Relationship Issues Therapists in Vancouver, BC

Photo of Gordon Reid, PhD, MA, RPsych, Psychologist
Gordon Reid
Psychologist, PhD, MA, RPsych
Verified Verified
Vancouver, BC V6H
For 30+ years I have been helping people struggling with relationships, as well as depression, anxiety, and meaning of life issues. My primary interest has always been in understanding what it is in the work we do together that actually makes a difference in helping the people I am working with, coupled with a clear recognition of the fundamental importance of the quality of our relationship together. Ultimately, I am not just trying to help people feel better, but to actually become better, recognizable both by them, and the people who matter in their lives. In the final analysis, you already have the answers. I help you find those
For 30+ years I have been helping people struggling with relationships, as well as depression, anxiety, and meaning of life issues. My primary interest has always been in understanding what it is in the work we do together that actually makes a difference in helping the people I am working with, coupled with a clear recognition of the fundamental importance of the quality of our relationship together. Ultimately, I am not just trying to help people feel better, but to actually become better, recognizable both by them, and the people who matter in their lives. In the final analysis, you already have the answers. I help you find those
(855) 982-1164 View (855) 982-1164
Photo of Robert M Miles - Lighthouse Counselling, MCP, RCC, EFT, OEI, CVAP, Counsellor
Lighthouse Counselling
Counsellor, MCP, RCC, EFT, OEI, CVAP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Vancouver, BC V6J
Stuck in your relationship? Feeling misunderstood, blamed, or attacked? Arguments and conflict weighing you down? Feeling empty or disconnected, frightened to speak your needs? If you're struggling in your relationships repeating the same pattern and in need of a way forward contact me today for your FREE 15 minute consultation. I am a relationship therapist whose aim is to help others gain insight into the problem patterns of behaviour we often fall victim to. Break-free of the painful cycles of the past. Contact me today to learn how you can enjoying the love and connection you deserve.
Stuck in your relationship? Feeling misunderstood, blamed, or attacked? Arguments and conflict weighing you down? Feeling empty or disconnected, frightened to speak your needs? If you're struggling in your relationships repeating the same pattern and in need of a way forward contact me today for your FREE 15 minute consultation. I am a relationship therapist whose aim is to help others gain insight into the problem patterns of behaviour we often fall victim to. Break-free of the painful cycles of the past. Contact me today to learn how you can enjoying the love and connection you deserve.
(604) 373-0857 View (604) 373-0857
Photo of Steadfast Counselling - Steadfast Counselling, MTC, RCS, RPC, Counsellor
Steadfast Counselling
Counsellor, MTC, RCS, RPC
Verified Verified
Vancouver, BC V6Z
Your situation may concern any area or areas of your life, such as family or a significant relationship or personal issues, such as depression, anxiety, substance abuse, grief, sexuality, or money issues.
We are a group of experienced counsellors dedicated to supporting our clients to live a life that matters to them. We understand that many people seek counselling during a difficult time or in the midst of a crisis. We’re here for you. Giving you a safe place to understand, explore and make the changes that feel right to you.
Your situation may concern any area or areas of your life, such as family or a significant relationship or personal issues, such as depression, anxiety, substance abuse, grief, sexuality, or money issues.
We are a group of experienced counsellors dedicated to supporting our clients to live a life that matters to them. We understand that many people seek counselling during a difficult time or in the midst of a crisis. We’re here for you. Giving you a safe place to understand, explore and make the changes that feel right to you.
(587) 207-4795 View (587) 207-4795
Photo of Ishtar Beck, MA, RCC, CCC, Counsellor
Ishtar Beck
Counsellor, MA, RCC, CCC
Verified Verified
Vancouver, BC V5N
Perhaps you are facing a life transition: stress, relationship challenges, depression, feeling lost or stuck.
Welcome! My specialty is holistic individual and relationship counselling. I believe that healing is possible and is just a message or phone call away. Within our first session, I aim to offer a conversation that may bring about a sense of immediate relief with whatever is troubling you right now. As you dive into the depths, I will witness and encourage your journey. Monogamous and non-monogamous (open, polyamorous) relationships are welcome, as are parents, stepfamilies, and individuals seeking to heal, grow, and foster well-being. Now is the time to start exploring and making it better.
