Therapists in Victoria, BC

Photo of Josh Ruberg, RCC, MEd, Counsellor
Josh Ruberg
Counsellor, RCC, MEd
Verified Verified
Victoria, BC V8S
Stuck. Alone. Overwhelmed. Those are the words clients often connect with. Perhaps you have tried everything you can think of to change things. Maybe you've tried everything your friends and family can think of too. Whether you are struggling with anxiety, depression, meaninglessness, or something unique to you, I look forward to being with you in the healing process.
Stuck. Alone. Overwhelmed. Those are the words clients often connect with. Perhaps you have tried everything you can think of to change things. Maybe you've tried everything your friends and family can think of too. Whether you are struggling with anxiety, depression, meaninglessness, or something unique to you, I look forward to being with you in the healing process.
(778) 743-5417 View (778) 743-5417
Photo of Laura Natalia Osorio, BA, MA, Pre-Licensed Professional
Laura Natalia Osorio
Pre-Licensed Professional, BA, MA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Victoria, BC V8S
Laura Osorio's ideal client is someone who seeks support and growth in the realm of intimacy. Specializing in individual and relationship therapy, Laura welcomes individuals of diverse sexualities and genders into her practice. Her ideal client desires to develop insight and awareness into their current concerns, striving for meaningful change. Laura's warm, engaged, and collaborative therapeutic style aligns perfectly with her client's need for support. Her clients may be struggling with body image issues, establishing boundaries, people-pleasing & co-dependence, low self-worth, burnout, or lack of fulfillment, and finding pleasure
Laura Osorio's ideal client is someone who seeks support and growth in the realm of intimacy. Specializing in individual and relationship therapy, Laura welcomes individuals of diverse sexualities and genders into her practice. Her ideal client desires to develop insight and awareness into their current concerns, striving for meaningful change. Laura's warm, engaged, and collaborative therapeutic style aligns perfectly with her client's need for support. Her clients may be struggling with body image issues, establishing boundaries, people-pleasing & co-dependence, low self-worth, burnout, or lack of fulfillment, and finding pleasure
(782) 823-8010 View (782) 823-8010
Photo of Flora Pagan, MSW, RSW, Registered Social Worker
Flora Pagan
Registered Social Worker, MSW, RSW
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Victoria, BC V8W
Not accepting new clients
Many of us struggle with emotional experiences that knock us off our feet. Low mood and chronic stress; difficulty with trust and relationships; and difficulty with overwhelm, focus, or organization are painful and isolating experiences. Unfortunately, we’re surrounded with messaging that if only we tried harder, we could think or act our way out of these experiences - leaving us feeling even more alone or frustrated if things don’t change.
Many of us struggle with emotional experiences that knock us off our feet. Low mood and chronic stress; difficulty with trust and relationships; and difficulty with overwhelm, focus, or organization are painful and isolating experiences. Unfortunately, we’re surrounded with messaging that if only we tried harder, we could think or act our way out of these experiences - leaving us feeling even more alone or frustrated if things don’t change.
(431) 304-6966 View (431) 304-6966
Photo of China Lloyd, MA, MACP, RCC, CCC, RYT-500, Counsellor
China Lloyd
Counsellor, MA, MACP, RCC, CCC, RYT-500
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Victoria, BC V8P
I am a licensed clinical counsellor and contemplative psychotherapist who has worked in the field of mental health and wellness for nearly 15 years. I work with individuals in a variety of capacities, helping them through concerns such as anxiety, depression, trauma (both acute and complex), OCD, addiction and self-esteem. I have an MA in Counselling Psychology and an MA in Interdisciplinary Studies. I use an integrative, systemic approach that includes psychodynamic (Internal Family Systems), somatic, cognitive-behavioral, narrative and mindfulness based models.
I am a licensed clinical counsellor and contemplative psychotherapist who has worked in the field of mental health and wellness for nearly 15 years. I work with individuals in a variety of capacities, helping them through concerns such as anxiety, depression, trauma (both acute and complex), OCD, addiction and self-esteem. I have an MA in Counselling Psychology and an MA in Interdisciplinary Studies. I use an integrative, systemic approach that includes psychodynamic (Internal Family Systems), somatic, cognitive-behavioral, narrative and mindfulness based models.
(431) 631-7130 View (431) 631-7130
Photo of P.j. Fairfield, MA, RCC, Counsellor
P.j. Fairfield
Counsellor, MA, RCC
Verified Verified
Victoria, BC V9B
Accepting New Clients. Do you feel like you’ve tried to make change in your life but you keep hitting the same walls? You have so much you want to do, but it can be hard to know where to start. Stress, anxiety and depression-whether they show up as a trio, or one takes centre stage-can rob you of sleep, damage your relationships and make it hard to function at home, work, or school. If you struggle with family or other relationships or are overwhelmed by school or your career, you can begin to feel powerless to create a better life. I can help you consider different solutions and find new ways of looking at the challenges you face.
Accepting New Clients. Do you feel like you’ve tried to make change in your life but you keep hitting the same walls? You have so much you want to do, but it can be hard to know where to start. Stress, anxiety and depression-whether they show up as a trio, or one takes centre stage-can rob you of sleep, damage your relationships and make it hard to function at home, work, or school. If you struggle with family or other relationships or are overwhelmed by school or your career, you can begin to feel powerless to create a better life. I can help you consider different solutions and find new ways of looking at the challenges you face.
