Dialectical Behaviour (DBT) Counselling in Burton-on-Trent

Photo of Dr Amanda Walker, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych., Psychologist
Dr Amanda Walker
Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Burton-on-Trent DE13
Waitlist for new clients
Eye Movement Desensitisation & Reprocessing, Compassion Focused Therapy and Dialectical Behavioural Therapy.
Hello, I am Amanda and I am a Registered Clinical Psychologist and EMDR Europe Accredited Practitioner who is experienced in working with adults and young adults. Over 14 years I have worked within a number of NHS and private settings. I have vast experience of working with a range of psychological issues including depression, anxiety, trauma and interpersonal/ emotional difficulties. I specialise in Trauma (PTSD) and working with adults with emotional/interpersonal problems linked to childhood. Within my work I utilise several therapeutic approaches which reflects the breath of my training; these include CBT,
Eye Movement Desensitisation & Reprocessing, Compassion Focused Therapy and Dialectical Behavioural Therapy.
Hello, I am Amanda and I am a Registered Clinical Psychologist and EMDR Europe Accredited Practitioner who is experienced in working with adults and young adults. Over 14 years I have worked within a number of NHS and private settings. I have vast experience of working with a range of psychological issues including depression, anxiety, trauma and interpersonal/ emotional difficulties. I specialise in Trauma (PTSD) and working with adults with emotional/interpersonal problems linked to childhood. Within my work I utilise several therapeutic approaches which reflects the breath of my training; these include CBT,
01283 387965 View 01283 387965
Photo of Catherine Kniveton, MA, Psychotherapist
Catherine Kniveton
Psychotherapist, MA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Burton-on-Trent DE14
Hello I’m Catherine , a highly experienced EMDR therapist , Psychotherapist & clinical supervisor . I provide a safe confidential space with compassionate & empathetic support: I am here to listen. I know it can be scary to reach out for support particularly if it's the first time. Feel free to contact me regarding any questions about therapy, myself, your goals or concerns. Sometimes it can be too difficult to talk, I have specialisms in EMDR & Art Therapy to support. I own CK Therapy with a team of couples, DBT, Music, play & person centred therapists if you have any interests in these I can support you. Registered with HCPC.
Hello I’m Catherine , a highly experienced EMDR therapist , Psychotherapist & clinical supervisor . I provide a safe confidential space with compassionate & empathetic support: I am here to listen. I know it can be scary to reach out for support particularly if it's the first time. Feel free to contact me regarding any questions about therapy, myself, your goals or concerns. Sometimes it can be too difficult to talk, I have specialisms in EMDR & Art Therapy to support. I own CK Therapy with a team of couples, DBT, Music, play & person centred therapists if you have any interests in these I can support you. Registered with HCPC.
07730 569162 View 07730 569162
Photo of Sree Devi Sabbavarapu, MBACP, Counsellor
Sree Devi Sabbavarapu
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Burton-on-Trent DE14
I have focused extensively on assisting individuals in overcoming eating disorders, emphasizing the crucial initial steps towards recovery. Additionally, my experience extends to working with survivors of sexual trauma and assault at SARAC, where I provided a safe haven for healing. I've addressed a spectrum of mental health challenges, including depression, phobias, and relationship issues. My journey in the field of mental health began with a Bachelor's in Psychology, which laid the foundation for my subsequent specialized training.
I have focused extensively on assisting individuals in overcoming eating disorders, emphasizing the crucial initial steps towards recovery. Additionally, my experience extends to working with survivors of sexual trauma and assault at SARAC, where I provided a safe haven for healing. I've addressed a spectrum of mental health challenges, including depression, phobias, and relationship issues. My journey in the field of mental health began with a Bachelor's in Psychology, which laid the foundation for my subsequent specialized training.
01283 242349 View 01283 242349
Photo of Alex C Penfold
Alex C Penfold
Verified Verified
Burton-on-Trent DE15
Alex is a Clinical Nurse Specialist who specialises in mental health treatment of children and young adults (up to 25). She is able to work with individuals who are having difficulties with a range of mild to severe mental health conditions and also those with ADHD and/or Autism. Mental health conditions might include anxiety, panic attacks, phobias, depression, post-traumatic stress, self-harm, suicidal thoughts. She is also able to work with families and support networks around an individual.
Alex is a Clinical Nurse Specialist who specialises in mental health treatment of children and young adults (up to 25). She is able to work with individuals who are having difficulties with a range of mild to severe mental health conditions and also those with ADHD and/or Autism. Mental health conditions might include anxiety, panic attacks, phobias, depression, post-traumatic stress, self-harm, suicidal thoughts. She is also able to work with families and support networks around an individual.
01283 387261 View 01283 387261
Photo of Abbie Thompson, MBACP, Psychotherapist
Abbie Thompson
Psychotherapist, MBACP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Burton-on-Trent DE13
I am an Integrative Psychotherapist with experience working with a wide range of issues such as Anxiety, Depression, Bereavement and Relationship Difficulties. I currently work with both adults and adolescents. I can offer integrative theory to best suit to your needs and offer the best therapeutic approach; this can include CBT techniques, Psychodynamic therapy, and the Systemic approach. I have experience working with young people in residential care, in particular children with ASD, ADHD and personality disorders. I can offer both face-to-face and online/telephone appointments.
I am an Integrative Psychotherapist with experience working with a wide range of issues such as Anxiety, Depression, Bereavement and Relationship Difficulties. I currently work with both adults and adolescents. I can offer integrative theory to best suit to your needs and offer the best therapeutic approach; this can include CBT techniques, Psychodynamic therapy, and the Systemic approach. I have experience working with young people in residential care, in particular children with ASD, ADHD and personality disorders. I can offer both face-to-face and online/telephone appointments.
01530 442990 View 01530 442990

