Psychodynamic Counselling in Bristol

Photo of Anna Clare Benjamin - Counselling With Clare, MBACP, Counsellor
Counselling With Clare
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
Bristol BS8
Drawing on humanistic and psychodynamic approaches, I tailor these to your needs, meeting you with warmth and care.
You may be seeking counselling to make sense of thoughts or feelings, or look at relationships. Perhaps you're struggling with choices, feeling stuck or noticing an unhelpful pattern or past trauma? Above all, you may want something to change. I get how tough it can be to open up. With experience of working with people from a range of ethnic and class backgrounds, faiths, ages and sexualities I aim to build a relationship of trust. Welcoming and getting curious about all parts of you - such as a vulnerable, critical or rebellious part - can build connection to a more whole and vital sense of your Self, opening up more possibilities.
Drawing on humanistic and psychodynamic approaches, I tailor these to your needs, meeting you with warmth and care.
You may be seeking counselling to make sense of thoughts or feelings, or look at relationships. Perhaps you're struggling with choices, feeling stuck or noticing an unhelpful pattern or past trauma? Above all, you may want something to change. I get how tough it can be to open up. With experience of working with people from a range of ethnic and class backgrounds, faiths, ages and sexualities I aim to build a relationship of trust. Welcoming and getting curious about all parts of you - such as a vulnerable, critical or rebellious part - can build connection to a more whole and vital sense of your Self, opening up more possibilities.
01275 403021 View 01275 403021
Photo of Sarah El-Sharkawy, MA, HCPC-Art Therap., Psychotherapist
Sarah El-Sharkawy
Psychotherapist, MA, HCPC-Art Therap.
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Bristol BS5
Using a Psychodynamic framework, Integrative Art Psychotherapy allows the unconscious to communicate through other mediums as well or instead of talking with free assosiation.
Do you or your child need to feel seen, heard and understood? Everyone has a story to tell, by sharing yours, I can help you piece together the puzzle.
Using a Psychodynamic framework, Integrative Art Psychotherapy allows the unconscious to communicate through other mediums as well or instead of talking with free assosiation.
Do you or your child need to feel seen, heard and understood? Everyone has a story to tell, by sharing yours, I can help you piece together the puzzle.
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Photo of Portia Bartlett - Portia Bartlett, Psychotherapist
Portia Bartlett
Psychotherapist
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Bristol BS3
Core Process Psychotherapy integrates mindfulness with contemporary psychodynamic understanding.
I am particularly interested in the mind-body connection and its role in healing unresolved distress. Our bodies recall our emotional pain with more clarity than our brains can remember. In therapy, the safe and confidential relationship we develop will allow you to explore your present-moment experiences. Working collaboratively and creatively, at a pace that feels right for you, we will pay holistic attention to your feelings, thoughts and physical sensations. As your awareness, understanding and compassion grows, this greater clarity can empower you to move towards connection, wholeness and wellbeing.
Core Process Psychotherapy integrates mindfulness with contemporary psychodynamic understanding.
I am particularly interested in the mind-body connection and its role in healing unresolved distress. Our bodies recall our emotional pain with more clarity than our brains can remember. In therapy, the safe and confidential relationship we develop will allow you to explore your present-moment experiences. Working collaboratively and creatively, at a pace that feels right for you, we will pay holistic attention to your feelings, thoughts and physical sensations. As your awareness, understanding and compassion grows, this greater clarity can empower you to move towards connection, wholeness and wellbeing.
0117 463 6875 View 0117 463 6875
Photo of Jamie Smithson, MA, MUKCP, Counsellor
Jamie Smithson
Counsellor, MA, MUKCP
Verified Verified
Bristol BS15
I also draw from psychodynamic theory (how the past affects the present) to help my clients understand themselves on a deep level - A process of making the unconscious conscious.
There are many reasons we seek counselling throughout life. Perhaps you’re feeling sad, depressed, or anxious. Maybe you're going through loss or bereavement, struggling with anger or battling addictions. Or maybe you just don't feel yourself! Whatever it is you bring to counselling, I offer a confidential, non-judgemental and compassionate space to explore, unpack and work through the challenges you are facing.
I also draw from psychodynamic theory (how the past affects the present) to help my clients understand themselves on a deep level - A process of making the unconscious conscious.
