099 View 07400 346099
Photo of Sally Bild, MSc, MUKCP, Psychotherapist
Sally Bild
Psychotherapist, MSc, MUKCP
Verified Verified
London N1
Life can be challenging and there are times when we may need help to navigate our way through it. Often our early experiences in our families don't equip us to manage life as well as we would like. This can cause difficulties in our relationships, both with ourselves and others and can lead us to repeat patterns that are unhelpful and leave us feeling depressed and anxious or stuck and unfulfilled. Therapy can help us to understand ourselves and our experiences and to give us the resources to cope with difficult feelings and circumstances. It can help us to improve our lives and relationships and make better decisions.
Life can be challenging and there are times when we may need help to navigate our way through it. Often our early experiences in our families don't equip us to manage life as well as we would like. This can cause difficulties in our relationships, both with ourselves and others and can lead us to repeat patterns that are unhelpful and leave us feeling depressed and anxious or stuck and unfulfilled. Therapy can help us to understand ourselves and our experiences and to give us the resources to cope with difficult feelings and circumstances. It can help us to improve our lives and relationships and make better decisions.
020 4538 3497 View 020 4538 3497
Photo of Susanna Charlotte Bouchard, BACP, Counsellor
Susanna Charlotte Bouchard
Counsellor, BACP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
London E4
I have experiences in a range of different mental health issues which include depression, anxiety, bereavement and self-esteem.
Hello, my name is Sue and I am a warm and friendly professionally qualified counsellor, based in east London. I am available for face to face, online or telephone counselling and would be happy to answer any questions you might have. My approach emphasises on helping clients to better understand themselves and be more confident in the choices they make and the way they think and feel. I strive to help clients with understanding their thoughts feeling and behaviour to feel empowered and more in control of there lives.
I have experiences in a range of different mental health issues which include depression, anxiety, bereavement and self-esteem.
Hello, my name is Sue and I am a warm and friendly professionally qualified counsellor, based in east London. I am available for face to face, online or telephone counselling and would be happy to answer any questions you might have. My approach emphasises on helping clients to better understand themselves and be more confident in the choices they make and the way they think and feel. I strive to help clients with understanding their thoughts feeling and behaviour to feel empowered and more in control of there lives.
01708 201991 View 01708 201991
Photo of Malgosia Fijak-Koch, CPsychol, Psychologist
Malgosia Fijak-Koch
Psychologist, CPsychol
Verified Verified
London E2
My clients have presented with difficulties such as anxiety and depression, severe trauma, abuse, phobias, personality disorders, psychosis, relationship difficulties, attachment, bereavement and identity issues.
I am an integrative practitioner which means that my practice is influenced by more than one approach. In my work I focus on adapting the best-suited approach to your individual needs. This might entail helping you find coping strategies to address specific symptoms or assisting you to increase understanding of yourself and your relationships with others. I am also using DIT model (Dynamic Interpersonal Therapy) which is a 16 sessions time limited therapy aiming to identify and change unhelpful patterns affecting your important relationships and professional achievements.
My clients have presented with difficulties such as anxiety and depression, severe trauma, abuse, phobias, personality disorders, psychosis, relationship difficulties, attachment, bereavement and identity issues.
I am an integrative practitioner which means that my practice is influenced by more than one approach. In my work I focus on adapting the best-suited approach to your individual needs. This might entail helping you find coping strategies to address specific symptoms or assisting you to increase understanding of yourself and your relationships with others. I am also using DIT model (Dynamic Interpersonal Therapy) which is a 16 sessions time limited therapy aiming to identify and change unhelpful patterns affecting your important relationships and professional achievements.
020 3962 2073 x079699 View 020 3962 2073 x079699
Photo of Carroll Locke Urban Trauma Therapy, MBACP, Counsellor
Carroll Locke Urban Trauma Therapy
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
London W13  (Online Only)
People come to counselling for many different reasons - stress, anxiety, depression, abuse, trauma, domestic violence etc.
I offer a non-judgemental space for you to find the way forward to achieve a life without chaos. I provide an approach that uses Trauma-focused counselling on each individual for your unique goals and needs. It can be quite anxiety provoking coming to counselling, especially if this is your first time. I offer a free 10 minute telephone consultation to answer any questions you may have, giving you the opportunity to decide if counselling with me is for you, with no obligation to continue.
People come to counselling for many different reasons - stress, anxiety, depression, abuse, trauma, domestic violence etc.
I offer a non-judgemental space for you to find the way forward to achieve a life without chaos. I provide an approach that uses Trauma-focused counselling on each individual for your unique goals and needs. It can be quite anxiety provoking coming to counselling, especially if this is your first time. I offer a free 10 minute telephone consultation to answer any questions you may have, giving you the opportunity to decide if counselling with me is for you, with no obligation to continue.
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Photo of Martin Bartlett, MNCPS Acc., Counsellor
Martin Bartlett
Counsellor, MNCPS Acc.
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
