Cognitive Behavioural (CBT) Counselling in Hungerford

Photo of Sherrie Louise Persaud - Clarity Counselling Services, MBACP, Counsellor
Clarity Counselling Services
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
Hungerford RG17
I specialise in Relationship Therapy, Psychosexual Therapy and Cognitive Behavioural Therapy.
I strive to provide a positive experience for my all of my clients, whether you are struggling with relationship difficulties or anxiety and depression. The services I provide are unique to each client. It is important that the people and I work with feel respected, understood and validated. I pride myself on providing a safe and calm environment, where we can work together towards a happier more productive future, always at a pace that is comfortable for you.
I specialise in Relationship Therapy, Psychosexual Therapy and Cognitive Behavioural Therapy.
I strive to provide a positive experience for my all of my clients, whether you are struggling with relationship difficulties or anxiety and depression. The services I provide are unique to each client. It is important that the people and I work with feel respected, understood and validated. I pride myself on providing a safe and calm environment, where we can work together towards a happier more productive future, always at a pace that is comfortable for you.
01488 505959 View 01488 505959
Photo of Sheelagh E Brown, MSc, CPsychol, Psychologist
Sheelagh E Brown
Psychologist, MSc, CPsychol
Verified Verified
Hungerford RG17
And a CBT therapist.
Psychologist & CBT Therapist. Psychological insights for successful people wanting to understand themselves in greater depth. I will help you understand and embrace your uniqueness. I also specialise in helping people understand themselves in context of psychological trauma (whether it was bullying, neglect, historical relationship difficulties, or abuse). Proactive, empathetic and warm - if you are questioning what may be holding you back, in work or life, I'd love to work with you.
And a CBT therapist.
Psychologist & CBT Therapist. Psychological insights for successful people wanting to understand themselves in greater depth. I will help you understand and embrace your uniqueness. I also specialise in helping people understand themselves in context of psychological trauma (whether it was bullying, neglect, historical relationship difficulties, or abuse). Proactive, empathetic and warm - if you are questioning what may be holding you back, in work or life, I'd love to work with you.
01635 016076 View 01635 016076
Photo of Philippa Casement, MBACP, Counsellor
Philippa Casement
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
Hungerford RG17  (Online Only)
CBT, creative counselling, play therapy, person-centred.
I am a BACP registered therapist working with people to make practical positive steps to making changes to improve their lives. You will be heard in a non-judgmental, confidential caring way.
CBT, creative counselling, play therapy, person-centred.
I am a BACP registered therapist working with people to make practical positive steps to making changes to improve their lives. You will be heard in a non-judgmental, confidential caring way.
01672 550788 View 01672 550788
Photo of Dr Emma Hartley, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych., Psychologist
Dr Emma Hartley
Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Verified Verified
Hungerford RG17
I hold therapy accreditations with the BABCP (British Association of Cognitive and Behavioural Psychotherapy) and EMDR Association.
I specialise in EMDR and Trauma Focused Interventions. I have specific expertise in working with people with trauma related mental health conditions such as PTSD, childhood trauma, domestic violence, dissociative difficulties and psychosis. I offer an integrative approach to therapy drawing heavily on attachment and trauma- informed ways of understanding how difficulties in the here and now often have their origins in earlier life experiences. I believe that effective therapy should be empowering, focused and meaningful and built upon the foundation of a strong therapeutic relationship.
I hold therapy accreditations with the BABCP (British Association of Cognitive and Behavioural Psychotherapy) and EMDR Association.
I specialise in EMDR and Trauma Focused Interventions. I have specific expertise in working with people with trauma related mental health conditions such as PTSD, childhood trauma, domestic violence, dissociative difficulties and psychosis. I offer an integrative approach to therapy drawing heavily on attachment and trauma- informed ways of understanding how difficulties in the here and now often have their origins in earlier life experiences. I believe that effective therapy should be empowering, focused and meaningful and built upon the foundation of a strong therapeutic relationship.
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Photo of Amy Sim, MBACP, Counsellor
Amy Sim
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
Hungerford RG17
Having previously worked as a midwife in the NHS I am passionate about supporting women and their families through life's transitions. This includes the process of becoming parents, children leaving home and menopause.
Having previously worked as a midwife in the NHS I am passionate about supporting women and their families through life's transitions. This includes the process of becoming parents, children leaving home and menopause.
01635 959475 View 01635 959475
Photo of Dr Helen Crispus Jones - Dr Helen Crispus Jones, Clinical Psychologist , HCPC - Clin. Psych., Psychologist
Dr Helen Crispus Jones, Clinical Psychologist
Psychologist, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Verified Verified
Hungerford RG20
My name is Helen Crispus Jones. I am a qualified and highly experienced Clinical Psychologist, having attained my Doctorate in Clinical Psychology in 2013 from Oxford University. I have particular expertise in working with young people aged 12-18 and their families.
My name is Helen Crispus Jones. I am a qualified and highly experienced Clinical Psychologist, having attained my Doctorate in Clinical Psychology in 2013 from Oxford University. I have particular expertise in working with young people aged 12-18 and their families.
01635 018071 View 01635 018071
Photo of Gilly Beer, DCounsPsych, MBACP Accred, Counsellor
Gilly Beer
Counsellor, DCounsPsych, MBACP Accred
Verified Verified
Hungerford RG17
I understand that taking the first step to seek help is not always easy. You may be struggling with anxiety, family issues or be experiencing sad or depressed feelings and thoughts. I am here to offer confidential, non-judgemental counselling where you can be heard and understood. Talking about, and exploring your emotions and feelings will help you come to your own conclusions and empower you to take your next steps in life. I offer therapeutic play when working with children.
I understand that taking the first step to seek help is not always easy. You may be struggling with anxiety, family issues or be experiencing sad or depressed feelings and thoughts. I am here to offer confidential, non-judgemental counselling where you can be heard and understood. Talking about, and exploring your emotions and feelings will help you come to your own conclusions and empower you to take your next steps in life. I offer therapeutic play when working with children.
01672 559059 View 01672 559059
Photo of Mhairi Stewart, MBABCP, Psychotherapist
Mhairi Stewart
Psychotherapist, MBABCP
Verified Verified
Hungerford RG17
Not accepting new clients
Are you struggling with anxiety, depression, trauma, bad sleep or poor self-esteem? Perhaps you're just not happy, but not sure why. I am an accredited psychological therapist, trained in a range of evidence-based therapies, including Cognitive Behaviour Therapy ( CBT), Compassion-Focused Therapy (CFT) and Eye Movement Desensitisation and Reprocessing (EMDR). I love working collaboratively: figuring things out together, so you can see things differently and learn the tools or skills you need for lasting positive change.
Are you struggling with anxiety, depression, trauma, bad sleep or poor self-esteem? Perhaps you're just not happy, but not sure why. I am an accredited psychological therapist, trained in a range of evidence-based therapies, including Cognitive Behaviour Therapy ( CBT), Compassion-Focused Therapy (CFT) and Eye Movement Desensitisation and Reprocessing (EMDR). I love working collaboratively: figuring things out together, so you can see things differently and learn the tools or skills you need for lasting positive change.
01488 508348 View 01488 508348

