Photo of Hayley Warburton, DCounsPsych, MBACP Accred, Counsellor
Hayley Warburton
Counsellor, DCounsPsych, MBACP Accred
Verified Verified
Derby DE22
Hello and welcome, I acknowledge that looking for help is a brave step and starting therapy or counselling can feel daunting, so my aim is to help you with this process by telling you a little about how I work and what you can expect. You are welcome just as you are with whatever it is you are facing; I offer a friendly warm and down-to-earth approach. My aim is to help guide you through life’s challenges using an integrative person-centred approach. I work in a non-judgemental way, so you can feel secure, supported and understood allowing you to find your own strength and resilience.
Hello and welcome, I acknowledge that looking for help is a brave step and starting therapy or counselling can feel daunting, so my aim is to help you with this process by telling you a little about how I work and what you can expect. You are welcome just as you are with whatever it is you are facing; I offer a friendly warm and down-to-earth approach. My aim is to help guide you through life’s challenges using an integrative person-centred approach. I work in a non-judgemental way, so you can feel secure, supported and understood allowing you to find your own strength and resilience.
01332 957067 View 01332 957067
Photo of Bridget Knowles, MUKCP, Psychotherapist
Bridget Knowles
Psychotherapist, MUKCP
Verified Verified
Derby DE65
Hello my name is Bridget. You have taken the first step towards finding the support you need at this time in your life. Whatever you are facing, I will offer non-judgmental support in exploring what brings you to therapy. You may be feeling anxious, depressed or confused about where you are right now. Talking and working in a therapeutic relationship can be a healing process.
Hello my name is Bridget. You have taken the first step towards finding the support you need at this time in your life. Whatever you are facing, I will offer non-judgmental support in exploring what brings you to therapy. You may be feeling anxious, depressed or confused about where you are right now. Talking and working in a therapeutic relationship can be a healing process.
019467 60722 View 019467 60722
Photo of Jayne Davies, BACP, Counsellor
Jayne Davies
Counsellor, BACP
Verified Verified
Derby DE24  (Online Only)
Hi my name is Jayne. I have over 18 years’ experience working within a custodial setting and have worked in a therapeutic capacity offering psychosocial support. This includes substance misuse addiction and the subsequent impact on family members and friends. I am a registered member of the British Association of Counselling and Psychotherapy. I have also work as a counsellor for a women's charity providing holistic support for women with complex needs. I offer a non-judgmental safe space online and via telephone for your exploration of self. You only get one you! Let’s look after YOU!
Hi my name is Jayne. I have over 18 years’ experience working within a custodial setting and have worked in a therapeutic capacity offering psychosocial support. This includes substance misuse addiction and the subsequent impact on family members and friends. I am a registered member of the British Association of Counselling and Psychotherapy. I have also work as a counsellor for a women's charity providing holistic support for women with complex needs. I offer a non-judgmental safe space online and via telephone for your exploration of self. You only get one you! Let’s look after YOU!
01246 607041 View 01246 607041
Photo of Craig Woods, MBACP, Counsellor
Craig Woods
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
Derby DE23  (Online Only)
Seeking therapy can be as confusing and daunting as the problems that prompt us toward it. I am here to support you through that journey. I see my role as facilitative and aim to help empower you as we define, discover and work jointly toward your goals. I believe we each tend toward our own best interests and that we are our own experts. I also believe growth and healing needs facilitating. To this end, I work relationally and am interested in how our pasts, experience and ways of relating to our experience influence our present.
Seeking therapy can be as confusing and daunting as the problems that prompt us toward it. I am here to support you through that journey. I see my role as facilitative and aim to help empower you as we define, discover and work jointly toward your goals. I believe we each tend toward our own best interests and that we are our own experts. I also believe growth and healing needs facilitating. To this end, I work relationally and am interested in how our pasts, experience and ways of relating to our experience influence our present.
01246 956495 View 01246 956495
Photo of Amanda Cilente Bosman - Another Way CBT, MBABCP, Psychotherapist
Another Way CBT
Psychotherapist, MBABCP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Derby DE23  (Online Only)
Hi, I'm Cilente Bosman (she/her/they/them) and I have been helping people to overcome problems with depression and anxiety for the past 10 years, both within the NHS and as a private CBT therapist. I have also worked with individuals who have struggled due to difficulty with managing symptoms of ADHD and particularly a late onset diagnosis of ADHD, which can particularly affect women entering peri-menopause. I draw on a wide range of approaches to enhance my CBT practice, including Compassion Focused Therapy (CFT) and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT).
Hi, I'm Cilente Bosman (she/her/they/them) and I have been helping people to overcome problems with depression and anxiety for the past 10 years, both within the NHS and as a private CBT therapist. I have also worked with individuals who have struggled due to difficulty with managing symptoms of ADHD and particularly a late onset diagnosis of ADHD, which can particularly affect women entering peri-menopause. I draw on a wide range of approaches to enhance my CBT practice, including Compassion Focused Therapy (CFT) and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT).
01246 720103 View 01246 720103
Photo of Chris Allwright, MBACP, Counsellor
