Therapists in New Hamburg, ON

Photo of Anna Gold - Anna Gold & Tim Utting - Replenish Relationships, MSW, RSW, Registered Social Worker
Anna Gold & Tim Utting - Replenish Relationships
Registered Social Worker, MSW, RSW
Verified Verified
New Hamburg, ON N3A
When you are in need of help to improve the communication and connection in your relationship, then it is essential to find a qualified relationship therapy expert. Replenish Relationships is a team of two. We are a couple who run workshops and retreats for couples who understand that there is a fine balance between love and challenges in all committed partnerships. We support couples in developing tools that move the work and conflict in their relationships towards productive and happy outcomes.
When you are in need of help to improve the communication and connection in your relationship, then it is essential to find a qualified relationship therapy expert. Replenish Relationships is a team of two. We are a couple who run workshops and retreats for couples who understand that there is a fine balance between love and challenges in all committed partnerships. We support couples in developing tools that move the work and conflict in their relationships towards productive and happy outcomes.
(226) 499-4913 View (226) 499-4913
Photo of Adrienne Nicholson, RP, MA, Mth, Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying)
Adrienne Nicholson
Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying), RP, MA, Mth
Verified Verified
New Hamburg, ON N3A  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
The journey to motherhood is rarely straightforward. Whether you are dealing with fertility complications, pre-natal anxiety or postpartum depression, I promise to provide you a gentle, safe and judgement-free healing space. I bring over 10 years of mental health experience, working with a variety of people from all walks of life. I have been a certified trauma therapist since 2012 when I provided support to first responders and their families. I have worked with newcomer populations, motor vehicle accident survivors, and those struggling with cognitive disorders such as Alzheimer’s or Dementia.
The journey to motherhood is rarely straightforward. Whether you are dealing with fertility complications, pre-natal anxiety or postpartum depression, I promise to provide you a gentle, safe and judgement-free healing space. I bring over 10 years of mental health experience, working with a variety of people from all walks of life. I have been a certified trauma therapist since 2012 when I provided support to first responders and their families. I have worked with newcomer populations, motor vehicle accident survivors, and those struggling with cognitive disorders such as Alzheimer’s or Dementia.
(548) 490-5064 View (548) 490-5064
Photo of Steven P Martin, BA, MDiv, MTh, Registered Psychotherapist
Steven P Martin
Registered Psychotherapist, BA, MDiv, MTh
Verified Verified
New Hamburg, ON N3A
I enjoy working with individuals, couples, and families who want to work on improving their situation, learning about themselves, their interactions with others, and finding healthier ways to live. I see clients for short-term and longer-term therapy.
I enjoy working with individuals, couples, and families who want to work on improving their situation, learning about themselves, their interactions with others, and finding healthier ways to live. I see clients for short-term and longer-term therapy.
(855) 790-5923 View (855) 790-5923
Photo of Ashley Neveu, RP, Registered Psychotherapist
Ashley Neveu
Registered Psychotherapist, RP
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
New Hamburg, ON N3A
In-Person & Virtual. Online Booking. Tired of feeling this way? Do you find yourself stuck in the same pattern? Want to do more than just sit with it? I can help you! You do the work & show up & we can get you where you want to be. No more pain, fear or frustration. A plan of action and forward movement. Relationship issues? No problem. Emotions out of control? I got you. Reactions out of proportion? No sweat. WE got this! Together we can make real change for YOU!
In-Person & Virtual. Online Booking. Tired of feeling this way? Do you find yourself stuck in the same pattern? Want to do more than just sit with it? I can help you! You do the work & show up & we can get you where you want to be. No more pain, fear or frustration. A plan of action and forward movement. Relationship issues? No problem. Emotions out of control? I got you. Reactions out of proportion? No sweat. WE got this! Together we can make real change for YOU!
(226) 286-4926 View (226) 286-4926
Photo of Adrienne Luft, MSW, RSW, Registered Social Worker
Adrienne Luft
Registered Social Worker, MSW, RSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
New Hamburg, ON N3A
Are you looking to create positive change in your life? Unsure how to navigate this terrain on your own? Do you want to be fully engaged in your life and relationships? The work we do together will help you cultivate meaning and make these changes. I work from a strengths-based perspective and believe that we all have within us the capacity to heal and thrive, far beyond what we often recognize. Engaging in the counselling process can be tremendously beneficial as we rediscover our own strength and resilience.
Are you looking to create positive change in your life? Unsure how to navigate this terrain on your own? Do you want to be fully engaged in your life and relationships? The work we do together will help you cultivate meaning and make these changes. I work from a strengths-based perspective and believe that we all have within us the capacity to heal and thrive, far beyond what we often recognize. Engaging in the counselling process can be tremendously beneficial as we rediscover our own strength and resilience.