More Therapists Nearby

Photo of Zoe Kindynis - The Specialist OCD Clinic, HCPC - Clin. Psych., Psychologist
The Specialist OCD Clinic
Psychologist, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Verified Verified
Newbury RG20
We work collaboratively with you to deliver the evidence-based treatment for OCD ( CBT with ERP) with support and empathy.
We are a team of friendly and professional Clinical Psychologists, committed to offering the highest quality, evidence-based treatment for OCD. Having all worked within the NHS at the National and Specialist OCD, BDD and Related Disorders Clinic, we are experienced working across the full range of OCD severity and presentations. We work with individuals of any age who are suffering with symptoms of OCD. Whether you're struggling with pOCD, sexual/aggressive obsessions, avoidance, mental rituals, checking, scrutinizing, or any other symptoms, we appreciate the significant and debilitating impact OCD can have on your life.
We work collaboratively with you to deliver the evidence-based treatment for OCD ( CBT with ERP) with support and empathy.
We are a team of friendly and professional Clinical Psychologists, committed to offering the highest quality, evidence-based treatment for OCD. Having all worked within the NHS at the National and Specialist OCD, BDD and Related Disorders Clinic, we are experienced working across the full range of OCD severity and presentations. We work with individuals of any age who are suffering with symptoms of OCD. Whether you're struggling with pOCD, sexual/aggressive obsessions, avoidance, mental rituals, checking, scrutinizing, or any other symptoms, we appreciate the significant and debilitating impact OCD can have on your life.
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Photo of Mette Whittaker, CPsychol, Psychologist
Mette Whittaker
Psychologist, CPsychol
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Thatcham RG18
I am a chartered and registered Psychologist with over 20 years experience in providing evidence-based therapeutic services, including CBT and EMDR, to adolescents and adults experiencing life problems and psychological difficulties, such as anxiety, depression, trauma-related symptoms, low self-esteem, anger, sexualised and sexually harmful behaviours and other emotional and behavioural difficulties. I believe that everyone has the ability to take charge of their own recovery, and therefore I work collaboratively with each client to give them the tools needed to lead healthier and happier lives.
I am a chartered and registered Psychologist with over 20 years experience in providing evidence-based therapeutic services, including CBT and EMDR, to adolescents and adults experiencing life problems and psychological difficulties, such as anxiety, depression, trauma-related symptoms, low self-esteem, anger, sexualised and sexually harmful behaviours and other emotional and behavioural difficulties. I believe that everyone has the ability to take charge of their own recovery, and therefore I work collaboratively with each client to give them the tools needed to lead healthier and happier lives.
07736 421211 View 07736 421211
Photo of Susan Braovac, MBACP, Counsellor
Susan Braovac
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
Thatcham RG19
I work Integratively, meaning I have been trained in a number of different modalities and theories, including Person-Centred, Psychodynamic, Transactional Analysis & CBT.
Life can be challenging. We all experience periods of struggle in our lives, where our normal coping mechanisms aren't working; where we feel lost, stuck, overwhelmed or in despair, or where our thoughts, feelings and behaviours are negatively impacting our daily life. Acknowledging we need help can feel daunting, however talking to someone outside your day to day life can really help. I have experience working with Adults & Young People struggling with issues including anxiety, depression, anger, relationships, grief, self-esteem, identity & Trauma.
I work Integratively, meaning I have been trained in a number of different modalities and theories, including Person-Centred, Psychodynamic, Transactional Analysis & CBT.
Life can be challenging. We all experience periods of struggle in our lives, where our normal coping mechanisms aren't working; where we feel lost, stuck, overwhelmed or in despair, or where our thoughts, feelings and behaviours are negatively impacting our daily life. Acknowledging we need help can feel daunting, however talking to someone outside your day to day life can really help. I have experience working with Adults & Young People struggling with issues including anxiety, depression, anger, relationships, grief, self-esteem, identity & Trauma.