More Therapists Nearby

Photo of Dr Anita K Sudan, HCPC - Clin. Psych., Psychologist
Dr Anita K Sudan
Psychologist, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Verified Verified
6 Endorsed
Ashby-de-la-Zouch LE65
I have experience working with young people and adults and I use a range of psychological therapies including DBT, CFT, EMDR.
Life is full of events, relationships, stresses and strains and all these impact on us in many different ways. It can affect all the important things to us such as school, work, relationships and our own perception of ourselves. This can be tiring and overwhelming. Fortunately, it doesn’t have to be this way and I believe strongly that a person can benefit from having a space to discuss their feelings and develop ideas and strategies to improve their emotional wellbeing.
I have experience working with young people and adults and I use a range of psychological therapies including DBT, CFT, EMDR.
Life is full of events, relationships, stresses and strains and all these impact on us in many different ways. It can affect all the important things to us such as school, work, relationships and our own perception of ourselves. This can be tiring and overwhelming. Fortunately, it doesn’t have to be this way and I believe strongly that a person can benefit from having a space to discuss their feelings and develop ideas and strategies to improve their emotional wellbeing.
0116 497 6798 View 0116 497 6798
Photo of Dr Louise Earley - Cura Psychology , PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych., Psychologist
Cura Psychology
Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Lichfield WS13
We have availability in our expert team now for child/family and adult therapy. We recognise that reaching out for help can be a big step. I run Cura Psychology, Lichfield's most established independent clinical psychology, therapy and counselling practice. We are a bespoke team of highly skilled and experienced mental health professionals offering CBT, ACT, trauma treatments, DDP, theraplay, music therapy/art therapy and creative therapies and parenting advice as well as assessments for ADHD and Autism; delivered within a warm and collaborative therapeutic relationship in our beautiful suite. We would love to hear from you!
We have availability in our expert team now for child/family and adult therapy. We recognise that reaching out for help can be a big step. I run Cura Psychology, Lichfield's most established independent clinical psychology, therapy and counselling practice. We are a bespoke team of highly skilled and experienced mental health professionals offering CBT, ACT, trauma treatments, DDP, theraplay, music therapy/art therapy and creative therapies and parenting advice as well as assessments for ADHD and Autism; delivered within a warm and collaborative therapeutic relationship in our beautiful suite. We would love to hear from you!
0121 817 7058 View 0121 817 7058
Photo of Loran Yates, MSc, MBACP Accred, Psychotherapist
Loran Yates
Psychotherapist, MSc, MBACP Accred
Verified Verified
Lichfield WS13
My primary aim is to encourage and support you to make the positive changes you are seeking. I understand that life throws us curve balls which may be challenging, and it may be tricky to balance all of these on your own and so I provide you with an understanding, warm, non-judgemental and confidential space to explore your thoughts, feelings and behaviours. 
My primary aim is to encourage and support you to make the positive changes you are seeking. I understand that life throws us curve balls which may be challenging, and it may be tricky to balance all of these on your own and so I provide you with an understanding, warm, non-judgemental and confidential space to explore your thoughts, feelings and behaviours. 
07480 788176 View 07480 788176
Photo of Klaudia Mody, MSc, BACP, Counsellor
Klaudia Mody
Counsellor, MSc, BACP
Verified Verified
Ashby-de-la-Zouch LE65
Hi, my name is Klaudia. I am a counsellor specialising in working with children and adolescents. I have been providing counselling via various charities and in primary and secondary schools. I am passionate about listening to and empowering young people to work over any issues such as anxiety, bullying, stress, self-harm and low self-confidence because I have seen how these issues impact young people's learning, well-being and relationships with others. Before qualifying with Masters in Counselling, I worked as a secondary school teacher which gave me invaluable insight into the challenges children face in the school system.
Hi, my name is Klaudia. I am a counsellor specialising in working with children and adolescents. I have been providing counselling via various charities and in primary and secondary schools. I am passionate about listening to and empowering young people to work over any issues such as anxiety, bullying, stress, self-harm and low self-confidence because I have seen how these issues impact young people's learning, well-being and relationships with others. Before qualifying with Masters in Counselling, I worked as a secondary school teacher which gave me invaluable insight into the challenges children face in the school system.
01509 275634 View 01509 275634

