Depression Counselling in Bingham

Photo of Polly Dexter, MUKCP, Psychotherapist
Polly Dexter
Psychotherapist, MUKCP
Verified Verified
Bingham NG13
Hello, I’m a fully qualified Psychotherapist working with adults and young people to help improve well-being and quality of life. I offer short or longer term therapy depending on your needs and wants. If you are feeling low in mood, anxious, overwhelmed or stuck in some way, psychotherapy can help. I firmly believe that we each have the potential to change, grow and heal when we are offered the right support. I have worked with a broad range of people on the issues that are important to them. Themes have included anxiety, depression, complex trauma, loss, neurodiversity, relationship difficulties, addiction, among many others.
Hello, I’m a fully qualified Psychotherapist working with adults and young people to help improve well-being and quality of life. I offer short or longer term therapy depending on your needs and wants. If you are feeling low in mood, anxious, overwhelmed or stuck in some way, psychotherapy can help. I firmly believe that we each have the potential to change, grow and heal when we are offered the right support. I have worked with a broad range of people on the issues that are important to them. Themes have included anxiety, depression, complex trauma, loss, neurodiversity, relationship difficulties, addiction, among many others.
0115 647 8191 View 0115 647 8191
Photo of Christopher McGill, MBACP, Psychotherapist
Christopher McGill
Psychotherapist, MBACP
Verified Verified
Bingham NG13
It is my aim to create a compassionate & safe space where you feel truly listened to & heard. Here we can explore thoughts, feelings & behaviours that may be making life harder with the aim to bring acceptance and then change. I have worked extensively with heightened levels of anxiety, anger issues, depression, patterns of unhelpful behaviours & helped clients to develop & maintain healthier relationships. As an experienced Humanistic therapist I believe that traumatic memories & painful relationships can block our self worth and lead us to take in & believe unhelpful & inaccurate self narratives.
It is my aim to create a compassionate & safe space where you feel truly listened to & heard. Here we can explore thoughts, feelings & behaviours that may be making life harder with the aim to bring acceptance and then change. I have worked extensively with heightened levels of anxiety, anger issues, depression, patterns of unhelpful behaviours & helped clients to develop & maintain healthier relationships. As an experienced Humanistic therapist I believe that traumatic memories & painful relationships can block our self worth and lead us to take in & believe unhelpful & inaccurate self narratives.
01636 556102 View 01636 556102
Photo of Kathryn Wheatley, MNCPS Acc., Counsellor
Kathryn Wheatley
Counsellor, MNCPS Acc.
Verified Verified
Bingham NG13
I work with a range of clients with a variety of needs (such as anxiety, low mood, depression, relationship issues and ADHD) but have a great deal of experience working with bereavement and loss.
Individuals: Are you looking for a warm, compassionate and non-judgmental counsellor to support you in exploring an issue that is distressing you? I welcome you to explore and express all layers of you and your unique experience. You may want to use this time to talk about a specific issue or maybe you would like some space to look at your life in depth. I aim to offer you the support to talk things through to try and make some sense of it all. COUPLES: My role as a Couple’s Counsellor is to support you both in noticing repeating patterns and to re-establish communication and empathy.
I work with a range of clients with a variety of needs (such as anxiety, low mood, depression, relationship issues and ADHD) but have a great deal of experience working with bereavement and loss.
Individuals: Are you looking for a warm, compassionate and non-judgmental counsellor to support you in exploring an issue that is distressing you? I welcome you to explore and express all layers of you and your unique experience. You may want to use this time to talk about a specific issue or maybe you would like some space to look at your life in depth. I aim to offer you the support to talk things through to try and make some sense of it all. COUPLES: My role as a Couple’s Counsellor is to support you both in noticing repeating patterns and to re-establish communication and empathy.
0115 647 0865 View 0115 647 0865
Photo of Elisabeth Joselyn - Physis Counselling and Psychotherapy, MBACP, Counsellor
Physis Counselling and Psychotherapy
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
Bingham NG13
Hi my name is Lizzie, How are you feeling? unhappy, anxious, stressed, angry or depressed, or is there something specific you feel you would like to talk about. Life can be difficult and overwhelming, we sometimes struggle to make sense of our feelings and what is going on for us. We can get stuck and not know how to make life more comfortable. Although that first step can be nerve wracking and sometimes difficult, Counselling can be that first step to making that positive change. This is your time for you, to be listened to and understood and have the the world seen from your perspective, at a pace that is comfortable for you.
Hi my name is Lizzie, How are you feeling? unhappy, anxious, stressed, angry or depressed, or is there something specific you feel you would like to talk about. Life can be difficult and overwhelming, we sometimes struggle to make sense of our feelings and what is going on for us. We can get stuck and not know how to make life more comfortable. Although that first step can be nerve wracking and sometimes difficult, Counselling can be that first step to making that positive change. This is your time for you, to be listened to and understood and have the the world seen from your perspective, at a pace that is comfortable for you.
01636 558782 View 01636 558782
Photo of Dr Rebecca Money, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych., Psychologist
