Counselling in Kempston
![Photo of Susannah Bradley - SPRING therapeutic services, MA, PTUK Accred, Psychotherapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/bf692a2f-4851-4992-afde-efd2e3575f15/3/320x400.jpeg)
I am a creative arts therapist, passionate about providing therapeutic services to those who need them. I have worked therapeutically for over 15 years. As well as being an Accredited Play Therapist I am a trained creative arts therapist, a clay therapist and in the process of qualifying as a Sand Play therapist. I love the creative arts, they work directly with the unconscious bypassing the cognitive part of our brain that can put blocks in the way of therapy. I have a client centered approach to working.
I am a creative arts therapist, passionate about providing therapeutic services to those who need them. I have worked therapeutically for over 15 years. As well as being an Accredited Play Therapist I am a trained creative arts therapist, a clay therapist and in the process of qualifying as a Sand Play therapist. I love the creative arts, they work directly with the unconscious bypassing the cognitive part of our brain that can put blocks in the way of therapy. I have a client centered approach to working.
![Photo of Tammy Wachter, MSc, HCPC - Clin. Psych., Psychologist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/27d7d764-7a8d-41c3-8819-8449df0756e9/2/320x400.jpeg)
I provide psychological assessments and therapy for adults experiencing emotional difficulties such as: Anxiety disorders (obsessive compulsive disorder, generalised anxiety, panic, social anxiety, health anxiety) , Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (for single or multiple traumas) , Childhood trauma , Mood difficulties (e.g. depression, mood instability) Relationship difficulties, Personality disorders, Self-harming behaviours, Eating disorders , Low self-esteem , Chronic Pain and fatigue
I provide psychological assessments and therapy for adults experiencing emotional difficulties such as: Anxiety disorders (obsessive compulsive disorder, generalised anxiety, panic, social anxiety, health anxiety) , Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (for single or multiple traumas) , Childhood trauma , Mood difficulties (e.g. depression, mood instability) Relationship difficulties, Personality disorders, Self-harming behaviours, Eating disorders , Low self-esteem , Chronic Pain and fatigue
![Photo of Diane Margaret Barton-Bates, PNCPS Acc., Counsellor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/7958c9e1-d324-4d50-a0cf-23e7e3e1e2be/2/320x400.jpeg)
You have made the first step by recognising that you need some help and for seeking this help now and that is a really positive decision, one that I know would have not been an easy one to make. Counselling is an effective tool to hep support with many difficult issues in your life and can help give a different point of view and think about things in a different way. Talking about your issues is good for your health and wellbeing.
You have made the first step by recognising that you need some help and for seeking this help now and that is a really positive decision, one that I know would have not been an easy one to make. Counselling is an effective tool to hep support with many difficult issues in your life and can help give a different point of view and think about things in a different way. Talking about your issues is good for your health and wellbeing.
![Photo of Jo Moloney - Bedford Community Counselling, MBACP Accred, Psychotherapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/1d2e3cf7-6203-4652-93cf-6cf8a5560c78/2/320x400.jpeg)
At Bedford Community Counselling, we offer low cost counselling, clinical supervision to professionals & placements to student counsellors. Run by senior Psychotherapists & Directors, Katja Fischer & Jo Moloney, BCC is a not for profit organisation. Since first opening in 2012 we have developed a reputation for excellence. We provide a fast response to enquiries & have a team of therapists which means we can usually offer session times quickly. We are an experienced general practice, able to work with individuals, couples & groups on a wide variety of issues, and also offer specialist trauma and DIT relational therapies.
At Bedford Community Counselling, we offer low cost counselling, clinical supervision to professionals & placements to student counsellors. Run by senior Psychotherapists & Directors, Katja Fischer & Jo Moloney, BCC is a not for profit organisation. Since first opening in 2012 we have developed a reputation for excellence. We provide a fast response to enquiries & have a team of therapists which means we can usually offer session times quickly. We are an experienced general practice, able to work with individuals, couples & groups on a wide variety of issues, and also offer specialist trauma and DIT relational therapies.
![Photo of Lynne Parsons, MA, MBACP, Psychotherapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/523a4fd9-46cd-11ea-a6ad-06142c356176/2/320x400.jpeg)
Lynne Parsons
Psychotherapist, MA, MBACP
Verified Verified
Kempston MK42 (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
My goal is to bring transformation and restore your sense of well-being. I'll help you understand what’s hindering you and how to create the life you want to live. This can include reducing anxiety, moving on from past trauma, over-coming depression and moving through grief.