There are many reasons we seek counselling throughout life. Perhaps you’re feeling sad, depressed, or anxious. Maybe you're going through loss or bereavement, struggling with anger or battling addictions. Or maybe you just don't feel yourself! Whatever it is you bring to counselling, I offer a confidential, non-judgemental and compassionate space to explore, unpack and work through the challenges you are facing.
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Photo of Nicholas William Fredrick lovelace - brighter pathways, MBACP, Counsellor
brighter pathways
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
Bristol BS1
I am an integrative counsellor that has worked in person centered organisations but I have a strong affiliation towards Psychodynamic counselling.
I am a qualified counsellor and teacher, I have studied Counselling and Substance Misuse at FdSc level and have a Diploma in Social Work, as well as having a wide range of work and life experience. My down to earth nature empowers me to be accessible, approachable and non-judgmental which is an essential part of a successful working therapeutic relationship. Aiding people to work through their own life challenges is my absolute passion and driving force behind Brighter Pathways Counselling.
I am an integrative counsellor that has worked in person centered organisations but I have a strong affiliation towards Psychodynamic counselling.
I am a qualified counsellor and teacher, I have studied Counselling and Substance Misuse at FdSc level and have a Diploma in Social Work, as well as having a wide range of work and life experience. My down to earth nature empowers me to be accessible, approachable and non-judgmental which is an essential part of a successful working therapeutic relationship. Aiding people to work through their own life challenges is my absolute passion and driving force behind Brighter Pathways Counselling.
0117 456 2551 View 0117 456 2551
Photo of Becky Lewis, MA, MBACP, Psychotherapist
Becky Lewis
Psychotherapist, MA, MBACP
Verified Verified
Bristol BS8
psychodynamic, which enables processing childhood issues and repeated patterns, fears, abandonment and attachment issues.
Unexpected life events, such as as death of a loved one, divorce, end of a relationship, loss of employment and sexual/domestic abuse, can be overwhelming that we find ourselves reacting or behaving in uncharacteristic ways such as overcome with anxiety, depression, extreme anger or adopt unhelpful coping mechanisms such as dependence on alcohol or drugs. Therapy provides the opportunity to process such life changing events and examines our response/behaviour as we deal with these issues. It is an opportunity to be truly heard, and heal without fear of judgement, being diminished or shamed.
psychodynamic, which enables processing childhood issues and repeated patterns, fears, abandonment and attachment issues.
Unexpected life events, such as as death of a loved one, divorce, end of a relationship, loss of employment and sexual/domestic abuse, can be overwhelming that we find ourselves reacting or behaving in uncharacteristic ways such as overcome with anxiety, depression, extreme anger or adopt unhelpful coping mechanisms such as dependence on alcohol or drugs. Therapy provides the opportunity to process such life changing events and examines our response/behaviour as we deal with these issues. It is an opportunity to be truly heard, and heal without fear of judgement, being diminished or shamed.
01275 403007 View 01275 403007
Photo of Kayla Dunkley, MNCPS Acc., Counsellor
Kayla Dunkley
Counsellor, MNCPS Acc.
Verified Verified
Bristol BS6
Hello, my name is Kayla! My areas of experience cover anxiety, overwhelm, anger, depression, trauma, abuse, dissociation, avoidance and suicidal ideation. I am currently specialising in psychological trauma and PTSD treatment, which also includes mood stabilisation and emotion regulation. I have experience working with a diverse spectrum of people across the UK. My client base is adults 16+, and I offer both long term and short term therapy, in peson or online. The modalities I draw from are humanistic, psychodynamic and cognitive therapy.
Hello, my name is Kayla! My areas of experience cover anxiety, overwhelm, anger, depression, trauma, abuse, dissociation, avoidance and suicidal ideation. I am currently specialising in psychological trauma and PTSD treatment, which also includes mood stabilisation and emotion regulation. I have experience working with a diverse spectrum of people across the UK. My client base is adults 16+, and I offer both long term and short term therapy, in peson or online. The modalities I draw from are humanistic, psychodynamic and cognitive therapy.
