Motivational Interviewing Counselling in Harrogate

Photo of Agnieszka Grzelinska - Aga Grzelinska , MBACP, Psychotherapist
Aga Grzelinska
Psychotherapist, MBACP
Verified Verified
Harrogate HG1
Where helpful, I can offer approaches such as Solution-Focused Brief Therapy (SFBT), Compassion Focused Therapy (CFT) Motivational Interviewing (MI), as well as existential, systemic or psychodynamic approaches.
I am an integrative counsellor and psychotherapist registered with the British Association of Counselling and Psychotherapy (BACP) and an Autism Spectrum Condition (ASC) Specialist Mentor undertaking regular clinical supervision. I draw from a range of evidence-based therapeutic approaches to create a personalized, flexible, and compassionate treatment plan tailored to your unique needs. Whether you are dealing with anxiety, depression, work stress, relationship challenges, or simply wanting to get to know yourself better, therapy can offer the tools and insights to expand your self-awareness and help you find a better place.
Where helpful, I can offer approaches such as Solution-Focused Brief Therapy (SFBT), Compassion Focused Therapy (CFT) Motivational Interviewing (MI), as well as existential, systemic or psychodynamic approaches.
I am an integrative counsellor and psychotherapist registered with the British Association of Counselling and Psychotherapy (BACP) and an Autism Spectrum Condition (ASC) Specialist Mentor undertaking regular clinical supervision. I draw from a range of evidence-based therapeutic approaches to create a personalized, flexible, and compassionate treatment plan tailored to your unique needs. Whether you are dealing with anxiety, depression, work stress, relationship challenges, or simply wanting to get to know yourself better, therapy can offer the tools and insights to expand your self-awareness and help you find a better place.
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Photo of Lucy Harrison, MBACP, Counsellor
Lucy Harrison
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
Harrogate HG1  (Online Only)
I have an integrative approach to counselling, I qualified as a Person Centred counsellor and have qualified in CBT, solution focussed therapy, creative writing and motivational interviewing which means I can meet the needs of more people as not one approach fits or suits all.
Being in therapy is something many of us have needed over the course of our lives, by acknowledging you need some help now you have already come a long way. By working together we can make a real difference in how you cope and live your life. Over the years I have worked in a variety of settings helping people who were struggling with issues such as fear, anxiety, depression, suicidal ideation, stress, self harm, addiction, co dependency, anger. I have been helping people come to terms with their past, enjoy the present and look forward to the future for the past 18 years.
I have an integrative approach to counselling, I qualified as a Person Centred counsellor and have qualified in CBT, solution focussed therapy, creative writing and motivational interviewing which means I can meet the needs of more people as not one approach fits or suits all.
Being in therapy is something many of us have needed over the course of our lives, by acknowledging you need some help now you have already come a long way. By working together we can make a real difference in how you cope and live your life. Over the years I have worked in a variety of settings helping people who were struggling with issues such as fear, anxiety, depression, suicidal ideation, stress, self harm, addiction, co dependency, anger. I have been helping people come to terms with their past, enjoy the present and look forward to the future for the past 18 years.
01535 286047 View 01535 286047
Photo of Becky Heidi Rodrigues, DCounsPsych, BACP, Counsellor
Becky Heidi Rodrigues
Counsellor, DCounsPsych, BACP
Verified Verified
Harrogate HG2
I'm an Integrative Psychotherapist, Counsellor & Life Coach for adults & young people who struggle with self-doubt, comparison, overthinking or anxiety & are therefore feeling disempowered in one or many aspects of their lives. Typically the clients I work with feel consumed, limited & held back by their thoughts, feelings, fears, insecurities or unhealthy patterns & therefore lack confidence in themselves & their relationships. I offer you a space to explore & deepen your understanding of yourself so that you can feel empowered & confident in your inner & outer world.
I'm an Integrative Psychotherapist, Counsellor & Life Coach for adults & young people who struggle with self-doubt, comparison, overthinking or anxiety & are therefore feeling disempowered in one or many aspects of their lives. Typically the clients I work with feel consumed, limited & held back by their thoughts, feelings, fears, insecurities or unhealthy patterns & therefore lack confidence in themselves & their relationships. I offer you a space to explore & deepen your understanding of yourself so that you can feel empowered & confident in your inner & outer world.
01924 975639 View 01924 975639
Photo of Rachel Orr, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych., Psychologist
Rachel Orr
Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Verified Verified
Harrogate HG1