My goal is to bring transformation and restore your sense of well-being. I'll help you understand what’s hindering you and how to create the life you want to live. This can include reducing anxiety, moving on from past trauma, over-coming depression and moving through grief.
![Photo of Rachel Cathan - Rachel Cathan Counselling, MBACP Accred, Psychotherapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/4f9d3e1c-46cd-11ea-a6ad-06142c356176/1/320x400.jpeg)
I specialise in working with adults and young people experiencing anxiety (including general, social and health anxiety), as well as people facing the challenges of bereavement, infertility, relationship breakdown and other forms of life crisis.
I specialise in working with adults and young people experiencing anxiety (including general, social and health anxiety), as well as people facing the challenges of bereavement, infertility, relationship breakdown and other forms of life crisis.
More Therapists Nearby
![Photo of Joseph Alexis, MBABCP, Psychotherapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/b2f5ffd8-4ba5-4ab3-99e3-ba4e865853dc/2/320x400.jpeg)
My therapy approach has been particularly effective with clients with low-self esteem, depression, worry, OCD, trauma experiences and social anxiety. Irrespective of the presenting problem, I have found that actively listening to an individual is fundamental to any successful treatment.
My therapy approach has been particularly effective with clients with low-self esteem, depression, worry, OCD, trauma experiences and social anxiety. Irrespective of the presenting problem, I have found that actively listening to an individual is fundamental to any successful treatment.
![Photo of Roshmi Shraboni Lovatt - BodhiSpace Ltd, MA, Psychotherapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/54d05d65-46cd-11ea-a6ad-06142c356176/2/320x400.jpeg)
Welcome to BodhiSpace. When modern life takes its toll on our emotional and mental health, you or someone you care about may experience symptoms of anxiety, depression, stress, trauma or other distress. These may be new symptoms which have suddenly emerged or they may be familiar symptoms originating in past experiences. Our services cater for adults, children, young people and families, and our therapists offer a range of different techniques to suit individual needs. If reaching out feels difficult and costly, our free initial phone consultation will allow you to explore what you need at your own pace and make an informed choice.
Welcome to BodhiSpace. When modern life takes its toll on our emotional and mental health, you or someone you care about may experience symptoms of anxiety, depression, stress, trauma or other distress. These may be new symptoms which have suddenly emerged or they may be familiar symptoms originating in past experiences. Our services cater for adults, children, young people and families, and our therapists offer a range of different techniques to suit individual needs. If reaching out feels difficult and costly, our free initial phone consultation will allow you to explore what you need at your own pace and make an informed choice.
![Photo of Nick Pandya, MBACP, Psychotherapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/48e991ab-46cd-11ea-a6ad-06142c356176/2/320x400.jpeg)
I believe that we all have an innate tendency towards health and wholeness. Every so often, life events and situations can get in the way of accessing our inner resources to achieve growth and healing. Psychotherapy can be a valuable tool to firmly place you back on the path to living a full life. When we are faced with major or recurring life stressors we can be overwhelmed and seeking additional support, such as therapy, is a natural and positive step in taking care of yourself.
I believe that we all have an innate tendency towards health and wholeness. Every so often, life events and situations can get in the way of accessing our inner resources to achieve growth and healing. Psychotherapy can be a valuable tool to firmly place you back on the path to living a full life. When we are faced with major or recurring life stressors we can be overwhelmed and seeking additional support, such as therapy, is a natural and positive step in taking care of yourself.
![Photo of Lisa Ruxton, MA, MUKCP, Psychotherapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/e3984f7c-5c8e-431a-823a-c23100c1f813/4/320x400.jpeg)
I am an experienced Psychotherapist offering talking therapy to those seeking help in life. It may be difficulties in your relationship(s), work life, studies or a loss of meaning or connection that have brought you here. You might be stuck in ways of behaving, thinking and reacting that causes suffering and unsure how possible it is to be free from this. I draw on understandings of how the past can impact the present to help people develop more self awareness which often leads to more freedom and enjoyment in life and relationships. I provide an empathic, supportive relationship where you can explore this possibility.
I am an experienced Psychotherapist offering talking therapy to those seeking help in life. It may be difficulties in your relationship(s), work life, studies or a loss of meaning or connection that have brought you here. You might be stuck in ways of behaving, thinking and reacting that causes suffering and unsure how possible it is to be free from this. I draw on understandings of how the past can impact the present to help people develop more self awareness which often leads to more freedom and enjoyment in life and relationships. I provide an empathic, supportive relationship where you can explore this possibility.