Chris Allwright
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
Derby DE22
Are you struggling to cope with stress, anxiety or the effects of traumatic events in your life? Are you stuck with difficult feelings and/or circumstances and need help to find a way through them? Or are you looking for answers to “where do I go from here?” Please contact me for a free consultation, I’m always committed to finding ways to help. With over 30 years’ experience in mental health and wellbeing I have worked with all ages, from secondary school through to end-of-life care and have worked with people in many different challenging, traumatic and complex circumstances. I am confident to deal with any issue.
Are you struggling to cope with stress, anxiety or the effects of traumatic events in your life? Are you stuck with difficult feelings and/or circumstances and need help to find a way through them? Or are you looking for answers to “where do I go from here?” Please contact me for a free consultation, I’m always committed to finding ways to help. With over 30 years’ experience in mental health and wellbeing I have worked with all ages, from secondary school through to end-of-life care and have worked with people in many different challenging, traumatic and complex circumstances. I am confident to deal with any issue.
01332 959071 View 01332 959071
Photo of Jackie Leigh Brierley - Garden Shed Counselling, MBACP Accred, Counsellor
Garden Shed Counselling
Counsellor, MBACP Accred
Verified Verified
Derby DE23
Waitlist for new clients
No matter what your age, we all need someone who will listen, but sometimes we need someone that not only listens, but can help us to explore and understand the difficulties we may find in our lives. 'Listening is often the only thing needed to help someone' unknown
No matter what your age, we all need someone who will listen, but sometimes we need someone that not only listens, but can help us to explore and understand the difficulties we may find in our lives. 'Listening is often the only thing needed to help someone' unknown
01246 607052 View 01246 607052
Photo of Mel Paulson, MBACP, Counsellor
Mel Paulson
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Derby DE22
I understand that life can be difficult and there may be times when you could benefit from talking to an approachable counsellor. Collaboratively we can explore challenges or issues that you are facing and work towards empowerment for change. I am a qualified integrative counsellor who is committed to offering you a safe, non-judgmental and confidential space to allow you to explore your thoughts and feelings. I draw upon different approaches which will be personalised to suit you. As every client is unique my approach is based on your needs. I work from a comfortable room in a business centre that has plenty of free parking.
I understand that life can be difficult and there may be times when you could benefit from talking to an approachable counsellor. Collaboratively we can explore challenges or issues that you are facing and work towards empowerment for change. I am a qualified integrative counsellor who is committed to offering you a safe, non-judgmental and confidential space to allow you to explore your thoughts and feelings. I draw upon different approaches which will be personalised to suit you. As every client is unique my approach is based on your needs. I work from a comfortable room in a business centre that has plenty of free parking.
01332 215292 View 01332 215292
Photo of Alison Watson, MNCPS Acc., Psychotherapist
Alison Watson
Psychotherapist, MNCPS Acc.
Verified Verified
Derby DE72
Sometimes the daily stresses in life can build to to a point where it impacts on your daily life and you feel unable to cope anymore. This can affect your relationship with those closest to you, as well as your enjoyment in life generally. You may be feeling anxious about little things and/or feeling down (even thoughts of suicide or self-harm) and unable to get motivated. Maybe you have been dealing with difficult traumas from the past, affecting your self-confidence and belief in yourself. Perhaps you've been drinking more than usual, sleeping less, spending more and have realised you need support to make changes in your life.
Sometimes the daily stresses in life can build to to a point where it impacts on your daily life and you feel unable to cope anymore. This can affect your relationship with those closest to you, as well as your enjoyment in life generally. You may be feeling anxious about little things and/or feeling down (even thoughts of suicide or self-harm) and unable to get motivated. Maybe you have been dealing with difficult traumas from the past, affecting your self-confidence and belief in yourself. Perhaps you've been drinking more than usual, sleeping less, spending more and have realised you need support to make changes in your life.
01332 215190 View 01332 215190
Photo of Karin Scott, MA, MBACP, Psychotherapist
Karin Scott
Psychotherapist, MA, MBACP
Verified Verified
Derby DE65
Hello! I am a registered member of the BACP with an MA in Integrative Counselling offering counselling and therapy to individuals, couples and young people. I feel that we all need help sometimes and talking in a safe and confidential space can help you to make changes in your life that will benefit you and your family.
Hello! I am a registered member of the BACP with an MA in Integrative Counselling offering counselling and therapy to individuals, couples and young people. I feel that we all need help sometimes and talking in a safe and confidential space can help you to make changes in your life that will benefit you and your family.
01332 325337 View 01332 325337
Photo of Dave Petch, MSc, MBACP, Psychotherapist
Dave Petch
Psychotherapist, MSc, MBACP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Derby DE23
The experiences we have early in our lives can often impact our view of the world and ourselves as adults. We may place unhealthy expectations on ourselves or view ourselves in an overly negative light. I can offer you a safe, compassionate and non-judgemental environment in which I can help you to achieve the goals you set yourself at the start of our journey together.