Hello, my name is Dr Rachel Orr, I'm a Clinical Psychologist, qualified for 15 years, with substantial experience working with children and working age adults, both in the NHS and in private practice. I am understanding, and empathic and take time to get to know the person and their hopes for therapy. I have experience in Cognitive Behavioural Therapy, as well as other approaches such as mindfulness, Dialectical Behavioural Therapy and compassion focused therapy. At the beginning of sessions, I undertake a detailed assessment to understand what your hopes are for therapy.
Hello, my name is Dr Rachel Orr, I'm a Clinical Psychologist, qualified for 15 years, with substantial experience working with children and working age adults, both in the NHS and in private practice. I am understanding, and empathic and take time to get to know the person and their hopes for therapy. I have experience in Cognitive Behavioural Therapy, as well as other approaches such as mindfulness, Dialectical Behavioural Therapy and compassion focused therapy. At the beginning of sessions, I undertake a detailed assessment to understand what your hopes are for therapy.
01423 227362 View 01423 227362
Photo of Mandy Dadswell, MSc, MUKCP, Psychotherapist
Mandy Dadswell
Psychotherapist, MSc, MUKCP
Verified Verified
Harrogate HG1
Child, Adolescent and Adult Psychotherapist offering a BESPOKE & UNIQUE service catered to individuals needs. No one is the same, we are all unique with often very different circumstances, so why should therapy be delivered in the same way for everyone? An initial FREE consultation will give you an indication of the way I work and of what I can offer you or/and your family with the aim to get life under control or where you want it to be. For more detailed information you can also take a look at my website mandydadswell.com
Child, Adolescent and Adult Psychotherapist offering a BESPOKE & UNIQUE service catered to individuals needs. No one is the same, we are all unique with often very different circumstances, so why should therapy be delivered in the same way for everyone? An initial FREE consultation will give you an indication of the way I work and of what I can offer you or/and your family with the aim to get life under control or where you want it to be. For more detailed information you can also take a look at my website mandydadswell.com
01423 449130 View 01423 449130
Photo of Andrew Kemp - Clear Mind CBT, MSc, MBABCP, Psychotherapist
Clear Mind CBT
Psychotherapist, MSc, MBABCP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Harrogate HG1
Do you ever notice a feeling of dread at the day ahead or that you’re constantly worrying and berating yourself? Do you struggle with sleep, or sleep too much but still wake never feeling properly rested? Do you find yourself playing over conversations, picking apart the things that you said and how people responded, worrying about what they think of you? How would you like to feel happier, more confident and energised? To sleep better, be kinder to yourself and look forward to your days? These are just some of the areas I can help you with.
Do you ever notice a feeling of dread at the day ahead or that you’re constantly worrying and berating yourself? Do you struggle with sleep, or sleep too much but still wake never feeling properly rested? Do you find yourself playing over conversations, picking apart the things that you said and how people responded, worrying about what they think of you? How would you like to feel happier, more confident and energised? To sleep better, be kinder to yourself and look forward to your days? These are just some of the areas I can help you with.
01423 226985 View 01423 226985
Photo of Joanne Cheetham, MSc, HCPC - Forensic Psych., Psychologist
Joanne Cheetham
Psychologist, MSc, HCPC - Forensic Psych.
Verified Verified
Harrogate HG3
I am a HCPC registered psychologist and passionate about helping people to find ways to make sense of and manage painful and complex thoughts, feelings and behaviours, and a way out of the traps of psychological difficulties.
I am a HCPC registered psychologist and passionate about helping people to find ways to make sense of and manage painful and complex thoughts, feelings and behaviours, and a way out of the traps of psychological difficulties.
01423 224138 View 01423 224138
Photo of Dr Kamila Hortynska, PsychD, CPsychol, Psychologist
Dr Kamila Hortynska
Psychologist, PsychD, CPsychol
Verified Verified
Harrogate HG1
My name is Dr Kamila Hortynska. I'm a Clinical Psychologist, CBT Therapist, Mindfulness Expert & Spiritual Life Coach with 23 years of clinical experience, (11 in the NHS). My approach is holistic, integrative & soulful, yet firmly based in health sciences & research. I believe YOU CAN live the life you desire & deserve, and shine so brightly, it will inspire everyone else to do the same! Are you ready to turn stress & exhaustion into vitality and pleasure? Feel radiant and free ...to be yourself? Open up to new possibilities & relationships? I’m an expert in helping people like you spring-clean their lives & introduce new habits.
My name is Dr Kamila Hortynska. I'm a Clinical Psychologist, CBT Therapist, Mindfulness Expert & Spiritual Life Coach with 23 years of clinical experience, (11 in the NHS). My approach is holistic, integrative & soulful, yet firmly based in health sciences & research. I believe YOU CAN live the life you desire & deserve, and shine so brightly, it will inspire everyone else to do the same! Are you ready to turn stress & exhaustion into vitality and pleasure? Feel radiant and free ...to be yourself? Open up to new possibilities & relationships? I’m an expert in helping people like you spring-clean their lives & introduce new habits.
0113 519 0209 View 0113 519 0209
Photo of Rachel Northen - Sex And Relationship Therapist, COSRT General, Counsellor