![Photo of Sarah Perkins, MSc, MBABCP, Psychotherapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/d644a8e0-f740-48bd-a468-3ef2a3cc3f34/1/320x400.jpeg)
I am a CBT therapist with 25 years experience working in NHS and community settings supporting people who are struggling with emotional distress. My approach is person centred, collaborative and empathic. I specialize in treating depression and anxiety disorders such as worry, social anxiety and health anxiety. I am also qualified in narrative exposure therapy for treating trauma from multiple life events. CBT is an active and practical form of therapy, the focus is on learning strategies for managing distress and putting these into practice in your day to day life. I offer a safe and non judgemental space to talk and heal.
I am a CBT therapist with 25 years experience working in NHS and community settings supporting people who are struggling with emotional distress. My approach is person centred, collaborative and empathic. I specialize in treating depression and anxiety disorders such as worry, social anxiety and health anxiety. I am also qualified in narrative exposure therapy for treating trauma from multiple life events. CBT is an active and practical form of therapy, the focus is on learning strategies for managing distress and putting these into practice in your day to day life. I offer a safe and non judgemental space to talk and heal.
![Photo of Abigail Drury, MBACP, Counsellor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/c9b2fb8b-e2ea-42a6-b493-a5ee40223de2/1/320x400.jpeg)
Hello , I'm Abbie . I offer therapeutic counselling sessions both in-person and online. Life can throw some difficult and challenging experiences our way , leaving us feeling overwhelmed at times and doing our best to find ways of coping. These experiences can range from significant events in life to more day to day stresses . Are you struggling with anxiety or depression? trying to cope with loss or past trauma in your life? Perhaps you are trying to navigate complicated relationships or it might be that for no known reason you are just not feeling yourself and want to seek a better understanding -helping you to move forward.
Hello , I'm Abbie . I offer therapeutic counselling sessions both in-person and online. Life can throw some difficult and challenging experiences our way , leaving us feeling overwhelmed at times and doing our best to find ways of coping. These experiences can range from significant events in life to more day to day stresses . Are you struggling with anxiety or depression? trying to cope with loss or past trauma in your life? Perhaps you are trying to navigate complicated relationships or it might be that for no known reason you are just not feeling yourself and want to seek a better understanding -helping you to move forward.
![Photo of Anne-Marie Cooper-Kilroy - Connect Counselling, MBACP, Counsellor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/9f4edd8c-c0af-4e2b-84aa-5009147d4fee/2/320x400.jpeg)
Hello, have you been wondering what it might be like to talk to a counsellor? To be really listened to? How might I help you? Everybody has problems, but for some working through them is more challenging than for others; perhaps because of an early childhood experience, trauma, a relationship problem, or a feeling of sadness that might feel too hard or frightening to unpack alone. I can help. It’s ok not to be ok, but you don’t have to be alone with your struggle. Counselling will help you make meaning of how and why you are feeling the way you do and enable you to move forward with resilience and confidence, please get in touch.
Hello, have you been wondering what it might be like to talk to a counsellor? To be really listened to? How might I help you? Everybody has problems, but for some working through them is more challenging than for others; perhaps because of an early childhood experience, trauma, a relationship problem, or a feeling of sadness that might feel too hard or frightening to unpack alone. I can help. It’s ok not to be ok, but you don’t have to be alone with your struggle. Counselling will help you make meaning of how and why you are feeling the way you do and enable you to move forward with resilience and confidence, please get in touch.
![Photo of Dr Antonia Harrison, PsychD, CPsychol, Psychologist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/5064ae3f-46cd-11ea-a6ad-06142c356176/2/320x400.jpeg)
If you have made the decision to seek support from a psychologist, you have now taken the first step towards an improvement in your emotional and mental well-being. I provide psychological assessments and therapy, working with adults, children or families. If you do not have a clinical diagnosis, or are unsure of your needs, I can provide an assessment, and work with you to determine your goals and develop a treatment plan. If you are seeking a formal Autism /Asperger's diagnosis assessment, this is one of my specialist services. I provide therapies and diagnostic services privately, in Bedfordshire.
If you have made the decision to seek support from a psychologist, you have now taken the first step towards an improvement in your emotional and mental well-being. I provide psychological assessments and therapy, working with adults, children or families. If you do not have a clinical diagnosis, or are unsure of your needs, I can provide an assessment, and work with you to determine your goals and develop a treatment plan. If you are seeking a formal Autism /Asperger's diagnosis assessment, this is one of my specialist services. I provide therapies and diagnostic services privately, in Bedfordshire.