023 9431 1482 View 023 9431 1482
Photo of Ellie Ewbank - Ms Ellie Ewbank (Ewbank Psychotherapy), MSc, MBABCP, Psychotherapist
Ms Ellie Ewbank (Ewbank Psychotherapy)
Psychotherapist, MSc, MBABCP
Verified Verified
Thatcham RG18
We take an integrative approach and enjoy complimenting CBT with Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), Compassion-Focussed Therapy (CFT), and Dialectical Behavioural Therapy Skills (DBT) to suit your clinical needs and aims.
At Ewbank Psychotherapy, we offer evidence-based psychotherapy for a range of mental health difficulties, including Depression, Anxiety disorders (such as panic, OCD, generalised anxiety, and more), self-harm, low self-esteem, and long-term health conditions. We work with children age 11+ and adults, either face-to-face or remotely.
We take an integrative approach and enjoy complimenting CBT with Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), Compassion-Focussed Therapy (CFT), and Dialectical Behavioural Therapy Skills (DBT) to suit your clinical needs and aims.
At Ewbank Psychotherapy, we offer evidence-based psychotherapy for a range of mental health difficulties, including Depression, Anxiety disorders (such as panic, OCD, generalised anxiety, and more), self-harm, low self-esteem, and long-term health conditions. We work with children age 11+ and adults, either face-to-face or remotely.
0118 230 2061 View 0118 230 2061
Photo of Dr Karen Halford, PsychD, AFBPSsS, Psychologist
Dr Karen Halford
Psychologist, PsychD, AFBPSsS
Verified Verified
Newbury RG14
As a Clinical Psychologist I have been trained in many different approaches (eg CBT, ACT, schema therapy etc).
Hello! I'm Karen. I'm a Chartered Clinical Psychologist and an Associate Fellow of the British Psychological Society. I hold a Doctorate in Clinical Psychology from the University of Oxford. I have many years of experience in both the NHS and private practice. I work with people who are struggling with a variety of complex psychological difficulties such as depression, eating disorders (bulimia, binge eating and others), anxiety (including panic, phobias, social anxiety, health anxiety), obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), trauma/PTSD, BDD, low self-esteem and many others. I also offer assessment and diagnosis of ADHD.
As a Clinical Psychologist I have been trained in many different approaches (eg CBT, ACT, schema therapy etc).
Hello! I'm Karen. I'm a Chartered Clinical Psychologist and an Associate Fellow of the British Psychological Society. I hold a Doctorate in Clinical Psychology from the University of Oxford. I have many years of experience in both the NHS and private practice. I work with people who are struggling with a variety of complex psychological difficulties such as depression, eating disorders (bulimia, binge eating and others), anxiety (including panic, phobias, social anxiety, health anxiety), obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), trauma/PTSD, BDD, low self-esteem and many others. I also offer assessment and diagnosis of ADHD.
01635 887982 View 01635 887982
Photo of Emmanuel Ampofo, MSc, MBABCP, Psychotherapist
Emmanuel Ampofo
Psychotherapist, MSc, MBABCP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Newbury RG14
I offer specialist Cognitive Behavioural therapy that is suited to your individual needs to deal with different types of Anxiety and Depressive disorders including PTSD, OCD, Social Anxiety, Generalised Anxiety Disorder, Low self-esteem, eating disorders, and internet porn addiction.
I am an Accredited Cognitive Behavioural Psychotherapist with the BABCP with 10 years experience of using CBT to treat various psychological disorders. Do you struggle with intrusive thoughts of horrific nature that makes you feel like a bad person? Or do you engage in excessive checks or intense fear of contamination hence the need to engage in certain rituals to feel safe and to keep others safe? If you struggle with any of the above as well as constantly re-living past trauma events and struggle with depression leading to isolation, then get in touch!
I offer specialist Cognitive Behavioural therapy that is suited to your individual needs to deal with different types of Anxiety and Depressive disorders including PTSD, OCD, Social Anxiety, Generalised Anxiety Disorder, Low self-esteem, eating disorders, and internet porn addiction.
I am an Accredited Cognitive Behavioural Psychotherapist with the BABCP with 10 years experience of using CBT to treat various psychological disorders. Do you struggle with intrusive thoughts of horrific nature that makes you feel like a bad person? Or do you engage in excessive checks or intense fear of contamination hence the need to engage in certain rituals to feel safe and to keep others safe? If you struggle with any of the above as well as constantly re-living past trauma events and struggle with depression leading to isolation, then get in touch!
