Photo of Tunde Hazkoto, BACP, Counsellor
Tunde Hazkoto
Counsellor, BACP
Verified Verified
Are you currently facing challenges in your life or struggling with your health? Are you going through difficult life transitions or feeling lost when it comes to making important decisions? Perhaps you can't quite pinpoint what's bothering you, but you know that something doesn't feel right anymore. No matter the reason that has led you to consider therapy, I am here to help create a safe and supportive environment where you can find the path to a more fulfilling life.
Are you currently facing challenges in your life or struggling with your health? Are you going through difficult life transitions or feeling lost when it comes to making important decisions? Perhaps you can't quite pinpoint what's bothering you, but you know that something doesn't feel right anymore. No matter the reason that has led you to consider therapy, I am here to help create a safe and supportive environment where you can find the path to a more fulfilling life.
01992 927299 View 01992 927299
Photo of Dr Kumar Birch, CPsychol, Psychologist
Dr Kumar Birch
Psychologist, CPsychol
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
I am a Clinical Psychologist specialising in working with men and those struggling in their relationships with men. I provide a safe space where challenges can be voiced honestly and the strategies needed to manage them can be developed.
I am a Clinical Psychologist specialising in working with men and those struggling in their relationships with men. I provide a safe space where challenges can be voiced honestly and the strategies needed to manage them can be developed.
020 3322 1789 View 020 3322 1789
Photo of Annamaria Antoniou, MBACP, Counsellor
Annamaria Antoniou
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
Have you been feeling angry and unsettled; a feeling of dread and don't know why? Perhaps you're restless at night due to fear or worries over school, family or relationship issues.  Feeling low in mood and frustrated with life? I can help you to manage your worries about school, work or family, or anything else; set healthy boundaries in relationships and friendships; to develop ways of coping and taking back control of your life and your emotions. Freeing you from the invisible restraints and creating more space for joy, clarity and peace.
Have you been feeling angry and unsettled; a feeling of dread and don't know why? Perhaps you're restless at night due to fear or worries over school, family or relationship issues.  Feeling low in mood and frustrated with life? I can help you to manage your worries about school, work or family, or anything else; set healthy boundaries in relationships and friendships; to develop ways of coping and taking back control of your life and your emotions. Freeing you from the invisible restraints and creating more space for joy, clarity and peace.
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Photo of Bianka Whynn, MA, MBACP, Psychotherapist
Bianka Whynn
Psychotherapist, MA, MBACP
Verified Verified
Enfield EN1  (Online Only)
I am an Integrative Counsellor and Psychotherapist, who is a free spirited and creative person. My professional background varies from working with mild to severe adult mental health, to working with special needs and hard to reach children and young people in education. During times of uncertainty surrounding us at the moment, where multiple challenges are thrown in our direction, feeling overwhelmed, out of sync, heightened stressed levels, and increased anxiety are very normal. These feelings may have been apparent beforehand and now feel more intense.
I am an Integrative Counsellor and Psychotherapist, who is a free spirited and creative person. My professional background varies from working with mild to severe adult mental health, to working with special needs and hard to reach children and young people in education. During times of uncertainty surrounding us at the moment, where multiple challenges are thrown in our direction, feeling overwhelmed, out of sync, heightened stressed levels, and increased anxiety are very normal. These feelings may have been apparent beforehand and now feel more intense.
020 4524 3011 View 020 4524 3011
Photo of Judith Herbert, DCounsPsych, MUKCP, Psychotherapist
Judith Herbert
Psychotherapist, DCounsPsych, MUKCP
Verified Verified
Therapy can make a difference - it can help you to carry on when you feel that life is impossible. Each of us has our own story to tell, and our own particular reason for choosing therapy. Perhaps you are finding it hard to cope with the end of a relationship? Or feeling the pain of raw grief at losing a loved one? You may have been living with painful feelings and thoughts for a long time, perhaps because of an unhappy relationship with parents or siblings - the effects of dysfunctional relationships can build up over years, affecting your self-esteem and confidence.
Therapy can make a difference - it can help you to carry on when you feel that life is impossible. Each of us has our own story to tell, and our own particular reason for choosing therapy. Perhaps you are finding it hard to cope with the end of a relationship? Or feeling the pain of raw grief at losing a loved one? You may have been living with painful feelings and thoughts for a long time, perhaps because of an unhappy relationship with parents or siblings - the effects of dysfunctional relationships can build up over years, affecting your self-esteem and confidence.
01992 660988 View 01992 660988
Photo of Vicki Smith, DCounsPsych, MBACP, Counsellor
Vicki Smith
Counsellor, DCounsPsych, MBACP
Verified Verified
Perhaps you feel unhappy and dissatisfied within your relationships. You may feel you are treading on eggshells or your thoughts and emotions are affected by other's behaviours. You may need help coming to terms with an upsetting event or support moving into a different chapter of your life. Perhaps you have experienced a loss causing feelings of grief and loneliness that comes in waves. Sometimes we can't figure out why we feel the way we do, we just want it to stop. I create a safe, non-judgemental and confidential space for you to be truly heard. Sharing what's on your mind brings clarity when there is confusion and worry.