(548) 457-0309 View (548) 457-0309
Photo of Manuela Bizzotto, RCC, EMDR, Counsellor
Manuela Bizzotto
Counsellor, RCC, EMDR
Verified Verified
Victoria, BC V8R
Are you feeling stuck? Anxious, stressed or depressed? Perhaps you're struggling with trauma related to past experiences that affects your ability to enjoy life in the present. Or maybe you just want to feel better about yourself and find more meaning and purpose in your life. Counselling and EMDR therapy are proven ways to help you understand yourself better and make the changes you need to live well.
Are you feeling stuck? Anxious, stressed or depressed? Perhaps you're struggling with trauma related to past experiences that affects your ability to enjoy life in the present. Or maybe you just want to feel better about yourself and find more meaning and purpose in your life. Counselling and EMDR therapy are proven ways to help you understand yourself better and make the changes you need to live well.
(778) 762-3963 View (778) 762-3963
Photo of Jamie McCrum, BA, MA, CCC, RCC, Counsellor
Jamie McCrum
Counsellor, BA, MA, CCC, RCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Victoria, BC V8N  (Online Only)
I have worked supporting parent with children and youth and with neurodiversity, substance use, developmental differences, and physical challenges. I help clients develop understanding, self compassion, and individualized behavioral strategies to support themselves and their loved ones to address challenges associated with disability, FASD, ADHD, Autism, OCD, anxiety, and depression.
I have worked supporting parent with children and youth and with neurodiversity, substance use, developmental differences, and physical challenges. I help clients develop understanding, self compassion, and individualized behavioral strategies to support themselves and their loved ones to address challenges associated with disability, FASD, ADHD, Autism, OCD, anxiety, and depression.
(289) 302-5563 View (289) 302-5563
Photo of Crystal Daigneault, MC, RCC, Counsellor
Crystal Daigneault
Counsellor, MC, RCC
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Victoria, BC V9C
Life's challenges can feel overwhelming, and seeking support is a courageous first step. As a counselor, I'm here to hold space and compassionately walk alongside you on your unique journey. With a personalized approach, we'll navigate through your struggles, creating a plan to work towards your healing and growth. I believe in the power of connection and will work collaboratively to create a safe and non-judgmental therapeutic relationship. Us humans are not designed to face hardships alone, so no matter what you're battling, let's embark on a path towards empowerment and positive change as a team.
Life's challenges can feel overwhelming, and seeking support is a courageous first step. As a counselor, I'm here to hold space and compassionately walk alongside you on your unique journey. With a personalized approach, we'll navigate through your struggles, creating a plan to work towards your healing and growth. I believe in the power of connection and will work collaboratively to create a safe and non-judgmental therapeutic relationship. Us humans are not designed to face hardships alone, so no matter what you're battling, let's embark on a path towards empowerment and positive change as a team.
(819) 201-8594 View (819) 201-8594
Photo of Carla Mae Leuschen, MPA, MSW, RSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Carla Mae Leuschen
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MPA, MSW, RSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Victoria, BC V8V
I work with clients whom wish to push the boundaries of “normal” to uncover & deconstruct the root causes of their suffering. Many of the people that I work with are dealing with major depression, anxiety, grief, relationship issues, and overall frustration with the current state of society and the environment. The clients that I see often present to me with symptoms such as feeling blocked, overwhelmed, anxious, depressed, alone, and powerless in their life. I support clients to transform their pain into strength so that they can live a more fulfilled life.
I work with clients whom wish to push the boundaries of “normal” to uncover & deconstruct the root causes of their suffering. Many of the people that I work with are dealing with major depression, anxiety, grief, relationship issues, and overall frustration with the current state of society and the environment. The clients that I see often present to me with symptoms such as feeling blocked, overwhelmed, anxious, depressed, alone, and powerless in their life. I support clients to transform their pain into strength so that they can live a more fulfilled life.
(778) 743-5005 View (778) 743-5005
Photo of Emily Coldwell, Pre-Licensed Professional
Emily Coldwell
Pre-Licensed Professional
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Victoria, BC V8W
I see you as the expert in your story, and want us to work together to deepen our understanding of how internal narratives play out in larger contexts. In our work together we will co-create a space that allows us to do work that feels relevant to your healing, growth, grief, and empowerment. I want to help you to get clear on what next steps you want to take in life, and help you make sense of your story so that you can move forward with clarity, confidence, and support.
I see you as the expert in your story, and want us to work together to deepen our understanding of how internal narratives play out in larger contexts. In our work together we will co-create a space that allows us to do work that feels relevant to your healing, growth, grief, and empowerment. I want to help you to get clear on what next steps you want to take in life, and help you make sense of your story so that you can move forward with clarity, confidence, and support.
(343) 321-0608 View (343) 321-0608
Photo of Bianca Bucarelli, PhD, Psychologist
Bianca Bucarelli
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Victoria, BC V8Y  (Online Only)
