Strength-Based Therapists in Thornhill, ON

Photo of Sherry Rapuch, MSW, RSW, Registered Social Worker
Sherry Rapuch
Registered Social Worker, MSW, RSW
Verified Verified
Thornhill, ON L4J
If you are reading this you have taken the first step in helping yourself or someone you care about. I hope you feel brave and proud. I am a therapist with over 40 years of experience. I will work with you and your child in order for you to reach your goals. My approach is to provide a safe supportive space for clients to share their worries, concerns, feelings and thoughts. Working from a strength based position, I use talk therapy and play based approaches utilizing techniques from solution focused therapy, CBT and systems. I use an eclectic approach as every client and their needs are unique.
If you are reading this you have taken the first step in helping yourself or someone you care about. I hope you feel brave and proud. I am a therapist with over 40 years of experience. I will work with you and your child in order for you to reach your goals. My approach is to provide a safe supportive space for clients to share their worries, concerns, feelings and thoughts. Working from a strength based position, I use talk therapy and play based approaches utilizing techniques from solution focused therapy, CBT and systems. I use an eclectic approach as every client and their needs are unique.
(289) 802-2175 View (289) 802-2175
Photo of Jocelyn Hsu, BSW, MSW, RSW, Registered Social Worker
Jocelyn Hsu
Registered Social Worker, BSW, MSW, RSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Thornhill, ON L4J  (Online Only)
As a therapist, I integrate therapy methods and practice in the anti-oppression, anti-racism framework with a strength-based focus.
You feel life is hard and you are a bit stuck. You feel overwhelmed by current challenges, perhaps exhausted from past trauma, and being anxious about the future. You are looking for some clarity and tools to feel less stressed. If this is the time that you are looking for growth and mental health wellbeing, I am here for you, offering sessions tailored towards your unique needs. Over 17 years, I have worked with clients from diverse backgrounds, and assisted many of them in tough situations, including trauma in different life stages. I provide individual, couple, and family sessions to support you through challenging times.
As a therapist, I integrate therapy methods and practice in the anti-oppression, anti-racism framework with a strength-based focus.
You feel life is hard and you are a bit stuck. You feel overwhelmed by current challenges, perhaps exhausted from past trauma, and being anxious about the future. You are looking for some clarity and tools to feel less stressed. If this is the time that you are looking for growth and mental health wellbeing, I am here for you, offering sessions tailored towards your unique needs. Over 17 years, I have worked with clients from diverse backgrounds, and assisted many of them in tough situations, including trauma in different life stages. I provide individual, couple, and family sessions to support you through challenging times.
(289) 206-8777 View (289) 206-8777
Photo of Robert Pal, ADHD, Coach
Robert Pal
ADHD, Coach
Verified Verified
Thornhill, ON L3T
The strength-based solution approach I use is based on an integration of my training in various coaching and therapeutic methods, (Mindfulness, positive psychology, internal family systems, cognitive behavioral therapy, and solution-focused coaching) along with my 20 years of results-oriented business experience.
I help my clients through various challenges and transitions in their personal and professional lives. Most are smart and interesting people who have experienced various levels of success, but currently they could be: 1: Having difficulty accomplishing certain things due to executive functioning challenges such as organization, planning, focus and time management .2: Feeling overwhelmed, anxious, unmotivated or depressed and unable to balance conflicting demands and priorities. 3: Feeling stuck and unsure of what's holding them back. 4: Experiencing leadership or relationship challenges
The strength-based solution approach I use is based on an integration of my training in various coaching and therapeutic methods, (Mindfulness, positive psychology, internal family systems, cognitive behavioral therapy, and solution-focused coaching) along with my 20 years of results-oriented business experience.