Perhaps you feel unhappy and dissatisfied within your relationships. You may feel you are treading on eggshells or your thoughts and emotions are affected by other's behaviours. You may need help coming to terms with an upsetting event or support moving into a different chapter of your life. Perhaps you have experienced a loss causing feelings of grief and loneliness that comes in waves. Sometimes we can't figure out why we feel the way we do, we just want it to stop. I create a safe, non-judgemental and confidential space for you to be truly heard. Sharing what's on your mind brings clarity when there is confusion and worry.
020 3974 1553 View 020 3974 1553
Photo of Karen Linnane, MBABCP, Psychotherapist
Karen Linnane
Psychotherapist, MBABCP
Verified Verified
Waitlist for new clients
Do you feel you are simply functioning rather than truly living? Are you weighed down by difficult past experiences or trauma? Are they defining how you view yourself and the choices you make? Living every day with lower self confidence and self doubt can stop you enjoying what you have in your life now or taking a chance to try something new. It can feel daunting to face this distress, however equally challenging to continue carrying it with you. You may well feel exhausted trying to hold it all together or as though you are missing out on what life could be like.
Do you feel you are simply functioning rather than truly living? Are you weighed down by difficult past experiences or trauma? Are they defining how you view yourself and the choices you make? Living every day with lower self confidence and self doubt can stop you enjoying what you have in your life now or taking a chance to try something new. It can feel daunting to face this distress, however equally challenging to continue carrying it with you. You may well feel exhausted trying to hold it all together or as though you are missing out on what life could be like.
01992 660934 View 01992 660934
Photo of Nicola Wainer Ma, MA, MUKCP, Psychotherapist
Nicola Wainer Ma
Psychotherapist, MA, MUKCP
Verified Verified
I am a Psychodynamic Counsellor, Child and Adolescent Integrative Psychotherapist, Group Facilitator and Supervisor working in Enfield, North London. Either One to One, in open-ended therapy, or solution-focused short-term therapy depending on what is suitable for you at the present time.
I am a Psychodynamic Counsellor, Child and Adolescent Integrative Psychotherapist, Group Facilitator and Supervisor working in Enfield, North London. Either One to One, in open-ended therapy, or solution-focused short-term therapy depending on what is suitable for you at the present time.
07449 753486 View 07449 753486
Photo of Anne McPherson, MA, MUKCP, Psychotherapist
Anne McPherson
Psychotherapist, MA, MUKCP
Verified Verified
Thank you for visiting my profile. I have acquired extensive experience of working alongside adults, adolescents, couples and families. During times of challenge, it can impact us in a variety of ways. Family and Systemic Psychotherapy can be beneficial in creating and supporting an understanding of experiences and views to employ useful changes in relationships.
Thank you for visiting my profile. I have acquired extensive experience of working alongside adults, adolescents, couples and families. During times of challenge, it can impact us in a variety of ways. Family and Systemic Psychotherapy can be beneficial in creating and supporting an understanding of experiences and views to employ useful changes in relationships.
01707 247356 View 01707 247356
Photo of Shivon Genus, MBACP, Counsellor
Shivon Genus
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
Welcome to ReDiscover & Bloom Therapy where the focus is on you! Are you struggling right now and not knowing which way to turn? Reaching out and making changes to your life is not easy. I am passionate about helping people who are experiencing a wide range of difficulties and will support you on this journey by creating a safe, confidential and non-judgmental space for you to feel at ease to talk and feel heard. For some, life can feel like an emotional rollercoaster and as a consequence, you may be left feeling detached from your sense of self and experiencing triggers and want to understand why you feel this way.
Welcome to ReDiscover & Bloom Therapy where the focus is on you! Are you struggling right now and not knowing which way to turn? Reaching out and making changes to your life is not easy. I am passionate about helping people who are experiencing a wide range of difficulties and will support you on this journey by creating a safe, confidential and non-judgmental space for you to feel at ease to talk and feel heard. For some, life can feel like an emotional rollercoaster and as a consequence, you may be left feeling detached from your sense of self and experiencing triggers and want to understand why you feel this way.
01992 662570 View 01992 662570
Photo of Mina Arvanitopoulou Clinical Psychologist, MSc, HCPC - Clin. Psych., Psychologist
Mina Arvanitopoulou Clinical Psychologist
Psychologist, MSc, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Within my 17 years of experience I have helped thousands of people feeling low, stressed, anxious, having difficulties at work or in their relationships, struggling with their physical health, feeling angry, stuck, afraid or confused or wanting to make lasting changes in their lives. I offer psychological therapy for: • Stress, Anxiety, Burn out • Low mood, depression • Imposter syndrome •Work related stress • Panic attacks, phobias • Trauma • Relationship difficulties • Low self-esteem • Adjustment difficulties, coping with transition and life change, bereavement • Cardiac conditions, long covid, amongst other difficulties.