Online Therapists

Photo of Chloe Johnstone, MBACP, Counsellor
Chloe Johnstone
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Leeds LS12  (Online Only)
Hello, I'm Chloe Johnstone, a dedicated psychotherapist with a passion for supporting individuals. I offer collaborative psychotherapy with my use of the Relational Approach, and my Integrative training allows me to draw from various approaches, such as: Transactional Analysis, Dialectical Behavioural Therapy ( DBT) and Somatic Therapy. Relational psychotherapy emphasises the importance of the therapeutic relationship between the therapist and the client. Together, we would consider the role of interpersonal dynamics and how past relationships, especially in early life, influence your current psychological state.
Hello, I'm Chloe Johnstone, a dedicated psychotherapist with a passion for supporting individuals. I offer collaborative psychotherapy with my use of the Relational Approach, and my Integrative training allows me to draw from various approaches, such as: Transactional Analysis, Dialectical Behavioural Therapy ( DBT) and Somatic Therapy. Relational psychotherapy emphasises the importance of the therapeutic relationship between the therapist and the client. Together, we would consider the role of interpersonal dynamics and how past relationships, especially in early life, influence your current psychological state.
01274 505132 View 01274 505132
Photo of Fiona Wilkinson - Fiona Wilkinson, PsyD, PhD, MNCPS Acc., Psychotherapist
Fiona Wilkinson, PsyD
Psychotherapist, PhD, MNCPS Acc.
Verified Verified
Chesterfield S41
The aim of my approach is to help you learn Cognitive, Dialectical and Rational Emotive Behaviour (CBT/ DBT/REBT) problem-solving skills so you can become your own therapist.
Are you afraid of going out? Do you worry about having a panic attack? Do people make you feel nervous? Do you drink too much in social situations? Do you get upset with people or do they get upset with you? Do you worry about job interviews or exams? Do you have problems maintaining relationships with friends, family or colleagues? Are you sometimes envious of other people’s abilities? For most people a short course of regular sessions will help you take back control of your life and allow you to manage challenges and difficulties in a resourceful way.
The aim of my approach is to help you learn Cognitive, Dialectical and Rational Emotive Behaviour (CBT/ DBT/REBT) problem-solving skills so you can become your own therapist.
Are you afraid of going out? Do you worry about having a panic attack? Do people make you feel nervous? Do you drink too much in social situations? Do you get upset with people or do they get upset with you? Do you worry about job interviews or exams? Do you have problems maintaining relationships with friends, family or colleagues? Are you sometimes envious of other people’s abilities? For most people a short course of regular sessions will help you take back control of your life and allow you to manage challenges and difficulties in a resourceful way.
01246 387338 View 01246 387338
Photo of Leah Zillah Murphy, MBACP Accred, Counsellor
Leah Zillah Murphy
Counsellor, MBACP Accred
Verified Verified
Hebden Bridge HX7  (Online Only)
I may also introduce techniques from other theories such as Gestalt or CBT/ DBT, psychodynamic or compassion focussed therapy depending on your issues and personality.
There are times when we all can struggle to work out a way forward on our own. Voicing what is going on for you in a safe and positive environment can be key. Often we are too critical of ourselves and have had life experiences that negatively impact or devastate us. It can be too difficult to talk to those around us. Taking your time to reflect with an experienced professional can provide you with the strategies to really bring about changes in order to work towards happiness and inner peace.
I may also introduce techniques from other theories such as Gestalt or CBT/ DBT, psychodynamic or compassion focussed therapy depending on your issues and personality.
There are times when we all can struggle to work out a way forward on our own. Voicing what is going on for you in a safe and positive environment can be key. Often we are too critical of ourselves and have had life experiences that negatively impact or devastate us. It can be too difficult to talk to those around us. Taking your time to reflect with an experienced professional can provide you with the strategies to really bring about changes in order to work towards happiness and inner peace.
01422 419550 View 01422 419550
Photo of Shaun Noteman, MNCPS Acc., Counsellor
Shaun Noteman
Counsellor, MNCPS Acc.
Verified Verified
Preston PR2  (Online Only)
As a professional mental health therapist i utilise a range of interventions including counselling, psychotherapy, hypnotherapy, CBT, DBT, EMDR. to support and provide therapy. My work and life experience means i am able to relate well and work with sufferers of anxiety, depression, trauma, mood disorders and developmental disorders such as ADHD, ADD, Spectrum disorders. Additionally, i provide therapy for OCD, phobias and other behavioural issues.