01256 595299 View 01256 595299
Photo of Sara Whammond Well Mind People Ltd, MBABCP, Psychotherapist
Sara Whammond Well Mind People Ltd
Psychotherapist, MBABCP
Verified Verified
Reading RG7
I trained at Oxford University in Cognitive Behavioural Therapist and I am also a retired Registered Mental health Nurse (RMN).
CBT, EMDR, DBT, Schema Therapy Are you struggling with your mental health? Are you feeling low in mood or anxious perhaps? You might be struggling with panic attacks or obsessional thoughts. Did you have a difficult childhood and you recognise that may have an impact on you now? Are you worrying and this is impacting your life? Are you very anxious about your health? Have you experienced traumas? These are a few of the concerns that people come to have help with. We will work together to help you achieve your goals in a kind caring and efficient manner. I have 38 years of experience, helping people with their mental health.
I trained at Oxford University in Cognitive Behavioural Therapist and I am also a retired Registered Mental health Nurse (RMN).
CBT, EMDR, DBT, Schema Therapy Are you struggling with your mental health? Are you feeling low in mood or anxious perhaps? You might be struggling with panic attacks or obsessional thoughts. Did you have a difficult childhood and you recognise that may have an impact on you now? Are you worrying and this is impacting your life? Are you very anxious about your health? Have you experienced traumas? These are a few of the concerns that people come to have help with. We will work together to help you achieve your goals in a kind caring and efficient manner. I have 38 years of experience, helping people with their mental health.
01491 521246 View 01491 521246
Photo of Ajay Lamba, MSc, MBABCP, Psychotherapist
Ajay Lamba
Psychotherapist, MSc, MBABCP
Verified Verified
Thatcham RG19  (Online Only)
During treatment Mr Lamba predominantly uses Cognitive Behavioural Therapy ( CBT) and calls upon a number of complementary psychotherapeutic techniques such as mindfulness and compassion-focussed work, to provide his clients with a range of tools to help them make sense of their difficulties and then for us to work together in overcoming their distress.
Ajay Lamba has delivered psychotherapy in NHS hospitals and private practice, which has provided a wealth of experience with people from diverse backgrounds and all age groups. His academic and work career has been focused on helping people achieve their goals of recovery by relieving symptoms of depression and anxiety, from mild to severe psychological difficulties.
During treatment Mr Lamba predominantly uses Cognitive Behavioural Therapy ( CBT) and calls upon a number of complementary psychotherapeutic techniques such as mindfulness and compassion-focussed work, to provide his clients with a range of tools to help them make sense of their difficulties and then for us to work together in overcoming their distress.
Ajay Lamba has delivered psychotherapy in NHS hospitals and private practice, which has provided a wealth of experience with people from diverse backgrounds and all age groups. His academic and work career has been focused on helping people achieve their goals of recovery by relieving symptoms of depression and anxiety, from mild to severe psychological difficulties.
023 9200 3294 View 023 9200 3294
Photo of Linda Kathryn Berkeley, MSc, MBABCP, Psychotherapist
Linda Kathryn Berkeley
Psychotherapist, MSc, MBABCP
Verified Verified
Lambourn RG17
You are the expert on yourself an only you can decide what might work for you. We will form a plan together, perhaps over the course of two to three sessions, of how we can proceed, and what we collaboratively believe is going on for you. You will find my practice is based on a humanistic, integrative, pluralistic blending of possibilities from several frameworks, including CBT, Gestalt, Compassion Focused Therapy, ideas from psychodynamic practice, with a person-centred, humanistic core.
You are the expert on yourself an only you can decide what might work for you. We will form a plan together, perhaps over the course of two to three sessions, of how we can proceed, and what we collaboratively believe is going on for you. You will find my practice is based on a humanistic, integrative, pluralistic blending of possibilities from several frameworks, including CBT, Gestalt, Compassion Focused Therapy, ideas from psychodynamic practice, with a person-centred, humanistic core.
