Counselling in EC3V
![Photo of Sonja De Martini, MSc, MBACP, Psychotherapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/06aad6e1-54ae-45d8-b1b1-c9def1ff335a/1/320x400.jpeg)
The fact that you're here suggests a curiosity and a need to find someone to listen and to help you think about your current situation. It takes courage to reach out and connect with someone unknown to talk about feelings and emotions. Therapy offers a safe space to do so where you are met with warmth and empathy. I offer a comfortable non-judgemental confidential space where we can work together to make things better by making sense of your experiences.
The fact that you're here suggests a curiosity and a need to find someone to listen and to help you think about your current situation. It takes courage to reach out and connect with someone unknown to talk about feelings and emotions. Therapy offers a safe space to do so where you are met with warmth and empathy. I offer a comfortable non-judgemental confidential space where we can work together to make things better by making sense of your experiences.
![Photo of Brieanne Doyle, MSc, MBACP, Counsellor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/ce8d93d7-2494-4d9d-8b99-e19334d407a7/2/320x400.jpeg)
As a high achiever you are used to success. You work hard, you enjoy work and you have meaningful relationships, but something is missing. You've tried all manner of ways to fill this gap - working more, working harder, prioritising your personal life, your health, your relationships - but it never quite fits. You wonder how you can achieve at work, but not in other areas of your life? Will it always be this exhausting? What if you could ditch the hustle and find a different way to show up in your life, your work, your relationships?
As a high achiever you are used to success. You work hard, you enjoy work and you have meaningful relationships, but something is missing. You've tried all manner of ways to fill this gap - working more, working harder, prioritising your personal life, your health, your relationships - but it never quite fits. You wonder how you can achieve at work, but not in other areas of your life? Will it always be this exhausting? What if you could ditch the hustle and find a different way to show up in your life, your work, your relationships?
![Photo of Joanna Wajszczuk, MUKCP, Psychotherapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/4024f198-ca60-42cf-8f36-0e4bae45702c/2/320x400.jpeg)
I am an accredited UKCP Gestalt Psychotherapist working in English and Polish. I have been working as a psychotherapist in private practice for over 10 years. Before becoming a psychotherapist I have worked in various mental health settings – social care, outreach support, family support, supported living accommodations, project management, NHS and Mind.
I am an accredited UKCP Gestalt Psychotherapist working in English and Polish. I have been working as a psychotherapist in private practice for over 10 years. Before becoming a psychotherapist I have worked in various mental health settings – social care, outreach support, family support, supported living accommodations, project management, NHS and Mind.
![Photo of Dr Christopher McCormack, HCPC - Clin. Psych., Psychologist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/72c2a4af-5f9e-443f-812d-91419645f0a4/2/320x400.jpeg)
I am a Clinical Psychologist who offers psychological assessment and treatment for a wide range of difficulties. In my NHS posts, I work in an HIV & Sexual Health service and a specialist mental health team that provides input to inpatients and outpatients struggling with physical health problems. I am particularly experienced at seeing people and couples presenting with sexual difficulties, such as painful sex or unreliable erections. I also have a specialist interest in anxiety disorders and the application of cognitive behavioural therapy in its treatment.
I am a Clinical Psychologist who offers psychological assessment and treatment for a wide range of difficulties. In my NHS posts, I work in an HIV & Sexual Health service and a specialist mental health team that provides input to inpatients and outpatients struggling with physical health problems. I am particularly experienced at seeing people and couples presenting with sexual difficulties, such as painful sex or unreliable erections. I also have a specialist interest in anxiety disorders and the application of cognitive behavioural therapy in its treatment.
![Photo of Nicola Moore, MUKCP, Psychotherapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/7125f59c-c6d3-42c2-9887-e78d88f132cd/2/320x400.jpeg)
I am a fully qualified psychotherapist working with adults in both private practice and the NHS. Although I have a practice in London I am currently working entirely via VC and able to take on new clients. I work largely in the psychodynamic model but always remain flexible to offer the best possible help. I encourage open-ended therapy for the most opportunity for change, growth, and support but also I am happy to offer time-limited/short-term therapy if that is what might suit you better. I am registered with all the major private healthcare providers should you wish to apply via them. Please see my website for more details
I am a fully qualified psychotherapist working with adults in both private practice and the NHS. Although I have a practice in London I am currently working entirely via VC and able to take on new clients. I work largely in the psychodynamic model but always remain flexible to offer the best possible help. I encourage open-ended therapy for the most opportunity for change, growth, and support but also I am happy to offer time-limited/short-term therapy if that is what might suit you better. I am registered with all the major private healthcare providers should you wish to apply via them. Please see my website for more details
![Photo of Ana Castro, MSc, PNCPS Acc., Counsellor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/7a25e79b-93e3-4b96-95a1-3238074dface/1/320x400.jpeg)
Hello & Welcome! If you are looking for support with mental health issues or feelings of increased stress and frustration, I am here to help. Taking the step to seek professional help can be a big step to take, as it requires you to make some changes. By reaching out beyond your immediate circle, you have already shown great courage. It's important to find a qualified, skilled, experienced, and accredited practitioner. Equally important is finding someone you can connect with, who listens with genuine understanding and empathy. Based on my experience, these are the catalysts for change that I offer my clients.