Perhaps you are facing a life transition: stress, relationship challenges, depression, feeling lost or stuck.
Welcome! My specialty is holistic individual and relationship counselling. I believe that healing is possible and is just a message or phone call away. Within our first session, I aim to offer a conversation that may bring about a sense of immediate relief with whatever is troubling you right now. As you dive into the depths, I will witness and encourage your journey. Monogamous and non-monogamous (open, polyamorous) relationships are welcome, as are parents, stepfamilies, and individuals seeking to heal, grow, and foster well-being. Now is the time to start exploring and making it better.
(866) 671-4309 View (866) 671-4309
Photo of Kerry Moller, MA, RCC, Counsellor
Kerry Moller
Counsellor, MA, RCC
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Vancouver, BC V6B
Do you want to feel less anxious and overwhelmed? Is your inner critic constantly running you down? We all have an inner critic, and when it gets too strong, it can cause us a tremendous amount of suffering. In therapy with me, you will learn how to reduce the power of this critic, and experience greater self esteem and more confidence in all areas of your life, including: work, family, relationship and friends. I help adults of all ages and stages of life to overcome anxiety and depression, work through trauma and grief, and improve their relationships.
Do you want to feel less anxious and overwhelmed? Is your inner critic constantly running you down? We all have an inner critic, and when it gets too strong, it can cause us a tremendous amount of suffering. In therapy with me, you will learn how to reduce the power of this critic, and experience greater self esteem and more confidence in all areas of your life, including: work, family, relationship and friends. I help adults of all ages and stages of life to overcome anxiety and depression, work through trauma and grief, and improve their relationships.
(604) 265-9891 View (604) 265-9891
Photo of Mark F Morissette, MSW, PhD, RSW, Marriage & Family Therapist
Mark F Morissette
Marriage & Family Therapist, MSW, PhD, RSW
Verified Verified
Vancouver, BC V6T
I am a couple & family therapist who works with individuals, their partners, their families, helping them to deal with the emotional difficulties and relationship turmoil in their lives, and assisting them in bringing change about and hopefully reach a happier place.
Let me ask you: Are you struggling with an important relationship in your life? To do with your family, your partner, your child, your work? Are you troubled by the emotions you’re experiencing? Feeling a profound sense of frustration, confusion, or desperation? Worried about the toll these issues are beginning to take? Think you've exhausted all your options for how to effectively manage? Do you wonder if there's quality professional help available? Help that recognizes & acknowledges what's important to you? If so, then look no further. Call now. We'll schedule a time.
I am a couple & family therapist who works with individuals, their partners, their families, helping them to deal with the emotional difficulties and relationship turmoil in their lives, and assisting them in bringing change about and hopefully reach a happier place.
Let me ask you: Are you struggling with an important relationship in your life? To do with your family, your partner, your child, your work? Are you troubled by the emotions you’re experiencing? Feeling a profound sense of frustration, confusion, or desperation? Worried about the toll these issues are beginning to take? Think you've exhausted all your options for how to effectively manage? Do you wonder if there's quality professional help available? Help that recognizes & acknowledges what's important to you? If so, then look no further. Call now. We'll schedule a time.
(604) 210-1832 View (604) 210-1832
Photo of Lauren Buckley, MCAP-AT, RCC, Counsellor
Lauren Buckley
Counsellor, MCAP-AT, RCC
Verified Verified
Vancouver, BC V5P  (Online Only)
I am primarily focused in Expressive Arts Therapy and Sex Therapy with regards to self esteem, gender exploration and affirming practices, life-stage development, anxiety, depression, intimacy/ relationship difficulties, relationship communication and boundary building, monogamy & non-monogamy.
I am a Queer neuro-divergent counsellor working on the unceded territories of the Musqueam, Squamish and TsleiI-Waututh peoples. I endeavour to work collaboratively, inter-sectionally and conscious of my clients lived experience and world view. I believe learning to become an authentic person is the ongoing journey we all undergo and with counselling, it can be a bit easier. I believe strongly in meeting an individual where they are presently and working alongside their own desires for change and growth.
I am primarily focused in Expressive Arts Therapy and Sex Therapy with regards to self esteem, gender exploration and affirming practices, life-stage development, anxiety, depression, intimacy/ relationship difficulties, relationship communication and boundary building, monogamy & non-monogamy.
