Acceptance and Commitment (ACT) Therapists in Navan, ON

Photo of Cynthia Schoppmann, MA, RP, CCC, Registered Psychotherapist
Cynthia Schoppmann
Registered Psychotherapist, MA, RP, CCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Navan, ON K4B
I work primarily from a client-centred approach, integrating theories and tools from various fields of thought ( ACT, CBT, mindfulness, EFT, IFS, among others).
If you are struggling with anything in your life, it's important to know that there is help and support available. No issue is too big or too small to take that first step and reach out. Whether you a struggling with work, relationships, trauma, grief, self-esteem, anxiety or depression, I will work with you to navigate through these difficult situations. Clients access support for a variety of different reasons and I will work with you in a collaborative way to establish goals that lead to what you envision feeling better might look like. I work primarily with older adolescents, adults and couples.
I work primarily from a client-centred approach, integrating theories and tools from various fields of thought ( ACT, CBT, mindfulness, EFT, IFS, among others).
If you are struggling with anything in your life, it's important to know that there is help and support available. No issue is too big or too small to take that first step and reach out. Whether you a struggling with work, relationships, trauma, grief, self-esteem, anxiety or depression, I will work with you to navigate through these difficult situations. Clients access support for a variety of different reasons and I will work with you in a collaborative way to establish goals that lead to what you envision feeling better might look like. I work primarily with older adolescents, adults and couples.
(343) 304-6350 View (343) 304-6350
Photo of Dr. Whitney Taylor, PhD, CPsych, PMH-C, Psychologist
Dr. Whitney Taylor
Psychologist, PhD, CPsych, PMH-C
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Navan, ON K4B
The human condition is inherently challenging. Our evolved mind readily ruminates about the past and frets about the future. Our modern society overwhelms us with choices, expectations, and seemingly endless demands on our time and energy. We pursue answers and achievements, only to be left with worry and sadness. We are disconnected from ourselves and from each other. If you're feeling lonely and uncertain, please know you are not alone and you are worthy of support. Although we cannot eliminate our suffering, we can change our relationship to painful thoughts and feelings to live more compassionately, flexibly, and skillfully.
The human condition is inherently challenging. Our evolved mind readily ruminates about the past and frets about the future. Our modern society overwhelms us with choices, expectations, and seemingly endless demands on our time and energy. We pursue answers and achievements, only to be left with worry and sadness. We are disconnected from ourselves and from each other. If you're feeling lonely and uncertain, please know you are not alone and you are worthy of support. Although we cannot eliminate our suffering, we can change our relationship to painful thoughts and feelings to live more compassionately, flexibly, and skillfully.
(613) 856-2820 View (613) 856-2820
Photo of Heidi Roberts, RP, MACP, CCC, Registered Psychotherapist
Heidi Roberts
Registered Psychotherapist, RP, MACP, CCC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Navan, ON K4B  (Online Only)
I employ a strengths-based approach to collaborate with my clients and to create a safe and non-judgmental environment to explore challenging issues. I aim to empower clients, through a supportive and empathetic approach, grounded in the belief that therapy is an integral component to overall health and wellness. I use multiple therapeutic modalities in order to remain flexible to the needs of the clients. I provide support to individuals (18+), couples, and families, using an integrative humanistic approach.
I employ a strengths-based approach to collaborate with my clients and to create a safe and non-judgmental environment to explore challenging issues. I aim to empower clients, through a supportive and empathetic approach, grounded in the belief that therapy is an integral component to overall health and wellness. I use multiple therapeutic modalities in order to remain flexible to the needs of the clients. I provide support to individuals (18+), couples, and families, using an integrative humanistic approach.
(343) 308-3792 View (343) 308-3792
Photo of Antoine Lemay, DESP, Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying)
Antoine Lemay
Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying), DESP
Verified Verified
Navan, ON K4B
Please feel free to cont act me if you have any questions.
Do you feel disconnected from yourself and others? This might imp act your life negatively, affecting your sense of fulfillment or your happiness. I can help. My name is Antoine Lemay and I recently completed my graduate studies in psychotherapy at the University of Hearst. I follow an integrative approach where I rely primarily on the concepts of person-centered therapy, psychodynamic therapy and CBT, adapted to meet the unique needs of each client. I offer sessions in French and English. I also offer sliding-scale therapy services.
Please feel free to cont act me if you have any questions.
Do you feel disconnected from yourself and others? This might imp act your life negatively, affecting your sense of fulfillment or your happiness. I can help. My name is Antoine Lemay and I recently completed my graduate studies in psychotherapy at the University of Hearst. I follow an integrative approach where I rely primarily on the concepts of person-centered therapy, psychodynamic therapy and CBT, adapted to meet the unique needs of each client. I offer sessions in French and English. I also offer sliding-scale therapy services.
(343) 313-1304 View (343) 313-1304
Photo of Mélanie Duquette, MEd, CCC, RP, Registered Psychotherapist
Mélanie Duquette
Registered Psychotherapist, MEd, CCC, RP
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Navan, ON K4B
Accepting new clients (Adult, teens and child) during daytime. Wait list for after school appointments. - Welcome to my psychotherapy practice! I am a licensed psychotherapist deeply committed to helping individuals overcome challenges and embrace life with newfound strength and clarity. I specialize in a range of issues including anxiety, depression, self-esteem, behavioural challenges, ADHD, academic stress, family dynamics, parenting concerns, anger, grief/loss. — Life is an ever-changing journey filled with twists and turns, and sometimes, we encounter obstacles that can leave us feeling overwhelmed or stuck.
Accepting new clients (Adult, teens and child) during daytime. Wait list for after school appointments. - Welcome to my psychotherapy practice! I am a licensed psychotherapist deeply committed to helping individuals overcome challenges and embrace life with newfound strength and clarity. I specialize in a range of issues including anxiety, depression, self-esteem, behavioural challenges, ADHD, academic stress, family dynamics, parenting concerns, anger, grief/loss. — Life is an ever-changing journey filled with twists and turns, and sometimes, we encounter obstacles that can leave us feeling overwhelmed or stuck.
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Photo of Claudia Milejski - Charron Psychotherapy Services - Claudia Milejski, MA, RP(Q), Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying)
Charron Psychotherapy Services - Claudia Milejski
Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying), MA, RP(Q)
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Navan, ON K4B
Are you feeling anxious, depressed, stressed, or emotionally disregulated? Have you been faced with difficult challenges, individually or in a relationship, and are looking to find ways to navigate your situation? Do you feel not quite like yourself and are unsure where to go from here? Do you find yourself using unhealthy coping mechanisms and want to find a healthy approach? These are all common issues people bring into therapy sessions. Together, we can work to better understand your story and develop tools and strategies that will allow you to build the life you want to live.
Are you feeling anxious, depressed, stressed, or emotionally disregulated? Have you been faced with difficult challenges, individually or in a relationship, and are looking to find ways to navigate your situation? Do you feel not quite like yourself and are unsure where to go from here? Do you find yourself using unhealthy coping mechanisms and want to find a healthy approach? These are all common issues people bring into therapy sessions. Together, we can work to better understand your story and develop tools and strategies that will allow you to build the life you want to live.
(343) 313-0654 View (343) 313-0654
Photo of The Authentic Life - Laura Goodes, BA, MA, RP, Registered Psychotherapist
The Authentic Life - Laura Goodes
Registered Psychotherapist, BA, MA, RP
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Navan, ON K4B
Currently Not Accepting New Clients
Currently Not Accepting New Clients
(343) 342-0206 View (343) 342-0206