Dr Rebecca Money
Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Verified Verified
Bingham NG13
I am Dr Rebecca Money, a HCPC registered and Nottingham-based Clinical Psychologist. I have over 10 years experience of helping individuals and families who have experienced struggles with their mental health. Sometimes people come to see me if they have a specific area in their life they would like to change. Other times it may be to talk and understand previous experiences, or to explore more about themselves. I aim to offer a comfortable, empathic, and non-judgemental environment, asking questions such as 'what has happened?' rather than 'what is wrong?'. I hope that my sessions offer a space where you feel safe and heard.
I am Dr Rebecca Money, a HCPC registered and Nottingham-based Clinical Psychologist. I have over 10 years experience of helping individuals and families who have experienced struggles with their mental health. Sometimes people come to see me if they have a specific area in their life they would like to change. Other times it may be to talk and understand previous experiences, or to explore more about themselves. I aim to offer a comfortable, empathic, and non-judgemental environment, asking questions such as 'what has happened?' rather than 'what is wrong?'. I hope that my sessions offer a space where you feel safe and heard.
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Photo of Karima Susi, HCPC - Clin. Psych., Psychologist
Karima Susi
Psychologist, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Verified Verified
Bingham NG13
Waitlist for new clients
If you are struggling with overwhelming anxiety, feeling low or lost, finding it difficult to forget the past, or unsure of who you are or what you want to do with your life then I may be able to help. I'm a clinical psychologist with years of experience in working with adults with complex difficulties. I draw on a range of models and work "integratively", which means I adapt evidence-based interventions to meet your specific goals and needs. I always ensure therapy is a collaborative experience. My clients say I am easy to talk to, and therapy sessions often include laughter as well as tears.
If you are struggling with overwhelming anxiety, feeling low or lost, finding it difficult to forget the past, or unsure of who you are or what you want to do with your life then I may be able to help. I'm a clinical psychologist with years of experience in working with adults with complex difficulties. I draw on a range of models and work "integratively", which means I adapt evidence-based interventions to meet your specific goals and needs. I always ensure therapy is a collaborative experience. My clients say I am easy to talk to, and therapy sessions often include laughter as well as tears.
0115 647 3922 View 0115 647 3922
Photo of Alice Tew, MBACP, Psychotherapist
Alice Tew
Psychotherapist, MBACP
Verified Verified
Bingham NG13
Are you exhausted and overwhelmed by the rollercoaster of emotions you’re experiencing? Whether it's difficult family relationships or painful romantic relationships, I understand the shame and exhaustion that comes with never quite feeling good enough. If you have struggled with your mental and emotional wellbeing for a while and are losing that little spark of hope, I can support you to feel more in control and help you begin to develop healthy ways of managing situations that you find overwhelming.
Are you exhausted and overwhelmed by the rollercoaster of emotions you’re experiencing? Whether it's difficult family relationships or painful romantic relationships, I understand the shame and exhaustion that comes with never quite feeling good enough. If you have struggled with your mental and emotional wellbeing for a while and are losing that little spark of hope, I can support you to feel more in control and help you begin to develop healthy ways of managing situations that you find overwhelming.
01949 480409 View 01949 480409
Photo of Sarah Hopton, MSc, MBACP Accred, Psychotherapist
Sarah Hopton
Psychotherapist, MSc, MBACP Accred
Verified Verified
Bingham NG13
As an integrative therapist, I am relational in my approach, this style places great emphasis on the relationship between the client and the therapist. I believe the most important part of any therapy is to build a trusting relationship, where you can feel safe and secure so you feel able to share your story and experiences in a confidential, non-judgmental space where you can explore positive and challenging aspects of your life and any change you wish to explore or make. I have personal experience in sexual, physical, emotional and mental abuse; divorce; living with a narcissist; step-parenting; addiction and PTSD.
As an integrative therapist, I am relational in my approach, this style places great emphasis on the relationship between the client and the therapist. I believe the most important part of any therapy is to build a trusting relationship, where you can feel safe and secure so you feel able to share your story and experiences in a confidential, non-judgmental space where you can explore positive and challenging aspects of your life and any change you wish to explore or make. I have personal experience in sexual, physical, emotional and mental abuse; divorce; living with a narcissist; step-parenting; addiction and PTSD.
01283 260108 View 01283 260108
Photo of Clare Harrison, MBACP, Counsellor
Clare Harrison
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
Bingham NG13
Hi, would you like to address something that is troubling you? You may have a clear idea of what help you want or it may be that you know something isn't right but are unsure what it is and that's okay. Maybe you want to feel better about yourself, reach your potential and feel happier in your relationships? Are you feeling criticised by others? Perhaps you feel invisible, alone and not valued? Maybe you feel dissatisfied with your life, constantly in search of happiness whilst watching others enjoy their lives. Is this affecting your relationships? Are you stuck in this cycle? I know how hard it can be to ask for help.
