Therapists in Hanover, ON

Photo of Rebecca Giroux - Haven: Child, Adolescent & Family Therapy , MSW, RSW, Registered Social Worker
Haven: Child, Adolescent & Family Therapy
Registered Social Worker, MSW, RSW
Verified Verified
Hanover, ON N4N
Rebecca provides evidence-based therapy to adults, children, adolescents and their families experiencing an array of difficulties including: managing disruptive emotions, separation anxiety, social struggles, peer issues, self-esteem, navigating our mental health system and caregiver support. Rebecca has completed all 3 levels of foundational training with the Canadian Association of Play Therapy. She uses play and activity-based techniques that peak a child or teens interests.
Rebecca provides evidence-based therapy to adults, children, adolescents and their families experiencing an array of difficulties including: managing disruptive emotions, separation anxiety, social struggles, peer issues, self-esteem, navigating our mental health system and caregiver support. Rebecca has completed all 3 levels of foundational training with the Canadian Association of Play Therapy. She uses play and activity-based techniques that peak a child or teens interests.
(226) 799-9233 View (226) 799-9233
Photo of Geri Robertson Counselling Child Behaviorist, RPC, Counsellor
Geri Robertson Counselling Child Behaviorist
Counsellor, RPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Hanover, ON N4N
If you're a parent challenged with a child who brings a whole lot of stress and chaos I can help. If you are finding there is more struggle than seems natural, it might be a deeper understanding of your child's personality, and how it intersects with your parenting style that is required. I have developed a program I call Transformative Compassionate Parenting, thru this way of looking at your relationship with your child we can create calm and rational responses, where there once was only explosive emotional outbursts. Reach out for a chat, calm is only a phone call or email away.
If you're a parent challenged with a child who brings a whole lot of stress and chaos I can help. If you are finding there is more struggle than seems natural, it might be a deeper understanding of your child's personality, and how it intersects with your parenting style that is required. I have developed a program I call Transformative Compassionate Parenting, thru this way of looking at your relationship with your child we can create calm and rational responses, where there once was only explosive emotional outbursts. Reach out for a chat, calm is only a phone call or email away.
(548) 290-7800 View (548) 290-7800
Photo of Simon Robert Jo-Keeling, MACP, PhD, RP(Q), Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying)
Simon Robert Jo-Keeling
Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying), MACP, PhD, RP(Q)
Verified Verified
Hanover, ON N4N
I'm interested in working with people who are ready to take a journey into self-discovery: to inquire compassionately into joy, fulfillment, distress and suffering. Perhaps you have questions about who you really are, how experience has shaped you, what your place in the world is, how to cope with life changes, or how to keep going in the face of injustice. Perhaps existence simply feels wrong in a way you can't quite pinpoint.
I'm interested in working with people who are ready to take a journey into self-discovery: to inquire compassionately into joy, fulfillment, distress and suffering. Perhaps you have questions about who you really are, how experience has shaped you, what your place in the world is, how to cope with life changes, or how to keep going in the face of injustice. Perhaps existence simply feels wrong in a way you can't quite pinpoint.
(226) 212-7928 View (226) 212-7928
Photo of Chanel Wainscott, MACP, RP (Q), PMH-C, Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying)
Chanel Wainscott
Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying), MACP, RP (Q), PMH-C
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Hanover, ON N4N
You're no stranger to overcoming hard times, but you're finding parenthood to be the biggest challenge yet. Despite strides in healthier habits, maintaining positive changes is an ongoing struggle. Balancing your identity with family responsibilities feels overwhelming. The pressure to navigate challenges and create new values and meaning for your family is driven by past cycles you want to break. You're looking for confidence in making family decisions and following through with enjoyable and sustainable self-care habits without shame.
You're no stranger to overcoming hard times, but you're finding parenthood to be the biggest challenge yet. Despite strides in healthier habits, maintaining positive changes is an ongoing struggle. Balancing your identity with family responsibilities feels overwhelming. The pressure to navigate challenges and create new values and meaning for your family is driven by past cycles you want to break. You're looking for confidence in making family decisions and following through with enjoyable and sustainable self-care habits without shame.
(226) 773-0798 View (226) 773-0798
Photo of Klaasje Prins, Registered Psychotherapist
Klaasje Prins
Registered Psychotherapist
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Hanover, ON N4N
Hi there! I'm Klaasje, and I understand that life can throw unexpected challenges our way, leaving us feeling overwhelmed and unsure of where to turn. Are you grappling with anxiety, overthinking, burnout, or stress? Let's explore together what's on your mind and how I can support you in finding clarity, peace, and resilience.
Hi there! I'm Klaasje, and I understand that life can throw unexpected challenges our way, leaving us feeling overwhelmed and unsure of where to turn. Are you grappling with anxiety, overthinking, burnout, or stress? Let's explore together what's on your mind and how I can support you in finding clarity, peace, and resilience.