Hello & Welcome! If you are looking for support with mental health issues or feelings of increased stress and frustration, I am here to help. Taking the step to seek professional help can be a big step to take, as it requires you to make some changes. By reaching out beyond your immediate circle, you have already shown great courage. It's important to find a qualified, skilled, experienced, and accredited practitioner. Equally important is finding someone you can connect with, who listens with genuine understanding and empathy. Based on my experience, these are the catalysts for change that I offer my clients.
![Photo of Collin Siemer, MSc, MUKCP, Psychotherapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/ec590ac6-e419-44de-a0bb-5a730dab8c58/1/320x400.jpeg)
In my practice, I create a warm, nurturing, and confidential environment where you can openly explore how you became who you are and grow to understand yourself better. I am committed to maintaining an unwavering sense of respect, empathy, and non-judgment, ensuring that you feel heard and understood.
In my practice, I create a warm, nurturing, and confidential environment where you can openly explore how you became who you are and grow to understand yourself better. I am committed to maintaining an unwavering sense of respect, empathy, and non-judgment, ensuring that you feel heard and understood.
![Photo of Elena Shah, DCounsPsych, MBACP, Psychotherapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/e9fc9a6a-fb61-4b35-838d-47f4a80741ed/1/320x400.jpeg)
Most of us feel like we need extra support at one point or another in our lives. We might be feeling adrift or unable to navigate life’s obstacles or we might feel incapable of verbalising what is getting in the way of leading a joyful life. We may sense that we need to make a change but we don’t know where to start. Talking to friends or family might feel uncomfortable or even impossible, which can leave us feeling lonely and unsure if we will ever feel happy again. My role is to provide you with a safe space where, together, we can make sense of your thoughts and feelings and enable you to make positive and lasting change.
Most of us feel like we need extra support at one point or another in our lives. We might be feeling adrift or unable to navigate life’s obstacles or we might feel incapable of verbalising what is getting in the way of leading a joyful life. We may sense that we need to make a change but we don’t know where to start. Talking to friends or family might feel uncomfortable or even impossible, which can leave us feeling lonely and unsure if we will ever feel happy again. My role is to provide you with a safe space where, together, we can make sense of your thoughts and feelings and enable you to make positive and lasting change.
![Photo of Daniele Grainger, MBACP, Counsellor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/fe9b6073-a67c-4420-94f0-2050bd3eab22/1/320x400.jpeg)
Do you have a feel anxious, depressed, have low self-esteem / low self confidence or a general feeling that things aren't right? Do you repeat the same behaviour/relationship patterns despite wanting to change? Do you feel stuck, or have difficulty letting go of negative thoughts? Counselling is a unique opportunity to understand how your experiences of the world impact on your life and relationships. If are looking to work through issues like anxiety, depression, trauma, setting healthy boundaries, co-dependency or narcissistic abuse, to improve self-esteem and feel connected to yourself and others, I can help.
Do you have a feel anxious, depressed, have low self-esteem / low self confidence or a general feeling that things aren't right? Do you repeat the same behaviour/relationship patterns despite wanting to change? Do you feel stuck, or have difficulty letting go of negative thoughts? Counselling is a unique opportunity to understand how your experiences of the world impact on your life and relationships. If are looking to work through issues like anxiety, depression, trauma, setting healthy boundaries, co-dependency or narcissistic abuse, to improve self-esteem and feel connected to yourself and others, I can help.
![Photo of Dr Sasha Somasekar, DCounsPsych, HCPC - Couns. Psych., Psychologist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/608a0707-93e6-490c-bdd7-50752e034c58/2/320x400.jpeg)
Life can present us with challenges we may struggle to cope with, leaving us feeling lost and unable to engage with life in the way we want to. Therapy can provide a source of support that helps you learn more about yourself and your difficulties, increase your self awareness, and feel more empowered.