01275 409703 View 01275 409703
Photo of Emmy Lathom, MBACP, Counsellor
Emmy Lathom
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
Bristol BS15
I am a registered counsellor with the BACP and in the final stages of completing a Doctorate in Counselling Psychology. As a neurodivergent therapist, I prioritise creating an accepting space and focus on building a strong therapeutic relationship. I use an integrative approach, drawing on relational psychodynamic, systemic, CBT, and third-wave therapies. I also offer the Rewind Technique for PTSD, this takes two to three sessions and does not require you to disclose any trauma. I work with a variety of clients, including, children, adolescents, adults, couples and families. I offer sessions online and outdoors (walk-and-talk).
I am a registered counsellor with the BACP and in the final stages of completing a Doctorate in Counselling Psychology. As a neurodivergent therapist, I prioritise creating an accepting space and focus on building a strong therapeutic relationship. I use an integrative approach, drawing on relational psychodynamic, systemic, CBT, and third-wave therapies. I also offer the Rewind Technique for PTSD, this takes two to three sessions and does not require you to disclose any trauma. I work with a variety of clients, including, children, adolescents, adults, couples and families. I offer sessions online and outdoors (walk-and-talk).
0117 463 5217 View 0117 463 5217
Photo of Chloe Powell, MBACP, Counsellor
Chloe Powell
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
Bristol BS1
Psychodynamic Counselling is not about giving advice or setting targets, but about providing a safe space to explore your thoughts and feelings in a way which will help you understand yourself more fully.
Searching for the right counsellor can feel daunting. How do you know which one to choose, and who you will be comfortable with? It's a big decision. Let me tell you a little about me and the way I work. I am a dedicated and compassionate psychodynamic counsellor, a member of the British Association of Counsellors and Psychotherapists (BACP) and the British Psychoanalytic Council (BPC). I believe that our past experiences shape who we are today and that by uncovering and understanding unconscious behaviours and choices, we can gain insight and self-awareness, and light the way for future growth.
Psychodynamic Counselling is not about giving advice or setting targets, but about providing a safe space to explore your thoughts and feelings in a way which will help you understand yourself more fully.
Searching for the right counsellor can feel daunting. How do you know which one to choose, and who you will be comfortable with? It's a big decision. Let me tell you a little about me and the way I work. I am a dedicated and compassionate psychodynamic counsellor, a member of the British Association of Counsellors and Psychotherapists (BACP) and the British Psychoanalytic Council (BPC). I believe that our past experiences shape who we are today and that by uncovering and understanding unconscious behaviours and choices, we can gain insight and self-awareness, and light the way for future growth.
01454 800867 View 01454 800867
Photo of Francesca Sciandra, UKCP Trainee, Psychotherapist
Francesca Sciandra
Psychotherapist, UKCP Trainee
Verified Verified
Bristol BS8
My approach blends therapeutic modalities, including hypnotherapy, somatic methods, humanistic counselling, psychodynamic therapy, mindfulness practices, and inner child work.
I provide integrative therapy and counselling for anxiety, relationship challenges, and sexual issues. I specialise in helping people process and heal anxiety and other difficulties affecting their adult relationships and sex lives. Challenges I help people with include healing from childhood abuse and neglect, exploring and resolving relationship issues, resolving sexual issues, exploring attachment issues, including anxious, avoidant, and disorganised patterns, and overcoming anger and jealousy. You deserve an authentic and joyful life.
My approach blends therapeutic modalities, including hypnotherapy, somatic methods, humanistic counselling, psychodynamic therapy, mindfulness practices, and inner child work.
I provide integrative therapy and counselling for anxiety, relationship challenges, and sexual issues. I specialise in helping people process and heal anxiety and other difficulties affecting their adult relationships and sex lives. Challenges I help people with include healing from childhood abuse and neglect, exploring and resolving relationship issues, resolving sexual issues, exploring attachment issues, including anxious, avoidant, and disorganised patterns, and overcoming anger and jealousy. You deserve an authentic and joyful life.
020 3838 0861 View 020 3838 0861
Photo of Doug Teeling, MA, MUKCP, Psychotherapist
Doug Teeling
Psychotherapist, MA, MUKCP
Verified Verified
Bristol BS1
I work in an integrative way, and find psychodynamic and relational approaches in particular offer great insight into how our past can live on in the present.