Rachel Northen - Sex And Relationship Therapist
Counsellor, COSRT General
Verified Verified
Harrogate HG1  (Online Only)
I specialise in male and female sexual difficulties and in relationship issues and work with couples and individuals. Sexual issues may have a physiological and/or psychological cause and include: loss of intimacy and desire, mismatched libidos, orgasm difficulties, erectile dysfunction, premature and delayed ejaculation, vaginismus, sexual pain, menopause, sexual phobia and anxiety, lack of confidence and issues with porn use. Relationship issues include: infidelity, loss of trust, communication difficulties, lack of intimacy/connection, adjusting to change, conflict, stress and anxiety, separation and different attachment styles.
I specialise in male and female sexual difficulties and in relationship issues and work with couples and individuals. Sexual issues may have a physiological and/or psychological cause and include: loss of intimacy and desire, mismatched libidos, orgasm difficulties, erectile dysfunction, premature and delayed ejaculation, vaginismus, sexual pain, menopause, sexual phobia and anxiety, lack of confidence and issues with porn use. Relationship issues include: infidelity, loss of trust, communication difficulties, lack of intimacy/connection, adjusting to change, conflict, stress and anxiety, separation and different attachment styles.
0113 467 8450 View 0113 467 8450
Photo of Dr James Hoskinson, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych., Psychologist
Dr James Hoskinson
Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Harrogate HG1
My name is James (Jim) Hoskinson. I am a Health and Care Professions Council (HCPC) registered Consultant Clinical Psychologist, having qualified in 2011. My broad clinical experience enables me to work effectively with adults, young people, and children. In doing so, my diverse mix of additional post-qualification training allows me to work with clients on a wide range of psychological matters. I can help you to move on from the past, so that you can regain meaningful focus on the present whilst you build for a purposeful and fulfilling future. For further information, please visit my website: (www.mindsmatterpsychology.com).
My name is James (Jim) Hoskinson. I am a Health and Care Professions Council (HCPC) registered Consultant Clinical Psychologist, having qualified in 2011. My broad clinical experience enables me to work effectively with adults, young people, and children. In doing so, my diverse mix of additional post-qualification training allows me to work with clients on a wide range of psychological matters. I can help you to move on from the past, so that you can regain meaningful focus on the present whilst you build for a purposeful and fulfilling future. For further information, please visit my website: (www.mindsmatterpsychology.com).
0113 519 0406 View 0113 519 0406
Photo of Janey Brechin - Mind and Environment Counselling, MSc, MBACP, Counsellor
Mind and Environment Counselling
Counsellor, MSc, MBACP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Harrogate HG2
Have you had experiences in your past that are bubbling to the surface and affecting your day-to-day life? Are traumatic memories and experiences making relationships with yourself and others difficult or complicated? Do you feel a loss of control or have consuming negative thoughts about yourself and what others may feel about you? Whatever brings you here, my counselling space is for you to explore and express how you feel without judgement and in confidence. Reaching out and talking through your experience can help you to process thoughts & emotions, begin to make goals and move towards developing a life where you will thrive.
Have you had experiences in your past that are bubbling to the surface and affecting your day-to-day life? Are traumatic memories and experiences making relationships with yourself and others difficult or complicated? Do you feel a loss of control or have consuming negative thoughts about yourself and what others may feel about you? Whatever brings you here, my counselling space is for you to explore and express how you feel without judgement and in confidence. Reaching out and talking through your experience can help you to process thoughts & emotions, begin to make goals and move towards developing a life where you will thrive.
01248 663118 View 01248 663118
Photo of Dr Palvinder Rao, HCPC - Clin. Psych., Psychologist
Dr Palvinder Rao
Psychologist, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Verified Verified
Harrogate HG1
Hello, my name is Pav. I am a registered and chartered clinical psychologist with over 20 years of experience in helping people with a range of problems including: depression, anxiety disorders, low self-esteem, trauma, PTSD, complex PTSD, self-harm, addictions, eating disorders, physical illness, ASD, ADHD, personality difficulties, adjustment disorders and bipolar. I also have experience of supporting those who are experiencing neurological injury, illness or disease.
Hello, my name is Pav. I am a registered and chartered clinical psychologist with over 20 years of experience in helping people with a range of problems including: depression, anxiety disorders, low self-esteem, trauma, PTSD, complex PTSD, self-harm, addictions, eating disorders, physical illness, ASD, ADHD, personality difficulties, adjustment disorders and bipolar. I also have experience of supporting those who are experiencing neurological injury, illness or disease.
0113 519 5687 View 0113 519 5687