I am a Queer neuro-divergent counsellor working on the unceded territories of the Musqueam, Squamish and TsleiI-Waututh peoples. I endeavour to work collaboratively, inter-sectionally and conscious of my clients lived experience and world view. I believe learning to become an authentic person is the ongoing journey we all undergo and with counselling, it can be a bit easier. I believe strongly in meeting an individual where they are presently and working alongside their own desires for change and growth.
(438) 300-9183 View (438) 300-9183
Photo of Ian Bond, MA, BA, RCC, Counsellor
Ian Bond
Counsellor, MA, BA, RCC
Verified Verified
Vancouver, BC V5Z
He has appeared on CBC television to discuss relationship issues, and CKNW radio to talk about depression and professional burnout.
Ian provides compassionate, professional, and effective counselling, therapy, and hypnotherapy to individuals and couples. He has an excellent rate of success in helping clients to heal their pain, resolve their problems and achieve their goals. He helps clients to explore relationships, thoughts, feelings, or behaviours, which trouble them and cause difficulty. Through the therapeutic process, clients can achieve personal insight and awareness, better ways of understanding and coping with problems, increased feelings of well-being, and improved relationships and life satisfaction. Ian offers a complimentary 30 minute consultation.
He has appeared on CBC television to discuss relationship issues, and CKNW radio to talk about depression and professional burnout.
Ian provides compassionate, professional, and effective counselling, therapy, and hypnotherapy to individuals and couples. He has an excellent rate of success in helping clients to heal their pain, resolve their problems and achieve their goals. He helps clients to explore relationships, thoughts, feelings, or behaviours, which trouble them and cause difficulty. Through the therapeutic process, clients can achieve personal insight and awareness, better ways of understanding and coping with problems, increased feelings of well-being, and improved relationships and life satisfaction. Ian offers a complimentary 30 minute consultation.
(855) 976-4939 View (855) 976-4939
Photo of Erin E Davidson - Erin Davidson, Sex & Relationship Therapist, MA, RCC, Counsellor
Erin Davidson, Sex & Relationship Therapist
Counsellor, MA, RCC
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Vancouver, BC V6J  (Online Only)
I am judgement-free, compassionate, and fully supportive of people of all gender identities, sexual orientations, and relationship styles including polyamory, non-monogamy.
We are all deserving and capable of enjoying fulfilling romantic and sexual relationships. Connection is the key to a life lived full. Connection to yourself first and foremost— awareness of your emotions, body sensations, values, and needs. Believing fully in your inherent worth, flaws and all. Connecting to others through a practice of empathy, vulnerability, and reliability is how we create strong relationships to our loved ones and the world around us.
I am judgement-free, compassionate, and fully supportive of people of all gender identities, sexual orientations, and relationship styles including polyamory, non-monogamy.
We are all deserving and capable of enjoying fulfilling romantic and sexual relationships. Connection is the key to a life lived full. Connection to yourself first and foremost— awareness of your emotions, body sensations, values, and needs. Believing fully in your inherent worth, flaws and all. Connecting to others through a practice of empathy, vulnerability, and reliability is how we create strong relationships to our loved ones and the world around us.
(581) 222-4914 View (581) 222-4914
Photo of Jason Evans - Jason Evans Counselling, MA, RCC, Counsellor
Jason Evans Counselling
Counsellor, MA, RCC
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Vancouver, BC V6J
Are you struggling with feelings of anxiety, self-esteem or unsure of your life purpose? Are you dealing with relationship issues with your partner, family member, friend or co-worker? Are you wanting to make real changes in your life, but aren't clear about how or where to start?
Are you struggling with feelings of anxiety, self-esteem or unsure of your life purpose? Are you dealing with relationship issues with your partner, family member, friend or co-worker? Are you wanting to make real changes in your life, but aren't clear about how or where to start?
(431) 813-0802 View (431) 813-0802
Photo of Delyse Ledgard - Turning Point Therapy - Delyse Ledgard and Team, RCC, CCC, Counsellor
Turning Point Therapy - Delyse Ledgard and Team
Counsellor, RCC, CCC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Vancouver, BC V6C
You are ready to change your relationship with yourself and others.