(226) 702-2925 View (226) 702-2925
Photo of Jennifer Brunner - Jennifer Brunner - Certified EMDR Clinician/MSW, BA, BSW, MSW, TITC-TC, RSW, Registered Social Worker
Jennifer Brunner - Certified EMDR Clinician/MSW
Registered Social Worker, BA, BSW, MSW, TITC-TC, RSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Hanover, ON N4N
Hey there! I know it can feel pretty overwhelming trying to choose the right therapist. We are a no wait list clinic, so we can address your needs immediately when you are ready. If you are struggling with depression, addiction, anxiety, trauma, stress related symptoms, or are feeling unfulfilled in relationships, we can help. Perhaps you don't want to spend months in a traditional therapy treatment in order to feel better? I also offer EMDR intensives which are multiple sessions in a short period of time or longer sessions for faster improvement.
Hey there! I know it can feel pretty overwhelming trying to choose the right therapist. We are a no wait list clinic, so we can address your needs immediately when you are ready. If you are struggling with depression, addiction, anxiety, trauma, stress related symptoms, or are feeling unfulfilled in relationships, we can help. Perhaps you don't want to spend months in a traditional therapy treatment in order to feel better? I also offer EMDR intensives which are multiple sessions in a short period of time or longer sessions for faster improvement.
(833) 218-9417 View (833) 218-9417
Photo of Courtney Hayman, MACP, RP, Registered Psychotherapist
Courtney Hayman
Registered Psychotherapist, MACP, RP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Hanover, ON N4N
Hi, Im Courtney! I strive to create an environment where you feel comfortable and safe. I have experience working with people struggling with behavioural and/or substance addictions, anxiety, depression, life transitions, stress and anger, trauma, complex mental health struggles, and interpersonal or relationship issues.
Hi, Im Courtney! I strive to create an environment where you feel comfortable and safe. I have experience working with people struggling with behavioural and/or substance addictions, anxiety, depression, life transitions, stress and anger, trauma, complex mental health struggles, and interpersonal or relationship issues.
(226) 641-6506 x3 View (226) 641-6506 x3
Photo of Jessica Cragg, MSW, RSW, Registered Social Worker
Jessica Cragg
Registered Social Worker, MSW, RSW
Verified Verified
Hanover, ON N4N
Waitlist for new clients
Anxiety, Depression and Trauma Therapist: You’ve experienced distressing event(s) that have impacted your ability to move forward. You fluctuate between feelings of worry, sadness and hopelessness. At night you have difficulty sleeping and throughout the day you experience constant reminders of the event. You feel the world is unsafe so you avoid certain situations, places and people and you have a hard time trusting others. You want nothing more than to be able to feel calm and experience happiness again. If you’re ready to break the cycle and build confidence in yourself, you’ve landed on the right profile.
Anxiety, Depression and Trauma Therapist: You’ve experienced distressing event(s) that have impacted your ability to move forward. You fluctuate between feelings of worry, sadness and hopelessness. At night you have difficulty sleeping and throughout the day you experience constant reminders of the event. You feel the world is unsafe so you avoid certain situations, places and people and you have a hard time trusting others. You want nothing more than to be able to feel calm and experience happiness again. If you’re ready to break the cycle and build confidence in yourself, you’ve landed on the right profile.
(226) 407-9090 View (226) 407-9090
Photo of Jessica LeeAnn Brown - Jessica Brown Psychotherapy , RSW, Registered Social Worker
Jessica Brown Psychotherapy
Registered Social Worker, RSW
Verified Verified
Hanover, ON N4N
Hi, I’m Jessica! (She/her). Proudly specializing in making people feel heard in a reflective, compassionate, and authentic manner to therapy. I am a strong believer that no matter where you are on your journey, everyone can work towards living a full and happy life. I have several years of experience working as a Social Worker with children, youth, and adults in agency and clinical settings, and I am excited that my career and personal journey has brought me to become a psychotherapist.
Hi, I’m Jessica! (She/her). Proudly specializing in making people feel heard in a reflective, compassionate, and authentic manner to therapy. I am a strong believer that no matter where you are on your journey, everyone can work towards living a full and happy life. I have several years of experience working as a Social Worker with children, youth, and adults in agency and clinical settings, and I am excited that my career and personal journey has brought me to become a psychotherapist.
(226) 798-3369 View (226) 798-3369
Photo of Sarah Watts, MACP, Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying)
Sarah Watts
Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying), MACP
Verified Verified
Hanover, ON N4N
I see my therapist role as facilitator and support on your journey through healing and/or self development. To this role I bring, as well as formal education and training, half a century of living and learning. I support individual adults, embracing all types of diversity. I will hold calm and compassionate space for us to address anything you have experienced, such as trauma, anxiety, anger issues, grief and loss, interpersonal and narcissistic abuse and even suicidal thoughts. I’ve seen and personally experienced the power of somatic/body-centred therapy approaches and experiential and expressive work as well as just talk therapy.