Life can present us with challenges we may struggle to cope with, leaving us feeling lost and unable to engage with life in the way we want to. Therapy can provide a source of support that helps you learn more about yourself and your difficulties, increase your self awareness, and feel more empowered.
![Photo of Ruth M Shelley, HCPC - Couns. Psych., Psychologist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/6126e9c1-3995-46d6-be57-5df2137f33c4/2/320x400.jpeg)
You don’t have to suffer alone. In fact, exploring together, we are likely to find sense and meaning in any suffering as well as signs of your unique self and your potential to live a more fulfilling life. ‘Personal Consultancy’ is the official label for the way I work, combining the best of the main talking cures (counselling, psychotherapy and life coaching). I am a Chartered Psychologist and Associate Fellow of the British Psychology Society, with almost 30 years of experience.
You don’t have to suffer alone. In fact, exploring together, we are likely to find sense and meaning in any suffering as well as signs of your unique self and your potential to live a more fulfilling life. ‘Personal Consultancy’ is the official label for the way I work, combining the best of the main talking cures (counselling, psychotherapy and life coaching). I am a Chartered Psychologist and Associate Fellow of the British Psychology Society, with almost 30 years of experience.
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![Photo of Laura Drane, MA, MBACP, Psychotherapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/6f4d6526-432e-4d26-8009-5248cb20d2e3/2/320x400.jpeg)
Do you suffer with addictive and self-sabotaging behaviours? Keep repeating destructive patterns? Need help to stop addictive and compulsive actions? You may have a history of staying in and returning to unfulfilling relationships. You may suspect that you suffer with codependence, love addiction, or an addiction to sex and pornography. I can help you uncover answers. I provide a compassionate and straightforward approach to therapy. Together we will explore your current circumstances and look for the reasons behind them. Then we will work towards a solution.
Do you suffer with addictive and self-sabotaging behaviours? Keep repeating destructive patterns? Need help to stop addictive and compulsive actions? You may have a history of staying in and returning to unfulfilling relationships. You may suspect that you suffer with codependence, love addiction, or an addiction to sex and pornography. I can help you uncover answers. I provide a compassionate and straightforward approach to therapy. Together we will explore your current circumstances and look for the reasons behind them. Then we will work towards a solution.
![Photo of Dr Jessica Bird, PhD, HCPC - Clin. Psych., Psychologist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/15a03c2a-d016-48f6-9518-4d08bca50db2/1/320x400.jpeg)
I am passionate about helping young people overcome distressing experiences and get back to living their life to the full. I am a qualified clinical psychologist, cognitive behavioural therapist, and EMDR therapist. I have worked for many years in the NHS and specialise in treating adolescents and young adults with mental health problems. My areas of expertise include the psychological treatment of psychosis, paranoia, trauma/PTSD, OCD, phobias, and sleep problems.
I am passionate about helping young people overcome distressing experiences and get back to living their life to the full. I am a qualified clinical psychologist, cognitive behavioural therapist, and EMDR therapist. I have worked for many years in the NHS and specialise in treating adolescents and young adults with mental health problems. My areas of expertise include the psychological treatment of psychosis, paranoia, trauma/PTSD, OCD, phobias, and sleep problems.
![Photo of Dr Anne Li, PsychD, HCPC - Couns. Psych., Psychologist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/90d18a2a-1275-4512-89a6-16ac0849e711/2/320x400.png)
Dr Anne Li is a Chartered Counselling Psychologist offering private therapy and leadership/performance coaching to adults. She is British Chinese, with past professional experiences in investment banking and the creative industries and is a practising Buddhist. She provides a holistic and pragmatic approach to psychological health and well-being and draws from psychodynamic, CBT, somatic, compassion-focused, mindfulness, and existential approaches. She is interested in helping people transcend limiting beliefs, harmful family scripts, unconscious mechanisms, and patterned behaviours, be better self-aware, and more self-caring.
Dr Anne Li is a Chartered Counselling Psychologist offering private therapy and leadership/performance coaching to adults. She is British Chinese, with past professional experiences in investment banking and the creative industries and is a practising Buddhist. She provides a holistic and pragmatic approach to psychological health and well-being and draws from psychodynamic, CBT, somatic, compassion-focused, mindfulness, and existential approaches. She is interested in helping people transcend limiting beliefs, harmful family scripts, unconscious mechanisms, and patterned behaviours, be better self-aware, and more self-caring.