Thrive at Work. Flourish in Life. As a Psychologist and Organizational Coach, I work with clients looking to optimize their wellness both in life and at work. Over the last 10 years, I have held leadership roles focused on helping individuals and teams thrive within complex organizational systems, including public and private healthcare settings. I am also highly experienced in individual and group therapy for a variety of mental health concerns. My current practice is focused on: Work stress and career longevity, Leaders in modern work environments, Anxiety disorders, Self-criticism and perfectionism, and Sleep difficulties.
Thrive at Work. Flourish in Life. As a Psychologist and Organizational Coach, I work with clients looking to optimize their wellness both in life and at work. Over the last 10 years, I have held leadership roles focused on helping individuals and teams thrive within complex organizational systems, including public and private healthcare settings. I am also highly experienced in individual and group therapy for a variety of mental health concerns. My current practice is focused on: Work stress and career longevity, Leaders in modern work environments, Anxiety disorders, Self-criticism and perfectionism, and Sleep difficulties.
View
Photo of Miriam (Mimi) Jamieson, BA, RHt
Miriam (Mimi) Jamieson
Hypnotherapist, BA, RHt
Not Verified Not Verified
Victoria, BC V8X
I see people of all ages, struggling with compatibility, sexual issues and personal challenges. By combining counselling and hypnotherapy, I help my clients get to the root of their challenges so that they can move forward with greater self-awareness, compassion, respect and desire for change, for themselves and for their relationship. My 6-10 week program allows my clients to move quickly forward in life with a greater understanding of what is needed to feel more fulfilled and content, both individually and as a couple.
I see people of all ages, struggling with compatibility, sexual issues and personal challenges. By combining counselling and hypnotherapy, I help my clients get to the root of their challenges so that they can move forward with greater self-awareness, compassion, respect and desire for change, for themselves and for their relationship. My 6-10 week program allows my clients to move quickly forward in life with a greater understanding of what is needed to feel more fulfilled and content, both individually and as a couple.
(855) 982-1237 View (855) 982-1237
Photo of Stephen Marcus - PRYSM - Couples Counselling & Men's Counselling, MSW, RCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
PRYSM - Couples Counselling & Men's Counselling
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, RCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Victoria, BC V8W  (Online Only)
Do you struggle with a challenging relationship that affects your ability to feel seen, heard, and validated? Do you feel overwhelmed, frustrated, and lost by patterns of arguing, defensiveness, and lack of closeness in your relationship? Do you question whether things will ever get better? Today more than ever, couples are feeling anxious and uncertain about overcoming their relationship challenges, moving past resentment, and if there is a light at the end of the tunnel. I believe it is possible to improve any relationship and that wounds in high stakes relationships can be healed.
Do you struggle with a challenging relationship that affects your ability to feel seen, heard, and validated? Do you feel overwhelmed, frustrated, and lost by patterns of arguing, defensiveness, and lack of closeness in your relationship? Do you question whether things will ever get better? Today more than ever, couples are feeling anxious and uncertain about overcoming their relationship challenges, moving past resentment, and if there is a light at the end of the tunnel. I believe it is possible to improve any relationship and that wounds in high stakes relationships can be healed.
(506) 315-3612 View (506) 315-3612
Photo of Mountain Gate Counselling, PhD(c), MSc, BSc
Mountain Gate Counselling
PhD(c), MSc, BSc
Verified Verified
Victoria, BC V9A
I specialize in working with adults and teenagers experiencing depression and anxiety. I also work with people experiencing trauma, spiritual crisis, relationship issues, loneliness, problems due to medication, and stress in many forms. A block of time in my practice is kept open daily for those in crisis, who cannot find adequate support through the public system. I also work with couples wishing to heal relational concerns, and those with an inclination towards spiritual practice/life. I am LGBTQ2S+ friendly and welcome people from all faith backgrounds and walks of life. Sessions are available in-person, by email, and via video.
I specialize in working with adults and teenagers experiencing depression and anxiety. I also work with people experiencing trauma, spiritual crisis, relationship issues, loneliness, problems due to medication, and stress in many forms. A block of time in my practice is kept open daily for those in crisis, who cannot find adequate support through the public system. I also work with couples wishing to heal relational concerns, and those with an inclination towards spiritual practice/life. I am LGBTQ2S+ friendly and welcome people from all faith backgrounds and walks of life. Sessions are available in-person, by email, and via video.
(306) 988-4692 View (306) 988-4692
Photo of Cerasela Toba, MA, RCC, RP, SEP, Registered Psychotherapist
Cerasela Toba
Registered Psychotherapist, MA, RCC, RP, SEP
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Victoria, BC V8W
I offer a gentle and safe space to explore and change together what blocks you from being able to live life fully. I work from an anti-oppressive perspective, understanding intersectionality and my privileges. I believe that through attunement and safety, we can figure out how to meet your goals. My experience is that we can get to live fuller lives. My healing and learning journey makes me comfortable working with complex challenges, CPTSD, DID, chronic pain, grief and loss, depression & anxiety, healing from abuse and what feels overwhelming or too much. Therapy can help us understand where we are coming from and where to get.