Hi, would you like to address something that is troubling you? You may have a clear idea of what help you want or it may be that you know something isn't right but are unsure what it is and that's okay. Maybe you want to feel better about yourself, reach your potential and feel happier in your relationships? Are you feeling criticised by others? Perhaps you feel invisible, alone and not valued? Maybe you feel dissatisfied with your life, constantly in search of happiness whilst watching others enjoy their lives. Is this affecting your relationships? Are you stuck in this cycle? I know how hard it can be to ask for help.
01476 850121 View 01476 850121
Photo of Sarah Crutchley, MBACP Accred, Counsellor
Sarah Crutchley
Counsellor, MBACP Accred
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Bingham NG13
A very warm welcome. You may be considering some professional support to help you with life's challenges. I know life can be tough at times for a variety of reasons, and we can find ourselves feeling out of control and under pressure, leaving us struggling and feeling lost, not knowing who to turn to for help and support. It may help you to share your thoughts and feelings, and in doing so you will be positioning yourself in the direction of potential growth, healing and change, which can help you manage your challenges and day to day life.
A very warm welcome. You may be considering some professional support to help you with life's challenges. I know life can be tough at times for a variety of reasons, and we can find ourselves feeling out of control and under pressure, leaving us struggling and feeling lost, not knowing who to turn to for help and support. It may help you to share your thoughts and feelings, and in doing so you will be positioning yourself in the direction of potential growth, healing and change, which can help you manage your challenges and day to day life.
0115 824 5693 View 0115 824 5693
Photo of Claire Marlow - Claire Marlow, MBACP, Psychotherapist
Claire Marlow
Psychotherapist, MBACP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Bingham NG13
Would you like to feel calm and less reactive? Less overwhelmed and more in control? To feel happier in your relationships with others…and with yourself? Sometimes in life, we get “stuck” and feel hopeless, unable to see a way forward. Whether you're plagued by a negative self-image, painful relationships or you're struggling to cope with life, I offer counselling and psychotherapy, to people just like you. I'll empower you to make the changes that you want to make and become the person you were meant to be. Too many professionals promise that they will transform your life! I won't do that - but I know that with my help, you can.
Would you like to feel calm and less reactive? Less overwhelmed and more in control? To feel happier in your relationships with others…and with yourself? Sometimes in life, we get “stuck” and feel hopeless, unable to see a way forward. Whether you're plagued by a negative self-image, painful relationships or you're struggling to cope with life, I offer counselling and psychotherapy, to people just like you. I'll empower you to make the changes that you want to make and become the person you were meant to be. Too many professionals promise that they will transform your life! I won't do that - but I know that with my help, you can.
01949 480446 View 01949 480446
Photo of Rebecca Elston, MSc, MUKCP, Psychotherapist
Rebecca Elston
Psychotherapist, MSc, MUKCP
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Bingham NG13
Not accepting new clients
Hello and welcome. My name is Rebecca, and I am a UKCP registered psychotherapist. I work both short and long term with individuals, groups and couples. Whether you have a specific issue that you would like the space to explore, are dealing with something longer term that is becoming difficult to manage, or would like to understand yourself more deeply, psychotherapy can be a valuable resource. I specialise in working with clients who want to better understand themselves and identity, whether historic events seem to be holding you back, there is a feeling of not fitting in to family or social groups, or struggles in relationships.
Hello and welcome. My name is Rebecca, and I am a UKCP registered psychotherapist. I work both short and long term with individuals, groups and couples. Whether you have a specific issue that you would like the space to explore, are dealing with something longer term that is becoming difficult to manage, or would like to understand yourself more deeply, psychotherapy can be a valuable resource. I specialise in working with clients who want to better understand themselves and identity, whether historic events seem to be holding you back, there is a feeling of not fitting in to family or social groups, or struggles in relationships.
0115 697 2277 View 0115 697 2277
Photo of Charlotte Davies, Psychotherapist
Charlotte Davies
Psychotherapist
Verified Verified
Bingham NG13  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
I am an Accredited Counsellor & Psychotherapist qualified in several types of therapy, this is because I believe everyone to be unique with individual treatment needs. I do not believe in a one size fits all approach and therapy is tailored to each individual, couple or family using a variety of skills and experience to help you achieve the life you deserve. I work with adults, children and teens. I am online or by telephone only.
I am an Accredited Counsellor & Psychotherapist qualified in several types of therapy, this is because I believe everyone to be unique with individual treatment needs. I do not believe in a one size fits all approach and therapy is tailored to each individual, couple or family using a variety of skills and experience to help you achieve the life you deserve. I work with adults, children and teens. I am online or by telephone only.
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More Therapists Nearby