More Therapists Nearby

Photo of Anne Sajous, MSW, RSW, Registered Social Worker
Anne Sajous
Registered Social Worker, MSW, RSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Orleans, ON K4A  (Online Only)
I offer services to individuals (15+) who are experiencing symptoms of depression and anxiety. I also help clients with relationships, trauma, identity, existential concerns, grief, self-esteem, and self- acceptance. I support clients to develop an increased sense of self-awareness, self confidence and sense of direction.
I offer services to individuals (15+) who are experiencing symptoms of depression and anxiety. I also help clients with relationships, trauma, identity, existential concerns, grief, self-esteem, and self- acceptance. I support clients to develop an increased sense of self-awareness, self confidence and sense of direction.
(613) 651-1745 View (613) 651-1745
Photo of Megan LaBreche, RP, MSc, OAMHP, Registered Psychotherapist
Megan LaBreche
Registered Psychotherapist, RP, MSc, OAMHP
Verified Verified
Ottawa, ON K4A  (Online Only)
My approach blends several types of therapy, including cognitive behavioural therapy, dialectical behavioural therapy, mindfulness, acceptance and commitment therapy and psychoeducation.
Eating disorders and exercise disorders have devastating effects on the individual suffering and those close to them. As a registered psychotherapist specializing in the treatment of eating and exercise disorders and co-occurring issues, I work collaboratively with clients to meet their own individual therapeutic needs as they bravely journey into full recovery. While I specialize in treating eating disorders, approximately half of my clients come to me with different concerns. I have extensive experience with anxiety, depression, trauma, relationship issues.
My approach blends several types of therapy, including cognitive behavioural therapy, dialectical behavioural therapy, mindfulness, acceptance and commitment therapy and psychoeducation.
Eating disorders and exercise disorders have devastating effects on the individual suffering and those close to them. As a registered psychotherapist specializing in the treatment of eating and exercise disorders and co-occurring issues, I work collaboratively with clients to meet their own individual therapeutic needs as they bravely journey into full recovery. While I specialize in treating eating disorders, approximately half of my clients come to me with different concerns. I have extensive experience with anxiety, depression, trauma, relationship issues.
(289) 302-6953 View (289) 302-6953
Photo of Sandy Ghobrial, Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying)
Sandy Ghobrial
Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying)
Verified Verified
Orleans, ON K1W  (Online Only)
I integrate Person-centered, ACT, Attachment-Based Therapy, CBT, EFT, IFS, Motivational Interviewing, and Solution Focused Therapy.
Struggling with relationships, anxiety, anger, coping skills, self-esteem, or low mood? Start with a deep connection to yourself. Genuine connections arise from self-awareness and acceptance. Reflect on your imp act on relationships—friends, colleagues, family. Discover how to connect authentically by addressing suppressed emotions, burnout, overwhelm, and vulnerabilities. Understanding and embracing oneself is essential for nurturing meaningful relationships beyond attributing conflicts solely to partners.
I integrate Person-centered, ACT, Attachment-Based Therapy, CBT, EFT, IFS, Motivational Interviewing, and Solution Focused Therapy.
Struggling with relationships, anxiety, anger, coping skills, self-esteem, or low mood? Start with a deep connection to yourself. Genuine connections arise from self-awareness and acceptance. Reflect on your imp act on relationships—friends, colleagues, family. Discover how to connect authentically by addressing suppressed emotions, burnout, overwhelm, and vulnerabilities. Understanding and embracing oneself is essential for nurturing meaningful relationships beyond attributing conflicts solely to partners.
(343) 453-0271 View (343) 453-0271
Photo of Erefaa Ogbuaku Jnr, MACP, RP, CCC, Registered Psychotherapist
Erefaa Ogbuaku Jnr
Registered Psychotherapist, MACP, RP, CCC
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Ottawa, ON K4A
Contingent upon your specific need, I use a client-centered approach from a cultural, trauma-informed, and inclusive framework while integrating techniques such as Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, Eye-Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR), Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), and Solution-Focused Therapy (SFT).
CURRENTLY ACCEPTING NEW CLIENTS. Welcome to Shades of Therapy! Every now and then, life throws a curveball at us which could leave a person feeling confused, alone, and unenthusiastic about life. It could also make it challenging to complete daily tasks. Surely there’s another way right? To live life the way you want to, and feel truly happy and fulfilled. Like George Harrison says, "It's all in the mind". I truly believe that asking for help is a sign of strength, and it means you are aware enough to take care of your mind as you do your body.
Contingent upon your specific need, I use a client-centered approach from a cultural, trauma-informed, and inclusive framework while integrating techniques such as Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, Eye-Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR), Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), and Solution-Focused Therapy (SFT).
CURRENTLY ACCEPTING NEW CLIENTS. Welcome to Shades of Therapy! Every now and then, life throws a curveball at us which could leave a person feeling confused, alone, and unenthusiastic about life. It could also make it challenging to complete daily tasks. Surely there’s another way right? To live life the way you want to, and feel truly happy and fulfilled. Like George Harrison says, "It's all in the mind". I truly believe that asking for help is a sign of strength, and it means you are aware enough to take care of your mind as you do your body.
(343) 700-0135 View (343) 700-0135
Photo of Catherine Brunet, MEd, RP, Registered Psychotherapist
Catherine Brunet
Registered Psychotherapist, MEd, RP
Verified Verified
Ottawa, ON K1C