I offer a gentle and safe space to explore and change together what blocks you from being able to live life fully. I work from an anti-oppressive perspective, understanding intersectionality and my privileges. I believe that through attunement and safety, we can figure out how to meet your goals. My experience is that we can get to live fuller lives. My healing and learning journey makes me comfortable working with complex challenges, CPTSD, DID, chronic pain, grief and loss, depression & anxiety, healing from abuse and what feels overwhelming or too much. Therapy can help us understand where we are coming from and where to get.
(587) 852-5697 View (587) 852-5697
Photo of Jieqing (Rebecca) Chen, RSW, MSW, Registered Social Worker
Jieqing (Rebecca) Chen
Registered Social Worker, RSW, MSW
Verified Verified
Victoria, BC V8R
I am a Registered Social Worker and have been providing counseling for over 12 years. I can work in English and Mandarin and enjoy working with children, youth and adults who wish to improve their self-esteem, strengthen their relationships, and develop the courage to take on new challenges. I offer in-person sessions in a safe place and virtual sessions via online video conferencing.
I am a Registered Social Worker and have been providing counseling for over 12 years. I can work in English and Mandarin and enjoy working with children, youth and adults who wish to improve their self-esteem, strengthen their relationships, and develop the courage to take on new challenges. I offer in-person sessions in a safe place and virtual sessions via online video conferencing.
(778) 651-5300 View (778) 651-5300
Photo of Tajah Fatima Olson - Tajah Olson Therapy & Coaching, MACP, RCC, Counsellor
Tajah Olson Therapy & Coaching
Counsellor, MACP, RCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Victoria, BC V8N  (Online Only)
Registered clinical counsellor. Born and raised in East Africa, currently in BC. I take pride in empowering and helping individuals to see their true potential. I understand how anxiety, trauma, life transitions, identity issues, depression, low self-esteem/confidence, lack of self-love, detachment and complicated relationships can negatively impact us from living the life we want.
Registered clinical counsellor. Born and raised in East Africa, currently in BC. I take pride in empowering and helping individuals to see their true potential. I understand how anxiety, trauma, life transitions, identity issues, depression, low self-esteem/confidence, lack of self-love, detachment and complicated relationships can negatively impact us from living the life we want.
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Photo of Oksana Perets, MA, MC, RCC, Counsellor
Oksana Perets
Counsellor, MA, MC, RCC
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Victoria, BC V8V
I work with a range of issues, including life transitions, depression, anxiety, relationship issues, loss and grief. I often see people who feel limited by prescribed social roles, norms and expectations. They want to break free from these constraints and live a life that fully reflects who they are. In therapy, we work together to uncover my clients' longings and desires, reconnecting them with their true nature.
I work with a range of issues, including life transitions, depression, anxiety, relationship issues, loss and grief. I often see people who feel limited by prescribed social roles, norms and expectations. They want to break free from these constraints and live a life that fully reflects who they are. In therapy, we work together to uncover my clients' longings and desires, reconnecting them with their true nature.
(587) 857-5404 View (587) 857-5404
Photo of Anita Joanne Snell, PhD, RPsych, Psychologist
Anita Joanne Snell
Psychologist, PhD, RPsych
Verified Verified
Victoria, BC V9B
Hello; thank you for viewing my profile. As a Registered Psychologist since 1997, and a therapist for many years before that, I have worked with individuals, couples and families. I will listen to you and support you in managing the issues that bring you to therapy. I deeply appreciate the effort and commitment people demonstrate as they work through their concerns; I consider it a privilege to assist in that process. Having had a diverse, non-traditional life, and having worked with a broad diversity of clients, it is likely I have some experience with issues similar to yours. Please see my website for further information.
Hello; thank you for viewing my profile. As a Registered Psychologist since 1997, and a therapist for many years before that, I have worked with individuals, couples and families. I will listen to you and support you in managing the issues that bring you to therapy. I deeply appreciate the effort and commitment people demonstrate as they work through their concerns; I consider it a privilege to assist in that process. Having had a diverse, non-traditional life, and having worked with a broad diversity of clients, it is likely I have some experience with issues similar to yours. Please see my website for further information.
(778) 771-2455 View (778) 771-2455
Photo of Mark Watts - Mark Watts, MTC, RCH, BA Psyc, Counsellor
Mark Watts
Counsellor, MTC, RCH, BA Psyc
Verified Verified
11 Endorsed
Victoria, BC V8W
Call me for a no-charge half-hour consultation. I am committed to creating a warm, accepting environment for change, using therapeutic approaches that have the strongest proven results. If you're reading this then you are possibly searching for a suitable counsellor to help you navigate a life that is not quite the way you would like it to be. It could be what's happening for you right now, or it might have been building for a while. You so deserve to be supported.
Call me for a no-charge half-hour consultation. I am committed to creating a warm, accepting environment for change, using therapeutic approaches that have the strongest proven results. If you're reading this then you are possibly searching for a suitable counsellor to help you navigate a life that is not quite the way you would like it to be. It could be what's happening for you right now, or it might have been building for a while. You so deserve to be supported.
(866) 623-1740 View (866) 623-1740
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See more therapy options for Victoria