More Therapists Nearby

Photo of Cheryl Squire, MA, MNCPS Acc., Counsellor
Cheryl Squire
Counsellor, MA, MNCPS Acc.
Verified Verified
Wetherby LS22
Are you feeling anxious and distressed? At times do you get frustrated, irritated or angry? Do you have painful unwanted memories or struggle to sleep? Are you feeling sad, low or numb? Are you feeling alone or that no one understands you? Are you feeling overwhelmed and struggling to cope? Do you want to feel calmer and more in control? Do you want to understand how your body is reacting and why you can't think straight? Do you want to cope better on a day-to-day basis. As a qualified integrative, relational counsellor I am able to be alongside you and help you to understand your experience.
Are you feeling anxious and distressed? At times do you get frustrated, irritated or angry? Do you have painful unwanted memories or struggle to sleep? Are you feeling sad, low or numb? Are you feeling alone or that no one understands you? Are you feeling overwhelmed and struggling to cope? Do you want to feel calmer and more in control? Do you want to understand how your body is reacting and why you can't think straight? Do you want to cope better on a day-to-day basis. As a qualified integrative, relational counsellor I am able to be alongside you and help you to understand your experience.
01904 929241 View 01904 929241
Photo of Adele Watiez, DCounsPsych, MBACP Accred, Psychotherapist
Adele Watiez
Psychotherapist, DCounsPsych, MBACP Accred
Verified Verified
Otley LS21  (Online Only)
As an intergrative therapist my aim is to provide you with support to work through a range of issues, anxiety, depression, bereavement, trauma, low self esteem, stress, cPTSD and relationship difficulties. My way of working is indepth and together, we will explore what your goals are. I have trained in a range of models so that I can offer you a compassionate and attuned presence. I have many years experience of supporting people and a deep understanding of how these issues, can impact upon one having a solid sense of self. Occasionally, I use creativity and parts work in the therapy session which can be powerful and transforming
As an intergrative therapist my aim is to provide you with support to work through a range of issues, anxiety, depression, bereavement, trauma, low self esteem, stress, cPTSD and relationship difficulties. My way of working is indepth and together, we will explore what your goals are. I have trained in a range of models so that I can offer you a compassionate and attuned presence. I have many years experience of supporting people and a deep understanding of how these issues, can impact upon one having a solid sense of self. Occasionally, I use creativity and parts work in the therapy session which can be powerful and transforming
0113 519 9783 View 0113 519 9783
Photo of Maisie Nicholls - Emdr Therapy, MSc
Maisie Nicholls - Emdr Therapy
MSc
Verified Verified
Wetherby LS22  (Online Only)
Hi, I'm Maisie and I specialise in EMDR therapy for birth and postnatal trauma. I also offer therapy for people who are struggling to adjust to parenthood. I understand the transition to becoming a parent can be difficult, even without experiencing birth trauma. Our children are mirrors of us and difficult childhood experiences can often come to the surface when you become a parent yourself. EMDR can help you process any difficult feelings that may have come to the surface for you. I offer a gentle, collaborative, down to earth approach to therapy.
Hi, I'm Maisie and I specialise in EMDR therapy for birth and postnatal trauma. I also offer therapy for people who are struggling to adjust to parenthood. I understand the transition to becoming a parent can be difficult, even without experiencing birth trauma. Our children are mirrors of us and difficult childhood experiences can often come to the surface when you become a parent yourself. EMDR can help you process any difficult feelings that may have come to the surface for you. I offer a gentle, collaborative, down to earth approach to therapy.
01889 227311 View 01889 227311
Photo of Mark Christopher Dove, MBACP, Counsellor
Mark Christopher Dove
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
Knaresborough HG5
Hello, my name is Mark. Thank you for looking at my profile. As you're here, there is a chance that you are going through difficult times in your life. Rest assured that you do not have to go through it alone. I am here to support you, so let me tell you a bit about my approach to counselling. I use a person centred, integrative approach. This is a non-directive method whereby I will be guided by you, the client, as to what issues you wish to discuss. It also enables me to tailor my service to your specific needs, using a variety of therapies, including CBT (Cognitive Behavioural Therapy) and (CFT) Compassion Focused Therapy.
Hello, my name is Mark. Thank you for looking at my profile. As you're here, there is a chance that you are going through difficult times in your life. Rest assured that you do not have to go through it alone. I am here to support you, so let me tell you a bit about my approach to counselling. I use a person centred, integrative approach. This is a non-directive method whereby I will be guided by you, the client, as to what issues you wish to discuss. It also enables me to tailor my service to your specific needs, using a variety of therapies, including CBT (Cognitive Behavioural Therapy) and (CFT) Compassion Focused Therapy.
01756 630578 View 01756 630578