I see my therapist role as facilitator and support on your journey through healing and/or self development. To this role I bring, as well as formal education and training, half a century of living and learning. I support individual adults, embracing all types of diversity. I will hold calm and compassionate space for us to address anything you have experienced, such as trauma, anxiety, anger issues, grief and loss, interpersonal and narcissistic abuse and even suicidal thoughts. I’ve seen and personally experienced the power of somatic/body-centred therapy approaches and experiential and expressive work as well as just talk therapy.
(226) 839-0308 View (226) 839-0308
Photo of The Clarity Team - The Clarity Clinic, RP, CCC, CPT, Registered Psychotherapist
The Clarity Clinic
Registered Psychotherapist, RP, CCC, CPT
Verified Verified
Hanover, ON N4N
Welcome! What sets us apart is our team of therapists who are ready to work with adults, children, teens, parents and couples of all ages and abilities. We have full-time administrative staff waiting to take your call or email and match your with the best therapist in our practice based on the needs of you or your loved ones. Our therapists have a number of specialties and all work from the perspective of helping clients to heal the root cause of challenges, so natural resilience, health, and happiness can shine through.
Welcome! What sets us apart is our team of therapists who are ready to work with adults, children, teens, parents and couples of all ages and abilities. We have full-time administrative staff waiting to take your call or email and match your with the best therapist in our practice based on the needs of you or your loved ones. Our therapists have a number of specialties and all work from the perspective of helping clients to heal the root cause of challenges, so natural resilience, health, and happiness can shine through.
(226) 773-4510 View (226) 773-4510
Photo of Leanne Carter - Aspire Counselling Services, BSW, MSW, RSW, Registered Social Worker
Aspire Counselling Services
Registered Social Worker, BSW, MSW, RSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Hanover, ON N4N
Congratulations on taking a step toward healing. Whether you are just beginning the journey or have been on the journey for quite some time, I am here to help. I believe that there are things in life that derail us from living to our full potential. These events, whether small "t" traumas or big "T" Traumas, cause us to feel overwhelmed, anxious, and depressed. It changes the way we feel about ourselves and how we interact with others. With the right support and therapy, I believe we all have the strength, courage, and internal resources to overcome negative life experiences.
Congratulations on taking a step toward healing. Whether you are just beginning the journey or have been on the journey for quite some time, I am here to help. I believe that there are things in life that derail us from living to our full potential. These events, whether small "t" traumas or big "T" Traumas, cause us to feel overwhelmed, anxious, and depressed. It changes the way we feel about ourselves and how we interact with others. With the right support and therapy, I believe we all have the strength, courage, and internal resources to overcome negative life experiences.
(226) 894-4213 View (226) 894-4213
Photo of Ruth Linnen, Registe, Psychot, MTS, OAMHP
Ruth Linnen
Registe, Psychot, MTS, OAMHP
Verified Verified
Hanover, ON N4N
Ruth Linnen began her practice in psychotherapy in 1996. She is the the founder and director of CPCC. She is a Registered Psychotherapist with a specialty in Trauma Consultation, Assessment, Treatment and Education. She is trained in Critical Incident Stress Management ( Advanced) , ASIST, and Violence Threat Risk Assessment (VTRA) and is Certified in Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR). In her private practice she also offers Family, Couple's, Individual, and Group therapy. Other modalities of treatment offered by Ruth at CPCC include DBT, CBT and Sensorimotor psychotherapy.
Ruth Linnen began her practice in psychotherapy in 1996. She is the the founder and director of CPCC. She is a Registered Psychotherapist with a specialty in Trauma Consultation, Assessment, Treatment and Education. She is trained in Critical Incident Stress Management ( Advanced) , ASIST, and Violence Threat Risk Assessment (VTRA) and is Certified in Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR). In her private practice she also offers Family, Couple's, Individual, and Group therapy. Other modalities of treatment offered by Ruth at CPCC include DBT, CBT and Sensorimotor psychotherapy.
(855) 935-4455 View (855) 935-4455
Photo of Alison Vallee Spark Wellness, BA, BSW, MSW, RSW, Registered Social Worker
Alison Vallee Spark Wellness
Registered Social Worker, BA, BSW, MSW, RSW
Verified Verified
Hanover, ON N4N
Are you feeling overwhelmed, dreading each day, or experiencing anxiety about life in general? There is a way to feel better, and I can help you! I have worked in the field of mental health for over 15 years, with adults, children, adolescents & caregivers. I believe that the relationship with your therapist is essential to making change and improving your mental health and wellness. I believe that my compassion and empathy provide a safe and nurturing place for you to improve your mental health & wellness.
Are you feeling overwhelmed, dreading each day, or experiencing anxiety about life in general? There is a way to feel better, and I can help you! I have worked in the field of mental health for over 15 years, with adults, children, adolescents & caregivers. I believe that the relationship with your therapist is essential to making change and improving your mental health and wellness. I believe that my compassion and empathy provide a safe and nurturing place for you to improve your mental health & wellness.
(226) 779-0335 View (226) 779-0335
Photo of JoAnne Clark - Clark Psychological Services, MA, CPsych, Psychologist
Clark Psychological Services
Psychologist, MA, CPsych
Verified Verified
Hanover, ON N4N
Registered Member of the College of Psychologists of Ontario. Full Range of Assessment and Treatment for Children, Teens, Adults, and Families.
