Hypnotherapists in Leeds, ENG

Photo of Juna Brookes, MBACP Accred, Psychotherapist
Juna Brookes
Psychotherapist, MBACP Accred
Verified Verified
Leeds LS18
The first step is our initial 1 hour assessment consultation either by zoom or face to face ( £70/£100) The next step would be a package of mixed online and in person psychotherapy, hypnotherapy, and EMDR sessions 50 mins £420 for 5 sessions.
Hi, my name is Juna Brookes, I am a BACP accredited counsellor and qualified EMDR Therapist in Horsforth, Leeds. I specialize in Trauma/PTSD and anxiety treatments. I help my clients to let go and be free of the traumatic incidents in their past.
The first step is our initial 1 hour assessment consultation either by zoom or face to face ( £70/£100) The next step would be a package of mixed online and in person psychotherapy, hypnotherapy, and EMDR sessions 50 mins £420 for 5 sessions.
Hi, my name is Juna Brookes, I am a BACP accredited counsellor and qualified EMDR Therapist in Horsforth, Leeds. I specialize in Trauma/PTSD and anxiety treatments. I help my clients to let go and be free of the traumatic incidents in their past.
0113 467 8327 View 0113 467 8327
Photo of Shanne Evans, DCounsPsych, BACP, Counsellor
Shanne Evans
Counsellor, DCounsPsych, BACP
Verified Verified
Leeds LS25
I offer phone, online and face-to-face person-centred counselling, hypnotherapy and coaching.
Do you struggle to overcome loss or grieve after a bereavement? Is worry, overthinking, anxiety or depression stopping you? Are you stuck in your life or relationship and need to find a way to move forward or do you seem to have lost sight of each other? Perhaps you struggle to find the motivation, or simply want to talk about anything your would to change or understand. Then why not give counselling, hypnotherapy or coaching with me a chance.
I offer phone, online and face-to-face person-centred counselling, hypnotherapy and coaching.
Do you struggle to overcome loss or grieve after a bereavement? Is worry, overthinking, anxiety or depression stopping you? Are you stuck in your life or relationship and need to find a way to move forward or do you seem to have lost sight of each other? Perhaps you struggle to find the motivation, or simply want to talk about anything your would to change or understand. Then why not give counselling, hypnotherapy or coaching with me a chance.
01977 801636 View 01977 801636
Photo of Ruth Tarr, PhD, Psychotherapist
Ruth Tarr
Psychotherapist, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Leeds LS1  (Online Only)
I use a range of psychotherapy techniques - CBT, hypnotherapy, mindfulness, meditation & coaching.
Hi! I'm Ruth, a Psychotherapist, working with clients aged 8 and up, especially families, and I'd like to help you. Are you struggling with feeling anxious, overwhelmed or uncertain about your life? Do you have a child or young person experiencing anxiety, overwhelm, or having emotional moodswings that may be negatively impacting on family life? Perhaps you feel like you don't know how best to support them? Would you like to feel (or like your child to feel) more resilient, calm and balanced? Would you like help getting comfortable with your uncomfortable feelings?
I use a range of psychotherapy techniques - CBT, hypnotherapy, mindfulness, meditation & coaching.
Hi! I'm Ruth, a Psychotherapist, working with clients aged 8 and up, especially families, and I'd like to help you. Are you struggling with feeling anxious, overwhelmed or uncertain about your life? Do you have a child or young person experiencing anxiety, overwhelm, or having emotional moodswings that may be negatively impacting on family life? Perhaps you feel like you don't know how best to support them? Would you like to feel (or like your child to feel) more resilient, calm and balanced? Would you like help getting comfortable with your uncomfortable feelings?
01347 668074 View 01347 668074
Photo of Amanda Cunliffe, MBACP, Psychotherapist
Amanda Cunliffe
Psychotherapist, MBACP
Verified Verified
Leeds LS13
Perhaps something has shifted in your thoughts/feelings/behaviour that’s uncomfortable, or maybe you’ve decided to explore a long-standing issue. I help my clients achieve their therapeutic goals either by discussing their current or past issues through counselling/psychotherapy or some clients also opt to have hypnotherapy with me too (you can read about that on my website). I offer empathy, confidentiality, safety and opportunity to explore their feelings in a therapeutic relationship. I'm not here to pass judgement or advise but instead I'm here to help you navigate the highs and lows.
Perhaps something has shifted in your thoughts/feelings/behaviour that’s uncomfortable, or maybe you’ve decided to explore a long-standing issue. I help my clients achieve their therapeutic goals either by discussing their current or past issues through counselling/psychotherapy or some clients also opt to have hypnotherapy with me too (you can read about that on my website). I offer empathy, confidentiality, safety and opportunity to explore their feelings in a therapeutic relationship. I'm not here to pass judgement or advise but instead I'm here to help you navigate the highs and lows.
01704 331518 View 01704 331518
Photo of Debbie Daltrey - Great Minds Clinic, MBACP, Psychotherapist
Great Minds Clinic
