Child Therapists in Don Mills, Toronto, ON

Photo of Shannon Deacon, BSW, MSW, Registered Social Worker
Shannon Deacon
Registered Social Worker, BSW, MSW
Verified Verified
Don Mills, Toronto, ON M3C
In the fast-paced world we live in today, many of us are struggling to keep up. Feeling overwhelmed and disconnected has become an unfortunate norm. Depression, anxiety, relationship issues abound as we struggle to find a way through it all. It is vital to find the space and time to reconnect with ourselves, our families and the world around us. Therapy can help us to find our way back. My work is to help you to reconnect to yourself and those around you. I work with families, children, couples and individuals to build and repair connections.
In the fast-paced world we live in today, many of us are struggling to keep up. Feeling overwhelmed and disconnected has become an unfortunate norm. Depression, anxiety, relationship issues abound as we struggle to find a way through it all. It is vital to find the space and time to reconnect with ourselves, our families and the world around us. Therapy can help us to find our way back. My work is to help you to reconnect to yourself and those around you. I work with families, children, couples and individuals to build and repair connections.
(437) 800-2189 View (437) 800-2189
Photo of Chantal Gray, MSW, RSW, Registered Social Worker
Chantal Gray
Registered Social Worker, MSW, RSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Don Mills, Toronto, ON M3C
Are you facing the challenges of setting boundaries, dealing with work-related or school stress, navigating anxiety, or coping with trauma and grief that impact your daily life? You don't have to face these struggles alone. I'm here to support you at any stage of your life journey. I bring a holistic and culturally responsive approach to therapy, tailored to meet the unique needs of children, youth, adults, and families. My practice is firmly rooted in the belief that everyone possesses inherent strengths that can be harnessed for healing and growth.
Are you facing the challenges of setting boundaries, dealing with work-related or school stress, navigating anxiety, or coping with trauma and grief that impact your daily life? You don't have to face these struggles alone. I'm here to support you at any stage of your life journey. I bring a holistic and culturally responsive approach to therapy, tailored to meet the unique needs of children, youth, adults, and families. My practice is firmly rooted in the belief that everyone possesses inherent strengths that can be harnessed for healing and growth.
(289) 206-8683 View (289) 206-8683
Photo of Christina Page - Whole Family Psychotherapy, MSW, RSW, CC-PMH, Registered Social Worker
Whole Family Psychotherapy
Registered Social Worker, MSW, RSW, CC-PMH
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Don Mills, Toronto, ON M3C
We offer individual, couple, family therapy for those TTC, who are pregnant and parents in any stage as well as your children, youth and teens.
The early years of parenting are wild - the intensity of our emotional experience catches most off guard - we desperately want to get it right with our little people; so the stakes feel high. Conflicts arise as we try to negotiate shifting roles and responsibilities while exhausted, under-supported, and lacking in time to ourselves. So many of us feel incredibly overwhelmed with decision making and day to day life with new babies, and disconnected from our partner because we don't have time, energy or the desire to connect in the ways we used to. It can feel like we are in the deep end, treading water with no end in sight.
We offer individual, couple, family therapy for those TTC, who are pregnant and parents in any stage as well as your children, youth and teens.
The early years of parenting are wild - the intensity of our emotional experience catches most off guard - we desperately want to get it right with our little people; so the stakes feel high. Conflicts arise as we try to negotiate shifting roles and responsibilities while exhausted, under-supported, and lacking in time to ourselves. So many of us feel incredibly overwhelmed with decision making and day to day life with new babies, and disconnected from our partner because we don't have time, energy or the desire to connect in the ways we used to. It can feel like we are in the deep end, treading water with no end in sight.
(226) 779-7928 View (226) 779-7928
Photo of Jill Steever - AM Wellness Therapy , BAAG , BSW , RSW , Registered Social Worker
AM Wellness Therapy
Registered Social Worker, BAAG , BSW , RSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Don Mills, Toronto, ON M3C
Tired of being exhausted? Not feeling yourself? Feeling guilty or shameful? I bring over 14 years of experience working in frontline/clinical social work to supporting my clients. During my career I have spent time in health care, including palliative care, end of life planning and treating sleep disorders. I have supported children, youth, families, individuals, and seniors in working with challenging issues surrounding incarceration, learning disabilities, coping with family members mental health struggles, and with transition and advocacy challenges. I look forward to helping you work towards your goals and the life you love.