I help my clients through various challenges and transitions in their personal and professional lives. Most are smart and interesting people who have experienced various levels of success, but currently they could be: 1: Having difficulty accomplishing certain things due to executive functioning challenges such as organization, planning, focus and time management .2: Feeling overwhelmed, anxious, unmotivated or depressed and unable to balance conflicting demands and priorities. 3: Feeling stuck and unsure of what's holding them back. 4: Experiencing leadership or relationship challenges
(855) 999-1753 View (855) 999-1753
Photo of Dilakshi Jeyakaran, MPsy, RP, Registered Psychotherapist
Dilakshi Jeyakaran
Registered Psychotherapist, MPsy, RP
Verified Verified
Thornhill, ON L4J  (Online Only)
Some life transitions can be anxiety-provoking and it can be a lot to manage on your own. You may find yourself facing triggering events that cause unpleasant memories and cause you to face aspects of yourself that are uncomfortable. I’m here to support you on your journey toward healing and personal growth. I use a strength-based approach, pulling from various therapy modalities to best suit my client's unique experiences.
Some life transitions can be anxiety-provoking and it can be a lot to manage on your own. You may find yourself facing triggering events that cause unpleasant memories and cause you to face aspects of yourself that are uncomfortable. I’m here to support you on your journey toward healing and personal growth. I use a strength-based approach, pulling from various therapy modalities to best suit my client's unique experiences.
(289) 212-7539 View (289) 212-7539
Photo of Nechama Zuchter, BSc, Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying)
Nechama Zuchter
Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying), BSc
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Thornhill, ON L4J  (Online Only)
I utilize Cognitive-Behavioural Therapy (CBT), Dialectical Behavioural Therapy (DBT), Strength-Based Therapy, and Solution-Focused Therapy.
Life often presents us with unexpected twists and turns that challenge us in ways we never imagined. Amid these uncertainties, recognizing the need for support takes great courage. Whether you're dealing with anxiety, depression, loneliness, relationship issues, or a major life transition, you don't have to face these obstacles alone. I offer a safe and supportive environment with warmth and empathy, where we can explore your thoughts and feelings, identify your strengths and challenges, and discover your true self along with opportunities for growth and transformation. You deserve to live a life of joy, connection, and purpose.
I utilize Cognitive-Behavioural Therapy (CBT), Dialectical Behavioural Therapy (DBT), Strength-Based Therapy, and Solution-Focused Therapy.
Life often presents us with unexpected twists and turns that challenge us in ways we never imagined. Amid these uncertainties, recognizing the need for support takes great courage. Whether you're dealing with anxiety, depression, loneliness, relationship issues, or a major life transition, you don't have to face these obstacles alone. I offer a safe and supportive environment with warmth and empathy, where we can explore your thoughts and feelings, identify your strengths and challenges, and discover your true self along with opportunities for growth and transformation. You deserve to live a life of joy, connection, and purpose.
(249) 200-5566 View (249) 200-5566
Photo of Dr. Marina Heifetz - Mindful Psychology & Wellness Centre, PhD, CPsych, Psychologist
Mindful Psychology & Wellness Centre
Psychologist, PhD, CPsych
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Thornhill, ON L3T
We work collaboratively with clients from a strength-based approach to help them connect with their values and overcome difficulties.
"How do I help my child keep their cool?" "How do I connect with my teen?" Parenting is hard. In fact, it may be the hardest thing we do in our lives. We live in a world that is increasingly becoming busier, competitive, and full of stressors. At Mindful Psychology and Wellness Centre we are here to support your family's journey and guide you in nurturing kindness, resilience, and confidence in your child and your relationship with them. As parents and professionals, we know how tricky life can get and we are here to help you find the right care for you.
We work collaboratively with clients from a strength-based approach to help them connect with their values and overcome difficulties.
"How do I help my child keep their cool?" "How do I connect with my teen?" Parenting is hard. In fact, it may be the hardest thing we do in our lives. We live in a world that is increasingly becoming busier, competitive, and full of stressors. At Mindful Psychology and Wellness Centre we are here to support your family's journey and guide you in nurturing kindness, resilience, and confidence in your child and your relationship with them. As parents and professionals, we know how tricky life can get and we are here to help you find the right care for you.
(289) 271-0569 View (289) 271-0569
Photo of Aliza Neger, MSW, BSW, RSW, SSW, Registered Social Worker
Aliza Neger
Registered Social Worker, MSW, BSW, RSW, SSW
Verified Verified
Thornhill, ON L4J
I use a variety of therapeutic approaches in my work, including EMDR, Cognitive Behavioural Therapy, Dialectical Behavioural Therapy, Mindfulness, Strength-based, Attachment Theory, and Psychosocial Rehabilitation.