Within my 17 years of experience I have helped thousands of people feeling low, stressed, anxious, having difficulties at work or in their relationships, struggling with their physical health, feeling angry, stuck, afraid or confused or wanting to make lasting changes in their lives. I offer psychological therapy for: • Stress, Anxiety, Burn out • Low mood, depression • Imposter syndrome •Work related stress • Panic attacks, phobias • Trauma • Relationship difficulties • Low self-esteem • Adjustment difficulties, coping with transition and life change, bereavement • Cardiac conditions, long covid, amongst other difficulties.
01992 929617 View 01992 929617
Photo of Isabelle Petronic, MSc, MBABCP, Psychotherapist
Isabelle Petronic
Psychotherapist, MSc, MBABCP
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Common difficulties I work with are depression and anxiety, low self-esteem and trauma. This means you might be struggling to manage stressors in your daily life, often feeling overwhelmed and that life is just too much to cope with. You might be struggling with socialising or managing day to day life tasks or finding it hard to move on from a difficult or traumatic experience, despite it being in the past. My aim as a therapist is to help you develop the skills and tools you need to manage life’s challenges again and to help you feel hopeful about the future.
Common difficulties I work with are depression and anxiety, low self-esteem and trauma. This means you might be struggling to manage stressors in your daily life, often feeling overwhelmed and that life is just too much to cope with. You might be struggling with socialising or managing day to day life tasks or finding it hard to move on from a difficult or traumatic experience, despite it being in the past. My aim as a therapist is to help you develop the skills and tools you need to manage life’s challenges again and to help you feel hopeful about the future.
01992 940646 View 01992 940646
Photo of Maria Aristidou, MBACP, Counsellor
Maria Aristidou
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
I provide counselling and psychotherapy sessions for adults in North London, covering Enfield, Barnet and Southgate. I mainly work in person and online. I work with individuals who have been affected by current or early life traumas such as the loss of a loved one, sexual abuse, physical abuse and emotional neglect. I also work with parents and couples impacted by trauma, who struggle in their relationships with their children and one another. Therapy plays a crucial part in supporting you to understand how 'your' trauma has impacted your psychological well-being as well as helping you to significantly cope better in your life.
I provide counselling and psychotherapy sessions for adults in North London, covering Enfield, Barnet and Southgate. I mainly work in person and online. I work with individuals who have been affected by current or early life traumas such as the loss of a loved one, sexual abuse, physical abuse and emotional neglect. I also work with parents and couples impacted by trauma, who struggle in their relationships with their children and one another. Therapy plays a crucial part in supporting you to understand how 'your' trauma has impacted your psychological well-being as well as helping you to significantly cope better in your life.
020 3912 8207 View 020 3912 8207
Photo of Amy Gower - Higher Vibes Corner
Higher Vibes Corner
Verified Verified
I have over 20 years personal experience of counselling and alternative therapy. Training professionally for over 8 years in energy medicine, including Reiki, Breath4LifeTM Breath Work Therapy and Shamanic Medicine Wheel & Healing Tools. I provide mental, emotional and spiritual support. I am a guide for your mind, body and spirit. To hold you through your growth, changes and healing.​ I'll work with you on a deep, holistic level, going deeper than the symptom, issue or diagnosis, and treat you as a whole. Guiding you to the root causes of your imbalances, on a deep sub-conscious level. Helping bring you back to centre.
I have over 20 years personal experience of counselling and alternative therapy. Training professionally for over 8 years in energy medicine, including Reiki, Breath4LifeTM Breath Work Therapy and Shamanic Medicine Wheel & Healing Tools. I provide mental, emotional and spiritual support. I am a guide for your mind, body and spirit. To hold you through your growth, changes and healing.​ I'll work with you on a deep, holistic level, going deeper than the symptom, issue or diagnosis, and treat you as a whole. Guiding you to the root causes of your imbalances, on a deep sub-conscious level. Helping bring you back to centre.
01895 545621 View 01895 545621
Photo of Noomi Sylvia Bates, MSc, MBACP, Counsellor
Noomi Sylvia Bates
Counsellor, MSc, MBACP
Verified Verified
I am a warm & empathic integrative counsellor working to help you with your everyday concerns and mental health challenges. I am committed to helping you build positive mental health & reach your full potential, whatever that looks like for you. You might wonder how I work; I am an Integrative counsellor combining three approaches; I am person centred at the core meaning that I am client led, you are in charge of the focus/concerns of your sessions. I also use a psychodynamic approach to explore your past and cognitive behavioural approach to think about how to deal with everyday unhelpful thinking, all according to your needs.
I am a warm & empathic integrative counsellor working to help you with your everyday concerns and mental health challenges. I am committed to helping you build positive mental health & reach your full potential, whatever that looks like for you. You might wonder how I work; I am an Integrative counsellor combining three approaches; I am person centred at the core meaning that I am client led, you are in charge of the focus/concerns of your sessions. I also use a psychodynamic approach to explore your past and cognitive behavioural approach to think about how to deal with everyday unhelpful thinking, all according to your needs.
01992 927813 View 01992 927813
Photo of Kafele Tudor-Rosa, MBACP, Psychotherapist
Kafele Tudor-Rosa
Psychotherapist, MBACP
Verified Verified