01793 234332 View 01793 234332
Photo of Michelle Grice, MBABCP, Psychotherapist
Michelle Grice
Psychotherapist, MBABCP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Ramsbury SN8  (Online Only)
CBT is not the easy option, but it has a strong evidence base and I have a passion for providing people with the tools they can use to help themselves get better.
Do you feel overwhelmed by life, struggling to see the point of it all and that it is just impossible to manage? Do you feel low for no reason? Do you have unhelpful ways of thinking or behaviours that are keeping you stuck? Are you having a particularly stressful time and need some tools to help you navigate through it? Cognitive Behaviour Therapy is a way of helping you manage your mental and emotional health. It has a strong evidence base in being successful with many difficulties through providing tools and techniques you can use to manage your situation more effectively. ​
CBT is not the easy option, but it has a strong evidence base and I have a passion for providing people with the tools they can use to help themselves get better.
Do you feel overwhelmed by life, struggling to see the point of it all and that it is just impossible to manage? Do you feel low for no reason? Do you have unhelpful ways of thinking or behaviours that are keeping you stuck? Are you having a particularly stressful time and need some tools to help you navigate through it? Cognitive Behaviour Therapy is a way of helping you manage your mental and emotional health. It has a strong evidence base in being successful with many difficulties through providing tools and techniques you can use to manage your situation more effectively. ​
01672 556460 View 01672 556460
Photo of Ian Myers - Ian Myers Counselling, DCounsPsych, MNCPS Acc., Counsellor
Ian Myers Counselling
Counsellor, DCounsPsych, MNCPS Acc.
Verified Verified
Newbury RG14
I came to counselling late in life and bring years of life experiences as a result. I believe I have a natural empathy and understanding of my clients. Nothing shocks me and I never judge. I want my clients to reach their full potential in life, so whatever it is that is holding you back, let me help you unravel the tangle, in a safe, supportive environment. I offer private counselling based from my home office near Basingstoke in North Hampshire. I hold an Advanced Diploma in Psychotherapeutic Counselling and Hypnotherapy and am an Accredited Member of the National Counselling Society (NCS). I offer counselling and Hypnotherapy.
I came to counselling late in life and bring years of life experiences as a result. I believe I have a natural empathy and understanding of my clients. Nothing shocks me and I never judge. I want my clients to reach their full potential in life, so whatever it is that is holding you back, let me help you unravel the tangle, in a safe, supportive environment. I offer private counselling based from my home office near Basingstoke in North Hampshire. I hold an Advanced Diploma in Psychotherapeutic Counselling and Hypnotherapy and am an Accredited Member of the National Counselling Society (NCS). I offer counselling and Hypnotherapy.
01256 236485 View 01256 236485
Photo of Dr Chekkie Kauntze, DCounsPsych, HCPC - Couns. Psych., Psychologist
Dr Chekkie Kauntze
Psychologist, DCounsPsych, HCPC - Couns. Psych.
Verified Verified
Newbury RG14
I will help you to understand your feelings, thoughts & what you are experiencing in a non-judgemental & confidential space. I will help you to identify certain behavioural patterns that have been useful in the past are no longer serving you. Through the re-examination of the roles you might be adopting in relation to yourself & others, your choices & beliefs, a new perspective & understanding into yourself & your difficulties can be reached. This new understanding will help new choices and possibilities to arise & a sense of clarity to emerge. I will provide a space in which you can truly be yourself, without fear of expectation.
I will help you to understand your feelings, thoughts & what you are experiencing in a non-judgemental & confidential space. I will help you to identify certain behavioural patterns that have been useful in the past are no longer serving you. Through the re-examination of the roles you might be adopting in relation to yourself & others, your choices & beliefs, a new perspective & understanding into yourself & your difficulties can be reached. This new understanding will help new choices and possibilities to arise & a sense of clarity to emerge. I will provide a space in which you can truly be yourself, without fear of expectation.
01235 423757 View 01235 423757