Quick, close your eyes. Where do you expect to be in five years? When I was in my own despair, I never would have imagined that less than five years after living through such tumultuous times, my life would bring me to this incredible field. My work is now my calling and I am super passionate about supporting my clients through their growth and change. For over a decade, I have worked with a range of private clients and organizations. My years of experience has introduced me to clients and their families, experiencing highly diverse struggles including trauma, depression, anxiety, personality disorders, substance abuse, and more.
I use a variety of therapeutic approaches in my work, including EMDR, Cognitive Behavioural Therapy, Dialectical Behavioural Therapy, Mindfulness, Strength-based, Attachment Theory, and Psychosocial Rehabilitation.
Quick, close your eyes. Where do you expect to be in five years? When I was in my own despair, I never would have imagined that less than five years after living through such tumultuous times, my life would bring me to this incredible field. My work is now my calling and I am super passionate about supporting my clients through their growth and change. For over a decade, I have worked with a range of private clients and organizations. My years of experience has introduced me to clients and their families, experiencing highly diverse struggles including trauma, depression, anxiety, personality disorders, substance abuse, and more.
(647) 424-5061 View (647) 424-5061
Photo of Neilia Sherman - Neilia Sherman Counselling Services, Honours, BA, Psyc, MSW, RSW, Registered Social Worker
Neilia Sherman Counselling Services
Registered Social Worker, Honours, BA, Psyc, MSW, RSW
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Thornhill, ON L4J
Do you feel stuck? Relationship problems, lack of confidence, anxiety--these are just some of the reasons that people feel unhappy. LIFE IS TOO SHORT TO STRUGGLE ALONE. I have many years of experience in the mental health field and I enjoy helping my clients to identify and work through their blocks to leading a happy and emotionally healthy life. I am down to earth, easy to talk to and I have a good sense of humour. I am open-minded and motivated to listen to your needs and and help you to formulate a plan for moving forward.
Do you feel stuck? Relationship problems, lack of confidence, anxiety--these are just some of the reasons that people feel unhappy. LIFE IS TOO SHORT TO STRUGGLE ALONE. I have many years of experience in the mental health field and I enjoy helping my clients to identify and work through their blocks to leading a happy and emotionally healthy life. I am down to earth, easy to talk to and I have a good sense of humour. I am open-minded and motivated to listen to your needs and and help you to formulate a plan for moving forward.
(289) 207-7618 View (289) 207-7618
Photo of Toyah Israelstam, MEd, RP, Registered Psychotherapist
Toyah Israelstam
Registered Psychotherapist, MEd, RP
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Thornhill, ON L4J
I have dedicated my psychotherapy practice to supporting individuals in navigating challenging life circumstances. Are you wanting to process and heal trauma lingering from your childhood or your past? Perhaps you hope to build a healthier, more compassionate, and accepting, relationship with yourself. A supportive and compassionate therapist can help you navigate deep-seated beliefs around unworthiness, "never good enough", shame, perfectionism, or self-doubt. I also support individuals with anxiety, depression, relationships, self-esteem, anger, and grief. I have extensive trauma experience. I also support chronic pain/disability.
I have dedicated my psychotherapy practice to supporting individuals in navigating challenging life circumstances. Are you wanting to process and heal trauma lingering from your childhood or your past? Perhaps you hope to build a healthier, more compassionate, and accepting, relationship with yourself. A supportive and compassionate therapist can help you navigate deep-seated beliefs around unworthiness, "never good enough", shame, perfectionism, or self-doubt. I also support individuals with anxiety, depression, relationships, self-esteem, anger, and grief. I have extensive trauma experience. I also support chronic pain/disability.
(289) 807-0428 View (289) 807-0428
Photo of Homaira Ghazvini Nejad-, Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying)
Homaira Ghazvini Nejad-
Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying)
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Thornhill, ON L3T
Happiness is a direction, not a place. I am experienced in providing counselling services for individuals, families and couples with anxiety, OCD, anger, depression, bereavement (grief) and PTSD issues. I can help the clients to learn or improve their communication skills, and marital conflict solution strategies. Pre-marriage and marriage, infidelity, and divorce counselling services are provided. Play therapy will be provided for children with behavioural problems.