![Photo of Sally Hartley, PhD, MBACP, Counsellor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/aae08fba-1ca6-4183-aae1-56a92fefe7e2/3/320x400.jpeg)
A warm welcome from me. It can feel a daunting task to start therapy – finding the right person and making contact and meeting for the first time. It is a brave step, and it is the first step to finding a space where you can talk and feel listened to and not feel judged. I work with a people from all walks of life, who are facing a variety of issues.
A warm welcome from me. It can feel a daunting task to start therapy – finding the right person and making contact and meeting for the first time. It is a brave step, and it is the first step to finding a space where you can talk and feel listened to and not feel judged. I work with a people from all walks of life, who are facing a variety of issues.
![Photo of Bonnie Smith, MBACP Accred, Psychotherapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/56b8e1fc-e23d-47c2-9b38-2d2c1d5c8fd1/2/320x400.jpeg)
Do you struggle with anxiety, low confidence, or a challenging relationship that affects your ability to function and your sense of happiness? Do you feel exhausted, sad, or frustrated by daily life, or the pressure to live up to someone else's standards? Are you hoping that your well-being, relationships, or current difficulties could improve?
Do you struggle with anxiety, low confidence, or a challenging relationship that affects your ability to function and your sense of happiness? Do you feel exhausted, sad, or frustrated by daily life, or the pressure to live up to someone else's standards? Are you hoping that your well-being, relationships, or current difficulties could improve?
![Photo of Marion Major, MA, BACP, Psychotherapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/4c774cd8-46cd-11ea-a6ad-06142c356176/3/320x400.jpeg)
Everyday life throws up challenges which can effect our emotional, physical, psychological and spiritual state. Therapy provides a safe environment to talk about anything you want to. Exploring issues such as relationship difficulties, physical and mental health concerns, loss, self-confidence and self-esteem can make a real difference. When words are not enough... the creative arts are used alongside talking therapy to give a different perspective and help make sense of your experience. Focusing on understanding your feelings, supporting a healthier, stronger self, and helping to gain a sense of meaning in your life.
Everyday life throws up challenges which can effect our emotional, physical, psychological and spiritual state. Therapy provides a safe environment to talk about anything you want to. Exploring issues such as relationship difficulties, physical and mental health concerns, loss, self-confidence and self-esteem can make a real difference. When words are not enough... the creative arts are used alongside talking therapy to give a different perspective and help make sense of your experience. Focusing on understanding your feelings, supporting a healthier, stronger self, and helping to gain a sense of meaning in your life.
![Photo of Vicki Iliffe, DCounsPsych, MBACP, Counsellor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/01d33207-4a27-4d56-9eee-a8bec7e5c03b/2/320x400.jpeg)
Hello, I’m Vicki, welcome to my profile. There may be many reasons why you are visiting my profile today, life might feel difficult or overwhelming right now. You might be looking for support through a painful time. Whether you are looking to find some peace, or to explore past or present events that are impacting your life; I will offer a warm, safe space for you to freely explore your thoughts, feelings and experiences. My aim is to help you to feel understood, accepted, and comfortable to be completely 'you'.
Hello, I’m Vicki, welcome to my profile. There may be many reasons why you are visiting my profile today, life might feel difficult or overwhelming right now. You might be looking for support through a painful time. Whether you are looking to find some peace, or to explore past or present events that are impacting your life; I will offer a warm, safe space for you to freely explore your thoughts, feelings and experiences. My aim is to help you to feel understood, accepted, and comfortable to be completely 'you'.
![Photo of Carly Brown, DCounsPsych, BACP, Counsellor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/f447f547-1674-4ba2-a0e7-6e295b4f1622/1/320x400.jpeg)
There are many reasons why you might reach out for counselling such as a challenging life event, transitional periods, seeking self -discovery or wanting to manage anxiety. Finding the right counsellor to share difficult thoughts and feelings with can be incredibly daunting. Studies show that the most important factor in the success of your treatment is your relationship with your therapist and the experience of feeling felt and heard. I provide a safe and compassionate environment that helps guide you towards your goals.
There are many reasons why you might reach out for counselling such as a challenging life event, transitional periods, seeking self -discovery or wanting to manage anxiety. Finding the right counsellor to share difficult thoughts and feelings with can be incredibly daunting. Studies show that the most important factor in the success of your treatment is your relationship with your therapist and the experience of feeling felt and heard. I provide a safe and compassionate environment that helps guide you towards your goals.
