Autism Therapists in Brantford, ON

Deb Hounam
Psychological Associate, DipCS, CPsych, Assoc
Verified Verified
Brantford, ON N3P
Early identification of developmental delays and autism can assist in obtaining services as early as possible.
Understanding strengths and weakness is important for success. I believe in a strength based approach and understanding how areas of strength can be applied to areas of weakness. Through the use of assessment tools a learning or strength profile can be understood more effectively and when in school shared with educators and school personnel. Effective learning strategies can assist with individuals of all ages achieve goals.
Early identification of developmental delays and autism can assist in obtaining services as early as possible.
Understanding strengths and weakness is important for success. I believe in a strength based approach and understanding how areas of strength can be applied to areas of weakness. Through the use of assessment tools a learning or strength profile can be understood more effectively and when in school shared with educators and school personnel. Effective learning strategies can assist with individuals of all ages achieve goals.
(519) 622-8327 View (519) 622-8327
Photo of River Page, MA, BA, Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying)
River Page
Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying), MA, BA
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Brantford, ON N3T
Let's cut the bullshit. Here in Canada, most of us are suffering from institutional and/or relational trauma. Reach out if you're looking to have down to earth conversations with your therapist about the real struggles of your life. Honestly, I don't have any answers for you. But I will work to help you see yourself more clearly and support you in your journey. I promise that it will be hard. But, I will be right there with you. Some populations of folks I love to work with: men who want to challenge their patriarchal socialization, gender-diverse, queer, ADHD and autism, religious trauma, and polyamorous people.
Let's cut the bullshit. Here in Canada, most of us are suffering from institutional and/or relational trauma. Reach out if you're looking to have down to earth conversations with your therapist about the real struggles of your life. Honestly, I don't have any answers for you. But I will work to help you see yourself more clearly and support you in your journey. I promise that it will be hard. But, I will be right there with you. Some populations of folks I love to work with: men who want to challenge their patriarchal socialization, gender-diverse, queer, ADHD and autism, religious trauma, and polyamorous people.
(226) 784-2307 View (226) 784-2307
Photo of Dan Vervaecke, MSW, RSW, Registered Social Worker
Dan Vervaecke
Registered Social Worker, MSW, RSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Brantford, ON N3T
ADHD, Autism, etc.
I want to meet you where you are at. We all need a little help sometimes. I work hard to create a collaborative and empowering environment to adapt to whatever needs you have. I strive to offer an open minded and comfortable space for those who are neurodivergent, neurotypical and people across the gender spectrum. I am here to listen and provide a safe space to talk about any struggles you have. I offer individual and couples sessions . I am accepting new clients and would love to talk to you about what you need.
ADHD, Autism, etc.
I want to meet you where you are at. We all need a little help sometimes. I work hard to create a collaborative and empowering environment to adapt to whatever needs you have. I strive to offer an open minded and comfortable space for those who are neurodivergent, neurotypical and people across the gender spectrum. I am here to listen and provide a safe space to talk about any struggles you have. I offer individual and couples sessions . I am accepting new clients and would love to talk to you about what you need.
(226) 320-7432 View (226) 320-7432
Photo of Esra Magsoud, MSW, RSW, Registered Social Worker
Esra Magsoud
Registered Social Worker, MSW, RSW
Verified Verified
Brantford, ON N3R
NEW patients welcome. Have you been feeling overwhelmed & stressed? Experiencing difficulty in your relationships, school or work? Are you struggling with your emotions? Are you a parent with a child experiencing behavioural issues? Are you or your child struggling with thoughts of depression, self-harm & suicide? Are you experiencing anxiety & work/school related issues? Do you have low self esteem? You have come to the right place! I would be honoured to support you. Whether it be helping to process events, providing support or learning different coping skills through evidence-based interventions, I can help!
NEW patients welcome. Have you been feeling overwhelmed & stressed? Experiencing difficulty in your relationships, school or work? Are you struggling with your emotions? Are you a parent with a child experiencing behavioural issues? Are you or your child struggling with thoughts of depression, self-harm & suicide? Are you experiencing anxiety & work/school related issues? Do you have low self esteem? You have come to the right place! I would be honoured to support you. Whether it be helping to process events, providing support or learning different coping skills through evidence-based interventions, I can help!