The experiences we have early in our lives can often impact our view of the world and ourselves as adults. We may place unhealthy expectations on ourselves or view ourselves in an overly negative light. I can offer you a safe, compassionate and non-judgemental environment in which I can help you to achieve the goals you set yourself at the start of our journey together.
01332 985690 View 01332 985690
Photo of Rebecca Sibthorp, MA, HCPC-Drama Therap., Counsellor
Rebecca Sibthorp
Counsellor, MA, HCPC-Drama Therap.
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Derby DE22
Not accepting new clients
I am a qualified Dramatherapist, registered with the HCPC and BADth, offering therapeutic support for children, young people, and families. My practice focuses on creating a safe and nurturing environment where clients can explore emotions, build resilience and foster deeper connections. - Dramatherapy is an Arts Therapy. It can be used in both direct ways, like problem-solving, or indirect ways, such as using stories, metaphors, and images to explore difficult issues from a safe distance. Through storytelling, drama techniques, and play, it allows children to express and explore challenging thoughts and emotions.
I am a qualified Dramatherapist, registered with the HCPC and BADth, offering therapeutic support for children, young people, and families. My practice focuses on creating a safe and nurturing environment where clients can explore emotions, build resilience and foster deeper connections. - Dramatherapy is an Arts Therapy. It can be used in both direct ways, like problem-solving, or indirect ways, such as using stories, metaphors, and images to explore difficult issues from a safe distance. Through storytelling, drama techniques, and play, it allows children to express and explore challenging thoughts and emotions.
01332 215474 View 01332 215474
Photo of Carly Radford, MSc, MBACP, Psychotherapist
Carly Radford
Psychotherapist, MSc, MBACP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Derby DE1  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
Do you find yourself getting easily overwhelmed? Perhaps you are tired of having a busy brain that overthinks, overanalyses, and critiques everything you do. Possibly you’ve been told you’re too sensitive, over-emotional or too caring. Unforeseen change and uncertainty may make you anxious and after periods of socialising, you need alone time to recharge. This might mean you feel different, or boring, leading you to think negatively about yourself. Perhaps you outwardly appear very “together” or successful but hide-away the fact that life seems harder for you than it does for others, leaving you feeling like an imposter.
Do you find yourself getting easily overwhelmed? Perhaps you are tired of having a busy brain that overthinks, overanalyses, and critiques everything you do. Possibly you’ve been told you’re too sensitive, over-emotional or too caring. Unforeseen change and uncertainty may make you anxious and after periods of socialising, you need alone time to recharge. This might mean you feel different, or boring, leading you to think negatively about yourself. Perhaps you outwardly appear very “together” or successful but hide-away the fact that life seems harder for you than it does for others, leaving you feeling like an imposter.
View
Photo of Penny Sutton, MSc, MUKCP, Psychotherapist
Penny Sutton
Psychotherapist, MSc, MUKCP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Derby DE23
Life can be difficult and challenging, if you’re fed up of just getting by, if you feel that your mood is low yet again and you are struggling with anxiety or overwhelm then talking therapy may be for you. My aim is to help you reach your full potential, to feel fulfilled. Some people find that having a private confidential space just for them, with an expert, who is not family or friend gives them the space to process complicated feelings and thoughts. The benefits can be enormous in terms of a re-set for a healthier and happier life.
Life can be difficult and challenging, if you’re fed up of just getting by, if you feel that your mood is low yet again and you are struggling with anxiety or overwhelm then talking therapy may be for you. My aim is to help you reach your full potential, to feel fulfilled. Some people find that having a private confidential space just for them, with an expert, who is not family or friend gives them the space to process complicated feelings and thoughts. The benefits can be enormous in terms of a re-set for a healthier and happier life.
01246 607026 View 01246 607026
Photo of Nick Campion, MSc, MUKCP, Psychotherapist
Nick Campion
Psychotherapist, MSc, MUKCP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Derby DE1
Time to address something in your life? Perhaps you’ve been depressed or anxious, fearful, grieving or stuck. Maybe you’re struggling with relationships or something has happened in your life that you need to deal with and understand. Or it might be that you just have a nagging sense that something isn’t quite right and it’s finally time to work out who you are and what you want from life. I’ll listen to you carefully to understand why you’ve chosen to come to therapy and maybe even help clarify what it is that is troubling you. My aim will be to help you feel safe, valued, accepted and understood.
Time to address something in your life? Perhaps you’ve been depressed or anxious, fearful, grieving or stuck. Maybe you’re struggling with relationships or something has happened in your life that you need to deal with and understand. Or it might be that you just have a nagging sense that something isn’t quite right and it’s finally time to work out who you are and what you want from life. I’ll listen to you carefully to understand why you’ve chosen to come to therapy and maybe even help clarify what it is that is troubling you. My aim will be to help you feel safe, valued, accepted and understood.
01332 215223 View 01332 215223
Photo of Kate Fletcher
Kate Fletcher
Verified Verified
Derby DE21  (Online Only)