How does your Counsellor compare?

Number of Counsellors in Victoria, BC

800+

Average cost per session

$150

Counsellors in Victoria, BC who prioritize treating:

92% Anxiety
83% Depression
82% Self Esteem
78% Relationship Issues
75% Stress
70% Trauma and PTSD
68% Life Transitions

Average years in practice

9 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

45% Pacific Blue Cross
44% SunLife
40% Green Shield Canada

How Counsellors in Victoria, BC see their clients

73% In Person and Online
27% Online Only

Gender breakdown

81% Female
17% Male
2% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling

How can I find a therapist in Victoria?

Search for nearby therapists or counsellors by inputting your city, postal code, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postal code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

Most Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are certified by one of the main professional associations, mainly the Canadian Counselling and Psychotherapy Association (CCPA), and will have a Certified Canadian Counsellor (CCC) designation with their name. Social Workers listed in the directory must be registered members of the college specific to their province. To be listed in the directory, Psychologists must be registered with the psychological college specific to their province or territory.

Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given the considerable variation in professional regulation and prerequisites across Canadian provinces, some providers may possess significant professional qualifications without necessarily holding professional memberships or being obliged to acquire them. As a result, they may be selectively included without the "Verified" seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?

Psychologists, counsellors, psychotherapists and social workers can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and supervised, practical experience that enable them to do so in Canada.

Psychologists have a master's and/or doctoral degree and have passed both written and oral exams. Psychologists are able to complete mental health assessments and provide diagnostic information to clients as well as provide counselling therapy or psychotherapy. Counsellors and psychotherapists are expected to have a master's or doctoral degree in counselling psychology, social work, or a related mental health discipline and certification by a professional association, such as the Canadian Counselling and Psychotherapy Association. Registered Social Workers possess a Bachelor's or Master's degree in Social Work and where possible must be licensed or certified by the provincial government and/or regulatory college.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, the cost of a therapy session in Canada could be between $100 and $200. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. Some types of outpatient mental health services are covered by Medicare, provided these are performed by a licensed mental health professional in the provinces or territory you reside in and who accepts the assignment.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postal code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Professionals licensed by regulatory colleges and those certified by associations such as the Canadian Counselling and Psychotherapy Association are obligated to uphold client confidentiality unless there is a legal reason that requires them to disclose information. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there is the potential or known harm to the client or others, or a court order, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.