Trauma and PTSD Therapists in Navan, ON
Marie Pierre Castonguay
Registered Social Worker, MSW, RSW
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Navan, ON K4B
My approach is grounded in narrative, attachment-based, and trauma-informed therapies.
Are you feeling a shift in your mood or energy? Struggling with relationships or feeling overwhelmed by life's challenges? It's okay to feel this way—sometimes, our emotions, thoughts, and experiences can become too much to handle alone. In our sessions, we’ll work together to explore what’s going on at a pace that feels right for you. My goal is to create a supportive and nonjudgmental space where you can find comfort and strength as you work through these difficulties.
My approach is grounded in narrative, attachment-based, and trauma-informed therapies.
Are you feeling a shift in your mood or energy? Struggling with relationships or feeling overwhelmed by life's challenges? It's okay to feel this way—sometimes, our emotions, thoughts, and experiences can become too much to handle alone. In our sessions, we’ll work together to explore what’s going on at a pace that feels right for you. My goal is to create a supportive and nonjudgmental space where you can find comfort and strength as you work through these difficulties.
Natalie Alexov
Registered Psychotherapist, MEd , RP
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Navan, ON K4B (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
I provide psychotherapy grounded in a psychodynamic approach incorporating experiential, CBT, and trauma-focused treatments such as EMDR.
Do you feel stuck, unfulfilled, or at a crossroads? Feeling caught in vicious cycles in your life or relationships and unsure what to do? I work with those who have experienced or are experiencing trauma, burnout, low self-esteem, relationship issues, anxiety, and depression. Together we can work to navigate through these symptoms, build a deeper sense of understanding of yourself, and feel more fulfilled. I also have a specific interest working with people going through life transitions, especially new parents.
I provide psychotherapy grounded in a psychodynamic approach incorporating experiential, CBT, and trauma-focused treatments such as EMDR.
Do you feel stuck, unfulfilled, or at a crossroads? Feeling caught in vicious cycles in your life or relationships and unsure what to do? I work with those who have experienced or are experiencing trauma, burnout, low self-esteem, relationship issues, anxiety, and depression. Together we can work to navigate through these symptoms, build a deeper sense of understanding of yourself, and feel more fulfilled. I also have a specific interest working with people going through life transitions, especially new parents.
Therapy is a unique and deeply personal experience and it's important to find a therapist who is the right fit. I support individuals (13+) with anxiety, depression, grief, low self-esteem, and PTSD. I also support couples who want to communicate in a healthier way. Relationships are at the heart of life’s greatest joys—and sometimes its deepest challenges. Whether you’re navigating a breakup, divorce, learning to set boundaries, or navigating family or friendship dynamics, I'm here to support you.
Therapy is a unique and deeply personal experience and it's important to find a therapist who is the right fit. I support individuals (13+) with anxiety, depression, grief, low self-esteem, and PTSD. I also support couples who want to communicate in a healthier way. Relationships are at the heart of life’s greatest joys—and sometimes its deepest challenges. Whether you’re navigating a breakup, divorce, learning to set boundaries, or navigating family or friendship dynamics, I'm here to support you.
I'm a Clinical Psychologist with a compassion-focused, evidence-based, and trauma-informed practice.
It's hard to be human. Our mind ruminates about the past and frets about the future. Our society overwhelms us with choices, expectations, and seemingly endless demands on our time and energy. We pursue answers and achievements, only to be left with worry and sadness. We are disconnected from ourselves and from each other. If you're feeling lonely and uncertain, please know you are not alone and you are worthy of support. Although we cannot eliminate our suffering, we can change our relationship to painful thoughts and feelings to live more compassionately, flexibly, and skillfully.
I'm a Clinical Psychologist with a compassion-focused, evidence-based, and trauma-informed practice.
It's hard to be human. Our mind ruminates about the past and frets about the future. Our society overwhelms us with choices, expectations, and seemingly endless demands on our time and energy. We pursue answers and achievements, only to be left with worry and sadness. We are disconnected from ourselves and from each other. If you're feeling lonely and uncertain, please know you are not alone and you are worthy of support. Although we cannot eliminate our suffering, we can change our relationship to painful thoughts and feelings to live more compassionately, flexibly, and skillfully.