(226) 917-2740 View (226) 917-2740
Photo of Susan deJonge, MEd, OCT, Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying)
Susan deJonge
Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying), MEd, OCT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Brantford, ON N3R
Are you exhausted from carrying the mental load of life, relationships, family, and work? Do you need a place to process the healing of old or new wounds? Navigating life's challenges and problems in uncertain times can feel lonely and overwhelming. To live is to experience human struggle within ourselves and with others. Although we cannot choose our struggles, every human being has the agency and freedom to build a pathway forward. Let's collaborate to work through some of the challenges, pain and suffering that you have been carrying for a long time.
Are you exhausted from carrying the mental load of life, relationships, family, and work? Do you need a place to process the healing of old or new wounds? Navigating life's challenges and problems in uncertain times can feel lonely and overwhelming. To live is to experience human struggle within ourselves and with others. Although we cannot choose our struggles, every human being has the agency and freedom to build a pathway forward. Let's collaborate to work through some of the challenges, pain and suffering that you have been carrying for a long time.
(365) 544-4050 View (365) 544-4050
Photo of Amy Dougley - Brant Mental Health Solutions, Registered Psychotherapist
Brant Mental Health Solutions
Registered Psychotherapist
Verified Verified
Brantford, ON N3R
Brant Mental Health Solutions is a private counselling and psychology centre in Paris, Ontario. Our team of 18 mental health professionals are able to work with; children, teens, adults, couples and families. We offer virtual and in person counselling options and equine therapy at two beautiful farms in Brantford. Our team is made up of Registered Social Workers, Registered Psychotherapists, Psychologists and other mental health professionals.
Brant Mental Health Solutions is a private counselling and psychology centre in Paris, Ontario. Our team of 18 mental health professionals are able to work with; children, teens, adults, couples and families. We offer virtual and in person counselling options and equine therapy at two beautiful farms in Brantford. Our team is made up of Registered Social Workers, Registered Psychotherapists, Psychologists and other mental health professionals.
(548) 481-5148 View (548) 481-5148
Photo of Julianna Servello, MSW, RSW, Registered Social Worker
Julianna Servello
Registered Social Worker, MSW, RSW
Verified Verified
Brantford, ON N3T  (Online Only)
I exclusively offer online sessions through a dedicated team at Strength Counselling Services. Over the years, I’ve gained a strong understanding of what makes therapy effective, especially when it comes to the social and psychological aspects that can impact peoples lives. My work as a full-time Hospital Social Worker has given me hands-on experience, particularly in mental health care across different settings like geriatric rehabilitation, emergency medicine, and psychiatric care. My background in psychotherapy has sharpened my skills in both group and individual therapy, especially when it comes to helping kids and teens.
I exclusively offer online sessions through a dedicated team at Strength Counselling Services. Over the years, I’ve gained a strong understanding of what makes therapy effective, especially when it comes to the social and psychological aspects that can impact peoples lives. My work as a full-time Hospital Social Worker has given me hands-on experience, particularly in mental health care across different settings like geriatric rehabilitation, emergency medicine, and psychiatric care. My background in psychotherapy has sharpened my skills in both group and individual therapy, especially when it comes to helping kids and teens.
(867) 675-3140 View (867) 675-3140
Photo of Michelle Sala - Dr. Michelle Sala & Associates, PhD, C, Psych, Psychologist
Dr. Michelle Sala & Associates
Psychologist, PhD, C, Psych
Verified Verified
Brantford, ON N3T
Dr. Sala and Associates is a psychological practice offering services to children, adolescents and adults in English and French. We provide psychological assessments, psychotherapy and consultations to our clients. Our associates are fully bilingual and therefore, able to offer services in the client's preferred language. Through Assessment, we help to establish our clients' needs and set goals for effective treatment outcomes. Diagnostic psychological assessments can also help to determine whether a person is suffering from a specific disorder and the subsequent recommendations that will help that person function better in their school/work settings.