Photo of Sylvia Sanders - Knighton counselling, MBACP Snr. Accred, Counsellor
Knighton counselling
Counsellor, MBACP Snr. Accred
Verified Verified
Nottingham NG1
Anxiety and depression are often presented to me.
I have been in practice for 25 years and during that time helped hundreds of clients with a wide range of emotional issues. I am a compassionate and approachable person that clients trust and feel at ease with. Relationship breakdowns and difficulties can leave people feeling lost and confused counselling can help them through this process of change . Past difficult experiences can have an impact on their lives in a negative way , I can help clients process past trauma so that they can live a more happy life. I was the clinical supervisor at a womens sexual abuse charity and the clinical lead of a cancer charity for 3 years .
Anxiety and depression are often presented to me.
I have been in practice for 25 years and during that time helped hundreds of clients with a wide range of emotional issues. I am a compassionate and approachable person that clients trust and feel at ease with. Relationship breakdowns and difficulties can leave people feeling lost and confused counselling can help them through this process of change . Past difficult experiences can have an impact on their lives in a negative way , I can help clients process past trauma so that they can live a more happy life. I was the clinical supervisor at a womens sexual abuse charity and the clinical lead of a cancer charity for 3 years .
0116 478 2895 View 0116 478 2895
Photo of Caitlyn St John, MSc, MUKCP, Psychotherapist
Caitlyn St John
Psychotherapist, MSc, MUKCP
Verified Verified
Nottingham NG1  (Online Only)
Hi, I'm Caitlyn. I know how overwhelming the search for a therapist can be - especially when life can already feel overwhelming. Many people turn to therapy because they are struggling with depression and anxiety, processing a loss, wanting to understand themselves better, longing to shift areas of stuckness, living with relational difficulties, or experiencing the aftermath of trauma. Therapy can be a place to engage with your story, be met in your pain, understand your patterns of relating, and feel seen.
Hi, I'm Caitlyn. I know how overwhelming the search for a therapist can be - especially when life can already feel overwhelming. Many people turn to therapy because they are struggling with depression and anxiety, processing a loss, wanting to understand themselves better, longing to shift areas of stuckness, living with relational difficulties, or experiencing the aftermath of trauma. Therapy can be a place to engage with your story, be met in your pain, understand your patterns of relating, and feel seen.
0116 502 3637 View 0116 502 3637
Photo of Emma Spencer - Emma Spencer - Interpersonal Therapist
Emma Spencer - Interpersonal Therapist
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Nottingham NG11  (Online Only)
IPT is an effective evidence based therapy focusing on the interplay between Depression and Relationships.
Are you struggling with big emotions? Fear, pain, or maybe you feel empty, numb and unable to get going? Do you feel trapped by your relationships, circumstances or suffer with a lack of confidence to make a change? You may be grieving the loss of an important person in your life. Throughout our lives we have many ups and downs, losses and big changes. Sometimes we can feel alone in our problems. You might feel unable to share some of the thoughts and feelings that you’re having with others due to feeling that you may be criticised, ridiculed or misunderstood. Depression can make us feel disconnected from others and alone in life.
IPT is an effective evidence based therapy focusing on the interplay between Depression and Relationships.
Are you struggling with big emotions? Fear, pain, or maybe you feel empty, numb and unable to get going? Do you feel trapped by your relationships, circumstances or suffer with a lack of confidence to make a change? You may be grieving the loss of an important person in your life. Throughout our lives we have many ups and downs, losses and big changes. Sometimes we can feel alone in our problems. You might feel unable to share some of the thoughts and feelings that you’re having with others due to feeling that you may be criticised, ridiculed or misunderstood. Depression can make us feel disconnected from others and alone in life.
0115 647 7236 View 0115 647 7236
Photo of Carleen Bentley - Halfway Tree Therapy Ltd, MSc, MUKCP, Psychotherapist
Halfway Tree Therapy Ltd
Psychotherapist, MSc, MUKCP
Verified Verified
Nottingham NG7