Cynthia Schoppmann
Registered Psychotherapist, MA, RP, CCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Navan, ON K4B
If you are struggling with anything in your life, it's important to know that there is help and support available. No issue is too big or too small to take that first step and reach out. Whether you a struggling with work, relationships, trauma, grief, self-esteem, anxiety or depression, I will work with you to navigate through these difficult situations. Clients access support for a variety of different reasons and I will work with you in a collaborative way to establish goals that lead to what you envision feeling better might look like. I work primarily with older adolescents, adults and couples.
If you are struggling with anything in your life, it's important to know that there is help and support available. No issue is too big or too small to take that first step and reach out. Whether you a struggling with work, relationships, trauma, grief, self-esteem, anxiety or depression, I will work with you to navigate through these difficult situations. Clients access support for a variety of different reasons and I will work with you in a collaborative way to establish goals that lead to what you envision feeling better might look like. I work primarily with older adolescents, adults and couples.
Heidi Roberts
Registered Psychotherapist, RP, MACP, CCC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Navan, ON K4B (Online Only)
I employ a strengths-based approach to collaborate with my clients and to create a safe and non-judgmental environment to explore challenging issues. I aim to empower clients, through a supportive and empathetic approach, grounded in the belief that therapy is an integral component to overall health and wellness. I use multiple therapeutic modalities in order to remain flexible to the needs of the clients. I provide support to individuals (18+), couples, and families, using an integrative humanistic approach.
I employ a strengths-based approach to collaborate with my clients and to create a safe and non-judgmental environment to explore challenging issues. I aim to empower clients, through a supportive and empathetic approach, grounded in the belief that therapy is an integral component to overall health and wellness. I use multiple therapeutic modalities in order to remain flexible to the needs of the clients. I provide support to individuals (18+), couples, and families, using an integrative humanistic approach.
Do you feel disconnected from yourself and others? This might impact your life negatively, affecting your sense of fulfillment or your happiness. I can help. My name is Antoine Lemay and I recently completed my graduate studies in psychotherapy at the University of Hearst. I follow an integrative approach where I rely primarily on the concepts of person-centered therapy, psychodynamic therapy and CBT, adapted to meet the unique needs of each client. I offer sessions in French and English. I also offer sliding-scale therapy services.
Do you feel disconnected from yourself and others? This might impact your life negatively, affecting your sense of fulfillment or your happiness. I can help. My name is Antoine Lemay and I recently completed my graduate studies in psychotherapy at the University of Hearst. I follow an integrative approach where I rely primarily on the concepts of person-centered therapy, psychodynamic therapy and CBT, adapted to meet the unique needs of each client. I offer sessions in French and English. I also offer sliding-scale therapy services.
Charron Psychotherapy Services - Claudia Milejski
Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying), MA, RP(Q)
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Navan, ON K4B
Are you feeling anxious, depressed, stressed, or emotionally disregulated? Have you been faced with difficult challenges, individually or in a relationship, and are looking to find ways to navigate your situation? Do you feel not quite like yourself and are unsure where to go from here? Do you find yourself using unhealthy coping mechanisms and want to find a healthy approach? These are all common issues people bring into therapy sessions. Together, we can work to better understand your story and develop tools and strategies that will allow you to build the life you want to live.
Are you feeling anxious, depressed, stressed, or emotionally disregulated? Have you been faced with difficult challenges, individually or in a relationship, and are looking to find ways to navigate your situation? Do you feel not quite like yourself and are unsure where to go from here? Do you find yourself using unhealthy coping mechanisms and want to find a healthy approach? These are all common issues people bring into therapy sessions. Together, we can work to better understand your story and develop tools and strategies that will allow you to build the life you want to live.
More Therapists Nearby
Carrie Anne Hojnoski
Registered Social Worker, BA(H), BSW, MSW, RSW
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Gloucester, ON K1W (Online Only)
I specialize in Mood&Anxiety Disorders, PTSD, ADHD/ASD, AuDHD, Woman’s Health/PPD/PPA, Addiction, Narcissistic &Borderline Personality Disorders, Relationships, Grief&Loss, Sexual Health Education& supporting Transgender & Polyamory LGBTQIA+ folks.