Dr. Sala and Associates is a psychological practice offering services to children, adolescents and adults in English and French. We provide psychological assessments, psychotherapy and consultations to our clients. Our associates are fully bilingual and therefore, able to offer services in the client's preferred language. Through Assessment, we help to establish our clients' needs and set goals for effective treatment outcomes. Diagnostic psychological assessments can also help to determine whether a person is suffering from a specific disorder and the subsequent recommendations that will help that person function better in their school/work settings.
(855) 809-7143 View (855) 809-7143
Photo of Street Therapy, MPsy, RP, (CRPO), CCC, Registered Psychotherapist
Street Therapy
Registered Psychotherapist, MPsy, RP, (CRPO), CCC
Verified Verified
6 Endorsed
Brantford, ON N3T
Operating for 16+ years, Street Therapy is a group practice, providing mental health services for clients across the lifespan. Our practitioners come from diverse academic, religious, spiritual, and cultural backgrounds, practicing within the neurodiversity and anti-oppressive frameworks. We strive to provide a safe space for clinicians and clients alike to explore and engage in collaborative, and respectful, psychotherapeutic relationships. Bernadette Street, clinical supervisor and director of Street Therapy, has over 15 years of experience working with children, youth and adults. Her expertise informs the work of our team.
Operating for 16+ years, Street Therapy is a group practice, providing mental health services for clients across the lifespan. Our practitioners come from diverse academic, religious, spiritual, and cultural backgrounds, practicing within the neurodiversity and anti-oppressive frameworks. We strive to provide a safe space for clinicians and clients alike to explore and engage in collaborative, and respectful, psychotherapeutic relationships. Bernadette Street, clinical supervisor and director of Street Therapy, has over 15 years of experience working with children, youth and adults. Her expertise informs the work of our team.
(647) 496-5504 View (647) 496-5504
Photo of Aggie Trzeciak, MA, RP(Q), Registered Psychotherapist
Aggie Trzeciak
Registered Psychotherapist, MA, RP(Q)
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Brantford, ON N3R  (Online Only)
Do you struggle with anxiety, depression, grief, challenging relationships, loss of a sense of self or past trauma that affects your day-to-day life, relationships, ability to function, or your work? Maybe you feel exhausted, overwhelmed, frustrated, lost, living up to someone else’s standards, just getting through the day, or having the thought that there’s no light at the end of the tunnel. Do you wish that these aspects could be better but don’t know where to start? Now more than ever, people are feeling anxious, overwhelmed and disconnected about their struggles.
Do you struggle with anxiety, depression, grief, challenging relationships, loss of a sense of self or past trauma that affects your day-to-day life, relationships, ability to function, or your work? Maybe you feel exhausted, overwhelmed, frustrated, lost, living up to someone else’s standards, just getting through the day, or having the thought that there’s no light at the end of the tunnel. Do you wish that these aspects could be better but don’t know where to start? Now more than ever, people are feeling anxious, overwhelmed and disconnected about their struggles.
(289) 212-7479 View (289) 212-7479
Photo of Charlene Mercer - Cobblestone Counselling Group, Registered Social Worker
Cobblestone Counselling Group
Registered Social Worker
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Brantford, ON N3P
We offer private In-person, phone and video Counselling and Psychotherapy services in Paris, Ontario. Are you struggling to understand and cope with challenges in your personal or professional life? Cobblestone Counselling and Psychotherapy group offers children, individuals, families and couples counselling. Like all services at Cobblestone, Counselling services are focused on treating people holistically. We see the person as a whole and employ a person centred, collaborative and integrative approach to counselling and therapy. Finding a therapist uniquely fitting to your needs is significant to us at Cobblestone.
We offer private In-person, phone and video Counselling and Psychotherapy services in Paris, Ontario. Are you struggling to understand and cope with challenges in your personal or professional life? Cobblestone Counselling and Psychotherapy group offers children, individuals, families and couples counselling. Like all services at Cobblestone, Counselling services are focused on treating people holistically. We see the person as a whole and employ a person centred, collaborative and integrative approach to counselling and therapy. Finding a therapist uniquely fitting to your needs is significant to us at Cobblestone.