Registered Member of the College of Psychologists of Ontario. Full Range of Assessment and Treatment for Children, Teens, Adults, and Families.
(855) 920-9852 View (855) 920-9852
Photo of Mike Harloff - Mike Harloff Psychotherapy, MDiv, RP, Registered Psychotherapist
Mike Harloff Psychotherapy
Registered Psychotherapist, MDiv, RP
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Hanover, ON N4N
Are you experiencing overwhelm, anxiety, self-doubt? Do you put everyone else's needs above your own and go through times of self-doubt but, deep down, your gut's telling you that you deserve better - to feel supported, understood, appreciated, and confident? I'm here to help you reclaim what your gut’s been telling you the whole time. Together, we will sort out your thoughts, feelings, and work to prioritize what matters most in your life. I take time to listen carefully, validate your feelings, and provide tools and strategies to help you get back to your ideal life and relationships. Your quality of life is my top priority.
Are you experiencing overwhelm, anxiety, self-doubt? Do you put everyone else's needs above your own and go through times of self-doubt but, deep down, your gut's telling you that you deserve better - to feel supported, understood, appreciated, and confident? I'm here to help you reclaim what your gut’s been telling you the whole time. Together, we will sort out your thoughts, feelings, and work to prioritize what matters most in your life. I take time to listen carefully, validate your feelings, and provide tools and strategies to help you get back to your ideal life and relationships. Your quality of life is my top priority.
(226) 271-2250 View (226) 271-2250
Photo of Jody Woodcock, BSW, MACP, RSW, Registered Social Worker
Jody Woodcock
Registered Social Worker, BSW, MACP, RSW
Verified Verified
Hanover, ON N4N
Almost everyone will experience grief and loss in their lifetime and while there are no absolute stages of grief and no single way to mourn, every person has a unique experience and response to their loss. We experience loss in many ways – through sudden, unexpected death, miscarriage, infant loss, job loss, the ending of a relationship or through chronic illness, aging, life transitions, end of life planning and anticipating the death of a loved one.
Almost everyone will experience grief and loss in their lifetime and while there are no absolute stages of grief and no single way to mourn, every person has a unique experience and response to their loss. We experience loss in many ways – through sudden, unexpected death, miscarriage, infant loss, job loss, the ending of a relationship or through chronic illness, aging, life transitions, end of life planning and anticipating the death of a loved one.
(226) 270-9455 View (226) 270-9455
Photo of Lori Elizabeth Elliott - First Health Counselling, MSW, RSW, Registered Social Worker
First Health Counselling
Registered Social Worker, MSW, RSW
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Hanover, ON N4N
First Health Counselling serves the mental health needs of First Responders, Public Safety Personnel and Health Care Professionals, and their family members, on an in-person basis, for those in Grey and Bruce counties, and on a virtual basis for those who reside in other parts of Ontario.
First Health Counselling serves the mental health needs of First Responders, Public Safety Personnel and Health Care Professionals, and their family members, on an in-person basis, for those in Grey and Bruce counties, and on a virtual basis for those who reside in other parts of Ontario.
(548) 900-9398 View (548) 900-9398
Photo of Brenda Atkin, BA, RSW, CCAC, Registered Social Worker
Brenda Atkin
Registered Social Worker, BA, RSW, CCAC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Hanover, ON N4N  (Online Only)
You have worked hard over the years to manage your anxiety and depression however it does not seem to improve significantly no matter what you try. If you have untreated ADHD this may contribute to your ongoing anxiety, depression, feelings of low self worth and difficulty in relationships. When we learn about the impact of ADHD in our lives, we are able to work with our ADHD and feel more able to manage our life as well as our mood. CBT and DBT skills that are designed for neurodivergent brains may be the key to greater control and confidence in your life.
You have worked hard over the years to manage your anxiety and depression however it does not seem to improve significantly no matter what you try. If you have untreated ADHD this may contribute to your ongoing anxiety, depression, feelings of low self worth and difficulty in relationships. When we learn about the impact of ADHD in our lives, we are able to work with our ADHD and feel more able to manage our life as well as our mood. CBT and DBT skills that are designed for neurodivergent brains may be the key to greater control and confidence in your life.
(226) 602-8700 View (226) 602-8700
Photo of Surya Leigh Mellor, MFA, MPS, Registered Psychotherapist
Surya Leigh Mellor
Registered Psychotherapist, MFA, MPS
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Hanover, ON N4N
Our wellness is based on a combination of factors. Sometimes we need extra support during uncertain times, whether that is individually or within our relationships. I am most interested in what is meaningful for you and what you want to bring to the therapeutic process to support personal growth so that you can work towards living the life you want to live.
Our wellness is based on a combination of factors. Sometimes we need extra support during uncertain times, whether that is individually or within our relationships. I am most interested in what is meaningful for you and what you want to bring to the therapeutic process to support personal growth so that you can work towards living the life you want to live.
(226) 796-0201 View (226) 796-0201