Happiness is a direction, not a place. I am experienced in providing counselling services for individuals, families and couples with anxiety, OCD, anger, depression, bereavement (grief) and PTSD issues. I can help the clients to learn or improve their communication skills, and marital conflict solution strategies. Pre-marriage and marriage, infidelity, and divorce counselling services are provided. Play therapy will be provided for children with behavioural problems.
(647) 691-5168 View (647) 691-5168
Photo of Meagan Wachtel, RP, Registered Psychotherapist
Meagan Wachtel
Registered Psychotherapist, RP
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Thornhill, ON L4J
Do you feel stuck in your life? Do you feel stressed, sad or anxious? Are you going through some significant changes in your family and relationships? Many people struggle to cope when change happens. Reaching out for support is a great way to strengthen your ability to handle change, stress and emotional challenges. I am a registered psychotherapist specializing in working with families, individuals, children, youth and couples. I work with my clients to strengthen and build coping & life skills. I also work with clients to help them process difficult experiences- moving forward towards a healthier and more productive life.
Do you feel stuck in your life? Do you feel stressed, sad or anxious? Are you going through some significant changes in your family and relationships? Many people struggle to cope when change happens. Reaching out for support is a great way to strengthen your ability to handle change, stress and emotional challenges. I am a registered psychotherapist specializing in working with families, individuals, children, youth and couples. I work with my clients to strengthen and build coping & life skills. I also work with clients to help them process difficult experiences- moving forward towards a healthier and more productive life.
(647) 957-7839 View (647) 957-7839
Photo of Trevor Hart, PhD, CPsych, Psychologist
Trevor Hart
Psychologist, PhD, CPsych
Verified Verified
Thornhill, ON L4J
My main therapy model is cognitive-behaviour therapy, which means I help clients to change their ways of thinking and how they engage their lives, in order to help clients to achieve their personal life goals. I also work from a motivational interviewing/counselling framework for people who are seeking to make important life decisions or who need help with making change or improving their health behaviours. I work with patients with problems with anxiety, depression, relationships, problems making life decisions, sexual functioning problems, and coping with chronic diseases like heart disease, cancer, diabetes, HIV, and pain.
My main therapy model is cognitive-behaviour therapy, which means I help clients to change their ways of thinking and how they engage their lives, in order to help clients to achieve their personal life goals. I also work from a motivational interviewing/counselling framework for people who are seeking to make important life decisions or who need help with making change or improving their health behaviours. I work with patients with problems with anxiety, depression, relationships, problems making life decisions, sexual functioning problems, and coping with chronic diseases like heart disease, cancer, diabetes, HIV, and pain.
(647) 977-5896 View (647) 977-5896
Photo of Amir Mirbolooki, RP, MAPsy, CBT, Registered Psychotherapist
Amir Mirbolooki
Registered Psychotherapist, RP, MAPsy, CBT
Verified Verified
Thornhill, ON L3T
You might be feeling the weight of depression, stress and burnout, yearning for a life where inspiration and productivity coexist. Your journey is about transforming challenges into opportunities, overcoming limiting beliefs, and rediscovering the joy in your everyday life. Together, we'll navigate a path to a happier, more fulfilling existence—one where you feel empowered, capable, and in control. As a CBT Clinician working in the High-Intensity, and Low-Intensity Programs in Ontario for several years, I focus on treating Depression, Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD), PTSD, Social Anxiety Disorder, Health Anxiety, and Panic.
You might be feeling the weight of depression, stress and burnout, yearning for a life where inspiration and productivity coexist. Your journey is about transforming challenges into opportunities, overcoming limiting beliefs, and rediscovering the joy in your everyday life. Together, we'll navigate a path to a happier, more fulfilling existence—one where you feel empowered, capable, and in control. As a CBT Clinician working in the High-Intensity, and Low-Intensity Programs in Ontario for several years, I focus on treating Depression, Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD), PTSD, Social Anxiety Disorder, Health Anxiety, and Panic.