Tired of being exhausted? Not feeling yourself? Feeling guilty or shameful? I bring over 14 years of experience working in frontline/clinical social work to supporting my clients. During my career I have spent time in health care, including palliative care, end of life planning and treating sleep disorders. I have supported children, youth, families, individuals, and seniors in working with challenging issues surrounding incarceration, learning disabilities, coping with family members mental health struggles, and with transition and advocacy challenges. I look forward to helping you work towards your goals and the life you love.
(506) 308-1528 View (506) 308-1528
Photo of Sumita Mendiratta- Specialist Learning Behavioural Issues, MPhil, MA, PGDGC, Counsellor
Sumita Mendiratta- Specialist Learning Behavioural Issues
Counsellor, MPhil, MA, PGDGC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Don Mills, Toronto, ON M3C  (Online Only)
Do you feel overwhelmed when you think about performing your daily tasks? Does it bother you to talk about your feelings to your loved ones? Is achieving your goals making you feel anxious? Do you feel need to learn coping skills to manage everyday conflicts? In these demanding times priortising mental well being becomes paramount. I work with individuals with learning challenges using Instrumental Enrichment Programme and Brain Gym to enhance problem solving skills reduce stress and optimize cognitive skills performance. Art Therapy helps individuals of all age groups to express their thoughts and feelings.
Do you feel overwhelmed when you think about performing your daily tasks? Does it bother you to talk about your feelings to your loved ones? Is achieving your goals making you feel anxious? Do you feel need to learn coping skills to manage everyday conflicts? In these demanding times priortising mental well being becomes paramount. I work with individuals with learning challenges using Instrumental Enrichment Programme and Brain Gym to enhance problem solving skills reduce stress and optimize cognitive skills performance. Art Therapy helps individuals of all age groups to express their thoughts and feelings.
(343) 453-4505 View (343) 453-4505
Photo of Katelyn Murphy Wellflower Counselling Murphy, MSW, RSW, Registered Social Worker
Katelyn Murphy Wellflower Counselling Murphy
Registered Social Worker, MSW, RSW
Verified Verified
Don Mills, Toronto, ON M3C  (Online Only)
Welcome! I am Kate, an ADHD and Trauma Specialist. My care work aims at establishing a collaborative and safe(r) therapeutic space together, while disrupting and undermining the various oppressive systems that impact our collective and individual wellness experiences. Regardless of whatever issue is affecting your wellbeing, I am here to support you in creating routes to comfort and positive change. In partnership we will explore your experiences and build a personalized care approach that is tailored to your individual needs.
Welcome! I am Kate, an ADHD and Trauma Specialist. My care work aims at establishing a collaborative and safe(r) therapeutic space together, while disrupting and undermining the various oppressive systems that impact our collective and individual wellness experiences. Regardless of whatever issue is affecting your wellbeing, I am here to support you in creating routes to comfort and positive change. In partnership we will explore your experiences and build a personalized care approach that is tailored to your individual needs.
(289) 312-2023 View (289) 312-2023
Photo of Jake Farr, MSW, RSW, Registered Social Worker
Jake Farr
Registered Social Worker, MSW, RSW
Verified Verified
Don Mills, Toronto, ON M3C  (Online Only)
My philosophy is, you are not broken, you are not something to be fixed! There is something you are wanting to change. That is the focus of what we can work on together. All individuals seeking assistance to navigate their life's journey are welcomed. I listen to what your needs are, help provide you with tools to find a path to break down barriers that are keeping you from living your best life. I believe a counsellor and a client must be able to establish a trusting relationship to make the most of the time spent together. I offer structured/non structured therapies depending on the needs of the clients.
My philosophy is, you are not broken, you are not something to be fixed! There is something you are wanting to change. That is the focus of what we can work on together. All individuals seeking assistance to navigate their life's journey are welcomed. I listen to what your needs are, help provide you with tools to find a path to break down barriers that are keeping you from living your best life. I believe a counsellor and a client must be able to establish a trusting relationship to make the most of the time spent together. I offer structured/non structured therapies depending on the needs of the clients.