(519) 442-2237 View (519) 442-2237
Photo of Megan Day - Individual Couple And Family Therapy, MS, MSc, RP, Registered Psychotherapist
Megan Day - Individual Couple And Family Therapy
Registered Psychotherapist, MS, MSc, RP
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Brantford, ON N3R
Are you trying to get clear on who you are and what you want for yourself? I am interested in helping you change the story of yourself and seeing what else is possible for you. My approach is gentle and non-confrontational. I listen for what has not yet been said and I ask thought-provoking questions that help you explore your feelings, perceptions and your inner knowledge. We will look at patterns and strategies that may not be serving you any longer. I am interested in helping you process big changes that you've gone through. My hope is for you to feel relief and to feel more connected to yourself and your loved ones.
Are you trying to get clear on who you are and what you want for yourself? I am interested in helping you change the story of yourself and seeing what else is possible for you. My approach is gentle and non-confrontational. I listen for what has not yet been said and I ask thought-provoking questions that help you explore your feelings, perceptions and your inner knowledge. We will look at patterns and strategies that may not be serving you any longer. I am interested in helping you process big changes that you've gone through. My hope is for you to feel relief and to feel more connected to yourself and your loved ones.
(226) 779-5924 View (226) 779-5924
Photo of Jo-Ann L. Babb, MSW, RSW, Registered Social Worker
Jo-Ann L. Babb
Registered Social Worker, MSW, RSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Brantford, ON N3T
It can be difficult to live in the world with a sense of peace in yourself. Many have suffered adverse life experiences that get in the way of connecting to the world and the full life we are seeking. We all feel stuck sometimes, doubt ourselves, and worry things will never get better. I have 18 years experience working with clients struggling with a variety of issues, including anxiety, depression, sexual abuse, childhood neglect and abandonment, addictions, ADHD and people in recovery from psychosis. I also have experience working with the Indigenous population, youth and seniors. I offer a strength and evidence-based approach.
It can be difficult to live in the world with a sense of peace in yourself. Many have suffered adverse life experiences that get in the way of connecting to the world and the full life we are seeking. We all feel stuck sometimes, doubt ourselves, and worry things will never get better. I have 18 years experience working with clients struggling with a variety of issues, including anxiety, depression, sexual abuse, childhood neglect and abandonment, addictions, ADHD and people in recovery from psychosis. I also have experience working with the Indigenous population, youth and seniors. I offer a strength and evidence-based approach.
(548) 490-1856 View (548) 490-1856
Photo of Erin Sunstrum - Daru Therapy Centre, RP, MACP, MEd, Registered Psychotherapist
Erin Sunstrum - Daru Therapy Centre
Registered Psychotherapist, RP, MACP, MEd
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Brantford, ON N3P
Specializing in Teens (14+), Young Adult Therapy and family therapy. I am committed to helping clients build resilience and create a value-driven life. I believe in nurturing self-compassion and developing skills to engage with and overcome struggles. This happens through validation, exploration, and challenge. This all starts with building a trusting, open relationship with my clients. With a client-centred approach, I am dedicated to staying up-to-date on current research through reading, consulting with colleagues, and learning from leaders in the field.
Specializing in Teens (14+), Young Adult Therapy and family therapy. I am committed to helping clients build resilience and create a value-driven life. I believe in nurturing self-compassion and developing skills to engage with and overcome struggles. This happens through validation, exploration, and challenge. This all starts with building a trusting, open relationship with my clients. With a client-centred approach, I am dedicated to staying up-to-date on current research through reading, consulting with colleagues, and learning from leaders in the field.
(289) 212-8226 View (289) 212-8226
Photo of Virginia Nusca, PhD, Psychologist
Virginia Nusca
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Brantford, ON N3R
I provide comprehensive psychological or psycho-educational assessments for children, adolescents, and adults. Assessments explore a variety of factors important to your success (or the success of your child) at school, at work, in relationships, and in coping with the demands of everyday life. Where appropriate, I will make a diagnosis of a neurodevelopmental or mental health condition that can help you or your child access needed educational, medical, mental health, and/or community supports and services. A comprehensive report will include any relevant diagnoses as well as recommended strategies and resources.
I provide comprehensive psychological or psycho-educational assessments for children, adolescents, and adults. Assessments explore a variety of factors important to your success (or the success of your child) at school, at work, in relationships, and in coping with the demands of everyday life. Where appropriate, I will make a diagnosis of a neurodevelopmental or mental health condition that can help you or your child access needed educational, medical, mental health, and/or community supports and services. A comprehensive report will include any relevant diagnoses as well as recommended strategies and resources.