As a professional mental health therapist i utilise a range of interventions including counselling, psychotherapy, hypnotherapy, CBT, DBT, EMDR. to support and provide therapy. My work and life experience means i am able to relate well and work with sufferers of anxiety, depression, trauma, mood disorders and developmental disorders such as ADHD, ADD, Spectrum disorders. Additionally, i provide therapy for OCD, phobias and other behavioural issues.
01772 958120 View 01772 958120
Photo of Dr Tej ., PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych., Psychologist
Dr Tej .
Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Verified Verified
Cambridge CB2
I am trained in Mentalisation Based Therapy, Cognitive Behaviour Therapy, Neuropsychology, Schema Focussed Therapy, DBT, ACT and EMDR.
Dr Tej is Consultant Clinical Psychologist with 25 years clinical experience across Infant, Child and Adult mental health services. In her clinical practice with adults, her expertise is in helping identify and work through intergenerational cycles of trauma – or trauma with a small ‘t’, such as complex developmental trauma/family trauma/narcissistic abuse, scapegoating, chronic shame, feeling stuck not knowing how to break relational patterns. Clients she has worked with report these difficulties in the context of bullying at work, couple /marital/relationship difficulties and attachment/parenting and birth trauma/difficulties.
I am trained in Mentalisation Based Therapy, Cognitive Behaviour Therapy, Neuropsychology, Schema Focussed Therapy, DBT, ACT and EMDR.
Dr Tej is Consultant Clinical Psychologist with 25 years clinical experience across Infant, Child and Adult mental health services. In her clinical practice with adults, her expertise is in helping identify and work through intergenerational cycles of trauma – or trauma with a small ‘t’, such as complex developmental trauma/family trauma/narcissistic abuse, scapegoating, chronic shame, feeling stuck not knowing how to break relational patterns. Clients she has worked with report these difficulties in the context of bullying at work, couple /marital/relationship difficulties and attachment/parenting and birth trauma/difficulties.
07498 181925 View 07498 181925
Photo of Robert Durtnell - Durtnell Psychological Therapies, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych., Psychologist
Durtnell Psychological Therapies
Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Verified Verified
Liverpool L17
I specialise in trauma-informed approaches including CBT, Dialectical Behaviour Therapy, Mentalization Based Therapy, and EMDR.
I currently work part-time in the NHS and part-time in private practice as a HCPC registered principal clinical psychologist. I often help those with severe low mood, anxiety or past trauma experiences which derail them from their personal, social and vocational goals. I apply a range of psychological therapies which are individually tailored to help you with distressing thoughts, feelings (anger, anxiety or low mood), sensations, and self-limiting behaviours. These methods will enable you to manage your distress, move closer to achieving your personal ambitions, reach our potential, and enhance your relationships with others.
I specialise in trauma-informed approaches including CBT, Dialectical Behaviour Therapy, Mentalization Based Therapy, and EMDR.
I currently work part-time in the NHS and part-time in private practice as a HCPC registered principal clinical psychologist. I often help those with severe low mood, anxiety or past trauma experiences which derail them from their personal, social and vocational goals. I apply a range of psychological therapies which are individually tailored to help you with distressing thoughts, feelings (anger, anxiety or low mood), sensations, and self-limiting behaviours. These methods will enable you to manage your distress, move closer to achieving your personal ambitions, reach our potential, and enhance your relationships with others.
01923 961750 View 01923 961750
Photo of Stella Richardson, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych., Psychologist
Stella Richardson
Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Verified Verified
York YO30
I interweave evidence-based therapies including EMDR, CBT, ACT, DBT and CFT to maximise the benefits to you.
Hello, Are you struggling with difficult emotions, repeating patterns in relationships or problematic behaviours? Maybe you've had painful or traumatic experiences...you've tried really hard to resolve things yourself but nothing seems to be working? Perhaps everything is getting on top of you and now you really want to find new ways to cope? Maybe you just want to be able to get on with the business of living your life, your way, whilst feeling at ease with yourself and comfortable in your own skin? If so, I'm so glad you are here seeking professional help and support. Please read on to find out how I may be able to help you.