(833) 559-7511 View (833) 559-7511
Photo of Wendy Mae Kirk, MDiv, RP, CIT, RLT, Registered Psychotherapist
Wendy Mae Kirk
Registered Psychotherapist, MDiv, RP, CIT, RLT
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Don Mills, Toronto, ON M3C
I am a Sex Therapist, Registered Psychotherapist, Certified Imago Therapist and Relational Life Therapist. I have been working with clients of various ages since 1996, providing support, direction, helping them make good decisions for their lives, as well as helping them heal from painful experiences in the past. I design a personalized, bespoke program of therapy, tailored to each person's individual needs. I work with clients that want to move forward into a healthier way of living, relating and becoming the best that they can be. I have personal experience with spoon therapy. For more information, please visit my website.
I am a Sex Therapist, Registered Psychotherapist, Certified Imago Therapist and Relational Life Therapist. I have been working with clients of various ages since 1996, providing support, direction, helping them make good decisions for their lives, as well as helping them heal from painful experiences in the past. I design a personalized, bespoke program of therapy, tailored to each person's individual needs. I work with clients that want to move forward into a healthier way of living, relating and becoming the best that they can be. I have personal experience with spoon therapy. For more information, please visit my website.
(647) 931-9528 View (647) 931-9528
Photo of Carly Clifton - Balanced Mind and Wellness Inc, MSc, RP, Registered Psychotherapist
Balanced Mind and Wellness Inc
Registered Psychotherapist, MSc, RP
Verified Verified
Don Mills, Toronto, ON M3C
Do you often find yourself living in the past, dwelling on things that have happened, or living in the future, worrying about what might happen? Having trouble dealing with or identifying depressed or anxious feelings? I can provide clarity, motivation, and help you put into words what you are experiencing. Life's issues define your world - I can bring passion and purpose back into your life, with effective solutions to specific problems. Our practice is practical and interactive. We work together as a team with you to find the best solution for you. Let us help you reach your true potential!
Do you often find yourself living in the past, dwelling on things that have happened, or living in the future, worrying about what might happen? Having trouble dealing with or identifying depressed or anxious feelings? I can provide clarity, motivation, and help you put into words what you are experiencing. Life's issues define your world - I can bring passion and purpose back into your life, with effective solutions to specific problems. Our practice is practical and interactive. We work together as a team with you to find the best solution for you. Let us help you reach your true potential!
(833) 748-9754 View (833) 748-9754
Photo of Suzie Quan, MSW, RSW, Registered Social Worker
Suzie Quan
Registered Social Worker, MSW, RSW
Verified Verified
Don Mills, Toronto, ON M3C
Life can present many different challenges. Some days can be more difficult than others. If you are experiencing feelings of stress, anxiety, depression, loss or loneliness, I am here for support. Whether the challenges include past pain, present stressors or concerns for your future, I can help you navigate through your days, explore ways to regain control of your life and create a better future with healthy relationships. I believe in every individual’s intrinsic worth and innate ability to tap into their strengths and rise out of life’s challenges. I am here to help you find your joy again.
Life can present many different challenges. Some days can be more difficult than others. If you are experiencing feelings of stress, anxiety, depression, loss or loneliness, I am here for support. Whether the challenges include past pain, present stressors or concerns for your future, I can help you navigate through your days, explore ways to regain control of your life and create a better future with healthy relationships. I believe in every individual’s intrinsic worth and innate ability to tap into their strengths and rise out of life’s challenges. I am here to help you find your joy again.
(289) 274-5590 View (289) 274-5590
Photo of Lourdes Murua, RP, Registered Psychotherapist
Lourdes Murua
Registered Psychotherapist, RP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Don Mills, Toronto, ON M3C  (Online Only)
I'm Lourdes, a bilingual therapist dedicated to offering culturally sensitive counseling. I provide therapy in both English and Spanish. I completely understand the challenges that come with managing feelings of depression, anxiety, negative self-talk, and low self-esteem and how they can have a significant impact on our daily lives. My goal during the sessions is to support clients in exploring their inner selves and acquiring the necessary skills to rebuild self-confidence and strive toward achieving their personal aspirations.