Psychotherapist, MBACP
Verified Verified
Leeds LS14
You will know when your anxiety and stress is getting out of control and you may be considering ​ hypnotherapy or counselling to help.
Hello ! Thank you for viewing this profile. I provide solution focused hypnotherapy and integrative counselling, EFT & NLP, helping you with confidence, self-esteem and positivity. Tackling anxiety, phobias, depression, weight management and more. I offer a free initial consultation which can be booked at www.greatmindsclinic.co.uk and choose 'book now' from the top of the screen. .
You will know when your anxiety and stress is getting out of control and you may be considering ​ hypnotherapy or counselling to help.
Hello ! Thank you for viewing this profile. I provide solution focused hypnotherapy and integrative counselling, EFT & NLP, helping you with confidence, self-esteem and positivity. Tackling anxiety, phobias, depression, weight management and more. I offer a free initial consultation which can be booked at www.greatmindsclinic.co.uk and choose 'book now' from the top of the screen. .
07723 477486 View 07723 477486
Photo of Lynda Mayall - Lynda Mayall Counselling, MBACP, Counsellor
Lynda Mayall Counselling
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
Leeds LS27
Hello,since qualifying in 1992 I have had the great privilege to work alongside many clients seeking help with anxiety, depression, relationship issues, anger issues, low self esteem, confidence issues, OCD, ADHD. I have also worked with survivors of physical, sexual and emotional abuse as well as those who have been in a narcissistic relationship. I work with adults and with couples. I have over 12 years experience working with clients with ADHD, from those awaiting diagnosis and those who are newly diagnosed and going through titration to those diagnosed in childhood. I work face to face and online.
Hello,since qualifying in 1992 I have had the great privilege to work alongside many clients seeking help with anxiety, depression, relationship issues, anger issues, low self esteem, confidence issues, OCD, ADHD. I have also worked with survivors of physical, sexual and emotional abuse as well as those who have been in a narcissistic relationship. I work with adults and with couples. I have over 12 years experience working with clients with ADHD, from those awaiting diagnosis and those who are newly diagnosed and going through titration to those diagnosed in childhood. I work face to face and online.
01274 033429 View 01274 033429
Photo of Luz Locatelli Dalimier, PhD, MBACP Accred, Psychotherapist
Luz Locatelli Dalimier
Psychotherapist, PhD, MBACP Accred
Verified Verified
Leeds LS8
My ideals clients are mainly Adults, Couples, EAP, Families, Groups, Older adults, Organisations, Trainees, athletes and Young people.
My ideals clients are mainly Adults, Couples, EAP, Families, Groups, Older adults, Organisations, Trainees, athletes and Young people.
0113 519 3203 View 0113 519 3203
Photo of Nea Clark, MSc, MUKCP, Psychotherapist
Nea Clark
Psychotherapist, MSc, MUKCP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Leeds LS8
I support couples and individual to resolve life and relationship difficulties. To raise self confidence, self esteem and manage relationships impacted by current changes. I provide support for ADHD clients, if you feel last in yourself, lonely, feeling overwhelmed and trying to find how to coop in the present. If you experience heightened anxiety, overloaded mind, fear of the future. Working together will help to normalize the situation, strengthen your resilience, unlock resourcefulness and confidence. Develop and practice strategies to coop with current challenges, manage your feelings and behaviour. Find balance and contentment.
I support couples and individual to resolve life and relationship difficulties. To raise self confidence, self esteem and manage relationships impacted by current changes. I provide support for ADHD clients, if you feel last in yourself, lonely, feeling overwhelmed and trying to find how to coop in the present. If you experience heightened anxiety, overloaded mind, fear of the future. Working together will help to normalize the situation, strengthen your resilience, unlock resourcefulness and confidence. Develop and practice strategies to coop with current challenges, manage your feelings and behaviour. Find balance and contentment.
0113 467 9038 View 0113 467 9038
Photo of Mihaela Rosca, MBACP, Counsellor
Mihaela Rosca
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
Leeds LS1  (Online Only)
Hello! I am Mihaela, a registered integrative counsellor and coach specialising in working with loss and grief, life transitions and relationships, and working also with other presentations such as anxiety and depression. Clients who have worked with me say that I have helped them develop a greater sense of self-awareness, self-worth, empathy for themselves and others, and a greater ability to navigate life's ebbs and flows. Working with me, you can expect to deepen your understanding of yourself, the unique resources and skills you possess, how these might support you and what else you need in order to get where you want to go.