(226) 773-2021 View (226) 773-2021
Photo of Polina Fedotenko, MA, Registered Psychotherapist
Polina Fedotenko
Registered Psychotherapist, MA
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
New Hamburg, ON N3A
Accepting New Clients in person and virtually. If your relationships are a struggle – I am the person for you. Any kind of relationship—the one with your partner, the one with your child, the one with your parent, coworker, or boss, and most importantly, the one with yourself! Instead of bringing you joy, your relationships leave you feeling dissatisfied, disconnected, and empty. You struggle to figure out how to remove the hostility and despair you feel. Your thoughts and feelings turn to negativity, and your self-esteem doesn’t hold you up.
Accepting New Clients in person and virtually. If your relationships are a struggle – I am the person for you. Any kind of relationship—the one with your partner, the one with your child, the one with your parent, coworker, or boss, and most importantly, the one with yourself! Instead of bringing you joy, your relationships leave you feeling dissatisfied, disconnected, and empty. You struggle to figure out how to remove the hostility and despair you feel. Your thoughts and feelings turn to negativity, and your self-esteem doesn’t hold you up.
(226) 212-7078 View (226) 212-7078
Photo of Hannah Sampson-Aitkenhead, MACP, Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying)
Hannah Sampson-Aitkenhead
Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying), MACP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
New Hamburg, ON N3A
I am a Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying) with the College of Registered Psychotherapists of Ontario. I'm passionate about creating a welcoming environment for individuals, families, and couples, and work with children aged 7+. I address topics such as anxiety, depression, addiction behaviours, burnout, and familial conflicts. My priority is to provide a safe and open space for clients to be able to process emotions and concerns in a manner that is custom-built and comfortable for their needs.
I am a Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying) with the College of Registered Psychotherapists of Ontario. I'm passionate about creating a welcoming environment for individuals, families, and couples, and work with children aged 7+. I address topics such as anxiety, depression, addiction behaviours, burnout, and familial conflicts. My priority is to provide a safe and open space for clients to be able to process emotions and concerns in a manner that is custom-built and comfortable for their needs.
(226) 408-4564 View (226) 408-4564
Photo of Amanda Bolger - SoulScape Services, MA, BAHon, RP, Registered Psychotherapist
SoulScape Services
Registered Psychotherapist, MA, BAHon, RP
Verified Verified
New Hamburg, ON N3A
Therapy shouldn't feel like a chore. While it might sometimes be hard to hear what is discussed in therapy, overall you should leave feeling like you've gained something useful or even transformative. Over time, you should feel you are getting stronger, more resilient and have shed layers of fear and anxiety. Of course this process can be overwhelming at times and you might not always progress on the timeframe that you thought you would, but when therapy goes well, you should feel more settled and more clear about your life. You should gain understanding about yourself and others and have a renewed sense of purpose and passion
Therapy shouldn't feel like a chore. While it might sometimes be hard to hear what is discussed in therapy, overall you should leave feeling like you've gained something useful or even transformative. Over time, you should feel you are getting stronger, more resilient and have shed layers of fear and anxiety. Of course this process can be overwhelming at times and you might not always progress on the timeframe that you thought you would, but when therapy goes well, you should feel more settled and more clear about your life. You should gain understanding about yourself and others and have a renewed sense of purpose and passion
(226) 887-8486 View (226) 887-8486
Photo of Jessica Moore, BSW, RSW, Registered Social Worker
Jessica Moore
Registered Social Worker, BSW, RSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
New Hamburg, ON N3A
Starting counselling can be difficult, if you're reading this, that means you are taking the first step towards finding support for yourself, or your child. Congratulations on being brave enough to look and see what is out there! Whether you or your child are struggling with home life, the impacts of past trauma, anxiety, depression, symptoms of a mental health diagnosis, family conflict, or not feeling like yourself, I am here to support you on your journey. We are all unique beings who each need something a little different to succeed, together we can work to discover the best version of you and navigate through your life journey.
Starting counselling can be difficult, if you're reading this, that means you are taking the first step towards finding support for yourself, or your child. Congratulations on being brave enough to look and see what is out there! Whether you or your child are struggling with home life, the impacts of past trauma, anxiety, depression, symptoms of a mental health diagnosis, family conflict, or not feeling like yourself, I am here to support you on your journey. We are all unique beings who each need something a little different to succeed, together we can work to discover the best version of you and navigate through your life journey.