Whether you have recently experienced a crisis in life, or are dealing with a more prolonged sense of disillusionment, I offer a compassionate space for you to explore whatever issue brings you to therapy. Beginning to talk about yourself and what you are dealing with may feel new or even unnerving, so I am always mindful to work with you at your own pace. In this process many different issues may come up for you, and through talking together we have an opportunity to explore, reflect upon and understand more fully how and why you feel the way you do.
I work in an integrative way, and find psychodynamic and relational approaches in particular offer great insight into how our past can live on in the present.
Whether you have recently experienced a crisis in life, or are dealing with a more prolonged sense of disillusionment, I offer a compassionate space for you to explore whatever issue brings you to therapy. Beginning to talk about yourself and what you are dealing with may feel new or even unnerving, so I am always mindful to work with you at your own pace. In this process many different issues may come up for you, and through talking together we have an opportunity to explore, reflect upon and understand more fully how and why you feel the way you do.
01225 530215 View 01225 530215
Photo of Rebecca Claire Doyle - Room To Grow Counselling and Psychotherapy, MNCPS Acc., Psychotherapist
Room To Grow Counselling and Psychotherapy
Psychotherapist, MNCPS Acc.
Verified Verified
Bristol BS16
I am a qualified integrative psychotherapeutic counsellor and a member of the National Counselling Society. I use an integrative approach drawing on such therapeutic models as Person Centred, Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT), Psychodynamic, Transactional Analysis (TA) and Gestalt. I believe there is no single approach that works for every client in all situations. Integrative counselling provides a unique, flexible and personalised approach that is suited to the individual needs of the client. I offer a safe, calm, non-judgemental and confidential space for you to explore what has brought you to counselling at your own pace.
I am a qualified integrative psychotherapeutic counsellor and a member of the National Counselling Society. I use an integrative approach drawing on such therapeutic models as Person Centred, Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT), Psychodynamic, Transactional Analysis (TA) and Gestalt. I believe there is no single approach that works for every client in all situations. Integrative counselling provides a unique, flexible and personalised approach that is suited to the individual needs of the client. I offer a safe, calm, non-judgemental and confidential space for you to explore what has brought you to counselling at your own pace.
0117 463 7331 View 0117 463 7331
Photo of Kate Burn, MA, HCPC-Art Therap., Psychotherapist
Kate Burn
Psychotherapist, MA, HCPC-Art Therap.
Verified Verified
Bristol BS15
I offer a space for children, young people and their families using a blended approach of art therapy and psychodynamic psychotherapy to come alongside each individual to help them to explore their inner world. With over 15 years of experience working in a number of settings, including schools, charitable organisations and the NHS, I love to meet new people and work together to build a trusting relationship in which thoughts and feelings can be explored and understood. The added dynamic of art and play allows an opportunity for children’s primary mode of communication to enable expression where words sometimes cannot be found.
I offer a space for children, young people and their families using a blended approach of art therapy and psychodynamic psychotherapy to come alongside each individual to help them to explore their inner world. With over 15 years of experience working in a number of settings, including schools, charitable organisations and the NHS, I love to meet new people and work together to build a trusting relationship in which thoughts and feelings can be explored and understood. The added dynamic of art and play allows an opportunity for children’s primary mode of communication to enable expression where words sometimes cannot be found.
0117 463 8779 View 0117 463 8779
Photo of Dr Eoin Earley, DCounsPsych, HCPC - Couns. Psych., Psychologist
Dr Eoin Earley
Psychologist, DCounsPsych, HCPC - Couns. Psych.
Verified Verified
Bristol BS6
I practice integrative therapy, using psychodynamic theory to offer relational therapy.
I believe in the power of opening up, and while I will draw on theory and knowledge to support each individual client, I am led by the client and their individual needs. An ideal client is someone who wishes to build a therapeutic space alongside me, allowing me to facilitate safety and build trust. I am interested in helping others to develop personal growth and insight through the relational dynamics they experience.
I practice integrative therapy, using psychodynamic theory to offer relational therapy.
I believe in the power of opening up, and while I will draw on theory and knowledge to support each individual client, I am led by the client and their individual needs. An ideal client is someone who wishes to build a therapeutic space alongside me, allowing me to facilitate safety and build trust. I am interested in helping others to develop personal growth and insight through the relational dynamics they experience.
0117 428 8154 View 0117 428 8154
Photo of Juliana Garcia, MNCPS Acc., Counsellor
Juliana Garcia
Counsellor, MNCPS Acc.