Hello! I am Mihaela, a registered integrative counsellor and coach specialising in working with loss and grief, life transitions and relationships, and working also with other presentations such as anxiety and depression. Clients who have worked with me say that I have helped them develop a greater sense of self-awareness, self-worth, empathy for themselves and others, and a greater ability to navigate life's ebbs and flows. Working with me, you can expect to deepen your understanding of yourself, the unique resources and skills you possess, how these might support you and what else you need in order to get where you want to go.
020 4538 0536 View 020 4538 0536
Photo of Debbie Frost - Debbie Frost Counselling & Hypnotherapy, MBACP, Psychotherapist
Debbie Frost Counselling & Hypnotherapy
Psychotherapist, MBACP
Verified Verified
Leeds LS13
I am a counsellor and hypnotherapist, working  with adults and teenagers, I work with issues such as adult survivors of sexual abuse, relationship issues, anxiety, stress, suicide,confidence building, pain relief, depression, low self esteem, regression work, anger, domestic violence, sexual abuse, bereavement, trauma, bullying, self harm, phobia's, insomnia, weight loss, stopping smoking and other issues I am a qualified and experienced counsellor and hypnotherapist, I am a member of BACP. I have worked with DISC a drugs rehabilitation unit in Leeds and I also volunteered for BARCA Reaching out Counselling & psychotherapy services
I am a counsellor and hypnotherapist, working  with adults and teenagers, I work with issues such as adult survivors of sexual abuse, relationship issues, anxiety, stress, suicide,confidence building, pain relief, depression, low self esteem, regression work, anger, domestic violence, sexual abuse, bereavement, trauma, bullying, self harm, phobia's, insomnia, weight loss, stopping smoking and other issues I am a qualified and experienced counsellor and hypnotherapist, I am a member of BACP. I have worked with DISC a drugs rehabilitation unit in Leeds and I also volunteered for BARCA Reaching out Counselling & psychotherapy services
01274 288625 View 01274 288625
Photo of Cat Brown, DCounsPsych, MBACP, Counsellor
Cat Brown
Counsellor, DCounsPsych, MBACP
Verified Verified
Leeds LS13
When it’s not always possible to chat to a friend or loved one about personal issues counselling can be really helpful. Using a warm and down to earth style my sessions will use techniques to help discover the underlying symptoms, using a non direct approach. This will allow us to explore any issues you have, develop ways to overcome them, and move forward positively at a pace that feels right for you. As a fully qualified therapist, I offer help if you suffer emotional from problems with low self esteem, relationships, work related stress, abuse, child related issues, abandonment, drug abuse and addiction, amongst many others.
When it’s not always possible to chat to a friend or loved one about personal issues counselling can be really helpful. Using a warm and down to earth style my sessions will use techniques to help discover the underlying symptoms, using a non direct approach. This will allow us to explore any issues you have, develop ways to overcome them, and move forward positively at a pace that feels right for you. As a fully qualified therapist, I offer help if you suffer emotional from problems with low self esteem, relationships, work related stress, abuse, child related issues, abandonment, drug abuse and addiction, amongst many others.
0113 487 2776 View 0113 487 2776
Photo of Dr Zai Edworthy, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych., Psychologist
Dr Zai Edworthy
Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Verified Verified
Leeds LS11  (Online Only)
Hello and welcome. Are you a parent or carer? Are you worried about your child and need to speak with a clinical psychologist? At certain points in our lives, we could all benefit from the support and guidance of a therapist. I have over 20 years experience working with children and young people. I aim to give you helpful strategies that you can start to implement after I gather information about the issue/s you and your child are experiencing. If we both agree that the young person needs direct work/therapy, we can arrange this. Please visit my website to learn more about me or email me if you have a question or query.
Hello and welcome. Are you a parent or carer? Are you worried about your child and need to speak with a clinical psychologist? At certain points in our lives, we could all benefit from the support and guidance of a therapist. I have over 20 years experience working with children and young people. I aim to give you helpful strategies that you can start to implement after I gather information about the issue/s you and your child are experiencing. If we both agree that the young person needs direct work/therapy, we can arrange this. Please visit my website to learn more about me or email me if you have a question or query.
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Photo of Michelle Bradley, MBACP Accred, Psychotherapist
Michelle Bradley
Psychotherapist, MBACP Accred
Verified Verified
Leeds LS18
Waitlist for new clients
I am a fully quaIified, experienced, accredited and insured therapist working in the Bradford 2 area close to the city centre. I offer supportive, non-judgemental and confidential help to individuals and couples looking to overcome problems and challenges in order to enjoy a healthier, happier future. My speciality is working at deeper levels to address the root causes of problems and issues for longer term results, primarily using the IFS model and EMDR.