(289) 769-9590 View (289) 769-9590
Photo of Aneta Chencinski, BSc, MEd, IMM, Registered Psychotherapist
Aneta Chencinski
Registered Psychotherapist, BSc, MEd, IMM
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Thornhill, ON L4J
Are you a parent? Exhausted and terrified parent of a teen suffering from eating disorder? Is there no time in your life to stop, think, decide what to do next? As a mother of a teen (now adult) that recovered from anorexia I am here to tell you that you have to find time for yourself, you have to find a community that will support you so you can continue to support your child. You have to find ways to stay Compassionate, Calm and Consistent. In 1:1 or in a group setting you will get tips, answers and tools you need to be the most efficient and successful and to provide the best support during your teen recovery.
Are you a parent? Exhausted and terrified parent of a teen suffering from eating disorder? Is there no time in your life to stop, think, decide what to do next? As a mother of a teen (now adult) that recovered from anorexia I am here to tell you that you have to find time for yourself, you have to find a community that will support you so you can continue to support your child. You have to find ways to stay Compassionate, Calm and Consistent. In 1:1 or in a group setting you will get tips, answers and tools you need to be the most efficient and successful and to provide the best support during your teen recovery.
(365) 601-4182 View (365) 601-4182
Photo of Fataneh Farnia, PhD, Registered Psychotherapist
Fataneh Farnia
Registered Psychotherapist, PhD
Verified Verified
Thornhill, ON L3T
Children and youth often experience strong emotions (anxiety, sadness, anger, fear) that are the roots of their behavioral challenges, self- and emotion dysregulation, and other adjustment issues. These issues negatively impact their quality of life. Through play and art therapy, I facilitate and witness the unfolding of children's lived experiences. I help them to explore and express their thoughts, emotions and memories that may not be easily expressed using words. Through interacting with their personal symbols in the play or their art, children gain self-acceptance which is the bridge to healing the inner pain and trauma.
Children and youth often experience strong emotions (anxiety, sadness, anger, fear) that are the roots of their behavioral challenges, self- and emotion dysregulation, and other adjustment issues. These issues negatively impact their quality of life. Through play and art therapy, I facilitate and witness the unfolding of children's lived experiences. I help them to explore and express their thoughts, emotions and memories that may not be easily expressed using words. Through interacting with their personal symbols in the play or their art, children gain self-acceptance which is the bridge to healing the inner pain and trauma.
(647) 905-8845 View (647) 905-8845
Photo of Mirlande Mareus Dickinson, RSW, RP-Q, MA, Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying)
Mirlande Mareus Dickinson
Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying), RSW, RP-Q, MA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Thornhill, ON L4J
I help racialized youth and adults talk about adversity and normalize their resilience. If you've continuously been told a story about yourself, sometimes you start to believe it.
I help racialized youth and adults talk about adversity and normalize their resilience. If you've continuously been told a story about yourself, sometimes you start to believe it.
(289) 312-0759 View (289) 312-0759
Photo of Gabbi Silverberg - Divorce Therapist, BA, BSW, MSW, RSW, Registered Social Worker
Gabbi Silverberg - Divorce Therapist
Registered Social Worker, BA, BSW, MSW, RSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Thornhill, ON L4J
Whether you are contemplating ending your marriage, adjusting to being a single parent or struggling to manage the complexities of your new life, I understand how this process is a huge life-changing event. Managing a separation and divorce can be scary. You may be confronted with multiple demands, challenges, and emotions such as fear, grief, anger, confusion, anxiety, depression, a loss of self and a sense of being overwhelmed. I am here to listen, empathize and support you in reaching your personal goals as you move through this next chapter of life.
Whether you are contemplating ending your marriage, adjusting to being a single parent or struggling to manage the complexities of your new life, I understand how this process is a huge life-changing event. Managing a separation and divorce can be scary. You may be confronted with multiple demands, challenges, and emotions such as fear, grief, anger, confusion, anxiety, depression, a loss of self and a sense of being overwhelmed. I am here to listen, empathize and support you in reaching your personal goals as you move through this next chapter of life.
(365) 298-0285 View (365) 298-0285
Photo of Heebong Chang, RP, MDiv, MFA, Registered Psychotherapist
Heebong Chang
Registered Psychotherapist, RP, MDiv, MFA
Verified Verified
Thornhill, ON L3T
I am a registered psychotherapist who speaks Korean and English. I provide psychotherapy practice to individuals, families and couples therapy in both face-to-face and virtual settings. Treatment focuses include depression, anxiety, low self-esteem, conflict resolution, stress-related issues, anger management, and life transition.