As a psychodynamic counsellor I provide a safe, non-judgemental space where experiences, thoughts, feelings and desires can be considered. I encourage individual modes of communication, so you can bring yourself and not an expectation of who you should be to our sessions. I am registered with the British Psychoanalytic Council (BPC) and British Psychotherapy Foundation (BPF) and am a Member of the British Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy (BACP). I have a MSc in Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy Clinical Practice and Research Methods from the University of Exeter.
As a psychodynamic counsellor I provide a safe, non-judgemental space where experiences, thoughts, feelings and desires can be considered. I encourage individual modes of communication, so you can bring yourself and not an expectation of who you should be to our sessions. I am registered with the British Psychoanalytic Council (BPC) and British Psychotherapy Foundation (BPF) and am a Member of the British Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy (BACP). I have a MSc in Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy Clinical Practice and Research Methods from the University of Exeter.
01992 940647 View 01992 940647
Photo of Tania Gessi, MSc, MBACP, Psychotherapist
Tania Gessi
Psychotherapist, MSc, MBACP
Verified Verified
Do you feel stuck in the same relationships patterns? Are you lacking motivation, feeling anxious, lonely or disconnected, experiencing low self-esteem, or simply sensing that something isn’t quite right? These feelings are more common than you think, and you’re not alone in experiencing them. As a qualified psychotherapist, I'm dedicated to helping you navigate these challenges. Together, we will recognise and break free from self-defeating patterns. You will have the opportunity to reconnect with your innate worth, and develop effective coping strategies.
Do you feel stuck in the same relationships patterns? Are you lacking motivation, feeling anxious, lonely or disconnected, experiencing low self-esteem, or simply sensing that something isn’t quite right? These feelings are more common than you think, and you’re not alone in experiencing them. As a qualified psychotherapist, I'm dedicated to helping you navigate these challenges. Together, we will recognise and break free from self-defeating patterns. You will have the opportunity to reconnect with your innate worth, and develop effective coping strategies.
01992 940627 View 01992 940627
Photo of Sue F Stephens, MSc, MBACP Accred, Psychotherapist
Sue F Stephens
Psychotherapist, MSc, MBACP Accred
Verified Verified
Not accepting new clients
Sometimes coping with life can become problematic because situations may lead us along a difficult pathway. We may try to understand our own behaviours, thoughts and emotions and those of others, but coping may not be easy. I regard each person as an individual in their own right, so my practice aims to suit diverse clients' needs. I bring together a variety of techniques to support people of all ages with a range of issues.
Sometimes coping with life can become problematic because situations may lead us along a difficult pathway. We may try to understand our own behaviours, thoughts and emotions and those of others, but coping may not be easy. I regard each person as an individual in their own right, so my practice aims to suit diverse clients' needs. I bring together a variety of techniques to support people of all ages with a range of issues.
01992 927809 View 01992 927809
Photo of Sharon Frazer-Carroll, MSc, BPC, Counsellor
Sharon Frazer-Carroll
Counsellor, MSc, BPC
Verified Verified
I am an experienced Psychodynamic Counsellor, who has worked in a range of settings and sectors, with a wide range of clients. My way of working involves helping clients to gain increased understanding of the way events in the past continue to influence present circumstances. A specialist in transcultural and inclusive therapy, clients see me for a range of reasons: including: anxiety, depression, feeling overwhelmed / stuck / confused or being out of sorts for no particular reason. I offer open ended therapy (where the client decides when they are ready to leave counselling) and fixed term sessions according to client need.
I am an experienced Psychodynamic Counsellor, who has worked in a range of settings and sectors, with a wide range of clients. My way of working involves helping clients to gain increased understanding of the way events in the past continue to influence present circumstances. A specialist in transcultural and inclusive therapy, clients see me for a range of reasons: including: anxiety, depression, feeling overwhelmed / stuck / confused or being out of sorts for no particular reason. I offer open ended therapy (where the client decides when they are ready to leave counselling) and fixed term sessions according to client need.
07427 541033 View 07427 541033
Photo of Leila Marr, MBACP, Psychotherapist
Leila Marr
Psychotherapist, MBACP
Verified Verified
Feeling overwhelmed; anxiety is on the rise; heart is continuously racing; having constant negative thoughts and your usual survival techniques are not working; then please, stop, pause and breathe. These are signs that it may be a good time to seek help. If you are reading this right now, then you are already taking that first step. As a qualified counsellor, I have experience working with a wide range of clients who are dealing with anxiety, depression, burn out, stress and low self esteem. Life is complex and sometimes you cannot do it alone. This is where I hope to be able to help you find who you are and your true potential.
Feeling overwhelmed; anxiety is on the rise; heart is continuously racing; having constant negative thoughts and your usual survival techniques are not working; then please, stop, pause and breathe. These are signs that it may be a good time to seek help. If you are reading this right now, then you are already taking that first step. As a qualified counsellor, I have experience working with a wide range of clients who are dealing with anxiety, depression, burn out, stress and low self esteem. Life is complex and sometimes you cannot do it alone. This is where I hope to be able to help you find who you are and your true potential.
01992 945248 View 01992 945248
1