Throughout life, we come to face challenges that we struggle to understand and cope with. I seek to help individuals achieve their innate potential and help them navigate their hardships, moving towards growth and healing. I believe that with a trusting therapeutic alliance, clients can explore moving to a place of acceptance and of well-being.
Throughout life, we come to face challenges that we struggle to understand and cope with. I seek to help individuals achieve their innate potential and help them navigate their hardships, moving towards growth and healing. I believe that with a trusting therapeutic alliance, clients can explore moving to a place of acceptance and of well-being.
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Photo of Mélanie Lacombe - Mélanie Lacombe | Anxiety | Depression | Orleans , MSW, RSW, Registered Social Worker
Mélanie Lacombe | Anxiety | Depression | Orleans
Registered Social Worker, MSW, RSW
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Orleans, ON K4A
My practice draws on a variety of elements from evidence-based therapeutic approaches including Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT), Dialectical Behavioural Therapy (DBT), Mindfulness-based therapy, Acceptance Commitment Therapy ( ACT), Motivational Interviewing and Solution focused therapy.
Is your child or teen experiencing anxiety, depression, or strong emotions? Does frequent worry seem to get in the way of daily activities? Are you worried about their ability to regulate their emotions? If you're feeling stuck in helping them navigate the stresses of life; I’m here to help. I bring over 13 years of clinical experience to the therapy process. I work in French & English with kids, teens and young adults to help them gain coping skills to manage their anxiety, depression, self-esteem, anger and stress. I am dedicated to guiding your child on their journey to emotional well-being ensuring they no longer feel held back.
My practice draws on a variety of elements from evidence-based therapeutic approaches including Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT), Dialectical Behavioural Therapy (DBT), Mindfulness-based therapy, Acceptance Commitment Therapy ( ACT), Motivational Interviewing and Solution focused therapy.
Is your child or teen experiencing anxiety, depression, or strong emotions? Does frequent worry seem to get in the way of daily activities? Are you worried about their ability to regulate their emotions? If you're feeling stuck in helping them navigate the stresses of life; I’m here to help. I bring over 13 years of clinical experience to the therapy process. I work in French & English with kids, teens and young adults to help them gain coping skills to manage their anxiety, depression, self-esteem, anger and stress. I am dedicated to guiding your child on their journey to emotional well-being ensuring they no longer feel held back.
(343) 321-0634 View (343) 321-0634
Photo of Cheryl Hoban, MSW, RSW, Registered Social Worker
Cheryl Hoban
Registered Social Worker, MSW, RSW
Verified Verified
Orleans, ON K4A  (Online Only)
My passion is to provide women with the tools to cope with the difficulties life throws at us, make space to take care of themselves and to live a life they value. I have a special interest in treating people who are dealing with anxiety, obsessive compulsive disorder, and those who are in the various stages of motherhood; including those experiencing pregnancy, postpartum, difficulties conceiving and loss. With a deep understanding of the nuanced challenges individuals face, I strive to create a supportive space for you to explore your emotions, while also providing you with evidence based tools to help you move forward.
My passion is to provide women with the tools to cope with the difficulties life throws at us, make space to take care of themselves and to live a life they value. I have a special interest in treating people who are dealing with anxiety, obsessive compulsive disorder, and those who are in the various stages of motherhood; including those experiencing pregnancy, postpartum, difficulties conceiving and loss. With a deep understanding of the nuanced challenges individuals face, I strive to create a supportive space for you to explore your emotions, while also providing you with evidence based tools to help you move forward.
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Photo of Alisha Williams, MSW, RSW, Registered Social Worker
Alisha Williams
Registered Social Worker, MSW, RSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Gloucester, ON K1W  (Online Only)
If you are reading this, you have made a huge step towards your wellness. Congratulations on beginning this journey! I work with adults, youth and families from all walks of life to identify the stressors and patterns in your lives that are preventing you from reaching your wellness goals. You don’t have to walk this journey alone. Together, we will explore your thoughts, feelings, and experiences to understand what is keeping you trapped in unhelpful cycles. We will collaborate to find solutions and resources that make sense for you.
If you are reading this, you have made a huge step towards your wellness. Congratulations on beginning this journey! I work with adults, youth and families from all walks of life to identify the stressors and patterns in your lives that are preventing you from reaching your wellness goals. You don’t have to walk this journey alone. Together, we will explore your thoughts, feelings, and experiences to understand what is keeping you trapped in unhelpful cycles. We will collaborate to find solutions and resources that make sense for you.
(289) 312-0147 View (289) 312-0147
Photo of Dr. Reem Maassarani, PhD, Psychologist
Dr. Reem Maassarani
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Orleans, ON K4A
“New RCMP and private clients now welcome! VAC waitlist currently closed.” Have you experienced extreme life events that have changed the way you feel and re act? Do you find it hard to trust others and feel the need to isolate from your loved ones? Do you feel more on edge? Life can be challenging at times but you don’t have to struggle alone. I offer a warm and compassionate environment laced with psychological interventions to improve symptoms related to trauma, PTSD, anxiety, depression, chronic pain, and health-related difficulties so that you can start living your life instead of surviving it.