![Photo of Ana Maria Santos Castro, MSc, PNCPS Acc., Counsellor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/6ca1ad01-4c5e-46fc-b9f6-f40d117d296e/1/320x400.jpeg)
Hello & Welcome! If you are looking for support with mental health issues or feelings of increased stress and frustration, I am here to help. Taking the step to seek professional help can be a big step to take, as it requires you to make some changes. By reaching out beyond your immediate circle, you have already shown great courage. It's important to find a qualified, skilled, experienced, and accredited practitioner. Equally important is finding someone you can connect with, who listens with genuine understanding and empathy. Based on my experience, these are the catalysts for change that I offer my clients.
Hello & Welcome! If you are looking for support with mental health issues or feelings of increased stress and frustration, I am here to help. Taking the step to seek professional help can be a big step to take, as it requires you to make some changes. By reaching out beyond your immediate circle, you have already shown great courage. It's important to find a qualified, skilled, experienced, and accredited practitioner. Equally important is finding someone you can connect with, who listens with genuine understanding and empathy. Based on my experience, these are the catalysts for change that I offer my clients.
![Photo of Martyn Bignold, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych., Psychologist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/4c1019ad-46cd-11ea-a6ad-06142c356176/2/320x400.jpeg)
As a doctor of psychology, I provide a safe space where you can explore what is troubling you and start to make sense of your thoughts and feelings. I offer short-term and long-term therapy, using psychological models with a proven track record, to address anxiety, low mood, relationship issues, workplace stresses, addictions, trauma and grief. Ultimately, our goal may be for you to become your own therapist. After all, you know the client better than anyone.
As a doctor of psychology, I provide a safe space where you can explore what is troubling you and start to make sense of your thoughts and feelings. I offer short-term and long-term therapy, using psychological models with a proven track record, to address anxiety, low mood, relationship issues, workplace stresses, addictions, trauma and grief. Ultimately, our goal may be for you to become your own therapist. After all, you know the client better than anyone.
![Photo of Maya von Spreckelsen, PsychD, HCPC - Couns. Psych., Psychologist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/788d37f1-e9c3-41f2-83b5-64dc1664d628/1/320x400.jpeg)
I am an HCPC registered, Chartered Counselling Psychologist. I have diverse and extensive experience working with children, adolescents, adults, and older adults (and their families) with complex and enduring mental, neurological and physical health difficulties. I have worked in NHS hospital in-patient and out-patient services, GP practice based mental health services and secondary care mental health services. I have also worked in community mental health teams, counselling services offering long term counselling and psychotherapy and occupational health services offering short term counselling and psychotherapy.
I am an HCPC registered, Chartered Counselling Psychologist. I have diverse and extensive experience working with children, adolescents, adults, and older adults (and their families) with complex and enduring mental, neurological and physical health difficulties. I have worked in NHS hospital in-patient and out-patient services, GP practice based mental health services and secondary care mental health services. I have also worked in community mental health teams, counselling services offering long term counselling and psychotherapy and occupational health services offering short term counselling and psychotherapy.
![Photo of Dhanesh Sakaria - Counselling Therapy London, MBACP Accred, Psychotherapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/ee7b8ec6-f304-41b4-9008-d37d2b583b72/2/320x400.jpeg)
Do you feel you want to change something in your life? Or perhaps you just need to explore your thoughts and feelings in a confidential, non-judgemental space? Do you feel disconnected or distant in your relationships? Or perhaps you have been affected by an external factor that you’re having difficulty coming to terms with? Therapy will offer you the opportunity to re-establish some balance in your world by helping you make sense of things or understand them better. Engaging in therapy, gives you the opportunity to find some inner peace with yourself and work towards being a better and happier version of yourself.
Do you feel you want to change something in your life? Or perhaps you just need to explore your thoughts and feelings in a confidential, non-judgemental space? Do you feel disconnected or distant in your relationships? Or perhaps you have been affected by an external factor that you’re having difficulty coming to terms with? Therapy will offer you the opportunity to re-establish some balance in your world by helping you make sense of things or understand them better. Engaging in therapy, gives you the opportunity to find some inner peace with yourself and work towards being a better and happier version of yourself.
![Photo of Emma Osler, MA, BPC, Psychotherapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/514c995b-4499-4f25-82c1-be9533571f3e/1/320x400.jpeg)
I offer in-person private psychotherapy in London, both at Oxford Circus and in the City, as well as online or telephone sessions when required. I provide a confidential and non-judgemental space to talk about your difficulties. I work psychodynamically, meaning that as we think together about your experiences, I will help you to understand what may be going on unconsciously. This will include paying attention to how your past may be affecting how you relate to the world now.
