Photo of Sarah Brooks - Safe Harbour Counselling, RCC, RCS, MTC, Counsellor
Safe Harbour Counselling
Counsellor, RCC, RCS, MTC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Summerland, BC V0H  (Online Only)
My practice welcomes adults seeking support with issues such as complex or developmental trauma (childhood trauma), shock trauma, anxiety, depression, relationship conflicts, life transitions, and personal growth. I am committed to providing culturally sensitive and affirming care to clients of diverse backgrounds.
My practice welcomes adults seeking support with issues such as complex or developmental trauma (childhood trauma), shock trauma, anxiety, depression, relationship conflicts, life transitions, and personal growth. I am committed to providing culturally sensitive and affirming care to clients of diverse backgrounds.
(867) 292-1912 View (867) 292-1912
Photo of Karen Goodfellow, MTC, RCS, CFA, CST, Counsellor
Karen Goodfellow
Counsellor, MTC, RCS, CFA, CST
Verified Verified
6 Endorsed
Osoyoos, BC V0H
Not accepting new clients
I help people reframe relationship, emotional, spiritual, or creative struggles so that new options become possible. Due to my extensive background with different schools, my clients receive skilled, sensitive, safe, customized counselling whether individually, as a couple, or in teams. No matter how scary your situation seems, I am there with you and together, we can navigate the waters so you can live a life that you desire. Call me...let's talk.
I help people reframe relationship, emotional, spiritual, or creative struggles so that new options become possible. Due to my extensive background with different schools, my clients receive skilled, sensitive, safe, customized counselling whether individually, as a couple, or in teams. No matter how scary your situation seems, I am there with you and together, we can navigate the waters so you can live a life that you desire. Call me...let's talk.
(778) 761-5421 View (778) 761-5421
Photo of David Ohori, MACP, MDiv, RCC, Counsellor
David Ohori
Counsellor, MACP, MDiv, RCC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Kaleden, BC V0H
I'm a big-picture thinker and analyzer. Raising 6 kids with my wife and years of experience helping individuals, couples, and families has trained me to see the root issue underneath the emotions and symptoms of a problem. I have been told that I bring a calm presence, spiritual awareness, a genuine ability to listen without judgment, and a decent sense of humour. I am also very open and authentic with my clients, so I do my best to be sensitive while also being upfront and honest.
I'm a big-picture thinker and analyzer. Raising 6 kids with my wife and years of experience helping individuals, couples, and families has trained me to see the root issue underneath the emotions and symptoms of a problem. I have been told that I bring a calm presence, spiritual awareness, a genuine ability to listen without judgment, and a decent sense of humour. I am also very open and authentic with my clients, so I do my best to be sensitive while also being upfront and honest.
(778) 653-5795 View (778) 653-5795
Photo of Susan Kast, BSW, MSW, RSW, RCC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Susan Kast
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, BSW, MSW, RSW, RCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Summerland, BC V0H
One of the many joys I experience working as a therapist is helping people to connect to their inner strengths, resources, resilience, and courage. I bring to my practice 20 years of experience supporting children, teens, adults, elders, and families through some of life’s most difficult hardships, transitions, and losses. I specialize in grief and loss, trauma counselling, and the often-accompanying issues of anxiety, depression, and addiction. I enjoy working with kids and teens and helping them feel safe and capable as we discover creative avenues of expression for their often complex and profound emotions and ideas.
One of the many joys I experience working as a therapist is helping people to connect to their inner strengths, resources, resilience, and courage. I bring to my practice 20 years of experience supporting children, teens, adults, elders, and families through some of life’s most difficult hardships, transitions, and losses. I specialize in grief and loss, trauma counselling, and the often-accompanying issues of anxiety, depression, and addiction. I enjoy working with kids and teens and helping them feel safe and capable as we discover creative avenues of expression for their often complex and profound emotions and ideas.
(778) 760-3551 View (778) 760-3551
Photo of Joyce Steeves - Joyce Steeves Counselling Therapy, MA, CCC, Counsellor
Joyce Steeves Counselling Therapy
Counsellor, MA, CCC
Verified Verified
Osoyoos, BC V0H
I use effective and evidenced-based therapies to help my clients overcome anxiety, depression, trauma, PTSD, complicated grief and other life crises. I also use proven methods that can help them build strong relationships with their partners and raise emotionally intelligent children who are cooperative, capable and responsible.
I use effective and evidenced-based therapies to help my clients overcome anxiety, depression, trauma, PTSD, complicated grief and other life crises. I also use proven methods that can help them build strong relationships with their partners and raise emotionally intelligent children who are cooperative, capable and responsible.
(844) 241-5658 View (844) 241-5658
Photo of Wanda Sexton - NEON Counselling, BScPsy, MACP, RCC, Counsellor
NEON Counselling
Counsellor, BScPsy, MACP, RCC
Verified Verified
Looking for a realistic, straight-forward approach? Someone who has a sense of humour and will treat you like a person and not a label? Wanda is a Registered Clinical Counsellor with a Masters of Counselling Psychology degree from Yorkville University. Wanda's main focus is to treat clients with a genuine and reality based approach. She provides a confidential, relaxed and fun environment. You can can expect openness, honesty and a straight forward attitude that will encourage and validate your changing needs and supports. Wanda is trained in EMDR, a trauma sensitive approach that is highly affective.