“New RCMP and private clients now welcome! VAC waitlist currently closed.” Have you experienced extreme life events that have changed the way you feel and re act? Do you find it hard to trust others and feel the need to isolate from your loved ones? Do you feel more on edge? Life can be challenging at times but you don’t have to struggle alone. I offer a warm and compassionate environment laced with psychological interventions to improve symptoms related to trauma, PTSD, anxiety, depression, chronic pain, and health-related difficulties so that you can start living your life instead of surviving it.
(343) 342-0329 View (343) 342-0329
Photo of Kevin Amirault - Kevin Amirault - Outdoor Insight Psychotherapy, MSW, RSW, Registered Social Worker
Kevin Amirault - Outdoor Insight Psychotherapy
Registered Social Worker, MSW, RSW
Verified Verified
Ottawa, ON K4A
Does it feel like difficult emotions are in control of your life or your household? See the path forward but can’t seem to take the needed steps? Is traditional office therapy a barrier for you or your teen and you want to try another way? Together, we can create a space and a relationship to make change for you and your loved ones. By exploring practical strategies and trying them out together, rather than just talking in the abstr act, we can piece together the puzzle to not only better understand what is wrong, but find the tools to make it right.
Does it feel like difficult emotions are in control of your life or your household? See the path forward but can’t seem to take the needed steps? Is traditional office therapy a barrier for you or your teen and you want to try another way? Together, we can create a space and a relationship to make change for you and your loved ones. By exploring practical strategies and trying them out together, rather than just talking in the abstr act, we can piece together the puzzle to not only better understand what is wrong, but find the tools to make it right.
(343) 501-3531 View (343) 501-3531
Photo of Meghan Billings, PhD(c), MA, MEd, RP, CCC, Registered Psychotherapist
Meghan Billings
Registered Psychotherapist, PhD(c), MA, MEd, RP, CCC
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Cumberland, ON K4B  (Online Only)
If you are facing challenges in your life and want to process or explore feelings, or just need to talk, I am here to listen without judgment. We will work together to navigate the circumstances and events of your life, create therapeutic goals, and engage with your resources. Ultimately, you will develop practices and skills to help you gain new insights and foster healing. I tend to use a client-centred, trauma-informed, and inclusive approach to therapy with a focus on "parts work". I have worked with diverse clients of all ages on experiences of anxiety, depression, relationships, suicide, parenting, crisis, trauma, and more.
If you are facing challenges in your life and want to process or explore feelings, or just need to talk, I am here to listen without judgment. We will work together to navigate the circumstances and events of your life, create therapeutic goals, and engage with your resources. Ultimately, you will develop practices and skills to help you gain new insights and foster healing. I tend to use a client-centred, trauma-informed, and inclusive approach to therapy with a focus on "parts work". I have worked with diverse clients of all ages on experiences of anxiety, depression, relationships, suicide, parenting, crisis, trauma, and more.
(343) 312-7416 View (343) 312-7416
Photo of Nora Elmi - Elmi Counselling and Wellness Services , Registered Social Worker
Elmi Counselling and Wellness Services
Registered Social Worker
Verified Verified
Gloucester, ON K1W  (Online Only)
Elmi Counselling and Wellness Services is an Ontario based virtual private practice offering individual, couples, as well as child and family therapy. We offer culturally relevant and trauma informed services anchored in anti-racism and anti-oppressive frameworks. Our team of skilled Black therapists are here to support you in navigating challenges in your life, reduce stress and to begin to live a life rooted in health and wellness. We support clients with Anxiety, Burnout, Depression, Relational conflict, Family Dynamics, Women's Issues and Stress... among many other issues!
Elmi Counselling and Wellness Services is an Ontario based virtual private practice offering individual, couples, as well as child and family therapy. We offer culturally relevant and trauma informed services anchored in anti-racism and anti-oppressive frameworks. Our team of skilled Black therapists are here to support you in navigating challenges in your life, reduce stress and to begin to live a life rooted in health and wellness. We support clients with Anxiety, Burnout, Depression, Relational conflict, Family Dynamics, Women's Issues and Stress... among many other issues!
(343) 600-1732 View (343) 600-1732
Photo of Olivia Makara, MEd, Registered Psychotherapist
Olivia Makara
Registered Psychotherapist, MEd
Verified Verified
Gloucester, ON K1W
Accepting New Clients! - Life can be extremely challenging sometimes & reaching out for help may seem like the most daunting task, but it may be the best decision you ever make. I primarily work with individuals of ages 18+ who are experiencing ongoing mental health challenges such as anxiety, depression, self-esteem issues, and burnout. My goal is to make you feel heard, understood & supported by creating a healing and compassionate environment. My objective is also to help you navigate the issues you are experiencing and assist in the development of healthy coping mechanisms to build a more resilient self.
Accepting New Clients! - Life can be extremely challenging sometimes & reaching out for help may seem like the most daunting task, but it may be the best decision you ever make. I primarily work with individuals of ages 18+ who are experiencing ongoing mental health challenges such as anxiety, depression, self-esteem issues, and burnout. My goal is to make you feel heard, understood & supported by creating a healing and compassionate environment. My objective is also to help you navigate the issues you are experiencing and assist in the development of healthy coping mechanisms to build a more resilient self.
(343) 313-0359 View (343) 313-0359