(226) 907-5044 View (226) 907-5044
Photo of Kate McLeod, RSW, Registered Social Worker
Kate McLeod
Registered Social Worker, RSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
New Hamburg, ON N3A
“Child and Youth Specialists” You’ve noticed that your child isn’t quite themselves lately, that they are withdrawn, and isolated, or struggling with severe anxiety. Maybe they are experiencing intense mood swings, anger outbursts, or even destructive behaviours such as self-harm or substance use. You are worried because your child won’t open up and share with you. You want to help your child, but you don't know how to. It is so scary to feel helpless when it comes to your child and to not know exactly what they need.
“Child and Youth Specialists” You’ve noticed that your child isn’t quite themselves lately, that they are withdrawn, and isolated, or struggling with severe anxiety. Maybe they are experiencing intense mood swings, anger outbursts, or even destructive behaviours such as self-harm or substance use. You are worried because your child won’t open up and share with you. You want to help your child, but you don't know how to. It is so scary to feel helpless when it comes to your child and to not know exactly what they need.
(226) 829-5385 View (226) 829-5385
Photo of Kristy Kirby, RP, Registered Psychotherapist
Kristy Kirby
Registered Psychotherapist, RP
Verified Verified
New Hamburg, ON N3A
Waitlist for new clients
Something on your path has brought you right here to this moment. I want to invite you to consider that the reason you are here searching, goes beyond the pain, the struggles and the suffering. I want to invite you to consider that you are here because a part of you knows that you can move forward, knows your strength and your ability to heal. I believe that part of you can be your guide and your inner compass. I encourage you to listen and to trust that part of yourself. I am here to help you connect to your inner self, to heal from your past, and reimagine your future.
Something on your path has brought you right here to this moment. I want to invite you to consider that the reason you are here searching, goes beyond the pain, the struggles and the suffering. I want to invite you to consider that you are here because a part of you knows that you can move forward, knows your strength and your ability to heal. I believe that part of you can be your guide and your inner compass. I encourage you to listen and to trust that part of yourself. I am here to help you connect to your inner self, to heal from your past, and reimagine your future.
(548) 483-6607 View (548) 483-6607
Photo of Andrea Wiebe - Revelation Counselling, MSW, RSW, Registered Social Worker
Andrea Wiebe - Revelation Counselling
Registered Social Worker, MSW, RSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
New Hamburg, ON N3A  (Online Only)
I seek to empower my clients to feel connected and secure with themselves and their partner; communicate effectively; gain confidence to navigate parenthood; problem solve in a safe and non-judgemental way; increase understanding of the connection between different parts of the self; live in the present moment; improve self-esteem; reduce stress; improve coping skills; feel increasingly hopeful; recover; heal; and, ultimately, live joyful and meaningful lives. I'm Andrea Wiebe, I'm a social worker, EFT couples therapist and EMDR trauma therapist with additional specialized training in perinatal therapy. I can help. Let's connect.
I seek to empower my clients to feel connected and secure with themselves and their partner; communicate effectively; gain confidence to navigate parenthood; problem solve in a safe and non-judgemental way; increase understanding of the connection between different parts of the self; live in the present moment; improve self-esteem; reduce stress; improve coping skills; feel increasingly hopeful; recover; heal; and, ultimately, live joyful and meaningful lives. I'm Andrea Wiebe, I'm a social worker, EFT couples therapist and EMDR trauma therapist with additional specialized training in perinatal therapy. I can help. Let's connect.
(226) 407-5052 View (226) 407-5052
Photo of Tanielle O'Hearn - Reclaim & Rise Counselling, MSW, Registered Social Worker
Reclaim & Rise Counselling
Registered Social Worker, MSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
New Hamburg, ON N3A
We are so glad you're here! We know looking for a counsellor can be overwhelming and we are here to help. We are a dedicated group of psychotherapists who are passionate about supporting your healing and journey to mental wellness. Using evidence-based modalities we provide individual, couples, and youth counselling both in-person and virtually on a secure online platform. All of our therapists are Master's level Registered Social Workers (RSW's) and are accepted by most insurance companies and benefit packages. Our cozy therapy spaces are located at 206 Ontario Street in Stratford.
We are so glad you're here! We know looking for a counsellor can be overwhelming and we are here to help. We are a dedicated group of psychotherapists who are passionate about supporting your healing and journey to mental wellness. Using evidence-based modalities we provide individual, couples, and youth counselling both in-person and virtually on a secure online platform. All of our therapists are Master's level Registered Social Workers (RSW's) and are accepted by most insurance companies and benefit packages. Our cozy therapy spaces are located at 206 Ontario Street in Stratford.
(226) 366-9948 View (226) 366-9948

