Photo of Clair Ray, DCounsPsych, BACP, Counsellor
Clair Ray
Counsellor, DCounsPsych, BACP
Verified Verified
I imagine you are considering how therapy may be supportive to you at this time. You could be experiencing specific difficulties, feeling overwhelmed or stuck. Maybe you are simply seeking more helpful and satisfying ways to live and improve professional or intimate relationship's. I welcome your unique concerns and offer a warm approach backed with clinical experience. I aim to offer a safe place where you feel respected and supported as we give attention to the challenges that may be at times difficult, uncomfortable or frustrating. Together we can work towards improved hope and outcomes that may be much needed or desired.
I imagine you are considering how therapy may be supportive to you at this time. You could be experiencing specific difficulties, feeling overwhelmed or stuck. Maybe you are simply seeking more helpful and satisfying ways to live and improve professional or intimate relationship's. I welcome your unique concerns and offer a warm approach backed with clinical experience. I aim to offer a safe place where you feel respected and supported as we give attention to the challenges that may be at times difficult, uncomfortable or frustrating. Together we can work towards improved hope and outcomes that may be much needed or desired.
01926 963152 View 01926 963152
Photo of Richard Phalp, MBACP, Counsellor
Richard Phalp
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
Your well-being and resilience are my priority. I’m happy to guide you through all of life’s challenges with the attention and care you deserve.
Your well-being and resilience are my priority. I’m happy to guide you through all of life’s challenges with the attention and care you deserve.
01926 353671 View 01926 353671
Photo of Jenny Hainsworth, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych., Psychologist
Jenny Hainsworth
Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Verified Verified
Leamington Spa CV32  (Online Only)
I am an HCPC registered Clinical Psychologist with over 30 years experience of working within the NHS in Primary Care, CAMHS, CMHT, Dentistry and General Medicine. I have considerable experience of psychological assessment and intervention with adults experiencing a range of difficulties including adjustment to long-term medical conditions and chronic illness; trauma; anxiety disorders and depression. I have expertise in working with people with kidney disease and dental phobia. I have a warm and compassionate approach to my work and recognise the impact that long-term conditions can have on a persons overall quality of life.
I am an HCPC registered Clinical Psychologist with over 30 years experience of working within the NHS in Primary Care, CAMHS, CMHT, Dentistry and General Medicine. I have considerable experience of psychological assessment and intervention with adults experiencing a range of difficulties including adjustment to long-term medical conditions and chronic illness; trauma; anxiety disorders and depression. I have expertise in working with people with kidney disease and dental phobia. I have a warm and compassionate approach to my work and recognise the impact that long-term conditions can have on a persons overall quality of life.
01926 563512 View 01926 563512
Photo of Dr Caroline Rowley, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych., Psychologist
Dr Caroline Rowley
Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Verified Verified
Welcome! Are you feeling anxious, low or having difficulty in your relationships? Are you feeling stuck and want to make lasting positive changes? If this is you, then I can help. I will provide you with a safe space, utilising specialist psychological methods to help you process and overcome your difficulties and fulfil your full potential.
Welcome! Are you feeling anxious, low or having difficulty in your relationships? Are you feeling stuck and want to make lasting positive changes? If this is you, then I can help. I will provide you with a safe space, utilising specialist psychological methods to help you process and overcome your difficulties and fulfil your full potential.
01926 353696 View 01926 353696
Photo of Dr Greg Smith, HCPC - Clin. Psych., Psychologist
Dr Greg Smith
Psychologist, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Verified Verified
Not accepting new clients
As a Clinical Psychologist with over 15 years of experience working within healthcare, I work with people across the life span and with a range of difficulties. I am passionate about supporting people to navigate their world and challenges within this, including potential implications on their wellbeing. I believe it is important to support people to better connect to their emotional experiences, discovering together what works best for this.
As a Clinical Psychologist with over 15 years of experience working within healthcare, I work with people across the life span and with a range of difficulties. I am passionate about supporting people to navigate their world and challenges within this, including potential implications on their wellbeing. I believe it is important to support people to better connect to their emotional experiences, discovering together what works best for this.
01926 353663 View 01926 353663
Photo of Maria Galani - Maria Galani Counselling Services Limited, MSc, MBACP, Psychotherapist
Maria Galani Counselling Services Limited
Psychotherapist, MSc, MBACP
Verified Verified
My name is Maria and I am a registered MBACP psychotherapist. I am member of the Counselling Psychology Division of the British Psychological Society, and working towards the completion of the Doctorate in Counselling Psychology. As an existential-integrative psychotherapist, I believe in the ability of individuals to heal and better their lives, transforming difficulties, trauma, and anxiety into personal insight.