(289) 210-5048 View (289) 210-5048
Photo of Maggie Pettit, MACP, Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying)
Maggie Pettit
Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying), MACP
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Brantford, ON N3R
I am a highly empathetic therapist whose main focus is the development of a therapeutic relationship with my clients. I understand how difficult starting therapy can be, I encourage my clients to set the pace and proceed at whatever speed they are comfortable with. Are you struggling with ruminating thoughts when trying to sleep? Do you struggle to find joy or satisfaction from your many accomplishments? Do you set unreasonably high expectations for yourself? Do you suffer from perfectionism, anger and burnout? Those same perfectionistic tendencies that drive you forward may actually be holding you back.
I am a highly empathetic therapist whose main focus is the development of a therapeutic relationship with my clients. I understand how difficult starting therapy can be, I encourage my clients to set the pace and proceed at whatever speed they are comfortable with. Are you struggling with ruminating thoughts when trying to sleep? Do you struggle to find joy or satisfaction from your many accomplishments? Do you set unreasonably high expectations for yourself? Do you suffer from perfectionism, anger and burnout? Those same perfectionistic tendencies that drive you forward may actually be holding you back.
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Photo of Jen Doyle - Lotus Counselling Services, Jen Doyle , BSW, MSW, RSW, Registered Social Worker
Lotus Counselling Services, Jen Doyle
Registered Social Worker, BSW, MSW, RSW
Verified Verified
Brantford, ON N3P
With over 15 years of experience in mental health, Jen has developed the ability to support her clients through transitions and challenges that often lead to stress and overwhelm. Jen is an outgoing and positive person with a natural empathy towards her therapy clients. Her personality and experience intersect to create a therapeutic space that cultivates safety, understanding and a foundation for change. Jen will support you to reconnect with the inner strength to overcome life’s challenges while cultivating wellness, purpose, and joy.
With over 15 years of experience in mental health, Jen has developed the ability to support her clients through transitions and challenges that often lead to stress and overwhelm. Jen is an outgoing and positive person with a natural empathy towards her therapy clients. Her personality and experience intersect to create a therapeutic space that cultivates safety, understanding and a foundation for change. Jen will support you to reconnect with the inner strength to overcome life’s challenges while cultivating wellness, purpose, and joy.
(548) 490-0363 View (548) 490-0363
Photo of Nadia Henriksen - Nadia Henriksen - Open Door Therapist, RP, MA, MSc, Registered Psychotherapist
Nadia Henriksen - Open Door Therapist
Registered Psychotherapist, RP, MA, MSc
Verified Verified
Brantford, ON N3T  (Online Only)
Are you feeling stuck or overwhelmed? Maybe you feel anxious, stressed and tired of feeling this way but not sure how to move forward. We all carry pain and go through difficult experiences, however, your journey doesn’t have to be lonely and isolating. We are here, ready to be your guide, understand your story, and support you towards healing. We use evidence-based approaches such as CBT, EMDR, IFS, DBT, EFT, and somatic interventions to help you reduce your symptoms, feel more empowered, calm, and confident in your life. We love working with adults, adolescents, children, and couples and offer online and telephone therapy.
Are you feeling stuck or overwhelmed? Maybe you feel anxious, stressed and tired of feeling this way but not sure how to move forward. We all carry pain and go through difficult experiences, however, your journey doesn’t have to be lonely and isolating. We are here, ready to be your guide, understand your story, and support you towards healing. We use evidence-based approaches such as CBT, EMDR, IFS, DBT, EFT, and somatic interventions to help you reduce your symptoms, feel more empowered, calm, and confident in your life. We love working with adults, adolescents, children, and couples and offer online and telephone therapy.