I'm Lourdes, a bilingual therapist dedicated to offering culturally sensitive counseling. I provide therapy in both English and Spanish. I completely understand the challenges that come with managing feelings of depression, anxiety, negative self-talk, and low self-esteem and how they can have a significant impact on our daily lives. My goal during the sessions is to support clients in exploring their inner selves and acquiring the necessary skills to rebuild self-confidence and strive toward achieving their personal aspirations.
(437) 663-7363 View (437) 663-7363
Photo of Meg Douglas - Meg Douglas, BEd, MEd, RCT-C
Meg Douglas
BEd, MEd, RCT-C
Verified Verified
Don Mills, Toronto, ON M3C
I help busy people get back their time and energy. Stressed at work, no time for yourself, challenges at home with family and boundaries, lost sight of your own personal goals and joys, finding your mindset is stuck in fear mode or worst-case scenario? Struggling with being an ADHD adult? These are all concerns of clients, and I have been where you are. Working in the areas of work, life and home, solution-focused coaching provides you with the opportunity to effectively reflective, review and actualize your goals. Finding joy is result of working with me as your coach/counsellor.
I help busy people get back their time and energy. Stressed at work, no time for yourself, challenges at home with family and boundaries, lost sight of your own personal goals and joys, finding your mindset is stuck in fear mode or worst-case scenario? Struggling with being an ADHD adult? These are all concerns of clients, and I have been where you are. Working in the areas of work, life and home, solution-focused coaching provides you with the opportunity to effectively reflective, review and actualize your goals. Finding joy is result of working with me as your coach/counsellor.
(902) 812-0075 View (902) 812-0075
Photo of Bud Sukhu, MA, RP, Licensed Professional Counsellor
Bud Sukhu
Licensed Professional Counsellor, MA, RP
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Don Mills, Toronto, ON M3C
Sometimes circumstances and events in our lives creates a tangled mess of our thoughts and feelings which leave us feeling helpless, lost, confused, anxious and stressed. Through my life experiences, education, skills, and training I can assist you in unravelling the thoughts that are preventing you from moving forward to live a normal and healthy life. Psychiatric consultation is available through a group of psychiatrist I work with for help with diagnosis and medication if required, through your doctor. This includes ADHD, mood or behavioural assessment. Direct bill to insurance is also available.
Sometimes circumstances and events in our lives creates a tangled mess of our thoughts and feelings which leave us feeling helpless, lost, confused, anxious and stressed. Through my life experiences, education, skills, and training I can assist you in unravelling the thoughts that are preventing you from moving forward to live a normal and healthy life. Psychiatric consultation is available through a group of psychiatrist I work with for help with diagnosis and medication if required, through your doctor. This includes ADHD, mood or behavioural assessment. Direct bill to insurance is also available.
(289) 207-6495 View (289) 207-6495
Photo of Natalie Ann Cournoyea - Natalie Cournoyea Psychotherapy Professional Corp., MA, RP, CSAT-S, Registered Psychotherapist
Natalie Cournoyea Psychotherapy Professional Corp.
Registered Psychotherapist, MA, RP, CSAT-S
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Don Mills, Toronto, ON M3C
Not accepting new clients
I am currently not taking on new clients. Providing you and your family with your own facilitated life solution toward recovery and treatment from relationship issues in intimacy and sexual health. I am dedicated to providing clients with a safe and healing environment where they can explore healthy ways to return to a life better than they have ever known. I believe that each individual and couple is endowed with a striving for both self-development and social meaning which is expressed in a sense of belonging, usefulness and contribution.
I am currently not taking on new clients. Providing you and your family with your own facilitated life solution toward recovery and treatment from relationship issues in intimacy and sexual health. I am dedicated to providing clients with a safe and healing environment where they can explore healthy ways to return to a life better than they have ever known. I believe that each individual and couple is endowed with a striving for both self-development and social meaning which is expressed in a sense of belonging, usefulness and contribution.
(855) 465-0806 View (855) 465-0806