People start to heal when they are heard. Do you feel anxious, misunderstood, alone, and overwhelmed? Is trying to control your reactions and feelings not working? Do you feel disconnected from your feelings or controlled by them? Are you disillusioned about your life? Perhaps you have a sense of not getting to the root of your struggles. You keep noticing the same dynamics, relationships and struggles you had in the past. This repetitive nature leaves you feeling discouraged and out of control of your life. It is hard to contemplate reaching out for help when you have taken pride in figuring things out for yourself.
You are ready to change your relationship with yourself and others.
People start to heal when they are heard. Do you feel anxious, misunderstood, alone, and overwhelmed? Is trying to control your reactions and feelings not working? Do you feel disconnected from your feelings or controlled by them? Are you disillusioned about your life? Perhaps you have a sense of not getting to the root of your struggles. You keep noticing the same dynamics, relationships and struggles you had in the past. This repetitive nature leaves you feeling discouraged and out of control of your life. It is hard to contemplate reaching out for help when you have taken pride in figuring things out for yourself.
(855) 912-7733 View (855) 912-7733
Photo of Seyedmohammad Kalantar, PhD, MEd, RCC, Counsellor
Seyedmohammad Kalantar
Counsellor, PhD, MEd, RCC
Verified Verified
Vancouver, BC V6C
Are you dealing with feelings of anxiety or depression? Are you grappling with issues related to ADHD, such as trouble focusing on tasks or procrastination? Are you contending with unresolved issues from your past that continue to weigh heavily on you? Are you seeking to heal from past traumas and experiences?Are you currently facing challenges in your relationship with your partner or loved ones? Do you find it difficult to communicate effectively, leading to frequent misunderstandings in your romantic relationship? Are you encountering obstacles in your parenting style and feel that you and your partner are not in same page?
Are you dealing with feelings of anxiety or depression? Are you grappling with issues related to ADHD, such as trouble focusing on tasks or procrastination? Are you contending with unresolved issues from your past that continue to weigh heavily on you? Are you seeking to heal from past traumas and experiences?Are you currently facing challenges in your relationship with your partner or loved ones? Do you find it difficult to communicate effectively, leading to frequent misunderstandings in your romantic relationship? Are you encountering obstacles in your parenting style and feel that you and your partner are not in same page?
(506) 307-6958 View (506) 307-6958
Photo of Helen Marie Thomas, MA, RCC, Counsellor
Helen Marie Thomas
Counsellor, MA, RCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Vancouver, BC V5L  (Online Only)
A large part of the change that takes place due to therapeutic work is the relationship between client and counsellor. I strive to make that relationship a meaningful one based on respect and compassion. I bring with me a wide range of knowledge, skills and education and am happy to continue learning both from and for my clients.
A large part of the change that takes place due to therapeutic work is the relationship between client and counsellor. I strive to make that relationship a meaningful one based on respect and compassion. I bring with me a wide range of knowledge, skills and education and am happy to continue learning both from and for my clients.
(604) 256-7252 View (604) 256-7252
Photo of Courtney Orser, MCP, RCC, Counsellor
Courtney Orser
Counsellor, MCP, RCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Vancouver, BC V6J
I believe the most important part of my role is to create an environment and relationship that is safe, and therefore, I work from an overarching anti-oppressive, trauma-informed and feminist lens.
There are times when we just don’t feel like ourselves. For some of us, this means feeling overwhelmed by our thoughts and emotions, while for others the disconnect can come from feeling nothing at all. This internal “ickiness” can show up through our emotions, thoughts, or in our body, and is often a scary, confusing, and unsettling experience. This intuitive feeling is typically caused by misalignment; whether it’s having conflict within ourselves, feeling out of step with those close to us, or feeling out of place in the world around us.
I believe the most important part of my role is to create an environment and relationship that is safe, and therefore, I work from an overarching anti-oppressive, trauma-informed and feminist lens.
There are times when we just don’t feel like ourselves. For some of us, this means feeling overwhelmed by our thoughts and emotions, while for others the disconnect can come from feeling nothing at all. This internal “ickiness” can show up through our emotions, thoughts, or in our body, and is often a scary, confusing, and unsettling experience. This intuitive feeling is typically caused by misalignment; whether it’s having conflict within ourselves, feeling out of step with those close to us, or feeling out of place in the world around us.
