Therapists in Richmond, ON

Photo of Kendra McRoberts - LightHouse Counselling & Wellness-Kendra McRoberts, RSSW
LightHouse Counselling & Wellness-Kendra McRoberts
Registered Social Service Worker, RSSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Richmond, ON K0A
Are you a parent who wants support on how to parent your child who is struggling with their mental health? Is your child or teen struggling with behavioural challenges and big emotions at home and or at school? My passion is working with parents, children and youth to help them understand the root of their child’s behaviours and how to address them in a way that strengthens parents relationship with their children. There is so much conflicting information on how to help your child. I will work together with you to develop a plan that works for your particular family. You are not meant to figure this out on your own.
Are you a parent who wants support on how to parent your child who is struggling with their mental health? Is your child or teen struggling with behavioural challenges and big emotions at home and or at school? My passion is working with parents, children and youth to help them understand the root of their child’s behaviours and how to address them in a way that strengthens parents relationship with their children. There is so much conflicting information on how to help your child. I will work together with you to develop a plan that works for your particular family. You are not meant to figure this out on your own.
(343) 700-5472 View (343) 700-5472
Photo of Karen Barclay, MHSc, RP , Registered Psychotherapist
Karen Barclay
Registered Psychotherapist, MHSc, RP
Verified Verified
Richmond, ON K0A  (Online Only)
Love working with people not just to help you think in a way that will move you in a direction you value, but also, to help you understand how to maximize your environment to enhance your well-being.
Love working with people not just to help you think in a way that will move you in a direction you value, but also, to help you understand how to maximize your environment to enhance your well-being.
(343) 307-5941 View (343) 307-5941
Photo of Chris Clapp - Willow Wellness, MSW, RSW, Registered Social Worker
Chris Clapp - Willow Wellness
Registered Social Worker, MSW, RSW
Verified Verified
Richmond, ON K0A
With 20+ years working in community, mental health and social justice, Chris has a passion for providing a non-judgmental approach. She believes wholeheartedly in wellness so that movement, meditation and other practices are part of our healing. Chris gets excited to help you find your most aligned self. She has a team of therapists: Randy (couples & family), Melissa (anxiety & mood, stress & trauma) and Sophie (big feelings for youth 12+/young adults). And -Chris owns a holistic wellness centre - see website for menu of services for your mental wellness journey! Monthly Yoga membership may be covered by your Mental Health Benefits.
With 20+ years working in community, mental health and social justice, Chris has a passion for providing a non-judgmental approach. She believes wholeheartedly in wellness so that movement, meditation and other practices are part of our healing. Chris gets excited to help you find your most aligned self. She has a team of therapists: Randy (couples & family), Melissa (anxiety & mood, stress & trauma) and Sophie (big feelings for youth 12+/young adults). And -Chris owns a holistic wellness centre - see website for menu of services for your mental wellness journey! Monthly Yoga membership may be covered by your Mental Health Benefits.
(343) 309-5393 View (343) 309-5393
Photo of Jessica Lee House, MA, RP, CCC, Registered Psychotherapist
Jessica Lee House
Registered Psychotherapist, MA, RP, CCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Richmond, ON K0A
My mission is to help you feel your best, to offer support and guidance on your journey to feeling your best and living your best life. At the heart of my practice is the belief that every single human being wants to do well and can do well with the right support. I provide non-judgemental psychotherapeutic support to children, youth, parents and families who are experiencing emotional, behavioural, social, and/or relational challenges at home, at school, in the community, and/or in the workplace.
My mission is to help you feel your best, to offer support and guidance on your journey to feeling your best and living your best life. At the heart of my practice is the belief that every single human being wants to do well and can do well with the right support. I provide non-judgemental psychotherapeutic support to children, youth, parents and families who are experiencing emotional, behavioural, social, and/or relational challenges at home, at school, in the community, and/or in the workplace.
(343) 341-8882 View (343) 341-8882
Photo of Celia Renaud- Lighthouse Counselling And Wellness, MA, RP, Registered Psychotherapist
Celia Renaud- Lighthouse Counselling And Wellness
Registered Psychotherapist, MA, RP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Richmond, ON K0A
Hello and welcome! When it comes to therapy, there is no one-size-fits-all approach. I adhere to a person-centred approach to ensure that each client’s unique goals and needs are met. In doing so, I work with clients to process their difficult emotions, uncover unhelpful patterns, and help them to rebuild their ability to cope. I strive to create a safe space for clients to be able to express their authentic self, and work collaboratively to help them heal and grow.
Hello and welcome! When it comes to therapy, there is no one-size-fits-all approach. I adhere to a person-centred approach to ensure that each client’s unique goals and needs are met. In doing so, I work with clients to process their difficult emotions, uncover unhelpful patterns, and help them to rebuild their ability to cope. I strive to create a safe space for clients to be able to express their authentic self, and work collaboratively to help them heal and grow.
(343) 321-0236 View (343) 321-0236
Photo of Aaliya Blais-Batres, BA, Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying)