Looking for a realistic, straight-forward approach? Someone who has a sense of humour and will treat you like a person and not a label? Wanda is a Registered Clinical Counsellor with a Masters of Counselling Psychology degree from Yorkville University. Wanda's main focus is to treat clients with a genuine and reality based approach. She provides a confidential, relaxed and fun environment. You can can expect openness, honesty and a straight forward attitude that will encourage and validate your changing needs and supports. Wanda is trained in EMDR, a trauma sensitive approach that is highly affective.
(672) 906-1129 View (672) 906-1129
Photo of Philip Starkman, MSW, RSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Philip Starkman
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, RSW
Verified Verified
Naramata, BC V0H
For over 40 years I've worked with individuals, couples and groups facing a full range of the many challenges that life presents such as: depression, anxiety, grief, addiction, couple conflicts, all manner of traumas etc. My clientele includes people from all walks of life, ages, sexual preferences, ethnic and religious backgrounds. In addition, I provide consultation and counselling to those wanting to optimize their talents and abilities. I see clients as social, physical, intellectual and spiritual beings, thus all of these areas are potentially addressed in our work together.
For over 40 years I've worked with individuals, couples and groups facing a full range of the many challenges that life presents such as: depression, anxiety, grief, addiction, couple conflicts, all manner of traumas etc. My clientele includes people from all walks of life, ages, sexual preferences, ethnic and religious backgrounds. In addition, I provide consultation and counselling to those wanting to optimize their talents and abilities. I see clients as social, physical, intellectual and spiritual beings, thus all of these areas are potentially addressed in our work together.
(855) 996-9417 View (855) 996-9417
Photo of Cheryl Lynn Snyder -  Cheryl Snyder @ Your Wellness Journey, R, T, C, Counsellor
Cheryl Snyder @ Your Wellness Journey
Counsellor, R, T, C
Verified Verified
The work that I have done and the work that I presently do has great value in the many lived experiences I have made it through in my life.I am a Registered Therapeutic Counsellor and this encompasses much of the educational style counselling but I believe the greatest value is within the person sitting before me. When I discover their pain and know that it is coming from a place of suppressed emotional despair, we work together and devise a plan on an individual journey of healing.I am a certified grief and breath counsellor.I assist you in not taking your despair with you as you will complete with a meditative breath session.
The work that I have done and the work that I presently do has great value in the many lived experiences I have made it through in my life.I am a Registered Therapeutic Counsellor and this encompasses much of the educational style counselling but I believe the greatest value is within the person sitting before me. When I discover their pain and know that it is coming from a place of suppressed emotional despair, we work together and devise a plan on an individual journey of healing.I am a certified grief and breath counsellor.I assist you in not taking your despair with you as you will complete with a meditative breath session.
(778) 743-6515 View (778) 743-6515
Photo of Jane D Rhodes - Cienna Counselling, RPCc, PCC
Cienna Counselling
RPCc, PCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Summerland, BC V0H
Do you struggle with addictions, body shame, anxiety, difficulty managing intense emotions like anger, fear, or constant sadness? Do you struggle with relationship issues or sexual issues? I work with people who have experienced trauma in their life. It could be childhood complex trauma, a criminal injury, or a single unexpected traumatic event. Maybe you don't know why you struggle. I can help you find the answers you are looking for. I believe that the healing and discovery process begins with an authentic connection. I provide a warm, welcoming and knowledgeable space. You do not have to do this alone.
Do you struggle with addictions, body shame, anxiety, difficulty managing intense emotions like anger, fear, or constant sadness? Do you struggle with relationship issues or sexual issues? I work with people who have experienced trauma in their life. It could be childhood complex trauma, a criminal injury, or a single unexpected traumatic event. Maybe you don't know why you struggle. I can help you find the answers you are looking for. I believe that the healing and discovery process begins with an authentic connection. I provide a warm, welcoming and knowledgeable space. You do not have to do this alone.
(587) 817-6396 View (587) 817-6396
Photo of Jim Robert Leitch, MA, Counsellor
Jim Robert Leitch
Counsellor, MA
Verified Verified
As a generalist, my intention is to provide broad service. I am currently employed as a college instructor, so I enjoy working with adolescent and early adult age people who may be dealing with anxiety or depression, or who find themselves stuck in making important life decisions. Also, one of my previous jobs was as a welder for CP Rail. So I am familiar with the very real issues faced in everyday work life. My training also includes family and couples therapy. Because I believe that we do not do well in isolation, helping individuals and families deal with the intricacies of family life is a vital to aspect of my practice.