I offer in-person private psychotherapy in London, both at Oxford Circus and in the City, as well as online or telephone sessions when required. I provide a confidential and non-judgemental space to talk about your difficulties. I work psychodynamically, meaning that as we think together about your experiences, I will help you to understand what may be going on unconsciously. This will include paying attention to how your past may be affecting how you relate to the world now.
![Photo of Dr Esther Rose, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych., Psychologist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/8db5b324-1e52-4ecd-9106-0a2715d6cf57/2/320x400.jpeg)
I am a Clinical Psychologist, chartered with the British Psychological Society and registered with the Health and Care Professions Council. I work in private practice in Central London. I can support you to understand why you may have developed your current emotional problems and what keeps them going. I can also help you to develop effective coping strategies so that you can feel more in control of your difficulties and lead a more fulfilling life.
I am a Clinical Psychologist, chartered with the British Psychological Society and registered with the Health and Care Professions Council. I work in private practice in Central London. I can support you to understand why you may have developed your current emotional problems and what keeps them going. I can also help you to develop effective coping strategies so that you can feel more in control of your difficulties and lead a more fulfilling life.
See more therapy options for EC3V
How does your Counsellor compare?
Number of Counsellors in EC3V
40+
Average cost per session
£90
Counsellors in EC3V who prioritize treating:
96% | Depression |
96% | Anxiety |
94% | Self Esteem |
88% | Relationship Issues |
86% | Stress |
82% | Bereavement |
76% | Trauma and PTSD |
Average years in practice
9 Years
Top 3 insurances accepted
65% | Vitality |
61% | Aviva |
57% | AXA PPP |
How Counsellors in EC3V see their clients
98% | In Person and Online | |
2% | Online Only |
Gender breakdown
77% | Female | |
23% | Male |
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling
How can I find a therapist in EC3V?
Search for nearby therapists or counsellors by inputting your city, postcode, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postcode into the search bar.
Learn more about how to find a therapist
Learn more about how to find a therapist
Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?
Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are members of the main professional associations, mainly the British Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy (BACP) and the UK Council for Psychotherapy (UKCP). Most Psychologists in the directory are accredited members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and/or are registered in the Health and Care Professions Council (HPCP).
Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given that professional memberships are not a statutory requirement for psychotherapists and counsellors in the UK, certain qualified professionals or organisations may choose not to maintain such memberships despite possessing the necessary qualifications. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.
Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given that professional memberships are not a statutory requirement for psychotherapists and counsellors in the UK, certain qualified professionals or organisations may choose not to maintain such memberships despite possessing the necessary qualifications. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.
What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?
Counsellors, psychotherapists and psychologists can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and experience that enable them to do so in the UK. Psychologists have earned a degree in psychology and many are members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and have completed a postgraduate qualification in a specialism. Counsellors and Psychotherapists are not required to have a psychology degree, but to belong to a professional organisation such as the BACP or UKCP, they are required to have completed a training course as well as clinical and supervision hours.
What type of therapy is right for me?
The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.
How much does therapy cost?
The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the UK could be between £30 - £60 when seeing a counsellor and £60 - £150 and up when seeing a clinical psychologist. If you have private insurance, your plan may cover some if not all of your sessions. You should contact your insurance provider to determine if they provide coverage for therapy sessions and to determine what, if any, requirements they might have in order for your sessions to be covered, such as a referral from your GP or medical specialist.
What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?
Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.
If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. The NHS Talking therapies programme offers free of charge counselling for common mental health problems like anxiety and depression. The service is available to anyone registered with a GP, though you do not necessarily need to be referred by your GP and can refer yourself directly to a Talking therapies service. The service will provide different solutions, including group and individual therapy, for a limited number of sessions which are generally up to six.
If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. The NHS Talking therapies programme offers free of charge counselling for common mental health problems like anxiety and depression. The service is available to anyone registered with a GP, though you do not necessarily need to be referred by your GP and can refer yourself directly to a Talking therapies service. The service will provide different solutions, including group and individual therapy, for a limited number of sessions which are generally up to six.
Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?
Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.
Is online therapy a good option?
Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postcode.
Are therapy sessions confidential?
Therapists who are part of a professional organisation such as the BACP, the UKCP, or BPS are bound by an ethical framework that requires them to uphold a confidentiality agreement. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there has been participation in a criminal act or act of terror, or if there is potential or known harm to the client or others, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.