My name is Maria and I am a registered MBACP psychotherapist. I am member of the Counselling Psychology Division of the British Psychological Society, and working towards the completion of the Doctorate in Counselling Psychology. As an existential-integrative psychotherapist, I believe in the ability of individuals to heal and better their lives, transforming difficulties, trauma, and anxiety into personal insight.
0116 502 3319 View 0116 502 3319
Photo of Dr Amy Hammon, PsychD, HCPC - Couns. Psych., Psychologist
Dr Amy Hammon
Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Couns. Psych.
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
I’m a HCPC-registered Chartered Counselling Psychologist & EMDR therapist providing talking therapy for adults. I specialise in helping people who have had traumatic experiences, but I can also help with a range of problems including anxiety, depression, relationship difficulties, and perinatal mental health. I provide a safe, confidential space and help you to make sense of your experiences and find workable, sustainable ways to move forward. My aim is to help you create meaningful change in your life. Each person has their own story so my approach is tailored to you, rather than attempting a one-size-fits-all approach to therapy.
I’m a HCPC-registered Chartered Counselling Psychologist & EMDR therapist providing talking therapy for adults. I specialise in helping people who have had traumatic experiences, but I can also help with a range of problems including anxiety, depression, relationship difficulties, and perinatal mental health. I provide a safe, confidential space and help you to make sense of your experiences and find workable, sustainable ways to move forward. My aim is to help you create meaningful change in your life. Each person has their own story so my approach is tailored to you, rather than attempting a one-size-fits-all approach to therapy.
01926 293489 View 01926 293489
Photo of Katie Brazier, COSRT Accred, Counsellor
Katie Brazier
Counsellor, COSRT Accred
Verified Verified
I’m Katie, your partner in transformation. If you are experiencing Anxiety or Stress, Addictions or Compulsive Behaviours, Sleep Issues or Past Trauma then I can help. With over 15 years of experience in my private practice, I’ve dedicated my life to helping busy individuals like you achieve emotional health, calm, control, and happiness.
I’m Katie, your partner in transformation. If you are experiencing Anxiety or Stress, Addictions or Compulsive Behaviours, Sleep Issues or Past Trauma then I can help. With over 15 years of experience in my private practice, I’ve dedicated my life to helping busy individuals like you achieve emotional health, calm, control, and happiness.
01926 353660 View 01926 353660
Photo of Maria Reece, MBACP Accred, Counsellor
Maria Reece
Counsellor, MBACP Accred
Verified Verified
I have 25 years experience helping individuals and couples who are feeling stressed, unbalanced, confused, angry, stuck, unhappy, or overwhelmed. I can quickly help you to get more balanced, clear, effective, energised, confident, and happy in your life and relationships. I can also help you deal with anxiety, depression, low self-esteem, panic attacks, PTSD, grief, and isolation. I can help couples who are stuck in negative patterns, such as repetitive rows that seem impossible to fix, or who are worried about issues of infidelity or lack of sexual intimacy.
I have 25 years experience helping individuals and couples who are feeling stressed, unbalanced, confused, angry, stuck, unhappy, or overwhelmed. I can quickly help you to get more balanced, clear, effective, energised, confident, and happy in your life and relationships. I can also help you deal with anxiety, depression, low self-esteem, panic attacks, PTSD, grief, and isolation. I can help couples who are stuck in negative patterns, such as repetitive rows that seem impossible to fix, or who are worried about issues of infidelity or lack of sexual intimacy.
01926 958263 View 01926 958263
Photo of Fiona Grainger, MBACP Accred, Psychotherapist
Fiona Grainger
Psychotherapist, MBACP Accred
Verified Verified
Do you feel that past events and other people have a negative impact on your emotions? Are they holding you back? Have you tried to change, but find you can’t on your own? Has a health care professional given you a diagnosis, or have you tried to diagnose yourself? Has all this left you asking questions? I’ve answered ‘yes’ to all these questions myself. Therefore, I know there is always hope. If you want to make changes in your life, I can help you – and show you. I am a fully qualified, insured and DBS checked Psychotherapist, EMDR Practitioner and Clinical Supervisor.
Do you feel that past events and other people have a negative impact on your emotions? Are they holding you back? Have you tried to change, but find you can’t on your own? Has a health care professional given you a diagnosis, or have you tried to diagnose yourself? Has all this left you asking questions? I’ve answered ‘yes’ to all these questions myself. Therefore, I know there is always hope. If you want to make changes in your life, I can help you – and show you. I am a fully qualified, insured and DBS checked Psychotherapist, EMDR Practitioner and Clinical Supervisor.
01926 895438 View 01926 895438
Photo of James Finnegan - Anxiety Specialist, MBACP, Psychotherapist
James Finnegan - Anxiety Specialist
Psychotherapist, MBACP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Feeling overwhelmed by anxiety, stress, or depression? Stuck in a cycle of negative thoughts or facing significant life changes? Struggling with low self-esteem, low self-confidence, or complex family issues? If you have ADHD or autism and need practical help with daily challenges, I’m here to guide you through. I offer a gentle hand with strong support and will challenge you to confront your difficulties directly. Together, we’ll develop personalised strategies tailored to your needs, ensuring effective and realistic solutions.