(825) 606-0433 View (825) 606-0433
Photo of Steven Hobkirk, MA, RCC, Counsellor
Steven Hobkirk
Counsellor, MA, RCC
Verified Verified
Vancouver, BC V5Z
In the context of a supportive therapeutic relationship, we will draw upon and expand your existing strengths, uncover aspects of yourself you may not have previously recognized, and develop new tools and strategies that will help get you to where you want to be.
Life is complex and ever-changing. Whether you're feeling stuck, struggling in relationships, having difficulty identifying your feelings and values, or struggling to process the effects of a trauma, I am dedicated to providing a safe, empathic, and trusting environment that fosters acceptance, understanding, healing, and growth. At the core of my work is the belief that every person has the capacity to change, and I am committed to working collaboratively with you to reach your goals.
In the context of a supportive therapeutic relationship, we will draw upon and expand your existing strengths, uncover aspects of yourself you may not have previously recognized, and develop new tools and strategies that will help get you to where you want to be.
Life is complex and ever-changing. Whether you're feeling stuck, struggling in relationships, having difficulty identifying your feelings and values, or struggling to process the effects of a trauma, I am dedicated to providing a safe, empathic, and trusting environment that fosters acceptance, understanding, healing, and growth. At the core of my work is the belief that every person has the capacity to change, and I am committed to working collaboratively with you to reach your goals.
(587) 207-4933 View (587) 207-4933
Photo of Jodi Campbell, MA, RCC, Counsellor
Jodi Campbell
Counsellor, MA, RCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Vancouver, BC V6H
My work is deeply rooted in the core of who I am.  When you show up in my office you won't find a freudian style couch to lie on, a note pad in my hand, or a wall of credentials (although I certainly have those too!). Instead you'll get my authentic self, the healing relationship that we form, and probably some tea.
My work is deeply rooted in the core of who I am.  When you show up in my office you won't find a freudian style couch to lie on, a note pad in my hand, or a wall of credentials (although I certainly have those too!). Instead you'll get my authentic self, the healing relationship that we form, and probably some tea.
(604) 283-1737 View (604) 283-1737
Photo of Nicole Che, MC, RCC, MD, MBBCh, Counsellor
Nicole Che
Counsellor, MC, RCC, MD, MBBCh
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Vancouver, BC V5Y  (Online Only)
I am non-pathologizing and empathetic as I strive to hold a safe and secure place for clients to embrace their vulnerability and create the possibility for a different and wonderful relationship with themselves and their worlds.
Welcoming new clients for virtual appointments only! My areas of focus revolve around the relationship with self and others (friends, partners, families), life transitions, and trauma. We will work together to reconnect you with yourself and make sense of the world around you. My hope is to help you find understanding, acceptance and clarity so you can get unstuck and choose a way forward. My experience includes working with people struggling with anxiety and depression, grief and loss, relationship challenges, self-love, complex PTSD/trauma, family conflict, and personality disorders.
I am non-pathologizing and empathetic as I strive to hold a safe and secure place for clients to embrace their vulnerability and create the possibility for a different and wonderful relationship with themselves and their worlds.
Welcoming new clients for virtual appointments only! My areas of focus revolve around the relationship with self and others (friends, partners, families), life transitions, and trauma. We will work together to reconnect you with yourself and make sense of the world around you. My hope is to help you find understanding, acceptance and clarity so you can get unstuck and choose a way forward. My experience includes working with people struggling with anxiety and depression, grief and loss, relationship challenges, self-love, complex PTSD/trauma, family conflict, and personality disorders.
(672) 906-1325 View (672) 906-1325
Photo of Heather Scott, MCP, RCC, Counsellor
Heather Scott
Counsellor, MCP, RCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Vancouver, BC V5V
Goodness of fit in the therapeutic relationship is imperative! Contact me for a free consultation.
Hi! I’m a Registered Clinical Counsellor & Clinical Director at Scott Sheere Wellness, providing counselling services online and in Vancouver’s Mt. Pleasant community. Using a range of therapeutic modalities I provide trauma-focused therapy for adults, with the bulk of my practice focusing on the experience of cis & trans women. I have specialized training in complex trauma, post-traumatic stress and dissociation. I am trained in the use of Trauma-Informed Stabilization Treatment, Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR), Mindful Self-Compassion, Motivational Interviewing and attachment-based somatic therapies.