See more therapy options for Hanover

How does your Counsellor compare?

Number of Counsellors in Hanover, ON

20+

Average cost per session

$150

Counsellors in Hanover, ON who prioritize treating:

88% Anxiety
84% Depression
80% Stress
76% Self Esteem
72% Relationship Issues
72% Grief
72% Trauma and PTSD

Average years in practice

13 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

60% Green Shield Canada
60% SunLife
60% Canada Life | Great-West Life

How Counsellors in Hanover, ON see their clients

92% In Person and Online
8% Online Only

Gender breakdown

86% Female
10% Male
4% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling

How can I find a therapist in Hanover?

Search for nearby therapists or counsellors by inputting your city, postal code, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postal code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

Most Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are certified by one of the main professional associations, mainly the Canadian Counselling and Psychotherapy Association (CCPA), and will have a Certified Canadian Counsellor (CCC) designation with their name. Social Workers listed in the directory must be registered members of the college specific to their province. To be listed in the directory, Psychologists must be registered with the psychological college specific to their province or territory.

Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given the considerable variation in professional regulation and prerequisites across Canadian provinces, some providers may possess significant professional qualifications without necessarily holding professional memberships or being obliged to acquire them. As a result, they may be selectively included without the "Verified" seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?

Psychologists, counsellors, psychotherapists and social workers can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and supervised, practical experience that enable them to do so in Canada.

Psychologists have a master's and/or doctoral degree and have passed both written and oral exams. Psychologists are able to complete mental health assessments and provide diagnostic information to clients as well as provide counselling therapy or psychotherapy. Counsellors and psychotherapists are expected to have a master's or doctoral degree in counselling psychology, social work, or a related mental health discipline and certification by a professional association, such as the Canadian Counselling and Psychotherapy Association. Registered Social Workers possess a Bachelor's or Master's degree in Social Work and where possible must be licensed or certified by the provincial government and/or regulatory college.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, the cost of a therapy session in Canada could be between $100 and $200. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. Some types of outpatient mental health services are covered by Medicare, provided these are performed by a licensed mental health professional in the provinces or territory you reside in and who accepts the assignment.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postal code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Professionals licensed by regulatory colleges and those certified by associations such as the Canadian Counselling and Psychotherapy Association are obligated to uphold client confidentiality unless there is a legal reason that requires them to disclose information. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there is the potential or known harm to the client or others, or a court order, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.