Feeling overwhelmed by anxiety, stress, or depression? Stuck in a cycle of negative thoughts or facing significant life changes? Struggling with low self-esteem, low self-confidence, or complex family issues? If you have ADHD or autism and need practical help with daily challenges, I’m here to guide you through. I offer a gentle hand with strong support and will challenge you to confront your difficulties directly. Together, we’ll develop personalised strategies tailored to your needs, ensuring effective and realistic solutions.
01926 352270 View 01926 352270
Photo of Dirk Hansen, MBACP Accred, Psychotherapist
Dirk Hansen
Psychotherapist, MBACP Accred
Verified Verified
Not accepting new clients
I am a fully qualified Psychotherapist in the UK and in the USA, and I bring over 30 years' extensive experience in the field of Psychotherapy, Counselling and Mental Health - working with individuals in need.  I offer a thoughtful, professional approach to guide you through difficult emotional experiences.  In addition to my Private Practice, I have also held a number of Clinical Management positions on a National and International scale.  With this level of experience, I am able to provide confident and skilled Counselling and Psychotherapy to help you with reactions and symptoms and to help you navigate unexpected events.
I am a fully qualified Psychotherapist in the UK and in the USA, and I bring over 30 years' extensive experience in the field of Psychotherapy, Counselling and Mental Health - working with individuals in need.  I offer a thoughtful, professional approach to guide you through difficult emotional experiences.  In addition to my Private Practice, I have also held a number of Clinical Management positions on a National and International scale.  With this level of experience, I am able to provide confident and skilled Counselling and Psychotherapy to help you with reactions and symptoms and to help you navigate unexpected events.
01926 357149 View 01926 357149
Photo of Aman Johal, MBABCP, Psychotherapist
Aman Johal
Psychotherapist, MBABCP
Verified Verified
Hi I'm Aman. Welcome to my page. I understand it can take immense courage to engage in therapy to confront emotional pain and distress. I know it is common to avoid anxiety provoking situations to stop those painful feelings from arising. However, this can be adverse for you in the long term. I offer Cognitive Behavioural Psychotherapy which will give you the opportunity to identify and challenge negative patterns of thoughts and behaviours. I can enable you to learn new strategies so you manage your distress and life situations better.
Hi I'm Aman. Welcome to my page. I understand it can take immense courage to engage in therapy to confront emotional pain and distress. I know it is common to avoid anxiety provoking situations to stop those painful feelings from arising. However, this can be adverse for you in the long term. I offer Cognitive Behavioural Psychotherapy which will give you the opportunity to identify and challenge negative patterns of thoughts and behaviours. I can enable you to learn new strategies so you manage your distress and life situations better.
01953 665969 View 01953 665969
Photo of Zoe McWilliams - Therapy with Zoe, MBABCP, Psychotherapist
Therapy with Zoe
Psychotherapist, MBABCP
Verified Verified
Welcome, I'm Zoe. Understanding you and your experiences is an important part of my therapeutic approach. I'm here to listen and offer a warm, empathic, compassionate, non-judgmental, safe space for you. Perhaps there is something specific you would like to explore in therapy, or you could be trying to make sense of what is causing you to feel the way you do. Maybe you are feeling sad, anxious, overwhelmed, and your mind is occupied with worries and unhelpful thoughts. Collaboratively, we can discover the patterns that maybe maintaining your difficulties, and support you to move towards living the life you would like to.
Welcome, I'm Zoe. Understanding you and your experiences is an important part of my therapeutic approach. I'm here to listen and offer a warm, empathic, compassionate, non-judgmental, safe space for you. Perhaps there is something specific you would like to explore in therapy, or you could be trying to make sense of what is causing you to feel the way you do. Maybe you are feeling sad, anxious, overwhelmed, and your mind is occupied with worries and unhelpful thoughts. Collaboratively, we can discover the patterns that maybe maintaining your difficulties, and support you to move towards living the life you would like to.
01926 351643 View 01926 351643
Photo of Deborah Joanne Teckoe, MBACP Accred, Psychotherapist
Deborah Joanne Teckoe
Psychotherapist, MBACP Accred
Verified Verified
I'm passionate about midwifing human potential and inspiring people to tap into their deepest wisdom of who they came here to be. I work with people navigating significant changes, personal and relational conflicts feelings of purposelessness/lack of meaning. These can show in symptoms of anxiety, depression, grief, existential crisis and burnout. Supporting you to unravel the messages to find a new attitude and behaviour that inspire insight and a doorway to healing. Bringing awareness & knowing yourselves better and breaking repetitive patterns of self-sabotage. Feeling trapped, lost in a situation, career, relationship that you
I'm passionate about midwifing human potential and inspiring people to tap into their deepest wisdom of who they came here to be. I work with people navigating significant changes, personal and relational conflicts feelings of purposelessness/lack of meaning. These can show in symptoms of anxiety, depression, grief, existential crisis and burnout. Supporting you to unravel the messages to find a new attitude and behaviour that inspire insight and a doorway to healing. Bringing awareness & knowing yourselves better and breaking repetitive patterns of self-sabotage. Feeling trapped, lost in a situation, career, relationship that you
01926 354637 View 01926 354637
Photo of Mary Paterson, MBACP Accred, Psychotherapist
Mary Paterson
Psychotherapist, MBACP Accred
Verified Verified