As a generalist, my intention is to provide broad service. I am currently employed as a college instructor, so I enjoy working with adolescent and early adult age people who may be dealing with anxiety or depression, or who find themselves stuck in making important life decisions. Also, one of my previous jobs was as a welder for CP Rail. So I am familiar with the very real issues faced in everyday work life. My training also includes family and couples therapy. Because I believe that we do not do well in isolation, helping individuals and families deal with the intricacies of family life is a vital to aspect of my practice.
(587) 817-8281 View (587) 817-8281
Photo of Davis Wiggs - Desert Solace Counselling & Recovery, RTC, ASAT, AMAT, Counsellor
Desert Solace Counselling & Recovery
Counsellor, RTC, ASAT, AMAT
Verified Verified
8 Endorsed
Oliver, BC V0H
Hi there! Do you find yourself caught in states of uncertainty in your life transitions? Is your "double life" catching up to you? What about your sense of self & the stressors that come with it? I recognize that my clients can experience many hurdles within their relationships & intimate partnerships, including but not limited to; sexual addiction, infidelity, compulsive pornography use, gambling/shopping addiction, relationship & intimacy concerns, non-monogamous lifestyles & difficult life transitions.
Hi there! Do you find yourself caught in states of uncertainty in your life transitions? Is your "double life" catching up to you? What about your sense of self & the stressors that come with it? I recognize that my clients can experience many hurdles within their relationships & intimate partnerships, including but not limited to; sexual addiction, infidelity, compulsive pornography use, gambling/shopping addiction, relationship & intimacy concerns, non-monogamous lifestyles & difficult life transitions.
(778) 655-0593 View (778) 655-0593
Photo of Cynthia Ramsay - Grace Extended Counselling, PCD, RTC, Counsellor
Cynthia Ramsay - Grace Extended Counselling
Counsellor, PCD, RTC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Oliver, BC V0H
Are you struggling to cope with events in your life? Have you experienced difficulties and you find yourself turning to unhealthy behaviors to get through the day? Are you affected by the unhealthy behaviors of someone you care about? Perhaps you’re living in two worlds - trying to navigate despair while keeping your faith and dark struggles hidden and separated from one another. What if there were a space where you could bring ALL your “stuff”, share it, work through it, without judgment? Such a space can be life changing - helping you gather all your scattered pieces and find yourself again. That’s the space I hold for you.
Are you struggling to cope with events in your life? Have you experienced difficulties and you find yourself turning to unhealthy behaviors to get through the day? Are you affected by the unhealthy behaviors of someone you care about? Perhaps you’re living in two worlds - trying to navigate despair while keeping your faith and dark struggles hidden and separated from one another. What if there were a space where you could bring ALL your “stuff”, share it, work through it, without judgment? Such a space can be life changing - helping you gather all your scattered pieces and find yourself again. That’s the space I hold for you.
(431) 400-9267 View (431) 400-9267
Photo of Deanna Buckner, BSW, RSW, Registered Social Worker
Deanna Buckner
Registered Social Worker, BSW, RSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Summerland, BC V0H
My journey to becoming a counsellor began with a long-standing career in emergency services. With over 20 years of providing front-line support to emergency service personnel and individuals in crisis, I wanted to expand on that in a way that could benefit others long term, which led to this profession. I acknowledge it takes immense courage for clients to be curious about what is troubling them, and I approach each session with gratitude and genuine care. Simply, I believe that people begin to heal when they are heard.
My journey to becoming a counsellor began with a long-standing career in emergency services. With over 20 years of providing front-line support to emergency service personnel and individuals in crisis, I wanted to expand on that in a way that could benefit others long term, which led to this profession. I acknowledge it takes immense courage for clients to be curious about what is troubling them, and I approach each session with gratitude and genuine care. Simply, I believe that people begin to heal when they are heard.
(581) 333-6169 View (581) 333-6169
Photo of Barb Gladue, MA, SRT, CPC, CT, EMDR, Counsellor
Barb Gladue
Counsellor, MA, SRT, CPC, CT, EMDR
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Midway, BC V0H
Barb Gladue is invested in providing client centered counselling both in person and/or online. Information is woven through each session in order to prevent further breakdown in the individual, their relationships and/or their work performance. Barb's focus is on helping you find your authentic self. She can guide you through a process of taking a look at your current foundation to see where there may be cracks in it.
Barb Gladue is invested in providing client centered counselling both in person and/or online. Information is woven through each session in order to prevent further breakdown in the individual, their relationships and/or their work performance. Barb's focus is on helping you find your authentic self. She can guide you through a process of taking a look at your current foundation to see where there may be cracks in it.
(866) 416-9029 View (866) 416-9029
Photo of Pam Athwal, BA, RPN, Psychiatric Nurse
Pam Athwal
Psychiatric Nurse, BA, RPN
Verified Verified
Summerland, BC V0H
As a psychiatric nurse I value research based approaches and personalized client care in my practice. I work from an eclectic and collaborative approach with each client to ensure that client's feel heard, seen and included throughout their therapeutic journey. I work with kids, teens and adults that have struggled with mental health issues, including psychiatric diagnosis, as well as individuals who have experienced trauma, discrimination, gender identity related issues, and domestic violence recovery.