See more therapy options for EN1

How does your Counsellor compare?

Number of Counsellors in EN1

80+

Average cost per session

£60

Counsellors in EN1 who prioritize treating:

98% Anxiety
95% Depression
88% Self Esteem
86% Stress
80% Relationship Issues
67% Bereavement
67% Trauma and PTSD

Average years in practice

8 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

64% Vitality
55% Aviva
55% AXA PPP

How Counsellors in EN1 see their clients

86% In Person and Online
14% Online Only

Gender breakdown

88% Female
12% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling

How can I find a therapist in EN1?

Search for nearby therapists or counsellors by inputting your city, postcode, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postcode into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are members of the main professional associations, mainly the British Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy (BACP) and the UK Council for Psychotherapy (UKCP). Most Psychologists in the directory are accredited members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and/or are registered in the Health and Care Professions Council (HPCP).

Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given that professional memberships are not a statutory requirement for psychotherapists and counsellors in the UK, certain qualified professionals or organisations may choose not to maintain such memberships despite possessing the necessary qualifications. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?

Counsellors, psychotherapists and psychologists can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and experience that enable them to do so in the UK. Psychologists have earned a degree in psychology and many are members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and have completed a postgraduate qualification in a specialism. Counsellors and Psychotherapists are not required to have a psychology degree, but to belong to a professional organisation such as the BACP or UKCP, they are required to have completed a training course as well as clinical and supervision hours.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the UK could be between £30 - £60 when seeing a counsellor and £60 - £150 and up when seeing a clinical psychologist. If you have private insurance, your plan may cover some if not all of your sessions. You should contact your insurance provider to determine if they provide coverage for therapy sessions and to determine what, if any, requirements they might have in order for your sessions to be covered, such as a referral from your GP or medical specialist.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. The NHS Talking therapies programme offers free of charge counselling for common mental health problems like anxiety and depression. The service is available to anyone registered with a GP, though you do not necessarily need to be referred by your GP and can refer yourself directly to a Talking therapies service. The service will provide different solutions, including group and individual therapy, for a limited number of sessions which are generally up to six.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postcode.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Therapists who are part of a professional organisation such as the BACP, the UKCP, or BPS are bound by an ethical framework that requires them to uphold a confidentiality agreement. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there has been participation in a criminal act or act of terror, or if there is potential or known harm to the client or others, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.