I am a fully quaIified, experienced, accredited and insured therapist working in the Bradford 2 area close to the city centre. I offer supportive, non-judgemental and confidential help to individuals and couples looking to overcome problems and challenges in order to enjoy a healthier, happier future. My speciality is working at deeper levels to address the root causes of problems and issues for longer term results, primarily using the IFS model and EMDR.
01274 033902 View 01274 033902
Photo of Dr Nicky Bould, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych., Psychologist
Dr Nicky Bould
Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Leeds LS10  (Online Only)
Hello, I’m Nicky and I am an HCPC registered Clinical Psychologist. I work with people who are experiencing a wide range of concerns. I also specialise in supporting people with physical health conditions and I have been working in NHS cancer services for over 15 years. I have extensive experience of working with people who are living with conditions such as cancer, diabetes, persistent pain, gastrointestinal problems (such as IBS), dermatological issues and also life-limiting illnesses. In addition to this, I also work more generally with issues such as depression, anxiety, grief, stress, relationship difficulties and trauma.
Hello, I’m Nicky and I am an HCPC registered Clinical Psychologist. I work with people who are experiencing a wide range of concerns. I also specialise in supporting people with physical health conditions and I have been working in NHS cancer services for over 15 years. I have extensive experience of working with people who are living with conditions such as cancer, diabetes, persistent pain, gastrointestinal problems (such as IBS), dermatological issues and also life-limiting illnesses. In addition to this, I also work more generally with issues such as depression, anxiety, grief, stress, relationship difficulties and trauma.
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Photo of Amandeep Kumar
Amandeep Kumar
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Leeds LS1
My name is Amandeep Kumar. I am Registered Mental Health Nurse. I am an EMDR Therapist (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing) and completed specialist training in Child & Adolescent EMDR. I have over 20 years experience working within the NHS. I am completely fascinated by how the mind and body create physical symptoms in the body and this is what can make us feel stuck or have an emotional response to the symptoms. Self-healing and alternative therapies are very close to my heart. I am a Reiki Practitioner and have skills and knowledge in alternative therapies.
My name is Amandeep Kumar. I am Registered Mental Health Nurse. I am an EMDR Therapist (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing) and completed specialist training in Child & Adolescent EMDR. I have over 20 years experience working within the NHS. I am completely fascinated by how the mind and body create physical symptoms in the body and this is what can make us feel stuck or have an emotional response to the symptoms. Self-healing and alternative therapies are very close to my heart. I am a Reiki Practitioner and have skills and knowledge in alternative therapies.
0113 519 1996 View 0113 519 1996
Photo of Tanya Wardle, MSc
Tanya Wardle
MSc
Verified Verified
Leeds LS1
I offer woman-centred, personalised and sensitive support for women who have or are experiencing infertility, miscarriage, a difficult pregnancy, late term loss, a traumatic birth or traumatic postnatal period. The deep emotional wound from these experiences can lead to a downward spiral that impairs your thinking, ability to feel truly happy and live at peace in the moment. But this is not permanent and I can work with you to recover from anxiety, low mood and depression, trauma symptoms, feeling stuck, overwhelm, emotional outbursts or imbalances and relationship struggles with your yourself, partner, child or family.
I offer woman-centred, personalised and sensitive support for women who have or are experiencing infertility, miscarriage, a difficult pregnancy, late term loss, a traumatic birth or traumatic postnatal period. The deep emotional wound from these experiences can lead to a downward spiral that impairs your thinking, ability to feel truly happy and live at peace in the moment. But this is not permanent and I can work with you to recover from anxiety, low mood and depression, trauma symptoms, feeling stuck, overwhelm, emotional outbursts or imbalances and relationship struggles with your yourself, partner, child or family.
01484 627118 View 01484 627118
Photo of Dagmara Freeman, DCounsPsych, MNCPS Acc., Counsellor
Dagmara Freeman
Counsellor, DCounsPsych, MNCPS Acc.
Verified Verified
Leeds LS10
I am a psychotherapist trained in the integrative approach to therapy. I offer clients a warm, supportive and non-judgmental space. I am passionate about helping clients overcome issues they might have been struggling with for months, or even years. Many of us experience difficulties in our lives and that is when therapy can help. I believe the process of therapy is different for each client. My approach to therapy is that my client and I work closely to agree on the best way forward. I have found my approach to be successful for many clients. As a integrative counsellor I can draw on a range of methods and understandings to try