I am Qualified as an Integrative Counsellor and Psychotherapist. I have robust supervision every month and have always been passionate about helping people. I previously worked in mental health and with learning disabilities. I have experience working with anxiety and depression, trauma, domestic abuse, loss and bereavement. I work with adults (age 16+) on an open ended basis, with the intention of allowing you to enhance your life and live it more fully. I am also trained in Couple's Therapy, working in an Integrative way to work on issues such as communication, loss, infidelity and more!
I am Qualified as an Integrative Counsellor and Psychotherapist. I have robust supervision every month and have always been passionate about helping people. I previously worked in mental health and with learning disabilities. I have experience working with anxiety and depression, trauma, domestic abuse, loss and bereavement. I work with adults (age 16+) on an open ended basis, with the intention of allowing you to enhance your life and live it more fully. I am also trained in Couple's Therapy, working in an Integrative way to work on issues such as communication, loss, infidelity and more!
01332 215388 View 01332 215388
Photo of Josie Nicholson, MBACP Accred, Psychotherapist
Josie Nicholson
Psychotherapist, MBACP Accred
Verified Verified
Derby DE23
Currently 18 Years in Practice. Being human is mostly hard and life can be cruel. We see it time and time again. Bad things happen to good people, and we suffer. Each and every one of us at some point in our lives, finds ourselves lost and stuck. We can get depressed, anxious, angry, defensive and frightened. We can often avoid the things that bring us pain and as time goes on that list gets longer and longer and our life can feel smaller and smaller. Reaching out for help can be the hardest first step, but it's also the bravest and will prove to be one of the best decisions you will make for yourself.
Currently 18 Years in Practice. Being human is mostly hard and life can be cruel. We see it time and time again. Bad things happen to good people, and we suffer. Each and every one of us at some point in our lives, finds ourselves lost and stuck. We can get depressed, anxious, angry, defensive and frightened. We can often avoid the things that bring us pain and as time goes on that list gets longer and longer and our life can feel smaller and smaller. Reaching out for help can be the hardest first step, but it's also the bravest and will prove to be one of the best decisions you will make for yourself.
07971 958298 View 07971 958298
Photo of Ramandeep Kaur Tank - Raman KT Counselling, MBACP, Counsellor
Raman KT Counselling
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
Derby DE1
Hi I'm Ramandeep, I am a qualified counsellor and hold a BSc (Hons) in Psychology. And a qualified member of the British Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy (BACP). As well as developing my private practice, I work as a advice line counsellor. The ethos of the service is to provide affordable and accessible counselling to the local community and beyond – which is something I feel passionate about. I have worked with a multitude of presenting issues, such as anxiety, depression, trauma, family issues, relationship issues and cultural/religious issues.
Hi I'm Ramandeep, I am a qualified counsellor and hold a BSc (Hons) in Psychology. And a qualified member of the British Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy (BACP). As well as developing my private practice, I work as a advice line counsellor. The ethos of the service is to provide affordable and accessible counselling to the local community and beyond – which is something I feel passionate about. I have worked with a multitude of presenting issues, such as anxiety, depression, trauma, family issues, relationship issues and cultural/religious issues.
01332 327415 View 01332 327415
Photo of Marta Perestrello, MA, HCPC-Art Therap., Psychotherapist
Marta Perestrello
Psychotherapist, MA, HCPC-Art Therap.
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Derby DE3
I am an experienced and highly qualified art psychotherapist. I offer in person and online psychotherapy, clinical supervision, parent and professional consultation. I work with young people and adults in person from Derby or online from where ever you live, work or travel to. Contact me to arrange a free Introductory Meeting to talk through your needs and agree on the best plan forward before committing to any work.
I am an experienced and highly qualified art psychotherapist. I offer in person and online psychotherapy, clinical supervision, parent and professional consultation. I work with young people and adults in person from Derby or online from where ever you live, work or travel to. Contact me to arrange a free Introductory Meeting to talk through your needs and agree on the best plan forward before committing to any work.
07480 485905 View 07480 485905
Photo of Jo Lawson-Webb - Jo Lawson Counselling and Psychotherapy, MUKCP, Psychotherapist
Jo Lawson Counselling and Psychotherapy
Psychotherapist, MUKCP
Verified Verified
Derby DE65
At times life can become difficult and challenging and you maybe experiencing overwhelming feelings and struggling to know what to do. This may be impacting your day to day life and could be due to, but not limited to, stress, anxiety, low self-esteem, anger, relationship struggles, the impact of loss or traumatic events. Acknowledging this and letting go of elements which no longer benefit you may not be easy. I understand this and also recognise by contacting me you have reached a point where you would like some support, therefore I aim to respond to your enquiry promptly.
At times life can become difficult and challenging and you maybe experiencing overwhelming feelings and struggling to know what to do. This may be impacting your day to day life and could be due to, but not limited to, stress, anxiety, low self-esteem, anger, relationship struggles, the impact of loss or traumatic events. Acknowledging this and letting go of elements which no longer benefit you may not be easy. I understand this and also recognise by contacting me you have reached a point where you would like some support, therefore I aim to respond to your enquiry promptly.
01283 372511 View 01283 372511