More Therapists Nearby

Photo of Julia Mills - Arms Open Counselling, Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying)
Julia Mills - Arms Open Counselling
Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying)
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Waterloo, ON N2L  (Online Only)
Whether it's anxiety, trauma, relationship struggles, or anything in between, it's all welcome in my office. Let's talk! My clients want to see progress, to resolve problems, or to feel like themselves again, but aren't quite sure where to start. I work collaboratively with my clients, so we find something that works uniquely for each person.
Whether it's anxiety, trauma, relationship struggles, or anything in between, it's all welcome in my office. Let's talk! My clients want to see progress, to resolve problems, or to feel like themselves again, but aren't quite sure where to start. I work collaboratively with my clients, so we find something that works uniquely for each person.
(365) 300-8363 View (365) 300-8363
Photo of Tristan Price, MSc, RP, RMFT, Registered Psychotherapist
Tristan Price
Registered Psychotherapist, MSc, RP, RMFT
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Waterloo, ON N2L
As a psychotherapist with 9 years of experience, I have grown to know that I have a passion for witnessing clients discover the values they cherish, and utilize those to achieve their goals. I know that people flourish in therapy and counselling when they have a good relationship with their therapist. I am devoted to creating and maintaining a safe, non-judgemental, calm, and sensitive therapeutic space in which you will receive appropriate support.
As a psychotherapist with 9 years of experience, I have grown to know that I have a passion for witnessing clients discover the values they cherish, and utilize those to achieve their goals. I know that people flourish in therapy and counselling when they have a good relationship with their therapist. I am devoted to creating and maintaining a safe, non-judgemental, calm, and sensitive therapeutic space in which you will receive appropriate support.
(226) 212-5049 View (226) 212-5049
Photo of Shani Ellis-Alman, MSW, RSW, Registered Social Worker
Shani Ellis-Alman
Registered Social Worker, MSW, RSW
Verified Verified
Kitchener, ON N2N
I work primarily with adults 18 years and older. I support people with a wide range of concerns, from mental health to mental wellness, substance use, self esteem, goal setting and racial trauma. I prioritize cultural safety and am able to support diverse clients in a culturally safe an affirming manner.
I work primarily with adults 18 years and older. I support people with a wide range of concerns, from mental health to mental wellness, substance use, self esteem, goal setting and racial trauma. I prioritize cultural safety and am able to support diverse clients in a culturally safe an affirming manner.
(226) 906-0271 View (226) 906-0271
Photo of Tammie K Ross, MSW, RSW, Registered Social Worker
Tammie K Ross
Registered Social Worker, MSW, RSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Kitchener, ON N2N
At certain times in our lives, we may feel like we are stuck. We struggle with maintaining our relationships at home or work, have difficulty meeting deadlines, or are unable to discuss difficult topics with loved ones. Counselling is a way to work through these issues. Here are a few other reasons why individuals and couples may seek counselling: reduced emotional and physical connection due to strained communication and increased conflict, infidelity, workplace conflict/bullying, recent separation or divorce, and an inability to find a suitable partner. These situations can cause immense pain.
At certain times in our lives, we may feel like we are stuck. We struggle with maintaining our relationships at home or work, have difficulty meeting deadlines, or are unable to discuss difficult topics with loved ones. Counselling is a way to work through these issues. Here are a few other reasons why individuals and couples may seek counselling: reduced emotional and physical connection due to strained communication and increased conflict, infidelity, workplace conflict/bullying, recent separation or divorce, and an inability to find a suitable partner. These situations can cause immense pain.
(844) 496-3409 View (844) 496-3409
Photo of Hayley Ratcliffe, Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying)
Hayley Ratcliffe
Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying)
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Kitchener, ON N2E
Do you struggle with feeling like you do not belong or are you beginning to want to explore your childhood more? Many of those who I work with have ADHD or have an autism diagnosis and those who want to understand how their childhood may be affecting them now. I like to be lighthearted and use humor in my practice.. This with my background of working with young people in a post-secondary setting and my undergraduate degree in Psychology and Women’s and Gender Studies has profoundly shaped my perspective. Most of my clients are young people wanting to understand themselves better in one way or another.
Do you struggle with feeling like you do not belong or are you beginning to want to explore your childhood more? Many of those who I work with have ADHD or have an autism diagnosis and those who want to understand how their childhood may be affecting them now. I like to be lighthearted and use humor in my practice.. This with my background of working with young people in a post-secondary setting and my undergraduate degree in Psychology and Women’s and Gender Studies has profoundly shaped my perspective. Most of my clients are young people wanting to understand themselves better in one way or another.
(226) 241-9253 View (226) 241-9253
Photo of Dr. Peter Gaskovski, PhD, CPsych, Psychologist
Dr. Peter Gaskovski
Psychologist, PhD, CPsych
Verified Verified
Waterloo, ON N2L  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
The best way around our difficulties isn’t to go around them, but to see them with new understanding and to transform them. With over twenty years of experience as a Clinical Psychologist and Neuropsychologist, I will work to restore your hope by equipping you with the insight, compassion and skills to grow beyond the challenges you’re facing.
The best way around our difficulties isn’t to go around them, but to see them with new understanding and to transform them. With over twenty years of experience as a Clinical Psychologist and Neuropsychologist, I will work to restore your hope by equipping you with the insight, compassion and skills to grow beyond the challenges you’re facing.
(289) 536-4237 View (289) 536-4237
Photo of Hailing Huang, MA, MTS, CCC, RP(Q), Registered Psychotherapist
Hailing Huang
Registered Psychotherapist, MA, MTS, CCC, RP(Q)
Verified Verified
Waterloo, ON N2L
With over 10 years experience in counseling, helped thousands of client dealing with PTSD , emotional traumas , stress, relationship conflicts etc. Please reach out and let me accompany you in the journey of healing and grow. No matter what kind of Issues, no matter big or small, let's chat.
With over 10 years experience in counseling, helped thousands of client dealing with PTSD , emotional traumas , stress, relationship conflicts etc. Please reach out and let me accompany you in the journey of healing and grow. No matter what kind of Issues, no matter big or small, let's chat.
(226) 457-2328 View (226) 457-2328