Goodness of fit in the therapeutic relationship is imperative! Contact me for a free consultation.
Hi! I’m a Registered Clinical Counsellor & Clinical Director at Scott Sheere Wellness, providing counselling services online and in Vancouver’s Mt. Pleasant community. Using a range of therapeutic modalities I provide trauma-focused therapy for adults, with the bulk of my practice focusing on the experience of cis & trans women. I have specialized training in complex trauma, post-traumatic stress and dissociation. I am trained in the use of Trauma-Informed Stabilization Treatment, Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR), Mindful Self-Compassion, Motivational Interviewing and attachment-based somatic therapies.
(431) 441-1607 View (431) 441-1607
Photo of Hearts Matter Counselling Leanne Clarkson, RPC,  MPCC, Counsellor
Hearts Matter Counselling Leanne Clarkson
Counsellor, RPC, MPCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Vancouver, BC V6K
Leanne has a track record for helping couples create the relationship they deeply desire! With her specific couples therapy training and over 10 years of experience, she has the skills & ability to handle the most challenging of circumstances.
Listed as one of Vancouver’s top 3 marriage counsellors in Vancouver by Three Best Rated, Leanne’s specialty IS couples counselling. Are you in a relationship but feel alone, sad, hurt, resentful? Are you arguing about the same issues over & over with no change? Do you have unresolved hurt? Leanne can help. Her clients are couples struggling to find connection & happiness in their relationships. As a certified couples therapist, Leanne has the skills, experience & ability to handle the most challenging of circumstances. Leanne offers a free 15 minute consultation to see if she is a fit for you.
Leanne has a track record for helping couples create the relationship they deeply desire! With her specific couples therapy training and over 10 years of experience, she has the skills & ability to handle the most challenging of circumstances.
Listed as one of Vancouver’s top 3 marriage counsellors in Vancouver by Three Best Rated, Leanne’s specialty IS couples counselling. Are you in a relationship but feel alone, sad, hurt, resentful? Are you arguing about the same issues over & over with no change? Do you have unresolved hurt? Leanne can help. Her clients are couples struggling to find connection & happiness in their relationships. As a certified couples therapist, Leanne has the skills, experience & ability to handle the most challenging of circumstances. Leanne offers a free 15 minute consultation to see if she is a fit for you.
(604) 306-7140 View (604) 306-7140
Photo of Mikah Turner-Alexander, MCP, RCC, Counsellor
Mikah Turner-Alexander
Counsellor, MCP, RCC
Verified Verified
Vancouver, BC V6C
Whether you’re experiencing a life transition, anxiety, depression, trauma or discomfort in a relationship, let’s work together to create some time and a safe space for you to process and be your authentic self.
Are you tired of feeling the weight of all of those parenting tasks? Overwhelmed with conflict in your relationships? Are you struggling with a difficult decision, feeling worried about how the pandemic is impacting you, or in a new phase of your life that is causing you to redefine who you are and who you would like to become? You are not alone! I believe you are capable of not just surviving, but thriving. Together we can start to explore the reasons why and build your toolbox to ease some of those challenges.
Whether you’re experiencing a life transition, anxiety, depression, trauma or discomfort in a relationship, let’s work together to create some time and a safe space for you to process and be your authentic self.
Are you tired of feeling the weight of all of those parenting tasks? Overwhelmed with conflict in your relationships? Are you struggling with a difficult decision, feeling worried about how the pandemic is impacting you, or in a new phase of your life that is causing you to redefine who you are and who you would like to become? You are not alone! I believe you are capable of not just surviving, but thriving. Together we can start to explore the reasons why and build your toolbox to ease some of those challenges.
(450) 499-4158 View (450) 499-4158
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Relationship Issues Counsellors
While need for human connection appears to be innate, the ability to form healthy, loving relationships is learned. Some evidence suggests that the ability to form a stable relationship starts to form in infancy, in a child's earliest experiences with a caregiver who reliably meets the infant's needs for food, care, warmth, protection, stimulation, and social contact. Such relationships are not destiny, but they are theorized to establish deeply ingrained patterns of relating to others. The end of a relationship, however, is often a source of great psychological anguish.