I am a psychotherapist trained in the integrative approach to therapy. I offer clients a warm, supportive and non-judgmental space. I am passionate about helping clients overcome issues they might have been struggling with for months, or even years. Many of us experience difficulties in our lives and that is when therapy can help. I believe the process of therapy is different for each client. My approach to therapy is that my client and I work closely to agree on the best way forward. I have found my approach to be successful for many clients. As a integrative counsellor I can draw on a range of methods and understandings to try
0151 453 0410 View 0151 453 0410
Photo of Virginia Toole, MBACP, Counsellor
Virginia Toole
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
Leeds LS1  (Online Only)
Do you feel ripped apart and shaken to your core? You don't want to be a burden to friends and can't talk to family, it is all so overwhelming. The deepest pit of despair and hurt, mixed emotions, anguish, anger, confusion, barely coping with intense non-stop life changes. Loss of family, partner or treasured friends, sudden or chronic terminal illness, loss of the person you used to be, ageing, guilty lifestyle, fear of a new job and moving, or the prickling heartache from loss of your pet. You don’t even have the strength to take the next step, to pull yourself through while trying to reach your old self. You need a safe space.
Do you feel ripped apart and shaken to your core? You don't want to be a burden to friends and can't talk to family, it is all so overwhelming. The deepest pit of despair and hurt, mixed emotions, anguish, anger, confusion, barely coping with intense non-stop life changes. Loss of family, partner or treasured friends, sudden or chronic terminal illness, loss of the person you used to be, ageing, guilty lifestyle, fear of a new job and moving, or the prickling heartache from loss of your pet. You don’t even have the strength to take the next step, to pull yourself through while trying to reach your old self. You need a safe space.
01254 781838 View 01254 781838
Photo of Deborah Finn - Therapy Online | Counselling with Deborah Finn, MA, HCPC - Occup. Psych., Psychologist
Therapy Online | Counselling with Deborah Finn
Psychologist, MA, HCPC - Occup. Psych.
Verified Verified
Leeds LS1
Hi, I'm Deborah. I'm a psychologist and therapist and my way of working is to try to get alongside you, to really hear and understand what's happened in your life, so we can throw light on why you feel stuck or troubled. I like working with people who struggle with anxiety, self-criticism, low mood, social difficulties, volatile emotions and anger. Most problems take a long time to develop. Fixing your problems takes time too. You probably want to feel better fast - who wouldn't - and we'll always be focused on change, but first we have to understand your story. It's like making an accurate map so that we can find the best way out.
Hi, I'm Deborah. I'm a psychologist and therapist and my way of working is to try to get alongside you, to really hear and understand what's happened in your life, so we can throw light on why you feel stuck or troubled. I like working with people who struggle with anxiety, self-criticism, low mood, social difficulties, volatile emotions and anger. Most problems take a long time to develop. Fixing your problems takes time too. You probably want to feel better fast - who wouldn't - and we'll always be focused on change, but first we have to understand your story. It's like making an accurate map so that we can find the best way out.
01407 888498 View 01407 888498
Photo of Liz Maskew, MNCPS Acc., Counsellor
Liz Maskew
Counsellor, MNCPS Acc.
Verified Verified
Leeds LS17  (Online Only)
Life can feel exhausting when you or your child, are struggling with difficult emotions, had difficult past experiences, a recent diagnosis or health emergency. I understand what that feels like and the sense of loss, isolation and feeling lost with how to manage and be strong. You or your child might be struggling with low mood, flashbacks, self harm or suicidal thoughts and feelings. When you feel out of control it can be hard to manage family life, intense frustration and difficult behaviours. I can help you with feeling lighter, more connected to others and confident with daily life through conversation and creativity.
Life can feel exhausting when you or your child, are struggling with difficult emotions, had difficult past experiences, a recent diagnosis or health emergency. I understand what that feels like and the sense of loss, isolation and feeling lost with how to manage and be strong. You or your child might be struggling with low mood, flashbacks, self harm or suicidal thoughts and feelings. When you feel out of control it can be hard to manage family life, intense frustration and difficult behaviours. I can help you with feeling lighter, more connected to others and confident with daily life through conversation and creativity.
01937 227408 View 01937 227408