Online Therapists

Photo of Dr Catherine (Katie) Moizer, HCPC - Clin. Psych., Psychologist
Dr Catherine (Katie) Moizer
Psychologist, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Verified Verified
Mirfield WF14
Waitlist for new clients
I am a highly experienced and skilled Clinical Psychologist of 17 years. I provide psychological assessment and therapy to young people and adults with a wide range of presenting issues, such as anxiety, low mood, low self-esteem, relationship issues and eating related issues. I have a wide range of experience and skills to draw from, with specialist knowledge and skills in assessment (including cognitive assessment), cognitive behavioural approaches, Dialectical Behaviour Therapy (DBT), Eye-Movement Desensitisation & Reprocessing (EMDR), Motivational Interviewing and cognitive analytical mapping. I am fully DBS checked.
I am a highly experienced and skilled Clinical Psychologist of 17 years. I provide psychological assessment and therapy to young people and adults with a wide range of presenting issues, such as anxiety, low mood, low self-esteem, relationship issues and eating related issues. I have a wide range of experience and skills to draw from, with specialist knowledge and skills in assessment (including cognitive assessment), cognitive behavioural approaches, Dialectical Behaviour Therapy (DBT), Eye-Movement Desensitisation & Reprocessing (EMDR), Motivational Interviewing and cognitive analytical mapping. I am fully DBS checked.
01924 975539 View 01924 975539
Photo of Rosalind Pollard - RP Therapies, MSc, HCPC - Clin. Psych., Psychologist
RP Therapies
Psychologist, MSc, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Verified Verified
Stokesley TS9
I help clients with difficulties including depression, anxiety, sleep, relationship issues, stress, bereavement, loss and living with long term physical health conditions. I use cognitive behaviour therapy, acceptance and commitment therapy, psychodynamic therapy, motivational interviewing, and attachment theory to gain an understanding of the issues you are bringing to therapy. I also offer EMDR - a specialised and effective therapy to treat trauma, and other difficulties.
I help clients with difficulties including depression, anxiety, sleep, relationship issues, stress, bereavement, loss and living with long term physical health conditions. I use cognitive behaviour therapy, acceptance and commitment therapy, psychodynamic therapy, motivational interviewing, and attachment theory to gain an understanding of the issues you are bringing to therapy. I also offer EMDR - a specialised and effective therapy to treat trauma, and other difficulties.
01642 929975 View 01642 929975
Photo of Dr Anna Chisholm, PsychD, HCPC - Health Psych., Psychologist
Dr Anna Chisholm
Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Health Psych.
Verified Verified
Manchester M20
I am a qualified Health Psychologist trained in a range of therapies including Motivational Interviewing and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy and have experience and expertise in applying behaviour change science and principles.
I provide support for people wanting to make a change to their lives in order to live well and live healthy. Changing an element of your lifestyle can be extremely challenging, for example managing your weight, stopping smoking or reducing alcohol consumption. Often these factors are tied up with the complexities of our lives, managing stress, living with illness, overcoming obstacles in our lives. I work with people to help them make lasting and meaningful changes to behaviours that are causing them difficulties and find ways to improve overall health and wellbeing.
I am a qualified Health Psychologist trained in a range of therapies including Motivational Interviewing and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy and have experience and expertise in applying behaviour change science and principles.