As a psychiatric nurse I value research based approaches and personalized client care in my practice. I work from an eclectic and collaborative approach with each client to ensure that client's feel heard, seen and included throughout their therapeutic journey. I work with kids, teens and adults that have struggled with mental health issues, including psychiatric diagnosis, as well as individuals who have experienced trauma, discrimination, gender identity related issues, and domestic violence recovery.
(825) 824-9275 View (825) 824-9275
Photo of Dr. Sylvia Peske, Psychologist
Dr. Sylvia Peske
Psychologist
Verified Verified
Peachland, BC V0H
I work with clients who are seeking to connect, understand, and embrace their own authenticity; people who are looking for self-development and growth. You want to understand yourself in relation to your lived experience, of course pursuing symptom-reduction, but not just that. You want to work toward lasting change, not just a temporary reprieve from whatever is causing them distress. You are open to exploring parts of yourself that you do not like and make you feel uncomfortable because this is where your truth exists, and without knowing or embracing these parts, you will remain only half of your whole and change will not occur.
I work with clients who are seeking to connect, understand, and embrace their own authenticity; people who are looking for self-development and growth. You want to understand yourself in relation to your lived experience, of course pursuing symptom-reduction, but not just that. You want to work toward lasting change, not just a temporary reprieve from whatever is causing them distress. You are open to exploring parts of yourself that you do not like and make you feel uncomfortable because this is where your truth exists, and without knowing or embracing these parts, you will remain only half of your whole and change will not occur.
(825) 360-0520 View (825) 360-0520
Photo of Rossana Garcia-Manzano Mateos - Art Heart Healing Counselling Osoyoos., RTC, RCAT, MAT, Counsellor
Art Heart Healing Counselling Osoyoos.
Counsellor, RTC, RCAT, MAT
Verified Verified
Osoyoos, BC V0H
I am a compassionate, caring professional, I will be right there with you along this therapeutic process. ​I practice from a client-centred holistic approach. We will work together to find strategies that works for you, to help to reach your goals, connecting with you inherent healing capacity and supporting your strengths. I have been working with children, adolescents and adults for more than 20 years. I am Bilingual (Spanish and English) Registered Art therapist, Registered Counsellor, Yoga Teacher and a Reiki Master. I offer Counselling in Osoyoos.
I am a compassionate, caring professional, I will be right there with you along this therapeutic process. ​I practice from a client-centred holistic approach. We will work together to find strategies that works for you, to help to reach your goals, connecting with you inherent healing capacity and supporting your strengths. I have been working with children, adolescents and adults for more than 20 years. I am Bilingual (Spanish and English) Registered Art therapist, Registered Counsellor, Yoga Teacher and a Reiki Master. I offer Counselling in Osoyoos.
(343) 453-4124 View (343) 453-4124
Photo of Sylvie Hamel, MC, RCC-ACS, Counsellor
Sylvie Hamel
Counsellor, MC, RCC-ACS
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Summerland, BC V0H
I am specialized in trauma. I work with impact trauma, medical trauma, relational trauma and global activation. In my practice, I encounter many people who have adopted coping strategies that impair their quality of life and interpersonal relationships.
I am specialized in trauma. I work with impact trauma, medical trauma, relational trauma and global activation. In my practice, I encounter many people who have adopted coping strategies that impair their quality of life and interpersonal relationships.
(250) 800-2514 View (250) 800-2514
Photo of Kimberly Davidson, MTC, SEP, CISM, NARM, RCS, Counsellor
Kimberly Davidson
Counsellor, MTC, SEP, CISM, NARM, RCS
Verified Verified
Peachland, BC V0H  (Online Only)
I work with people who have experienced trauma and its impact in many forms. I specialize in working with PTSI & PTSD and complex trauma ,as well as vicarious trauma with first responders or other service provider populations ie: therapists, counsellors.
I work with people who have experienced trauma and its impact in many forms. I specialize in working with PTSI & PTSD and complex trauma ,as well as vicarious trauma with first responders or other service provider populations ie: therapists, counsellors.
(438) 795-5257 View (438) 795-5257
Photo of Jeannine Burnes, MACP, BSocPsy, RCC, Counsellor
Jeannine Burnes
Counsellor, MACP, BSocPsy, RCC
Verified Verified
9 Endorsed
Summerland, BC V0H
Are you considering reaching out after experiencing trauma? Life can feel overwhelming at times and, like all journeys, it doesn’t always go the way we hoped. People can experience a feeling of being unable to move forward. I can help with that by working with you to discover what is impacting you, increase your resilience & create a more meaningful life by teaching you coping techniques. I have worked with trauma survivors for over 16 years & seeking help is the first step towards healing. Counselling can help you work through your feelings, thoughts and relationships, helping make sense of why you feel the way you do.
Are you considering reaching out after experiencing trauma? Life can feel overwhelming at times and, like all journeys, it doesn’t always go the way we hoped. People can experience a feeling of being unable to move forward. I can help with that by working with you to discover what is impacting you, increase your resilience & create a more meaningful life by teaching you coping techniques. I have worked with trauma survivors for over 16 years & seeking help is the first step towards healing. Counselling can help you work through your feelings, thoughts and relationships, helping make sense of why you feel the way you do.
(778) 860-4405 View (778) 860-4405
1