See more therapy options for Navan

Acceptance and Commitment (ACT) Counsellors

How does acceptance and commitment therapy work?

Acceptance and Commitment Therapy encourages a person to listen to their self-talk. A person’s inner dialog can be indicative of how they treat themselves. ACT also encourages self-compassion; this can lead to a better understanding of negative thought patterns and emotional states. This understanding can then lead the individual to needed behavior change.

What are the goals of acceptance and commitment therapy?

The goal of acceptance and commitment is to expand a person’s psychological flexibility, a trait that encourages an individual to live in the present moment and to accept all their thoughts, feelings, and emotions, even ones that are difficult such as sadness and anxiety. In ACT, this acceptance is congruent with the individual’s values and beliefs.

Does acceptance and commitment therapy work for depression?

Acceptance and commitment therapy is effective for depression because it allows the individual to view their discomfort and suffering differently. Depressive feelings about relationship heartaches, for example, are a part of life. A despondent person learns to let go of their struggles and instead view their painful thoughts and feelings with compassion. This will lead the individual toward positive change.

How long are people typically in acceptance and commitment therapy?

A typical acceptance and commitment therapy session is 50 minutes long with one session per week. Treatment for common problems such as anxiety, depression, or relationship difficulties can last between eight weeks to four months. However, more severe cases may require more than one session a week and/or a longer time frame for treatment.