Aaliya Blais-Batres
Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying), BA
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Richmond, ON K0A
Navigating the complexities of one’s past or present experiences can indeed be daunting, and the idea of discussing them with a stranger may feel overwhelming. I understand that taking the first step towards therapy can be challenging. As your therapist, I recognize the unique nature of each individual’s journey and strive to make the process as comfortable as possible. Embracing a holistic and client-centered approach, I tailor my methods to accommodate your specific needs and therapy goals. Creating a safe and supportive space is paramount to me.
Navigating the complexities of one’s past or present experiences can indeed be daunting, and the idea of discussing them with a stranger may feel overwhelming. I understand that taking the first step towards therapy can be challenging. As your therapist, I recognize the unique nature of each individual’s journey and strive to make the process as comfortable as possible. Embracing a holistic and client-centered approach, I tailor my methods to accommodate your specific needs and therapy goals. Creating a safe and supportive space is paramount to me.
(365) 675-0481 View (365) 675-0481
Photo of Possibilities Clinic - Possibilities Clinic, PhD, CPsych, RSW, CASLPO, OT Reg, Psychiatrist
Possibilities Clinic
Psychiatrist, PhD, CPsych, RSW, CASLPO, OT Reg
Verified Verified
Richmond, ON K0A
Possibilities Clinic offers a unique team approach on all diagnostic assessments and treatment plans which includes ADHD, Learning Disabilities, Tourette Syndrome/Tic Disorder, OCD, Autism and Early Language & Social Development. Possibilities Clinic serves children, teens, and adults across Ontario with in-person and Telemedicine assessments and treatments.
Possibilities Clinic offers a unique team approach on all diagnostic assessments and treatment plans which includes ADHD, Learning Disabilities, Tourette Syndrome/Tic Disorder, OCD, Autism and Early Language & Social Development. Possibilities Clinic serves children, teens, and adults across Ontario with in-person and Telemedicine assessments and treatments.
(647) 699-4288 View (647) 699-4288
Photo of Jessica Jones - Psykhe Psychotherapy, RP, OAMHP, MACP, BA, Registered Psychotherapist
Jessica Jones - Psykhe Psychotherapy
Registered Psychotherapist, RP, OAMHP, MACP, BA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Richmond, ON K0A  (Online Only)
I am a Registered Psychotherapist with the College of Registered Psychotherapists of Ontario (CRPO) and a member of the Ontario Association of Mental Health Professionals (OAMHP). I have been studying psychology for over 10 years and I have earned my Master's of Arts in Counselling Psychology (MACP). My passion is to empower others. I recognize the strength that it takes to seek support and I strive to create a trusting, judgement-free relationship with my clients.
I am a Registered Psychotherapist with the College of Registered Psychotherapists of Ontario (CRPO) and a member of the Ontario Association of Mental Health Professionals (OAMHP). I have been studying psychology for over 10 years and I have earned my Master's of Arts in Counselling Psychology (MACP). My passion is to empower others. I recognize the strength that it takes to seek support and I strive to create a trusting, judgement-free relationship with my clients.
(613) 407-1531 View (613) 407-1531
Photo of Julien Fortier, MSW, BMT, RSW, Registered Social Worker
Julien Fortier
Registered Social Worker, MSW, BMT, RSW
Verified Verified
8 Endorsed
Richmond, ON K0A  (Online Only)
I specialize in supporting clients with mental health challenges—depression, anxiety, PTSD, intellectual disabilities, substance use, schizophrenia, and bipolar disorder. Ideal clients seek holistic care, combining mindfulness, CBT, music therapy, and empathy. They desire equitable, barrier-free support for stability and a healthier mindset. They value tailored strategies and a collaborative ally skilled in advocacy and communication. Ultimately, they seek understanding and holistic healing in a safe, empathetic space.
I specialize in supporting clients with mental health challenges—depression, anxiety, PTSD, intellectual disabilities, substance use, schizophrenia, and bipolar disorder. Ideal clients seek holistic care, combining mindfulness, CBT, music therapy, and empathy. They desire equitable, barrier-free support for stability and a healthier mindset. They value tailored strategies and a collaborative ally skilled in advocacy and communication. Ultimately, they seek understanding and holistic healing in a safe, empathetic space.
(647) 492-5144 View (647) 492-5144
Photo of Tanja Thani, MSW, RSW, Registered Social Worker
Tanja Thani
Registered Social Worker, MSW, RSW
Verified Verified
6 Endorsed
Richmond, ON K0A
We often believe we must suffer on our own, having learned to be fiercely independent. Our suffering can show up as lack of motivation, burn-out, isolation, unhelpful habits, abuse, anxiety, depression, suicidal thoughts, feeling stuck, or feeling like we just need to survive the day to day. We may even believe that we are meant to suffer. Perhaps we might believe that we cannot reach our potential or reach out for help, or we have forgotten who we are. When we receive the support that we need, we can all reach our full potential, regardless of what happened to us.
We often believe we must suffer on our own, having learned to be fiercely independent. Our suffering can show up as lack of motivation, burn-out, isolation, unhelpful habits, abuse, anxiety, depression, suicidal thoughts, feeling stuck, or feeling like we just need to survive the day to day. We may even believe that we are meant to suffer. Perhaps we might believe that we cannot reach our potential or reach out for help, or we have forgotten who we are. When we receive the support that we need, we can all reach our full potential, regardless of what happened to us.
(289) 797-3230 View (289) 797-3230
Sophie Marceau
Registered Social Worker, RSW
Verified Verified
Richmond, ON K0A
(343) 321-1564 View (343) 321-1564