(289) 278-7258 View (289) 278-7258
Photo of Jen Doyle, BSW, MSW, RSW, DSW, Registered Social Worker
Jen Doyle
Registered Social Worker, BSW, MSW, RSW, DSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Brantford, ON N3P
Mood regulation, stress, anxiety, depression, trauma, relationships, grief, life transitions are all things that weigh on us. As a private clinician, I make it my goal to help my clients find their inner strength to overcome those challenges that life throws at them and offer them hope in living their life the way they see fit. Adopting approaches such as CBT, DBT, ACT, IFS and the Gottman Method I hope to assist clients in breaking down barriers and delve into the challenges that are preventing them from moving forward.
Mood regulation, stress, anxiety, depression, trauma, relationships, grief, life transitions are all things that weigh on us. As a private clinician, I make it my goal to help my clients find their inner strength to overcome those challenges that life throws at them and offer them hope in living their life the way they see fit. Adopting approaches such as CBT, DBT, ACT, IFS and the Gottman Method I hope to assist clients in breaking down barriers and delve into the challenges that are preventing them from moving forward.
(226) 786-0434 View (226) 786-0434
Photo of Stacey Sandrin, RP (Q), Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying)
Stacey Sandrin
Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying), RP (Q)
Verified Verified
Brantford, ON N3T  (Online Only)
Are you going through a hard time with anxiety, depression, or trauma? Do you feel stuck or misunderstood in your relationship? Does it feel like you are triggered by little things that don’t make sense? Struggling through your day does not have to be your reality anymore. I can help you break free from feeling trapped and start living your life with ease, calm, and joy. Change is possible and I am committed to supporting you each and every step of the way. I help individuals and couples move past stuck patterns and start implementing positive change in their lives now. Start feeling better and looking forward to each day.
Are you going through a hard time with anxiety, depression, or trauma? Do you feel stuck or misunderstood in your relationship? Does it feel like you are triggered by little things that don’t make sense? Struggling through your day does not have to be your reality anymore. I can help you break free from feeling trapped and start living your life with ease, calm, and joy. Change is possible and I am committed to supporting you each and every step of the way. I help individuals and couples move past stuck patterns and start implementing positive change in their lives now. Start feeling better and looking forward to each day.
(289) 207-6759 View (289) 207-6759
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Autism Counsellors

What is the most effective treatment for autism?

Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) has come to be considered the standard treatment for children with autism spectrum disorder, and research has confirmed its effectiveness for many children. Therapists trained in ABA techniques work with children (and their parents) on developing social skills, communication and learning abilities, and everyday habits of hygiene and grooming. The clinician will tailor their program to the child’s particular need but the overarching goal will be to help them advance as far as possible toward independence based on their level of symptoms and decrease the need for additional special services. Families should seek a mental health professional specifically trained in ABA, and holding special certification in the technique, who has extensive experience not only with the approach but in using it with children with the same level of symptoms as the child who needs care.

How does ABA work?

Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) sessions, which typically focus on positive reinforcement, can be intensive, lasting two or more hours several times a week, and continuing for two years or more. Therapists can also be expected to ask parents to take an active role in reinforcing lessons. Research has found that the technique can lead to major improvements that decrease the need for additional special services.

How does treatment for autism work?

Therapy sessions based on Applied Behavior Analysis will likely be frequent, intensive, and highly structured. After a thorough assessment, a therapist will help a child understand and develop skills in a range of areas, including communication, motor skills, social skills, self-care, play, and academic skills, as well as routines of daily living like hygiene. Typically, the therapist will help a child break down the components of a behavior—often referred to as the antecedent (what prompts an action), the behavior, and the consequence(what immediately follows)—and then reward the child at every step, while also asking parents to reinforce the lessons, and the rewards, throughout the day. This core therapy may be supplemented by occupational or speech therapy, and antidepressants, antipsychotics, and anticonvulsants may be prescribed to address specific severe symptoms.

How long does therapy for autism take?

Some people with autism spectrum disorder may be engaged in some level of therapy for many years, but research shows that treatment will be most effective if it is begun early and delivered intensively. When therapy begins by age 3, children tend to be better able to grasp and adopt the skills needed to manage everyday life, including attending school and establishing social relationships. This type of early-intervention treatment regimen is highly structured, typically involving 20 to 40 hours of one-on-one therapy per week, along with additional hours of engagement managed by parents, for a period of two years or more, although the duration of treatment is dependent on the child’s level of symptoms and pace of progress.