I interweave evidence-based therapies including EMDR, CBT, ACT, DBT and CFT to maximise the benefits to you.
Hello, Are you struggling with difficult emotions, repeating patterns in relationships or problematic behaviours? Maybe you've had painful or traumatic experiences...you've tried really hard to resolve things yourself but nothing seems to be working? Perhaps everything is getting on top of you and now you really want to find new ways to cope? Maybe you just want to be able to get on with the business of living your life, your way, whilst feeling at ease with yourself and comfortable in your own skin? If so, I'm so glad you are here seeking professional help and support. Please read on to find out how I may be able to help you.
01347 668134 View 01347 668134
Photo of Adriana Kober, MA, HCPC - Clin. Psych., Psychologist
Adriana Kober
Psychologist, MA, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Verified Verified
Worcester WR5  (Online Only)
Clinical Psychologist with HCPC, specialising in trauma. EMDR therapist, CFT therapist, DBT therapist. I am passionate about working with people who are experiencing difficulties in their lives, exploring their life journeys and helping them find new perspectives. I integrate different psychological approaches and adjust and adapt to the Patient.
Clinical Psychologist with HCPC, specialising in trauma. EMDR therapist, CFT therapist, DBT therapist. I am passionate about working with people who are experiencing difficulties in their lives, exploring their life journeys and helping them find new perspectives. I integrate different psychological approaches and adjust and adapt to the Patient.
01905 917048 View 01905 917048
Photo of Miftau Iddrisu, MBABCP, Psychotherapist
Miftau Iddrisu
Psychotherapist, MBABCP
Verified Verified
Manchester M1
Hello My name is Miftau Iddrisu. I am an accredited CBT therapist. I am also a qualified DBT, RO- DBT,EMDR, schema therapist. I also provide hypnotherapy. I work with both young people and adults. I provide Skype treatments and I have experience offering treatment in outside United Kingdom.
Hello My name is Miftau Iddrisu. I am an accredited CBT therapist. I am also a qualified DBT, RO- DBT,EMDR, schema therapist. I also provide hypnotherapy. I work with both young people and adults. I provide Skype treatments and I have experience offering treatment in outside United Kingdom.
0161 850 9443 View 0161 850 9443
Photo of Ellie Ewbank, MSc, MBABCP, Psychotherapist
Ellie Ewbank
Psychotherapist, MSc, MBABCP
Verified Verified
Reading RG30
I take an integrative approach and enjoy complimenting CBT with Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), Compassion-Focussed Therapy (CFT), and Dialectical Behavioural Therapy Skills ( DBT) where appropriate.
I enjoy working with adolescents and adults. My areas of special interest and experience include Depression, Anxiety disorders, low self-esteem, and long-term health conditions.
I take an integrative approach and enjoy complimenting CBT with Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), Compassion-Focussed Therapy (CFT), and Dialectical Behavioural Therapy Skills ( DBT) where appropriate.
I enjoy working with adolescents and adults. My areas of special interest and experience include Depression, Anxiety disorders, low self-esteem, and long-term health conditions.
0118 230 2061 View 0118 230 2061
Photo of Dr Lianne Beadsmoore, PsychD, HCPC - Forensic Psych., Psychologist
Dr Lianne Beadsmoore
Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Forensic Psych.
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Nottingham NG1  (Online Only)
I am trained in various therapeutic modalities, including EMDR Therapy, Compassion Focused Therapy, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, and Dialectical Behavioural Therapy.
My name is Lianne and I am a Chartered and Registered Psychologist and a Qualified EMDR Therapist. I have a broad range of experience in helping individuals improve their mental health and well-being. I am committed to providing a supportive and empathetic environment where you can feel heard, understood, and empowered to make positive changes in your life. Whether you are struggling with anxiety, depression, relationship issues, or any other mental health concern, I provide a safe and non-judgmental space for you to explore your thoughts and emotions.
I am trained in various therapeutic modalities, including EMDR Therapy, Compassion Focused Therapy, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, and Dialectical Behavioural Therapy.
My name is Lianne and I am a Chartered and Registered Psychologist and a Qualified EMDR Therapist. I have a broad range of experience in helping individuals improve their mental health and well-being. I am committed to providing a supportive and empathetic environment where you can feel heard, understood, and empowered to make positive changes in your life. Whether you are struggling with anxiety, depression, relationship issues, or any other mental health concern, I provide a safe and non-judgmental space for you to explore your thoughts and emotions.
01777 802522 View 01777 802522