Hello, thank you for reading my profile! I bring 20 years of experience as a social worker and psychotherapist to support you in navigating life's many challenges. I provide virtual care psychotherapy in Ontario to adults 18-65. I am a caregiver, listener and a social justice advocate. I offer you a safe space to explore your current challenges utilizing an anti-oppressive & decolonized social work practice. My focus will be using an evidence based therapy modality to address your challenges and assist you in building skills. I focus on emotion regulation skills, distress tolerance, mindfulness & interpersonal skills.
I specialize in Mood&Anxiety Disorders, PTSD, ADHD/ASD, AuDHD, Woman’s Health/PPD/PPA, Addiction, Narcissistic &Borderline Personality Disorders, Relationships, Grief&Loss, Sexual Health Education& supporting Transgender & Polyamory LGBTQIA+ folks.
Hello, thank you for reading my profile! I bring 20 years of experience as a social worker and psychotherapist to support you in navigating life's many challenges. I provide virtual care psychotherapy in Ontario to adults 18-65. I am a caregiver, listener and a social justice advocate. I offer you a safe space to explore your current challenges utilizing an anti-oppressive & decolonized social work practice. My focus will be using an evidence based therapy modality to address your challenges and assist you in building skills. I focus on emotion regulation skills, distress tolerance, mindfulness & interpersonal skills.
Celine Goyette
Registered Psychotherapist, MA, RP, CCC
Verified Verified
Orleans, ON K1E (Online Only)
Since 2009, my experience in mental health has led me to work with a wide range of issues, such as childhood trauma, sexual trauma in adulthood, depression, anxiety, addictions, and impacts of residential schools and the '60s scoop on survivors and their families.
At times, we have periods in our lives that are very challenging, seem slow moving or stagnant, and evoke intense experiences. Making the decision to begin counselling can be empowering, as it takes courage and a willingness to explore change. The cycle of seasons is a helpful metaphor in relating to cycles of change in one's life; a dynamic process that inherently carries potential for growth and renew. I accompany people in meaningfully learn about themselves and in cultivating tools to address what gets in the way of what they want for their life.
Since 2009, my experience in mental health has led me to work with a wide range of issues, such as childhood trauma, sexual trauma in adulthood, depression, anxiety, addictions, and impacts of residential schools and the '60s scoop on survivors and their families.
At times, we have periods in our lives that are very challenging, seem slow moving or stagnant, and evoke intense experiences. Making the decision to begin counselling can be empowering, as it takes courage and a willingness to explore change. The cycle of seasons is a helpful metaphor in relating to cycles of change in one's life; a dynamic process that inherently carries potential for growth and renew. I accompany people in meaningfully learn about themselves and in cultivating tools to address what gets in the way of what they want for their life.
Benilda Formoso
Registered Social Worker, MTA, MSW, RSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Orleans, ON K1W
I understand that seeking therapy can feel daunting, especially when dealing with trauma and attachment wounds.
I would love to work with you if you’re ready to dive into your healing journey and explore the effects of trauma and attachment wounds. If you seek a safe, down-to-earth space where you can be yourself—swearing included!—we may be a great fit. I’m here to support you in building emotional regulation, understanding your body’s responses, and transforming your relationship with yourself. If you’re committed to breaking free from past patterns and reclaiming your true self, I invite you to take this step together.
I understand that seeking therapy can feel daunting, especially when dealing with trauma and attachment wounds.
I would love to work with you if you’re ready to dive into your healing journey and explore the effects of trauma and attachment wounds. If you seek a safe, down-to-earth space where you can be yourself—swearing included!—we may be a great fit. I’m here to support you in building emotional regulation, understanding your body’s responses, and transforming your relationship with yourself. If you’re committed to breaking free from past patterns and reclaiming your true self, I invite you to take this step together.
Erefaa Ogbuaku Jnr
Registered Psychotherapist, MACP, RP, CCC
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Ottawa, ON K4A
Contingent upon your specific need, I use a client-centered approach from a cultural, trauma-informed, and inclusive framework while integrating techniques such as Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, Eye-Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR), Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), and Solution-Focused Therapy (SFT).