See more therapy options for New Hamburg

How does your Counsellor compare?

Number of Counsellors in New Hamburg, ON

10+

Average cost per session

$125

Counsellors in New Hamburg, ON who prioritize treating:

85% Relationship Issues
85% Depression
85% Anxiety
77% Trauma and PTSD
77% Family Conflict
77% Self Esteem
69% Parenting

Average years in practice

11 Years

How Counsellors in New Hamburg, ON see their clients

85% In Person and Online
15% Online Only

Gender breakdown

93% Female
7% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling

How can I find a therapist in New Hamburg?

Search for nearby therapists or counsellors by inputting your city, postal code, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postal code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

Most Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are certified by one of the main professional associations, mainly the Canadian Counselling and Psychotherapy Association (CCPA), and will have a Certified Canadian Counsellor (CCC) designation with their name. Social Workers listed in the directory must be registered members of the college specific to their province. To be listed in the directory, Psychologists must be registered with the psychological college specific to their province or territory.

Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given the considerable variation in professional regulation and prerequisites across Canadian provinces, some providers may possess significant professional qualifications without necessarily holding professional memberships or being obliged to acquire them. As a result, they may be selectively included without the "Verified" seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?

Psychologists, counsellors, psychotherapists and social workers can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and supervised, practical experience that enable them to do so in Canada.

Psychologists have a master's and/or doctoral degree and have passed both written and oral exams. Psychologists are able to complete mental health assessments and provide diagnostic information to clients as well as provide counselling therapy or psychotherapy. Counsellors and psychotherapists are expected to have a master's or doctoral degree in counselling psychology, social work, or a related mental health discipline and certification by a professional association, such as the Canadian Counselling and Psychotherapy Association. Registered Social Workers possess a Bachelor's or Master's degree in Social Work and where possible must be licensed or certified by the provincial government and/or regulatory college.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, the cost of a therapy session in Canada could be between $100 and $200. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. Some types of outpatient mental health services are covered by Medicare, provided these are performed by a licensed mental health professional in the provinces or territory you reside in and who accepts the assignment.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postal code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Professionals licensed by regulatory colleges and those certified by associations such as the Canadian Counselling and Psychotherapy Association are obligated to uphold client confidentiality unless there is a legal reason that requires them to disclose information. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there is the potential or known harm to the client or others, or a court order, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.