![Photo of Rebecca Savill - Therapy Talks, MBACP, Psychotherapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/e2b2b950-a69c-4509-a764-6afdfe3de758/1/320x400.jpeg)
Hello, I'm Beccy, a qualified trauma focused psychotherapist and clinical supervisor. Are you feeling worried, stressed or struggling with how to cope with a particular feeling or circumstance? Counselling and psychotherapy, supports you to explore your feelings within a safe environment, to build up healthy coping techniques, to discover ways to prioritise your self-care and to help to support your decision making and autonomy. As a therapist, I hold both professional and personal experience how life changing receiving therapeutic support can feel with moving forwards and in developing a more positive outlook in life.
Hello, I'm Beccy, a qualified trauma focused psychotherapist and clinical supervisor. Are you feeling worried, stressed or struggling with how to cope with a particular feeling or circumstance? Counselling and psychotherapy, supports you to explore your feelings within a safe environment, to build up healthy coping techniques, to discover ways to prioritise your self-care and to help to support your decision making and autonomy. As a therapist, I hold both professional and personal experience how life changing receiving therapeutic support can feel with moving forwards and in developing a more positive outlook in life.
See more therapy options for Kempston
Nearby Searches for Kempston
See More CounsellorsHow does your Counsellor compare?
Number of Counsellors in Kempston
< 10
Counsellors in Kempston who prioritize treating:
100% | Relationship Issues |
100% | Anxiety |
100% | Coping Skills |
100% | Self Esteem |
100% | Self-Harming |
83% | Bereavement |
83% | Anger Management |
Average years in practice
15 Years
Top 3 insurances accepted
50% | Cigna and Evernorth |
50% | Other |
50% | Any/Out-of-network Insurance |
How Counsellors in Kempston see their clients
84% | In Person and Online | |
16% | Online Only |
Gender breakdown
100% | Female |
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling
How can I find a therapist in Kempston?
Search for nearby therapists or counsellors by inputting your city, postcode, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postcode into the search bar.
Learn more about how to find a therapist
Learn more about how to find a therapist
Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?
Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are members of the main professional associations, mainly the British Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy (BACP) and the UK Council for Psychotherapy (UKCP). Most Psychologists in the directory are accredited members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and/or are registered in the Health and Care Professions Council (HPCP).
Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given that professional memberships are not a statutory requirement for psychotherapists and counsellors in the UK, certain qualified professionals or organisations may choose not to maintain such memberships despite possessing the necessary qualifications. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.
Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given that professional memberships are not a statutory requirement for psychotherapists and counsellors in the UK, certain qualified professionals or organisations may choose not to maintain such memberships despite possessing the necessary qualifications. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.
What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?
Counsellors, psychotherapists and psychologists can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and experience that enable them to do so in the UK. Psychologists have earned a degree in psychology and many are members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and have completed a postgraduate qualification in a specialism. Counsellors and Psychotherapists are not required to have a psychology degree, but to belong to a professional organisation such as the BACP or UKCP, they are required to have completed a training course as well as clinical and supervision hours.
What type of therapy is right for me?
The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.
How much does therapy cost?
The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the UK could be between £30 - £60 when seeing a counsellor and £60 - £150 and up when seeing a clinical psychologist. If you have private insurance, your plan may cover some if not all of your sessions. You should contact your insurance provider to determine if they provide coverage for therapy sessions and to determine what, if any, requirements they might have in order for your sessions to be covered, such as a referral from your GP or medical specialist.
What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?
Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.
If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. The NHS Talking therapies programme offers free of charge counselling for common mental health problems like anxiety and depression. The service is available to anyone registered with a GP, though you do not necessarily need to be referred by your GP and can refer yourself directly to a Talking therapies service. The service will provide different solutions, including group and individual therapy, for a limited number of sessions which are generally up to six.
If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. The NHS Talking therapies programme offers free of charge counselling for common mental health problems like anxiety and depression. The service is available to anyone registered with a GP, though you do not necessarily need to be referred by your GP and can refer yourself directly to a Talking therapies service. The service will provide different solutions, including group and individual therapy, for a limited number of sessions which are generally up to six.
Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?
Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.
Is online therapy a good option?
Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postcode.
Are therapy sessions confidential?
Therapists who are part of a professional organisation such as the BACP, the UKCP, or BPS are bound by an ethical framework that requires them to uphold a confidentiality agreement. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there has been participation in a criminal act or act of terror, or if there is potential or known harm to the client or others, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.