We are all unique and present different ranges of issues requiring highly tailored therapy. As a UKCP accredited, Clinical Integrative Psychotherapist, qualified (with Distinction), at MSc level. I work in a relational/humanistic way, offering myself, my knowledge, and life experience to an extensive range of clients, to encourage growth and healing. Commissioned to work with the Nottinghamshire Police, BAME Crown Prosecution Service, NHS, whilst supporting Employee Assistance Programmes (EAP) and private patients with issues such as depression, anxiety, trauma and grief, childhood trauma and relationship issues.
We are all unique and present different ranges of issues requiring highly tailored therapy. As a UKCP accredited, Clinical Integrative Psychotherapist, qualified (with Distinction), at MSc level. I work in a relational/humanistic way, offering myself, my knowledge, and life experience to an extensive range of clients, to encourage growth and healing. Commissioned to work with the Nottinghamshire Police, BAME Crown Prosecution Service, NHS, whilst supporting Employee Assistance Programmes (EAP) and private patients with issues such as depression, anxiety, trauma and grief, childhood trauma and relationship issues.
01332 980834 View 01332 980834
Photo of Dr Sheena Parmar, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych., Psychologist
Dr Sheena Parmar
Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Verified Verified
Nottingham NG1
Are you experiencing difficult thoughts and feelings such as anxiety, depression, anger and/or sadness? Do you perhaps find it hard to talk about what is going on for you with people around you including your loved ones? You may be noticing that the way you are coping is not helping you to feel better in the long term. I strongly believe that everyone deserves a chance to learn how to manage difficult things that are going on for them, and to move forward to a place where they can feel positive and their mind is at ease. I can work with you collaboratively, and help you to achieve your goals.
Are you experiencing difficult thoughts and feelings such as anxiety, depression, anger and/or sadness? Do you perhaps find it hard to talk about what is going on for you with people around you including your loved ones? You may be noticing that the way you are coping is not helping you to feel better in the long term. I strongly believe that everyone deserves a chance to learn how to manage difficult things that are going on for them, and to move forward to a place where they can feel positive and their mind is at ease. I can work with you collaboratively, and help you to achieve your goals.
01509 277629 View 01509 277629
Photo of Sarah Graham, MSc, MUKCP, Psychotherapist
Sarah Graham
Psychotherapist, MSc, MUKCP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Nottingham NG1
Therapy can help us to manage our lives and our relationships better, it can lead to more fulfilling relationships and a renewed sense of aliveness. Learning how to manage symptoms such as overthinking, insomnia, anxiety, depression, lack of energy, or an enduring sense of helplessness and despair, can lead to renewed energy and a greater sense of freedom in our lives. In my sessions I often use teaching, in order to help make sense of and understand why you might be feeling the way you do and to help you learn ways to make changes in order to better manage those feelings.
Therapy can help us to manage our lives and our relationships better, it can lead to more fulfilling relationships and a renewed sense of aliveness. Learning how to manage symptoms such as overthinking, insomnia, anxiety, depression, lack of energy, or an enduring sense of helplessness and despair, can lead to renewed energy and a greater sense of freedom in our lives. In my sessions I often use teaching, in order to help make sense of and understand why you might be feeling the way you do and to help you learn ways to make changes in order to better manage those feelings.
07480 784324 View 07480 784324
Photo of Domonic Loone, MBACP, Counsellor
Domonic Loone
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
Nottingham NG12
Sometimes the challenges to our happiness can be complex, arising from anxiety, depression, trauma, or relationship issues. Other times, it may not feel clear, but you can just sense that it might be time to talk about it. Therapy is a chance to explore what you need, and what might help you navigate through your challenges. I'm a person-centred counsellor and therapist in Nottingham and I am here to support you in empowering exactly that sense.
Sometimes the challenges to our happiness can be complex, arising from anxiety, depression, trauma, or relationship issues. Other times, it may not feel clear, but you can just sense that it might be time to talk about it. Therapy is a chance to explore what you need, and what might help you navigate through your challenges. I'm a person-centred counsellor and therapist in Nottingham and I am here to support you in empowering exactly that sense.
0115 647 1170 View 0115 647 1170