CURRENTLY ACCEPTING NEW CLIENTS. Welcome to Shades of Therapy! Every now and then, life throws a curveball at us which could leave a person feeling confused, alone, and unenthusiastic about life. It could also make it challenging to complete daily tasks. Surely there’s another way right? To live life the way you want to, and feel truly happy and fulfilled. Like George Harrison says, "It's all in the mind". I truly believe that asking for help is a sign of strength, and it means you are aware enough to take care of your mind as you do your body.
Contingent upon your specific need, I use a client-centered approach from a cultural, trauma-informed, and inclusive framework while integrating techniques such as Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, Eye-Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR), Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), and Solution-Focused Therapy (SFT).
CURRENTLY ACCEPTING NEW CLIENTS. Welcome to Shades of Therapy! Every now and then, life throws a curveball at us which could leave a person feeling confused, alone, and unenthusiastic about life. It could also make it challenging to complete daily tasks. Surely there’s another way right? To live life the way you want to, and feel truly happy and fulfilled. Like George Harrison says, "It's all in the mind". I truly believe that asking for help is a sign of strength, and it means you are aware enough to take care of your mind as you do your body.
Tina Brunet
Registered Psychotherapist, MA, RSW, CCC, CCS, RP
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Orleans, ON K1W
As a TRAUMA clinician, I want to first create safety and trust.
NOT CURRENTLY ACCEPTING CLIENTS. Support and compassion. This is what the human person needs. Someone in our corner to help us and give us the care we deserve. ANXIETY, ABUSE, ADDICTION can be especially devastating and make us feel sick and scared. It may be that you are dealing with overwhelming stress with work, relationships, life, loss. It may be that you are dealing with terrible pain from past physical, sexual, emotional or relational injuries. Any of these can bring us to our knees. I know, I've been there. And now, I want to be there for you. I want to help you process your TRAUMA so you can gain peace and stability.
As a TRAUMA clinician, I want to first create safety and trust.
NOT CURRENTLY ACCEPTING CLIENTS. Support and compassion. This is what the human person needs. Someone in our corner to help us and give us the care we deserve. ANXIETY, ABUSE, ADDICTION can be especially devastating and make us feel sick and scared. It may be that you are dealing with overwhelming stress with work, relationships, life, loss. It may be that you are dealing with terrible pain from past physical, sexual, emotional or relational injuries. Any of these can bring us to our knees. I know, I've been there. And now, I want to be there for you. I want to help you process your TRAUMA so you can gain peace and stability.
My clinical training and experiences have focused on the provision of evidence-based treatment and assessment of adults experiencing a range of mental health concerns, interpersonal difficulties, and life challenges, such as mood and anxiety-related disorders, trauma-related disorders, emotion regulation difficulties, self-esteem, and identity development.
We all experience challenging times in our lives that can often feel overwhelming. I am passionate about providing evidence-based psychological services grounded in compassion, understanding, and collaboration in order to help you get back on track and create the change you are seeking in your life. I work with clients to identify goals and tailor a treatment plan around altering unhelpful thoughts, maladaptive behaviour patterns, and difficult emotions, to enhance overall wellness and promote a positive quality of life.
My clinical training and experiences have focused on the provision of evidence-based treatment and assessment of adults experiencing a range of mental health concerns, interpersonal difficulties, and life challenges, such as mood and anxiety-related disorders, trauma-related disorders, emotion regulation difficulties, self-esteem, and identity development.
We all experience challenging times in our lives that can often feel overwhelming. I am passionate about providing evidence-based psychological services grounded in compassion, understanding, and collaboration in order to help you get back on track and create the change you are seeking in your life. I work with clients to identify goals and tailor a treatment plan around altering unhelpful thoughts, maladaptive behaviour patterns, and difficult emotions, to enhance overall wellness and promote a positive quality of life.
Elizabeth Adam
Registered Psychotherapist, MEd, RP
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Orleans, ON K1W (Online Only)
My practice is trauma competent and utilizes approaches such as Somatic Experiencing, psychodynamic, emotion focused and parts work.