Verified Verified
Bristol BS1  (Online Only)
My work is informed by Psychodynamic and Existential approaches.
Whatever issues you are facing right now, I offer a safe, confidential and judgement-free space in which we can reflect on them and, by better understanding your conflicts and experiences, grow in self-awareness. I believe in the importance of building a trusting relationship with my clients, so that we can work together towards effecting change and constructing meaningful relationships.
My work is informed by Psychodynamic and Existential approaches.
Whatever issues you are facing right now, I offer a safe, confidential and judgement-free space in which we can reflect on them and, by better understanding your conflicts and experiences, grow in self-awareness. I believe in the importance of building a trusting relationship with my clients, so that we can work together towards effecting change and constructing meaningful relationships.
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Photo of Michelle Gale, MA, MBACP, Counsellor
Michelle Gale
Counsellor, MA, MBACP
Verified Verified
Bristol BS9
Hi, I'm Michelle. I offer counselling to individuals and couples. Life can be challenging and there are times we can feel overwhelmed. I offer a safe and compassionate space to explore the challenges you are facing. I'm trained as an integrative therapist, which means I draw from a range of counselling approaches including Psychodynamic, Person-centred and Gestalt. As each person is unique, I aim to listen and develop a way of working together that fits with your needs.
Hi, I'm Michelle. I offer counselling to individuals and couples. Life can be challenging and there are times we can feel overwhelmed. I offer a safe and compassionate space to explore the challenges you are facing. I'm trained as an integrative therapist, which means I draw from a range of counselling approaches including Psychodynamic, Person-centred and Gestalt. As each person is unique, I aim to listen and develop a way of working together that fits with your needs.
0117 463 4577 View 0117 463 4577
Photo of Chris Northey-Vyse, MBABCP, Psychotherapist
Chris Northey-Vyse
Psychotherapist, MBABCP
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Bristol BS8
I primarily work using a CBT model but draw too on my psychodynamic and attachment training as well as EMDR.
Hi I'm Chris, an accredited CBT therapist, Dramatherapist and EMDR therapist. I work with children, young people and adults that are struggling with a range of mental health difficulties. I have been a therapist for over a decade and I have worked with all age ranges. My education, training and experience in multiple different settings means I am able to relate to what you might need, allowing us to create an effective treatment plan together. I have a collaborative approach as I know that you are the expert of your experiences. We work together to find the tools and techniques that will best help you.
I primarily work using a CBT model but draw too on my psychodynamic and attachment training as well as EMDR.
Hi I'm Chris, an accredited CBT therapist, Dramatherapist and EMDR therapist. I work with children, young people and adults that are struggling with a range of mental health difficulties. I have been a therapist for over a decade and I have worked with all age ranges. My education, training and experience in multiple different settings means I am able to relate to what you might need, allowing us to create an effective treatment plan together. I have a collaborative approach as I know that you are the expert of your experiences. We work together to find the tools and techniques that will best help you.
01225 435158 View 01225 435158
Photo of Rebecca Smith, MNCPS Acc., Psychotherapist
Rebecca Smith
Psychotherapist, MNCPS Acc.
Verified Verified
Bristol BS16
Therefore, I work using a Pluralistic Approach: I draw on different therapeutic models such as Person-Centred Therapy, Cognitive Behavioural Therapy, Psychodynamic Therapy, Transactional Analysis and Gestalt.
I am a warm, empathetic and non-judgemental psychotherapist and counsellor. I have worked with adults, young people and families for many years and am passionate about helping people on their way towards making change and living happier and more fulfilled lives. I offer a safe, non-judgemental environment in which you can explore what is going on for you and the impact this is having on your life. I offer a free, no-obligation, introductory session either on the telephone or online and both short term and longer term counselling is available.
Therefore, I work using a Pluralistic Approach: I draw on different therapeutic models such as Person-Centred Therapy, Cognitive Behavioural Therapy, Psychodynamic Therapy, Transactional Analysis and Gestalt.
I am a warm, empathetic and non-judgemental psychotherapist and counsellor. I have worked with adults, young people and families for many years and am passionate about helping people on their way towards making change and living happier and more fulfilled lives. I offer a safe, non-judgemental environment in which you can explore what is going on for you and the impact this is having on your life. I offer a free, no-obligation, introductory session either on the telephone or online and both short term and longer term counselling is available.