See more therapy options for Leeds

Hypnotherapy Counsellors

How does hypnotherapy work?

Hypnotherapy works by using guided hypnosis to help you reach a state of focus and concentration through mental imagery and soothing verbal repetition. The state is somewhat like being absorbed in a book, a film, or your own thoughts. You are not under a therapist’s “control,” but they can help you relax and turn your attention inward to discover the resources to achieve behaviour change or better manage psychological concerns. Therapy sessions may involve guiding you through recognising a problem, releasing problematic thoughts about it, and considering and accepting more productive alternatives before returning to normal awareness. Hypnotherapy is typically used by a therapist along with traditional forms of talk therapy. Eventually, your therapist can help you learn hypnotherapy techniques yourself, so you can establish a stronger sense of control on your own in stressful or challenging moments.

Is hypnotherapy the same as hypnosis?

Hypnotherapy, which is sometimes called hypnotic suggestion, is a therapeutic technique in which a therapist uses hypnosis to help patients. It is not the kind of hypnosis portrayed in stage shows, or in movies or on television. You will not be unconscious or asleep during hypnotherapy, you will not lose control of yourself, your thoughts, or your free will, and you will be able to fully recall your experience. And while you will hear your therapist’s suggestions, it is always up to you to decide whether to act on them. Hypnosis by a trained mental-health professional is not a form of mind control, which is impossible to achieve anyway.

Can everyone be hypnotised?

The most common challenge of hypnotherapy is that as many as one in four people cannot be hypnotised. Brain imaging has confirmed differences in patterns of brain connectivity between those who respond to hypnotism and those who do not. Other people who could potentially be hypnotised may not respond to the technique because of their scepticism or resistance to entering a hypnotic state. If a therapist’s “post-hypnotic suggestion” is effective, it’s because they are suggesting something you want to achieve.

Does hypnotherapy work?

Through hypnotherapy, you can achieve changes that are real and sustainable. Like other talk therapy techniques, when hypnotherapy succeeds, it’s a case of mind over matter. Effective hypnotherapy involves self-healing because you access resources you need to change inside of yourself and learn how to tap into them whenever you need. Hypnotherapy has been shown to be an effective therapy for anxiety, phobias, stress, panic attacks, post-traumatic stress disorder, sexual dysfunction, and undesirable behaviours like smoking. It can be used to help improve sleep or to address relationship challenges, and to aid with pain management, digestive disorders, skin conditions, and the gastrointestinal side effects of pregnancy or chemotherapy.