See more therapy options for Bingham

Depression Counsellors

What is the goal of therapy for depression?

Therapy for depression has several major goals. One is to relieve the mental pain of depression, which distorts feeling and thinking so that sufferers cannot see beyond their current state of mind or envision feeling better. Another is to give people the mental tools to recognise and correct the kinds of distorted thinking that turn a problem into a catastrophe and lead to despair. Therapy also teaches people how to process negative emotions in constructive ways, so they have more control over their own emotional reactivity. And it helps people regain the ability to see themselves positively, the motivation to do things, and the capacity for pleasure.

What happens in therapy for depression?

Perhaps most important, no matter the type of therapy, patients form an alliance with the therapist; that connection is therapeutic in itself, plus it becomes an instrument of change. Patients learn to identify and to challenge their own erroneous beliefs and thoughts that amplify the effects of negative experiences. They learn to identify situations in which they are especially vulnerable. And they learn new patterns of thinking and behaving. They may be given “homework” assignments in which they practice their developing skills. In addition, good therapists regularly monitor patients to assess whether and how much the condition is improving.

What therapy types help with depression?

Several types of short-term therapy have been found effective, each targeting one or more areas of dysfunction. Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) helps clients challenge their negative thoughts and beliefs, learn new behavioral strategies, and curb reactivity to distressing situations. Behavioural activation (BA) is a form of therapy often used in conjunction with CBT; it focuses on engagement in rewarding activity as a pathway to changing negative feelings and disturbed mood. Another widely used approach is interpersonal therapy (IPT), which targets the social difficulties that both give rise to and get exacerbated by depression. Therapists may combine approaches as needed.

Can therapy for depression be done online?

Studies have found that online therapy can be highly effective for treating depression, although it may be more challenging to build a good therapist-patient alliance on screen than in person—at least at first. However, online therapy can offer considerable advantages. Accessibility and convenience are tops among them. Some people actually find it easier to talk about problems online than in person. While online therapy typically limits visibility of facial expression and body gestures that give important nonverbal cues to a patient’s state of mind, it can give therapists a glimpse into a patient’s world and life, providing information that can be highly useful in guiding therapy.

How effective is therapy for depression?

Many studies show that therapy is highly effective provided that patients complete the prescribed course of therapy, commonly 16 to 20 sessions. Over the long term, it is more effective than medication and the effects are more enduring. As a result, psychotherapy has the power not just to relieve current suffering but to prevent future episodes of the disorder. Therapy reverses the dysfunction in neural circuitry that disposes individuals to a negative view of themselves, the world, and their future and they acquire coping techniques, problem-solving skills, and understanding of their own vulnerabilities that are useful over the course of a lifetime.