Accepting New Clients! I specialize in helping helpers—particularly those in the medical and caregiving professions. You’re exceptional at caring for others, but it’s all too easy to overlook your own well-being. If you’re feeling overwhelmed by the demands of your role, struggling with anxiety, or finding it difficult to manage your mental health, know that you’re not alone. Navigating trauma can be complex and isolating, often bringing a whirlwind of emotions that feel unmanageable. It can be especially challenging for caregivers, who may struggle to process their own trauma while still supporting those around them.
My practice is trauma competent and utilizes approaches such as Somatic Experiencing, psychodynamic, emotion focused and parts work.
Accepting New Clients! I specialize in helping helpers—particularly those in the medical and caregiving professions. You’re exceptional at caring for others, but it’s all too easy to overlook your own well-being. If you’re feeling overwhelmed by the demands of your role, struggling with anxiety, or finding it difficult to manage your mental health, know that you’re not alone. Navigating trauma can be complex and isolating, often bringing a whirlwind of emotions that feel unmanageable. It can be especially challenging for caregivers, who may struggle to process their own trauma while still supporting those around them.
“New RCMP and private clients now welcome! VAC waitlist currently closed.” Have you experienced extreme life events that have changed the way you feel and react? Do you find it hard to trust others and feel the need to isolate from your loved ones? Do you feel more on edge? Life can be challenging at times but you don’t have to struggle alone. I offer a warm and compassionate environment laced with psychological interventions to improve symptoms related to trauma, PTSD, anxiety, depression, chronic pain, and health-related difficulties so that you can start living your life instead of surviving it.
“New RCMP and private clients now welcome! VAC waitlist currently closed.” Have you experienced extreme life events that have changed the way you feel and react? Do you find it hard to trust others and feel the need to isolate from your loved ones? Do you feel more on edge? Life can be challenging at times but you don’t have to struggle alone. I offer a warm and compassionate environment laced with psychological interventions to improve symptoms related to trauma, PTSD, anxiety, depression, chronic pain, and health-related difficulties so that you can start living your life instead of surviving it.
Welcome to Spark, where our team of caring and dedicated Psychotherapists specializes in overcoming the effects of trauma, difficult life transitions and circumstances, feelings of depression and anxiety, relationship difficulties, grief and loss, self-esteem issues, and various other mental health challenges. Seeking support takes courage, and our Psychotherapists are committed to providing compassionate, respectful, non-judgmental, and culturally-sensitive mental health care tailored to your unique needs. In each session, we aim to create a space of safety and openness, bringing kindness, warmth, and sincerity.
Welcome to Spark, where our team of caring and dedicated Psychotherapists specializes in overcoming the effects of trauma, difficult life transitions and circumstances, feelings of depression and anxiety, relationship difficulties, grief and loss, self-esteem issues, and various other mental health challenges. Seeking support takes courage, and our Psychotherapists are committed to providing compassionate, respectful, non-judgmental, and culturally-sensitive mental health care tailored to your unique needs. In each session, we aim to create a space of safety and openness, bringing kindness, warmth, and sincerity.
Meghan Billings
Registered Psychotherapist, PhD(c), MA, MEd, RP, CCC
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Cumberland, ON K4B (Online Only)
If you are facing challenges in your life and want to process or explore feelings, or just need to talk, I am here to listen without judgment. We will work together to navigate the circumstances and events of your life, create therapeutic goals, and engage with your resources. Ultimately, you will develop practices and skills to help you gain new insights and foster healing. I tend to use a client-centred, trauma-informed, and inclusive approach to therapy with a focus on "parts work". I have worked with diverse clients of all ages on experiences of anxiety, depression, relationships, suicide, parenting, crisis, trauma, and more.
If you are facing challenges in your life and want to process or explore feelings, or just need to talk, I am here to listen without judgment. We will work together to navigate the circumstances and events of your life, create therapeutic goals, and engage with your resources. Ultimately, you will develop practices and skills to help you gain new insights and foster healing. I tend to use a client-centred, trauma-informed, and inclusive approach to therapy with a focus on "parts work". I have worked with diverse clients of all ages on experiences of anxiety, depression, relationships, suicide, parenting, crisis, trauma, and more.
Megan LaBreche
Registered Psychotherapist, RP, MSc, OAMHP
Verified Verified
Ottawa, ON K4A (Online Only)
There are underlying causes, and often appear with co-occurring issues such as anxiety, depression, trauma, obsessive/compulsive behaviours, grief, low self-esteem/body image, perfectionism, substance abuse, and relationship issues.