I provide support for people wanting to make a change to their lives in order to live well and live healthy. Changing an element of your lifestyle can be extremely challenging, for example managing your weight, stopping smoking or reducing alcohol consumption. Often these factors are tied up with the complexities of our lives, managing stress, living with illness, overcoming obstacles in our lives. I work with people to help them make lasting and meaningful changes to behaviours that are causing them difficulties and find ways to improve overall health and wellbeing.
0161 850 4103 View 0161 850 4103
Photo of Dr Asna Ahmed, HCPC - Couns. Psych., Psychologist
Dr Asna Ahmed
Psychologist, HCPC - Couns. Psych.
Verified Verified
Leeds LS8
My approach includes EMDR, mindfulness, cognitive behavioural therapy and motivational interviewing in a person centered way.
I work in a collaborative way with clients who present with unaddressed trauma, relational problems, anxiety, depression, low mood and a feeling of hopelessness. I have a special interest in trauma, attachment issues and addiction. Many of my clients identify with feeling stuck in their current situation or those who want to have a better relationship with themselves.
My approach includes EMDR, mindfulness, cognitive behavioural therapy and motivational interviewing in a person centered way.
I work in a collaborative way with clients who present with unaddressed trauma, relational problems, anxiety, depression, low mood and a feeling of hopelessness. I have a special interest in trauma, attachment issues and addiction. Many of my clients identify with feeling stuck in their current situation or those who want to have a better relationship with themselves.
0113 320 6165 View 0113 320 6165

See more therapy options for Harrogate

Motivational Interviewing Counsellors

How does motivational interviewing work?

Motivational interviewing aims to uncover a person’s internal motivation to change their life. Toward this end, the therapist listens, empathises, and collaborates with the client based on their perspective; the therapist doesn’t adhere to a predetermined plan for change or impose their viewpoint on the client. Discovering an individual’s most important reasons for change, and guiding them to achieve those changes, can empower people to shift from ambivalence to action.

Is motivational interviewing evidence-based?

Yes, research shows that motivational interviewing can help treat alcohol and substance use — and in different ways such as reducing drinking, reducing resistance, and increasing the likelihood of staying in treatment. Motivational interviewing has also been shown to help people lose weight, adhere to medication regimens, improve diet for those with Type II diabetes, and improve healthy behaviours in children.

How long does motivational interviewing last?

Motivational interviewing is a short-term therapy that can last just one or two sessions. In some cases, motivational interviewing may be used in conjunction with longer-term therapies, but for most people, motivational interviewing is a brief intervention that aims to help patients understand their personal, specific, and internal reasons for changing their life.

What differentiates motivational interviewing from person-centered therapy?

In person-centered therapy, the individual is in the driver’s seat of the treatment process, creating space for them to trust their instincts and arrive at their own solutions. The two approaches are similar because motivational interviewing is also client-centered; however, person-centered therapy is more open-ended while motivational interviewing is somewhat more structured; the goal is to change, and the therapist helps the client specifically discover their internal motivations to modify their behaviour.