0117 463 7254 View 0117 463 7254
Photo of Monique Fearon, MSc, MBACP, Counsellor
Monique Fearon
Counsellor, MSc, MBACP
Verified Verified
Bristol BS8
I'm particularly attuned to Cognitive Behavioural Therapy, Person-Centred Therapy, Psychodynamic (psychoanalytic) Therapy and Creative Therapy using meditation, voice, breath, bodywork, therapy toys and drawing i.
I'm an Integrative Counsellor & Psychotherapist based in Bristol, providing counselling worldwide. I specialise in tailored therapy for children and young people, with services also available for adults. To explore how I can support you, I offer a complimentary 15-30 minute phone consultation (or Zoom/Skype for international clients). Contact me via Psychology Today or call/text my number to schedule a consultation, or visit my website to book directly.
I'm particularly attuned to Cognitive Behavioural Therapy, Person-Centred Therapy, Psychodynamic (psychoanalytic) Therapy and Creative Therapy using meditation, voice, breath, bodywork, therapy toys and drawing i.
I'm an Integrative Counsellor & Psychotherapist based in Bristol, providing counselling worldwide. I specialise in tailored therapy for children and young people, with services also available for adults. To explore how I can support you, I offer a complimentary 15-30 minute phone consultation (or Zoom/Skype for international clients). Contact me via Psychology Today or call/text my number to schedule a consultation, or visit my website to book directly.
07723 481497 View 07723 481497
Photo of Kate Hall, MBACP, Psychotherapist
Kate Hall
Psychotherapist, MBACP
Verified Verified
Bristol BS1
Waitlist for new clients
I use a psychodynamic approach.
I am a specialist relationship and couples counsellor having trained at Tavistock Relationships, the leading centre of excellence for couple psychotherapy. You might seek help for a specific issue, such as going through a life transition whether that is living together, becoming parents, retiring, experienced a bereavement, or facing illness. You might be struggling to communicate with your partner about your needs, feeling lonely or anxious within your relationship, there has been an affair, or you are struggling to form relationships.
I use a psychodynamic approach.
I am a specialist relationship and couples counsellor having trained at Tavistock Relationships, the leading centre of excellence for couple psychotherapy. You might seek help for a specific issue, such as going through a life transition whether that is living together, becoming parents, retiring, experienced a bereavement, or facing illness. You might be struggling to communicate with your partner about your needs, feeling lonely or anxious within your relationship, there has been an affair, or you are struggling to form relationships.
01454 801782 View 01454 801782
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Psychodynamic Counsellors

Is psychodynamic therapy evidence-based?

Studies have found psychodynamic therapy to be effective in treating conditions like social anxiety, eating disorders, chronic pain, some personality disorders, and depression; indeed, some studies have found it to be just as effective as CBT or medication. What’s more, several studies have found that the benefits of psychodynamic therapy tend to endure—even grow—long after treatment has ended.

How long does psychodynamic therapy last?

Unlike CBT and other more structured forms of therapy, psychodynamic therapy tends to be open-ended and may not be limited to a set number of sessions. It is common for clients to be in therapy for a year or longer and to see their therapist one to three times a week, though the exact schedule and timeline may vary depending on a client’s challenges and progress. However, brief psychodynamic therapy is available, which tends to be more goal-oriented and typically unfolds over 16 to 30 sessions.

Does psychodynamic therapy work?

Research finds that psychodynamic therapy can help someone manage or reduce symptoms of diagnosable mental health conditions like depression or anxiety. The modality may also offer a range of benefits that are harder to measure but just as valuable—such as increased self-worth or healthier relationships. While no therapy type will work for everyone, research and anecdotal evidence suggest that psychodynamic therapy can be highly effective.

What are the limitations of psychodynamic therapy?

Some meta-analyses have concluded that there is little evidence to suggest that psychodynamic therapy can effectively treat certain mental health conditions such as PTSD, OCD, or psychosis, though it is sometimes used to do so. More broadly, the open-ended, free-association structure of psychodynamic therapy may be frustrating for clients who prefer a more structured, time-limited, or goal-oriented approach.