More Therapists Nearby

Photo of Susan Kelen. Retired, PhD, C, Psych, Psychologist
Susan Kelen. Retired
Psychologist, PhD, C, Psych
Verified Verified
Ottawa, ON K0A
Not accepting new clients
I am a Registered Clinical Psychologist located in Ottawa providing psychotherapy to individuals, couples, and teenagers and their families. Most of the people who come to see me are referred due to common psychological problems (such as anxiety, depression, work stress) as well as health problems and stressful or confusing life events. I specialize in working with teens (ages 12 and up.) One third of my practice is teens, one third adults and one third couples.
I am a Registered Clinical Psychologist located in Ottawa providing psychotherapy to individuals, couples, and teenagers and their families. Most of the people who come to see me are referred due to common psychological problems (such as anxiety, depression, work stress) as well as health problems and stressful or confusing life events. I specialize in working with teens (ages 12 and up.) One third of my practice is teens, one third adults and one third couples.
(343) 308-1257 View (343) 308-1257
Photo of Ashley E. Foster, MACP, CCC, CTP, CPSL, EMDR, Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying)
Ashley E. Foster
Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying), MACP, CCC, CTP, CPSL, EMDR
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Ottawa, ON K0A  (Online Only)
Let's talk about making a difference together. Are you finding it challenging to cope with past experiences that have left a lasting impact on your mental and emotional well-being? Have you noticed persistent feelings of distress or unease stemming from past experiences? Are you struggling with the lingering effects of trauma or abuse? Are you striving for peak performance but facing mental barriers or challenges? I’m passionate about helping you become the architect of your inner healing. Therapy is a courageous step, and I commend you for taking that important step towards seeking help and investing in your healing.
Let's talk about making a difference together. Are you finding it challenging to cope with past experiences that have left a lasting impact on your mental and emotional well-being? Have you noticed persistent feelings of distress or unease stemming from past experiences? Are you struggling with the lingering effects of trauma or abuse? Are you striving for peak performance but facing mental barriers or challenges? I’m passionate about helping you become the architect of your inner healing. Therapy is a courageous step, and I commend you for taking that important step towards seeking help and investing in your healing.
(306) 518-6868 View (306) 518-6868
Photo of Savannah Barbosa, MA, RP(Q), Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying)
Savannah Barbosa
Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying), MA, RP(Q)
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Ottawa, ON K0A  (Online Only)
I believe in a holistic approach to mental health, integrating evidence-based techniques with a deep understanding of each client's unique life context. My commitment to creating a safe, non-judgmental space allows clients to explore their concerns openly and work towards meaningful change. I use CBT, DBT, solution-focused, and psychodynamic approaches to empower clients to develop resilience, self-awareness, and effective coping strategies. I aim to empower you with the tools and insights necessary to create lasting, positive change in your life. Working together, we can explore your path to healing and transformation.
I believe in a holistic approach to mental health, integrating evidence-based techniques with a deep understanding of each client's unique life context. My commitment to creating a safe, non-judgmental space allows clients to explore their concerns openly and work towards meaningful change. I use CBT, DBT, solution-focused, and psychodynamic approaches to empower clients to develop resilience, self-awareness, and effective coping strategies. I aim to empower you with the tools and insights necessary to create lasting, positive change in your life. Working together, we can explore your path to healing and transformation.
View
Photo of Anita Kaiser, MSW, RSW, Registered Social Worker
Anita Kaiser
Registered Social Worker, MSW, RSW
Verified Verified
Carp, ON K0A
Sometimes you feel like you're drowning when life's big waves come at you. Ready to feel better? With 30+ years of experience in a variety of settings, I offer counselling and psychotherapy to individuals seeking compassionate, knowledgeable support for anxiety, depression, stress, grief, alcohol/drug concerns, relationship issues, communication, compassion fatigue, life transitions, personal growth and more. We will work together to use your strengths and resources to cope with the issues that concern you.
Sometimes you feel like you're drowning when life's big waves come at you. Ready to feel better? With 30+ years of experience in a variety of settings, I offer counselling and psychotherapy to individuals seeking compassionate, knowledgeable support for anxiety, depression, stress, grief, alcohol/drug concerns, relationship issues, communication, compassion fatigue, life transitions, personal growth and more. We will work together to use your strengths and resources to cope with the issues that concern you.
(855) 463-3605 View (855) 463-3605
Photo of Tania Santer, BFA, DTATI, RP, Registered Psychotherapist
Tania Santer
Registered Psychotherapist, BFA, DTATI, RP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Ottawa, ON K0A  (Online Only)