See more therapy options for Burton-on-Trent

Dialectical Behaviour (DBT) Counsellors

Who is DBT for?

Dialectical Behaviour Therapy (DBT) is designed for people who experience extreme emotional suffering because they lack the skills of emotion regulation and distress tolerance. The basic affliction can underlie a wide range of conditions, from borderline and other personality disorders to PTSD and treatment-resistant anxiety and depression. The therapy is helpful to those whose emotional reactivity is so intense it is disruptive to everyday functioning and leads to frequent crises.

Why do people need DBT?

The ability to regulate emotions is a core psychological skill that enables people to function in life and pay attention to the world outside themselves; it is consistently associated with well-being. DBT is designed to help people learn how to manage and regulate their emotions. Originally developed to treat people with borderline personality disorder whose extreme emotional suffering led to self-harming behaviour and suicide attempts, the therapy is now applied to other conditions involving emotion dysregulation, particularly when other treatments have failed.

What happens in DBT?

Individuals meet weekly with their therapist to discuss their experiences relating to moods, behaviour, and skills. Using checklists they maintain, they review emotional experiences and positive practices they engage in. The diaries help individuals discern what led up to a specific problem encountered, this is followed by discussion of the consequences of their actions. In addition, individuals may meet in class-like small groups to learn skills such as mindfulness, emotion regulation and distress tolerance.

How long does DBT last?

Because it is intended to establish long-lasting behavioural change among those with persistent problems, DBT is designed to last six months to a year. DBT includes both weekly sessions of individual therapy and weekly skills-training sessions conducted in small groups. Studies of DBT have documented improvement within a year of treatment, particularly in controlling self-harmful behaviour; nevertheless, individuals may require therapy for several years.