I am a registered psychotherapist who speaks Korean and English. I provide psychotherapy practice to individuals, families and couples therapy in both face-to-face and virtual settings. Treatment focuses include depression, anxiety, low self-esteem, conflict resolution, stress-related issues, anger management, and life transition.
(647) 696-7247 View (647) 696-7247
Photo of Jennifer Shneer, AWCCA, MSW, RSW, CT, Registered Social Worker
Jennifer Shneer
Registered Social Worker, AWCCA, MSW, RSW, CT
Verified Verified
Thornhill, ON L4J  (Online Only)
As a therapist, my goal is to help you uncover your true potential and lead a life that is worth celebrating. While we can't change difficult situations of the past, we can work together to better understand and resolve challenges in your life. By applying practical therapeutic approaches and techniques, we may discover long-standing behaviour patterns or negative perceptions that may be holding you back from experiencing a more fulfilling and meaningful life. Growth is definitely in your hands!
As a therapist, my goal is to help you uncover your true potential and lead a life that is worth celebrating. While we can't change difficult situations of the past, we can work together to better understand and resolve challenges in your life. By applying practical therapeutic approaches and techniques, we may discover long-standing behaviour patterns or negative perceptions that may be holding you back from experiencing a more fulfilling and meaningful life. Growth is definitely in your hands!
(416) 712-2646 View (416) 712-2646
Photo of Arielle Buch-Frohlich - Dr. Arielle Buch-Frohlich, Clinical Psychologist, PsyD, Psychologist
Dr. Arielle Buch-Frohlich, Clinical Psychologist
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Thornhill, ON L4J
Over the years I have specialized in working with adults to help them thrive in relationships and social situations. My goal is to help individuals and couples achieve, and most importantly, sustain healthy relationships. Specializing in social anxiety and assertiveness, dating and relationships, as well as family planning and parenting. My number one objective is to provide you with the proper strategies to have successful interactions with the important people in your life. My practice includes Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT), Mindfulness Based Approaches, Young Schema Therapy and Emotionally Focused Therapy (EFT).
Over the years I have specialized in working with adults to help them thrive in relationships and social situations. My goal is to help individuals and couples achieve, and most importantly, sustain healthy relationships. Specializing in social anxiety and assertiveness, dating and relationships, as well as family planning and parenting. My number one objective is to provide you with the proper strategies to have successful interactions with the important people in your life. My practice includes Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT), Mindfulness Based Approaches, Young Schema Therapy and Emotionally Focused Therapy (EFT).
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Strength-Based Counsellors

How does strength-based therapy work?

During strength-based therapy sessions, the therapist will ask about an individual’s experiences of stress, pain, or trauma with the goal of orienting the client to view themselves as a survivor rather than a victim, and focusing on their strengths rather than on their weaknesses. In framing a client’s personal narrative along these lines, the therapist and client work together to identify existing skills that can be harnessed.

Is strength-based therapy evidence-based?

Strength-based therapy is an evidence-based treatment that has been studied extensively and shown to be effective across domains. The treatment has been found to be particularly effective in helping individuals who are experiencing stress, anxiety, depression, trauma, and other mental health concerns. Strength-based therapy has been used by therapists to help clients for more than 60 years.

How long does strength-based therapy last?

There’s no precise timeline for strength-based therapy. The duration of treatment depends on the individual’s specific needs and goals and the severity of their concerns. Some individuals may find they achieve their therapeutic goals quickly, while others might benefit from ongoing support and guidance in order to continue progressing.

How effective is strength-based therapy?

Clinical research and decades of practice have shown strength-based therapy to be an effective treatment to improve mental health and well-being for many conditions. The treatment can engender a sense of connection and collaboration between the therapist and the individual, fostering a positive therapeutic relationship. For individuals with narcissistic tendencies, strength-based therapy may be less effective, as the focus on the individual’s strengths may undermine the work needed to honestly assess the challenges the individual faces.