What if becoming whole was about cultivating and transforming our capacity to carry a heartbreak that has been entrusted to us? What if our joy is directly connected to our capacity to live into the fullness of our pain? What if we aren't meant to do this alone?
What if becoming whole was about cultivating and transforming our capacity to carry a heartbreak that has been entrusted to us? What if our joy is directly connected to our capacity to live into the fullness of our pain? What if we aren't meant to do this alone?
(437) 747-0880 View (437) 747-0880
Photo of Paul Coldrick, MA, BSc, Registered Psychotherapist
Paul Coldrick
Registered Psychotherapist, MA, BSc
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Ottawa, ON K0A  (Online Only)
We’re all prone to personal challenges, loss, relationship struggles and times when it's hard to cope. Seeking help is a sign of strength, not weakness. I use a person-centred collaborative process with my clients and tailor therapy to each individual. I believe empathy begins with understanding life from another person's perspective, and is done without any judgement whatsoever. I provide an empathetic, trusting and confidential environment and offer support, coping tools, and encouragement to open up, identify strengths, change troubling emotions, thoughts, and behaviours.
We’re all prone to personal challenges, loss, relationship struggles and times when it's hard to cope. Seeking help is a sign of strength, not weakness. I use a person-centred collaborative process with my clients and tailor therapy to each individual. I believe empathy begins with understanding life from another person's perspective, and is done without any judgement whatsoever. I provide an empathetic, trusting and confidential environment and offer support, coping tools, and encouragement to open up, identify strengths, change troubling emotions, thoughts, and behaviours.
(613) 699-8127 View (613) 699-8127
Photo of Jessica Kuehl, BEd, MACP, RP-Q, Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying)
Jessica Kuehl
Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying), BEd, MACP, RP-Q
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Ottawa, ON K0A  (Online Only)
If you are struggling with chronic pain/illness, fibromyalgia, injury, or any unexplained symptoms by medical diagnoses, I would be glad to help you improve your life by easing your discomfort or hardship using evidence-based therapies, including Pain Reprocessing therapy (PRT), ACT, CBT, and Somatic Experiencing.
If you are struggling with chronic pain/illness, fibromyalgia, injury, or any unexplained symptoms by medical diagnoses, I would be glad to help you improve your life by easing your discomfort or hardship using evidence-based therapies, including Pain Reprocessing therapy (PRT), ACT, CBT, and Somatic Experiencing.
(249) 444-2348 View (249) 444-2348
Photo of Mycha Haughton-Lewis, MACP, Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying)
Mycha Haughton-Lewis
Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying), MACP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Ottawa, ON K0A  (Online Only)
Are you looking for a therapist that values your lived experience? I value supporting 2SLGBTQ+ & BIPOC communities in their healing journeys. I'm Mycha (she/her). I strive to create a welcoming and safe environment, free of judgment, so you can comfortably share your needs and goals. In my practice, I help clients with a variety of issues including ADHD, self-identity, enhancing interpersonal relationships, anxiety, and other mental health concerns. I take a client-centred approach, incorporating Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, Interpersonal and Social Rhythm Therapy, and Person-Centred approaches to best support you.
Are you looking for a therapist that values your lived experience? I value supporting 2SLGBTQ+ & BIPOC communities in their healing journeys. I'm Mycha (she/her). I strive to create a welcoming and safe environment, free of judgment, so you can comfortably share your needs and goals. In my practice, I help clients with a variety of issues including ADHD, self-identity, enhancing interpersonal relationships, anxiety, and other mental health concerns. I take a client-centred approach, incorporating Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, Interpersonal and Social Rhythm Therapy, and Person-Centred approaches to best support you.
(437) 900-3975 View (437) 900-3975
Photo of Ross Gray, PhD, CPsych, Psychologist
Ross Gray
Psychologist, PhD, CPsych
Verified Verified
Ottawa, ON K0A  (Online Only)
Like poet Mary Oliver, many people I’ve met with over the years have questioned how best to live their “one wild and precious life”. Sometimes people have been waylaid by disappointments or losses, and are struggling to recover. Sometimes, their choices have taken them into unhappy cul-de-sacs. Sometimes, their habitual patterns sabotage even the best choices. Sometimes, they’ve been afraid to take necessary risks. And sometimes, people have just been plagued by the sense that more might be possible. What can be done to move towards a full and satisfying life?
Like poet Mary Oliver, many people I’ve met with over the years have questioned how best to live their “one wild and precious life”. Sometimes people have been waylaid by disappointments or losses, and are struggling to recover. Sometimes, their choices have taken them into unhappy cul-de-sacs. Sometimes, their habitual patterns sabotage even the best choices. Sometimes, they’ve been afraid to take necessary risks. And sometimes, people have just been plagued by the sense that more might be possible. What can be done to move towards a full and satisfying life?
(437) 747-7552 View (437) 747-7552