Online Therapists

Photo of Sara Hashmi, RSW, BSW, Registered Social Worker
Sara Hashmi
Registered Social Worker, RSW, BSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Toronto, ON M4L
Sara is a Registered Social Worker, who is passionate about working with women, through all the beautiful, painful and chaotic seasons of life. She has experience working with children, youth, adults, couples and families. She recognizes every human comes with a variety of experiences in life, and takes a strengths based and trauma informed approach to counselling. She is passionate towards helping clients to strengthen their self care, and learn to nurture, soothe and care for their body, mind and soul.
Sara is a Registered Social Worker, who is passionate about working with women, through all the beautiful, painful and chaotic seasons of life. She has experience working with children, youth, adults, couples and families. She recognizes every human comes with a variety of experiences in life, and takes a strengths based and trauma informed approach to counselling. She is passionate towards helping clients to strengthen their self care, and learn to nurture, soothe and care for their body, mind and soul.
(647) 691-9367 View (647) 691-9367
Photo of Lori Younes, MSW, RSW, Registered Social Worker
Lori Younes
Registered Social Worker, MSW, RSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Toronto, ON M4M
I am a Registered Social Worker with over 15 years of experience working with children, youth and adults who present with challenges related to anxiety, depression, trauma, attachment, addiction, self-esteem and self-worth, stress, grief and loss, relationship issues and life transitions. I believe that every person is unique and together we will work to develop a treatment plan and strategies that work best for you. Providing a caring, compassionate and safe space for my clients, will help to foster a greater understanding of oneself and make positive changes.
I am a Registered Social Worker with over 15 years of experience working with children, youth and adults who present with challenges related to anxiety, depression, trauma, attachment, addiction, self-esteem and self-worth, stress, grief and loss, relationship issues and life transitions. I believe that every person is unique and together we will work to develop a treatment plan and strategies that work best for you. Providing a caring, compassionate and safe space for my clients, will help to foster a greater understanding of oneself and make positive changes.
(289) 216-6864 View (289) 216-6864
Photo of Aj Ware, MSW, RSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Aj Ware
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, RSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Toronto, ON M4J
I can help you, your child and/or family foster long term emotional health, by bringing elements of arts, nature, and play into my practice.
Every person has the potential to live an empowered, happy life. My practice offers therapy to children (5+), youth, young adults, families and couples. Being queer and gender fluid myself I am dedicated to the support of sexual identity and gender spectra as these are often issues that are accompanied by feelings of isolation and pain. Additionally, I can support children, youth and young adults with common issues such as overwhelm and anxiety, feelings of depression, trauma, navigating your friendships and romantic relationships, improving your sexual wellbeing as well as parenting support, family therapy and couples therapy.
I can help you, your child and/or family foster long term emotional health, by bringing elements of arts, nature, and play into my practice.
Every person has the potential to live an empowered, happy life. My practice offers therapy to children (5+), youth, young adults, families and couples. Being queer and gender fluid myself I am dedicated to the support of sexual identity and gender spectra as these are often issues that are accompanied by feelings of isolation and pain. Additionally, I can support children, youth and young adults with common issues such as overwhelm and anxiety, feelings of depression, trauma, navigating your friendships and romantic relationships, improving your sexual wellbeing as well as parenting support, family therapy and couples therapy.
(647) 492-4873 View (647) 492-4873
Photo of Deepika Birdi, MA, MPhil, Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying)
Deepika Birdi
Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying), MA, MPhil
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Toronto, ON M5T
My therapeutic approach is rooted in a deep understanding of child development and the belief that art provides a unique avenue for communication and self-discovery.
I offer art-based therapy to children and teens aged 4 to 18! I also offer groups therapy for adults. I utilize a variety of art modalities, including drawing, painting, sculpture, and play therapy techniques, tailored to each client's individual needs and preferences. Through narrative, client-centered, and strength-based approaches, I work with clients to build self-esteem, enhance coping skills, and navigate the complexities of their emotions.
My therapeutic approach is rooted in a deep understanding of child development and the belief that art provides a unique avenue for communication and self-discovery.
I offer art-based therapy to children and teens aged 4 to 18! I also offer groups therapy for adults. I utilize a variety of art modalities, including drawing, painting, sculpture, and play therapy techniques, tailored to each client's individual needs and preferences. Through narrative, client-centered, and strength-based approaches, I work with clients to build self-esteem, enhance coping skills, and navigate the complexities of their emotions.
(647) 493-3607 View (647) 493-3607
Photo of Melissa Roberts, RP, Registered Psychotherapist
Melissa Roberts
Registered Psychotherapist, RP
Verified Verified
Toronto, ON M5R  (Online Only)
I'm a registered psychotherapist with a specialization in forensic populations. I started my counselling career in Youth Justice working with at-risk youth, youth on probation, and youth in custody. After a number of years, I transitioned and continue to work at a Children Community Mental Health agency where I'm a clinical manager overseeing a number of children’s mental health programs and a large team of Psychotherapists, social workers, and other allied health professionals. I now work in private practice and am particularly passionate about working with children, youth, and adults dealing with the challenges of parenting.
I'm a registered psychotherapist with a specialization in forensic populations. I started my counselling career in Youth Justice working with at-risk youth, youth on probation, and youth in custody. After a number of years, I transitioned and continue to work at a Children Community Mental Health agency where I'm a clinical manager overseeing a number of children’s mental health programs and a large team of Psychotherapists, social workers, and other allied health professionals. I now work in private practice and am particularly passionate about working with children, youth, and adults dealing with the challenges of parenting.
(289) 273-8010 View (289) 273-8010
Photo of Sharon Xiao-Rong Zong, RP, RSW, MSW, Registered Psychotherapist
Sharon Xiao-Rong Zong
Registered Psychotherapist, RP, RSW, MSW
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Toronto, ON M5C
Waitlist for new clients
I am a psychotherapist in Hopewoods Psychotherapy, I have over 20 years of experience working with children, youths, adults, international students, couples, and families with complex needs.
It’s natural to encounter various forms of difficulties in life, feeling sad, anxious, angry, lonely, stuck, and depressed. Counselling and psychotherapy sessions can help you! These emotions are natural and temporary, I believe all of my clients have their own ability and strengths to gradually overcome and improve. My role as your therapist and your ally is being with you and walk alongside your journey. I am willing to help you to better handle life changes and to make more positive changes. As a member of Hopewoods Psychotherapy, we aim to provide professional mental health services for the Chinese community in Toronto.
I am a psychotherapist in Hopewoods Psychotherapy, I have over 20 years of experience working with children, youths, adults, international students, couples, and families with complex needs.
It’s natural to encounter various forms of difficulties in life, feeling sad, anxious, angry, lonely, stuck, and depressed. Counselling and psychotherapy sessions can help you! These emotions are natural and temporary, I believe all of my clients have their own ability and strengths to gradually overcome and improve. My role as your therapist and your ally is being with you and walk alongside your journey. I am willing to help you to better handle life changes and to make more positive changes. As a member of Hopewoods Psychotherapy, we aim to provide professional mental health services for the Chinese community in Toronto.
(647) 892-8984 View (647) 892-8984