Eating disorders and exercise disorders have devastating effects on the individual suffering and those close to them. As a registered psychotherapist specializing in the treatment of eating and exercise disorders and co-occurring issues, I work collaboratively with clients to meet their own individual therapeutic needs as they bravely journey into full recovery. While I specialize in treating eating disorders, approximately half of my clients come to me with different concerns. I have extensive experience with anxiety, depression, trauma, relationship issues.
There are underlying causes, and often appear with co-occurring issues such as anxiety, depression, trauma, obsessive/compulsive behaviours, grief, low self-esteem/body image, perfectionism, substance abuse, and relationship issues.
Eating disorders and exercise disorders have devastating effects on the individual suffering and those close to them. As a registered psychotherapist specializing in the treatment of eating and exercise disorders and co-occurring issues, I work collaboratively with clients to meet their own individual therapeutic needs as they bravely journey into full recovery. While I specialize in treating eating disorders, approximately half of my clients come to me with different concerns. I have extensive experience with anxiety, depression, trauma, relationship issues.
Beth Breckenridge
Registered Psychotherapist, MA, RP
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Orleans, ON K4A
Waitlist for new clients
In my practice, my special areas of interest include: grief, anxiety, depression, trauma/abuse, relationship difficulties, low self esteem, and life transitions (e.
As a Registered Psychotherapist, I work with individuals and couples in east Ottawa, Orleans, and the area. My goal in working with clients - and my hope for everyone - is that we create fulfilling lives for ourselves and meaningful relationships with our partners, family, and friends. When we feel overwhelmed by the complexities of life, we may need some outside support to find our way. I support people through this confusion towards clarity and growth. I strive to create a genuine atmosphere of warmth and support for my clients no matter what challenge or goal they bring.
In my practice, my special areas of interest include: grief, anxiety, depression, trauma/abuse, relationship difficulties, low self esteem, and life transitions (e.
As a Registered Psychotherapist, I work with individuals and couples in east Ottawa, Orleans, and the area. My goal in working with clients - and my hope for everyone - is that we create fulfilling lives for ourselves and meaningful relationships with our partners, family, and friends. When we feel overwhelmed by the complexities of life, we may need some outside support to find our way. I support people through this confusion towards clarity and growth. I strive to create a genuine atmosphere of warmth and support for my clients no matter what challenge or goal they bring.
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When should I seek treatment for trauma?
Not everyone who undergoes trauma needs therapy to heal, but many do. If, after experiencing a traumatic event, you find yourself struggling with symptoms such as nightmares, dissociation, irritability, or emotional numbness—especially if these symptoms last more than a month and are severe enough to interfere with your daily functioning—you may benefit from seeking out therapy with a trauma-informed provider.
How long does trauma therapy take?
Different types of therapy for trauma unfold on different timelines. Prolonged exposure therapy and cognitive processing therapy, for example, each take about three months, while trauma-informed CBT may last anywhere from 8 to 25 sessions. Other approaches, especially those that are less structured or that incorporate elements from multiple modalities, may be more open-ended, though many patients report feeling better within the first few months of treatment.
What happens if trauma is left untreated?
Unaddressed trauma can have serious—even devastating—effects on relationships, career, and day-to-day functioning. Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) can lead people to distrust or lash out at others, making it difficult to maintain intimate relationships; it can also trigger symptoms such as flashbacks or hyperreactivity that can interfere with a person’s ability to function effectively, personally and/or professionally. Some sufferers turn to drugs to find relief. Symptoms may lessen on their own with time, but there is no guarantee that PTSD will resolve on its own.
Can PTSD come back after treatment?
It is possible for PTSD symptoms to recur months or years after successful treatment. This is because, like most mental health disorders, it is not possible to “cure” PTSD, and stressful life events may cause symptoms to recur in even the most resilient individuals. There is no shame in re-experiencing PTSD symptoms nor in returning to therapy when such relapses occur; indeed, many forms of trauma therapy explicitly encourage periodic “maintenance sessions” to reinforce coping skills and ensure that symptoms stay manageable.