See more therapy options for Richmond

How does your Counsellor compare?

Number of Counsellors in Richmond, ON

10+

Average cost per session

$170

Counsellors in Richmond, ON who prioritize treating:

82% Anxiety
73% Depression
73% Coping Skills
73% Stress
64% Grief
64% Life Transitions
55% ADHD

Average years in practice

13 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

100% Medavie Blue Cross
67% Green Shield Canada
67% Blue Cross

How Counsellors in Richmond, ON see their clients

73% In Person and Online
27% Online Only

Gender breakdown

89% Female
11% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling

How can I find a therapist in Richmond?

Search for nearby therapists or counsellors by inputting your city, postal code, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postal code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

Most Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are certified by one of the main professional associations, mainly the Canadian Counselling and Psychotherapy Association (CCPA), and will have a Certified Canadian Counsellor (CCC) designation with their name. Social Workers listed in the directory must be registered members of the college specific to their province. To be listed in the directory, Psychologists must be registered with the psychological college specific to their province or territory.

Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given the considerable variation in professional regulation and prerequisites across Canadian provinces, some providers may possess significant professional qualifications without necessarily holding professional memberships or being obliged to acquire them. As a result, they may be selectively included without the "Verified" seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?

Psychologists, counsellors, psychotherapists and social workers can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and supervised, practical experience that enable them to do so in Canada.

Psychologists have a master's and/or doctoral degree and have passed both written and oral exams. Psychologists are able to complete mental health assessments and provide diagnostic information to clients as well as provide counselling therapy or psychotherapy. Counsellors and psychotherapists are expected to have a master's or doctoral degree in counselling psychology, social work, or a related mental health discipline and certification by a professional association, such as the Canadian Counselling and Psychotherapy Association. Registered Social Workers possess a Bachelor's or Master's degree in Social Work and where possible must be licensed or certified by the provincial government and/or regulatory college.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, the cost of a therapy session in Canada could be between $100 and $200. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. Some types of outpatient mental health services are covered by Medicare, provided these are performed by a licensed mental health professional in the provinces or territory you reside in and who accepts the assignment.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postal code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Professionals licensed by regulatory colleges and those certified by associations such as the Canadian Counselling and Psychotherapy Association are obligated to uphold client confidentiality unless there is a legal reason that requires them to disclose information. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there is the potential or known harm to the client or others, or a court order, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.