See more therapy options for Don Mills, Toronto

Child Counsellors

Do I need to attend therapy with my child?

Parents are an integral part of a child’s therapy, but the specifics of their involvement vary. If your child is young, you may attend most or all sessions; if your child is older, you may attend a few sessions or none; sometimes a therapist may ask you to have a session on your own. Whatever the arrangement, you should expect to work collaboratively with the therapist, your child, and your family members to take steps to help support your child.

How long are sessions with child therapists?

Children’s therapy sessions can last 30 minutes, 45 minutes, or 60 minutes. The length of the session may depend on your child’s age and the type of therapy practiced. You can discuss this with therapists you consult and the one you ultimately move forward with.

How do I get a child to agree to seek therapy?

The best approach is to have an open-ended conversation with your child about how they’re doing and what they might be struggling with. When you raise therapy, discuss the concept in an age-appropriate way, for example explaining that a therapist’s job is to help kids handle their hard or uncomfortable feelings. Frame therapy positively, as an opportunity to explore and build emotional skills—it’s an important tool in the toolbox to help kids feel their best.

How can I tell if a therapist is a good fit for my child?

A child needs to feel comfortable opening up about their thoughts and feelings, so if your child feels a sense of comfort, ease, and trust with their therapist, that’s a great sign. In addition, a therapist is a good fit for your child if the two can communicate well together; a clinician should be able to communicate clearly, effectively, and in an age-appropriate manner.