See more therapy options for Derby

How does your Counsellor compare?

Number of Counsellors in Derby

100+

Average cost per session

£55

Counsellors in Derby who prioritize treating:

91% Depression
91% Anxiety
82% Self Esteem
76% Relationship Issues
76% Stress
72% Bereavement
71% Trauma and PTSD

Average years in practice

8 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

64% AXA PPP
64% Bupa
61% Aviva

How Counsellors in Derby see their clients

79% In Person and Online
21% Online Only

Gender breakdown

89% Female
10% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling

How can I find a therapist in Derby?

Search for nearby therapists or counsellors by inputting your city, postcode, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postcode into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are members of the main professional associations, mainly the British Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy (BACP) and the UK Council for Psychotherapy (UKCP). Most Psychologists in the directory are accredited members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and/or are registered in the Health and Care Professions Council (HPCP).

Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given that professional memberships are not a statutory requirement for psychotherapists and counsellors in the UK, certain qualified professionals or organisations may choose not to maintain such memberships despite possessing the necessary qualifications. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?

Counsellors, psychotherapists and psychologists can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and experience that enable them to do so in the UK. Psychologists have earned a degree in psychology and many are members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and have completed a postgraduate qualification in a specialism. Counsellors and Psychotherapists are not required to have a psychology degree, but to belong to a professional organisation such as the BACP or UKCP, they are required to have completed a training course as well as clinical and supervision hours.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the UK could be between £30 - £60 when seeing a counsellor and £60 - £150 and up when seeing a clinical psychologist. If you have private insurance, your plan may cover some if not all of your sessions. You should contact your insurance provider to determine if they provide coverage for therapy sessions and to determine what, if any, requirements they might have in order for your sessions to be covered, such as a referral from your GP or medical specialist.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. The NHS Talking therapies programme offers free of charge counselling for common mental health problems like anxiety and depression. The service is available to anyone registered with a GP, though you do not necessarily need to be referred by your GP and can refer yourself directly to a Talking therapies service. The service will provide different solutions, including group and individual therapy, for a limited number of sessions which are generally up to six.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postcode.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Therapists who are part of a professional organisation such as the BACP, the UKCP, or BPS are bound by an ethical framework that requires them to uphold a confidentiality agreement. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there has been participation in a criminal act or act of terror, or if there is potential or known harm to the client or others, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.