See more therapy options for Hungerford

Cognitive Behavioural (CBT) Counsellors

How does cognitive behavioural therapy work?

Cognitive behavioural therapy works by exploring how your thoughts affect your emotions and experiences. CBT helps you identify distortions in your thinking. For example, you may tend to jump to the worst case scenario catastrophising or think in extremes (all-or-nothing thinking). A therapist can teach you how to push back against those thoughts to ultimately change your feelings and behavior for the better. They can also provide coping skills to better deal with stressors and challenges.

When do I know to seek treatment with cognitive behavioural therapy?

It’s reasonable to consider cognitive behavioural therapy if you struggle to manage difficult emotions or behaviors to such an extent that you are not getting the most out of life on a day-to-day basis. If you want a shorter term, concrete, skills-based approach, CBT is a great option. (By contrast, other types of therapy may devote more time to exploring your past and its effects.) The decision to seek CBT also depends on the condition you’re treating; CBT is an effective treatment for anxiety, depression, trauma, and many other disorders.

How can I find a cognitive behavioural therapist for someone else?

To find a cognitive behavioural therapist for someone else, you may want to begin by discussing the person’s problem, researching cognitive behavioural therapy, and assessing whether the approach is the right fit. You could then reach out to a few cognitive behavioral therapists in this directory, explain the scenario, have a consultation with those available, and determine who could be a good match.

Why is CBT such a popular form of therapy?

CBT has become a popular form of therapy because it is effective and accessible. Robust research has demonstrated that CBT is an effective treatment for many mental health conditions. And CBT can be learned in relatively few sessions, which means that many people can engage in the process, afford it, and see results quickly. It involves learning concrete skills such as disputing unhelpful thoughts; these skills can also be taught and spread widely.