See more therapy options for V0H

How does your Counsellor compare?

Number of Counsellors in V0H

60+

Average cost per session

$145

Counsellors in V0H who prioritize treating:

92% Anxiety
80% Relationship Issues
77% Self Esteem
76% Depression
74% Stress
73% Grief
73% Trauma and PTSD

Average years in practice

14 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

49% Green Shield Canada
49% Pacific Blue Cross
49% SunLife

How Counsellors in V0H see their clients

82% In Person and Online
18% Online Only

Gender breakdown

85% Female
15% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling

How can I find a therapist in V0H?

Search for nearby therapists or counsellors by inputting your city, postal code, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postal code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

Most Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are certified by one of the main professional associations, mainly the Canadian Counselling and Psychotherapy Association (CCPA), and will have a Certified Canadian Counsellor (CCC) designation with their name. Social Workers listed in the directory must be registered members of the college specific to their province. To be listed in the directory, Psychologists must be registered with the psychological college specific to their province or territory.

Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given the considerable variation in professional regulation and prerequisites across Canadian provinces, some providers may possess significant professional qualifications without necessarily holding professional memberships or being obliged to acquire them. As a result, they may be selectively included without the "Verified" seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?

Psychologists, counsellors, psychotherapists and social workers can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and supervised, practical experience that enable them to do so in Canada.

Psychologists have a master's and/or doctoral degree and have passed both written and oral exams. Psychologists are able to complete mental health assessments and provide diagnostic information to clients as well as provide counselling therapy or psychotherapy. Counsellors and psychotherapists are expected to have a master's or doctoral degree in counselling psychology, social work, or a related mental health discipline and certification by a professional association, such as the Canadian Counselling and Psychotherapy Association. Registered Social Workers possess a Bachelor's or Master's degree in Social Work and where possible must be licensed or certified by the provincial government and/or regulatory college.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, the cost of a therapy session in Canada could be between $100 and $200. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. Some types of outpatient mental health services are covered by Medicare, provided these are performed by a licensed mental health professional in the provinces or territory you reside in and who accepts the assignment.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postal code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Professionals licensed by regulatory colleges and those certified by associations such as the Canadian Counselling and Psychotherapy Association are obligated to uphold client confidentiality unless there is a legal reason that requires them to disclose information. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there is the potential or known harm to the client or others, or a court order, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.