London WC1X
Are you struggling with intrusive thoughts or overwhelming feelings? Maybe you are unable to go on as you have, or recent events make it hard to move on? You don't have to face this alone, understanding and support can make all the difference. I’m Martin, an accredited therapist who supports people as they navigate difficulties, including: anxiety, depression, trauma, relationship issues, bereavement, loneliness, addiction, low self-esteem, ADHD and more. Whatever your reason for seeking therapy, I am here to help you, every step of the way.
Are you struggling with intrusive thoughts or overwhelming feelings? Maybe you are unable to go on as you have, or recent events make it hard to move on? You don't have to face this alone, understanding and support can make all the difference. I’m Martin, an accredited therapist who supports people as they navigate difficulties, including: anxiety, depression, trauma, relationship issues, bereavement, loneliness, addiction, low self-esteem, ADHD and more. Whatever your reason for seeking therapy, I am here to help you, every step of the way.
020 3376 6130 View 020 3376 6130
Photo of Beatriz Cadavid, MBACP, Counsellor
Beatriz Cadavid
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
London N1
Are you feeling anxious, demotivated, and or depressed? Perhaps you feel like you're at your wits end and don't know what to do? Do you ever feel inadequate, insecure or like you don't belong? Do you ever wish you could just feel more confident? Do you find yourself caught in a cycle of negative thinking or trying to avoid your problem but it just won't go away? I have been working successfully with clients with low confidence, self-esteem, social anxiety, social phobia, and existential issues in a counselling or coaching capacity. My style is collaborative, solution-focussed, & somatic, tailored to you and your individual needs.
Are you feeling anxious, demotivated, and or depressed? Perhaps you feel like you're at your wits end and don't know what to do? Do you ever feel inadequate, insecure or like you don't belong? Do you ever wish you could just feel more confident? Do you find yourself caught in a cycle of negative thinking or trying to avoid your problem but it just won't go away? I have been working successfully with clients with low confidence, self-esteem, social anxiety, social phobia, and existential issues in a counselling or coaching capacity. My style is collaborative, solution-focussed, & somatic, tailored to you and your individual needs.
020 8138 8527 View 020 8138 8527
Photo of Marcus Cook, MA, MBACP, Psychotherapist
Marcus Cook
Psychotherapist, MA, MBACP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
London W1G
How are you feeling? Are you having a difficult time at the moment? ​I work with a diverse range of people dealing with issues such as anxiety, depression and low mood, stress and burnout, trauma, relationship issues, grief and loss, and low self-worth. As a mixed-race therapist who has lived in several countries, I have a particular interest in identity, belonging, feeling 'different' and misunderstood, disconnection, cultural differences and migration issues.
How are you feeling? Are you having a difficult time at the moment? ​I work with a diverse range of people dealing with issues such as anxiety, depression and low mood, stress and burnout, trauma, relationship issues, grief and loss, and low self-worth. As a mixed-race therapist who has lived in several countries, I have a particular interest in identity, belonging, feeling 'different' and misunderstood, disconnection, cultural differences and migration issues.
020 3376 7880 View 020 3376 7880
Photo of Simonetta Wyatt, MBACP, Counsellor
Simonetta Wyatt
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
London SW14
Each and every one of us will at some point in our lives face difficulties and challenges that we find hard to deal with – be that experiencing periods of feeling ‘stuck’, anxious, depressed, low or angry; experiencing conflicts in our relationships with others, suffering a loss; or being impacted by past events which still affect how we cope with life today.
Each and every one of us will at some point in our lives face difficulties and challenges that we find hard to deal with – be that experiencing periods of feeling ‘stuck’, anxious, depressed, low or angry; experiencing conflicts in our relationships with others, suffering a loss; or being impacted by past events which still affect how we cope with life today.
01748 901490 View 01748 901490
Photo of Dr Adela Mrkaljevic, DCounsPsych, HCPC - Couns. Psych., Psychologist
Dr Adela Mrkaljevic
Psychologist, DCounsPsych, HCPC - Couns. Psych.
Verified Verified
London SE1
I specialize in helping individuals navigate a wide range of mental health challenges, such as depression, anxiety, phobias, personality and dissociative disorders, psychosis, long-term health conditions, and trauma, including child sexual abuse and PTSD.
Hello, I’m Adela. As a counselling psychologist with over ten years of clinical experience in both the NHS and private practice, my goal is to provide compassionate and effective therapy. I draw on various treatment models, including Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT), Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), and Dialectical Behaviour Therapy (DBT), to create a personalised and integrative approach for each client.
I specialize in helping individuals navigate a wide range of mental health challenges, such as depression, anxiety, phobias, personality and dissociative disorders, psychosis, long-term health conditions, and trauma, including child sexual abuse and PTSD.
Hello, I’m Adela. As a counselling psychologist with over ten years of clinical experience in both the NHS and private practice, my goal is to provide compassionate and effective therapy. I draw on various treatment models, including Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT), Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), and Dialectical Behaviour Therapy (DBT), to create a personalised and integrative approach for each client.
020 7046 0175 View 020 7046 0175
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Depression Counsellors