Are you at that stage of knowing that something’s wrong, you’re unhappy, maybe knowing what the problem is, but not how to fix it? Maybe you know that you need someone to listen, understand, ‘get’ you, but you also want things to change. You might be suffering from anxiety, unwanted anger or low mood/depression, have social anxiety, low confidence or low self-esteem. You may be having a difficulty with a relationship or a situation. You may have issues caused by childhood trauma or more recent traumatic events, panic attacks, fear of driving/ flying or phobias. Or perhaps there’s nothing obvious; you just want more from your life.
Are you at that stage of knowing that something’s wrong, you’re unhappy, maybe knowing what the problem is, but not how to fix it? Maybe you know that you need someone to listen, understand, ‘get’ you, but you also want things to change. You might be suffering from anxiety, unwanted anger or low mood/depression, have social anxiety, low confidence or low self-esteem. You may be having a difficulty with a relationship or a situation. You may have issues caused by childhood trauma or more recent traumatic events, panic attacks, fear of driving/ flying or phobias. Or perhaps there’s nothing obvious; you just want more from your life.
01926 958262 View 01926 958262
Photo of Dimitra Theofili, MSc, BACP, Psychotherapist
Dimitra Theofili
Psychotherapist, MSc, BACP
Verified Verified
I am a qualified therapist, drawing from approaches such as - Systemic, Dialectical Behavioural Therapy (DBT) and Forensic Psychology. I have a Master Practitioner Advanced Diploma through the National Centre for Eating Disorders (NCFED) who are accredited by the British Psychological Society (BPS). I have extended training in Systemic and family therapy, dialectical behavioural therapy, forensic psychology and criminology (MSc), educational psychology and dyslexia, eating disorders counselling, sex and porn addiction. I am a member of the British Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy (BACP).
I am a qualified therapist, drawing from approaches such as - Systemic, Dialectical Behavioural Therapy (DBT) and Forensic Psychology. I have a Master Practitioner Advanced Diploma through the National Centre for Eating Disorders (NCFED) who are accredited by the British Psychological Society (BPS). I have extended training in Systemic and family therapy, dialectical behavioural therapy, forensic psychology and criminology (MSc), educational psychology and dyslexia, eating disorders counselling, sex and porn addiction. I am a member of the British Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy (BACP).
01295 237375 View 01295 237375
Photo of Hayley Smith, MSc, MBACP, Psychotherapist
Hayley Smith
Psychotherapist, MSc, MBACP
Verified Verified
I am a qualified, BACP registered, Psychodynamic Psychotherapist in private practice in Leamington Spa. Taking the first steps into therapy can feel daunting - particularly at a time when you might be struggling to make sense of difficult thoughts and feelings and perhaps wondering why you repeat unhealthy patterns. So it’s important to take the time to find a therapist who feels right for you and with whom you can build a relationship of trust. As a psychodynamic practitioner I’m interested in how your past relationships and experiences connect with and shape how you relate to yourself and others in the present.
I am a qualified, BACP registered, Psychodynamic Psychotherapist in private practice in Leamington Spa. Taking the first steps into therapy can feel daunting - particularly at a time when you might be struggling to make sense of difficult thoughts and feelings and perhaps wondering why you repeat unhealthy patterns. So it’s important to take the time to find a therapist who feels right for you and with whom you can build a relationship of trust. As a psychodynamic practitioner I’m interested in how your past relationships and experiences connect with and shape how you relate to yourself and others in the present.
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Photo of Sarah Louise Avern - InCourage Therapy, MBACP, Psychotherapist
InCourage Therapy
Psychotherapist, MBACP
Verified Verified
My name is Sarah and I am a qualified, insured and DBS checked Person-Centred Psychotherapist with experience working with teens and adults both within the education system and also in a Respect-accredited private agency setting. I work with a range of issues including anxiety; depression; relationship issues; lack of self-confidence; self-harm; school refusal; stress; loss and bereavement; and surviving abusive relationships.
My name is Sarah and I am a qualified, insured and DBS checked Person-Centred Psychotherapist with experience working with teens and adults both within the education system and also in a Respect-accredited private agency setting. I work with a range of issues including anxiety; depression; relationship issues; lack of self-confidence; self-harm; school refusal; stress; loss and bereavement; and surviving abusive relationships.
01926 569044 View 01926 569044
Photo of Christine Frey, MSc, MBACP, Counsellor
Christine Frey
Counsellor, MSc, MBACP
Verified Verified
With twenty years experience in counselling and personal development I can help you make sense of your current situation and explore any changes you might want to make. I am most often described by clients as supportive and encouraging but will also gently challenge you to move forward in whatever direction you want to go. As well as being a qualified Counsellor, I am also a certified Health Coach and qualified Mindfulness teacher so really can help you take an holistic approach to improving your mental and physical health and wellness.
With twenty years experience in counselling and personal development I can help you make sense of your current situation and explore any changes you might want to make. I am most often described by clients as supportive and encouraging but will also gently challenge you to move forward in whatever direction you want to go. As well as being a qualified Counsellor, I am also a certified Health Coach and qualified Mindfulness teacher so really can help you take an holistic approach to improving your mental and physical health and wellness.
01926 293592 View 01926 293592
1