What is the goal of therapy for depression?

Therapy for depression has several major goals. One is to relieve the mental pain of depression, which distorts feeling and thinking so that sufferers cannot see beyond their current state of mind or envision feeling better. Another is to give people the mental tools to recognise and correct the kinds of distorted thinking that turn a problem into a catastrophe and lead to despair. Therapy also teaches people how to process negative emotions in constructive ways, so they have more control over their own emotional reactivity. And it helps people regain the ability to see themselves positively, the motivation to do things, and the capacity for pleasure.

What happens in therapy for depression?

Perhaps most important, no matter the type of therapy, patients form an alliance with the therapist; that connection is therapeutic in itself, plus it becomes an instrument of change. Patients learn to identify and to challenge their own erroneous beliefs and thoughts that amplify the effects of negative experiences. They learn to identify situations in which they are especially vulnerable. And they learn new patterns of thinking and behaving. They may be given “homework” assignments in which they practice their developing skills. In addition, good therapists regularly monitor patients to assess whether and how much the condition is improving.

What therapy types help with depression?

Several types of short-term therapy have been found effective, each targeting one or more areas of dysfunction. Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) helps clients challenge their negative thoughts and beliefs, learn new behavioral strategies, and curb reactivity to distressing situations. Behavioural activation (BA) is a form of therapy often used in conjunction with CBT; it focuses on engagement in rewarding activity as a pathway to changing negative feelings and disturbed mood. Another widely used approach is interpersonal therapy (IPT), which targets the social difficulties that both give rise to and get exacerbated by depression. Therapists may combine approaches as needed.

Can therapy for depression be done online?

Studies have found that online therapy can be highly effective for treating depression, although it may be more challenging to build a good therapist-patient alliance on screen than in person—at least at first. However, online therapy can offer considerable advantages. Accessibility and convenience are tops among them. Some people actually find it easier to talk about problems online than in person. While online therapy typically limits visibility of facial expression and body gestures that give important nonverbal cues to a patient’s state of mind, it can give therapists a glimpse into a patient’s world and life, providing information that can be highly useful in guiding therapy.

How effective is therapy for depression?

Many studies show that therapy is highly effective provided that patients complete the prescribed course of therapy, commonly 16 to 20 sessions. Over the long term, it is more effective than medication and the effects are more enduring. As a result, psychotherapy has the power not just to relieve current suffering but to prevent future episodes of the disorder. Therapy reverses the dysfunction in neural circuitry that disposes individuals to a negative view of themselves, the world, and their future and they acquire coping techniques, problem-solving skills, and understanding of their own vulnerabilities that are useful over the course of a lifetime.