See more therapy options for CV32

How does your Counsellor compare?

Number of Counsellors in CV32

60+

Average cost per session

£65

Counsellors in CV32 who prioritize treating:

91% Anxiety
91% Self Esteem
88% Depression
78% Stress
75% Trauma and PTSD
73% Relationship Issues
63% Bereavement

Average years in practice

9 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

70% Aviva
70% AXA PPP
70% Bupa

How Counsellors in CV32 see their clients

90% In Person and Online
10% Online Only

Gender breakdown

78% Female
22% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling

How can I find a therapist in CV32?

Search for nearby therapists or counsellors by inputting your city, postcode, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postcode into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are members of the main professional associations, mainly the British Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy (BACP) and the UK Council for Psychotherapy (UKCP). Most Psychologists in the directory are accredited members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and/or are registered in the Health and Care Professions Council (HPCP).

Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given that professional memberships are not a statutory requirement for psychotherapists and counsellors in the UK, certain qualified professionals or organisations may choose not to maintain such memberships despite possessing the necessary qualifications. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?

Counsellors, psychotherapists and psychologists can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and experience that enable them to do so in the UK. Psychologists have earned a degree in psychology and many are members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and have completed a postgraduate qualification in a specialism. Counsellors and Psychotherapists are not required to have a psychology degree, but to belong to a professional organisation such as the BACP or UKCP, they are required to have completed a training course as well as clinical and supervision hours.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the UK could be between £30 - £60 when seeing a counsellor and £60 - £150 and up when seeing a clinical psychologist. If you have private insurance, your plan may cover some if not all of your sessions. You should contact your insurance provider to determine if they provide coverage for therapy sessions and to determine what, if any, requirements they might have in order for your sessions to be covered, such as a referral from your GP or medical specialist.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. The NHS Talking therapies programme offers free of charge counselling for common mental health problems like anxiety and depression. The service is available to anyone registered with a GP, though you do not necessarily need to be referred by your GP and can refer yourself directly to a Talking therapies service. The service will provide different solutions, including group and individual therapy, for a limited number of sessions which are generally up to six.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postcode.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Therapists who are part of a professional organisation such as the BACP, the UKCP, or BPS are bound by an ethical framework that requires them to uphold a confidentiality agreement. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there has been participation in a criminal act or act of terror, or if there is potential or known harm to the client or others, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.