Therapists in Toronto, ON

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Photo of Jennifer Salter, MSW, RSW, ACE-MES, ACE-HC, ACE-PT, Registered Social Worker
Jennifer Salter
Registered Social Worker, MSW, RSW, ACE-MES, ACE-HC, ACE-PT
Verified Verified
Toronto, ON M5S  (Online Only)
I am passionate about parenting, and how we raise children to be resilient, independent, kind, compassionate, and responsible young adults. I help parents of typical children and those with special needs, by providing evidence-based tools and strategies. I assist with mental health issues that emerge for parents, including issues arising from one's own childhood. I teach you how to communicate, manage conflict, parent as a team, advocate for your children at school, and calmly address parenting issues that trigger anger and frustration. I help you support your children in a loving manner while maintaining boundaries and limits.
I am passionate about parenting, and how we raise children to be resilient, independent, kind, compassionate, and responsible young adults. I help parents of typical children and those with special needs, by providing evidence-based tools and strategies. I assist with mental health issues that emerge for parents, including issues arising from one's own childhood. I teach you how to communicate, manage conflict, parent as a team, advocate for your children at school, and calmly address parenting issues that trigger anger and frustration. I help you support your children in a loving manner while maintaining boundaries and limits.
(647) 371-1631 View (647) 371-1631
Photo of undefined - TM Addiction & Recovery Services, CCAC, MATS, CACII, Drug & Alcohol Counsellor
TM Addiction & Recovery Services
Drug & Alcohol Counsellor, CCAC, MATS, CACII
Verified Verified
Toronto, ON M9A
Are you or a loved one struggling with substance use/abuse/dependence? Feeling stuck/trapped/hopeless? I can relate. With more than 20 years lived experience on the path of personal recovery, for over a decade I have been assisting individuals change the trajectory of their lives.
Are you or a loved one struggling with substance use/abuse/dependence? Feeling stuck/trapped/hopeless? I can relate. With more than 20 years lived experience on the path of personal recovery, for over a decade I have been assisting individuals change the trajectory of their lives.
(289) 275-4762 View (289) 275-4762
Photo of Regine Senior-Dunkly, MEd, CCPA, Registered Psychotherapist
Regine Senior-Dunkly
Registered Psychotherapist, MEd, CCPA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Toronto, ON M6C
I am passionate about encouraging clients to not only survive, but to thrive in their everyday lives by healing from past traumas and learning new ways to cope with various life challenges. I believe that everyone has the potential to be their best selves with the help of genuine and non-judgemental support. I have worked with both youth and adults presenting with a variety of issues such as low self-esteem, body image issues, depression, anxiety, and grief. I am also trained in suicide prevention (ASIST).
I am passionate about encouraging clients to not only survive, but to thrive in their everyday lives by healing from past traumas and learning new ways to cope with various life challenges. I believe that everyone has the potential to be their best selves with the help of genuine and non-judgemental support. I have worked with both youth and adults presenting with a variety of issues such as low self-esteem, body image issues, depression, anxiety, and grief. I am also trained in suicide prevention (ASIST).
(647) 952-2554 View (647) 952-2554
Photo of Kaitlin Winslow, MA, RP, CCC, Registered Psychotherapist
Kaitlin Winslow
Registered Psychotherapist, MA, RP, CCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Toronto, ON M6G
Not accepting new clients
Hi there. I'm so happy you are reaching out for support. As humans, we are all shaped and transformed by the relationships and experiences we've had. When we feel overwhelmed, numb, off balance or tangled up, a kind and patient relationship in therapy can help us find steady footing and clarity again, giving us the resilience to feel trust within, adapt and thrive. Whether you are a youth or adult looking to strengthen relationships, build confidence, explore ways to communicate or unravel anxiety, grief, depression, or trauma, I am here as your guide.
Hi there. I'm so happy you are reaching out for support. As humans, we are all shaped and transformed by the relationships and experiences we've had. When we feel overwhelmed, numb, off balance or tangled up, a kind and patient relationship in therapy can help us find steady footing and clarity again, giving us the resilience to feel trust within, adapt and thrive. Whether you are a youth or adult looking to strengthen relationships, build confidence, explore ways to communicate or unravel anxiety, grief, depression, or trauma, I am here as your guide.
(647) 792-7271 View (647) 792-7271
Photo of Karen Wreford, BA  , CTP Dip, RP, Registered Psychotherapist
Karen Wreford
Registered Psychotherapist, BA , CTP Dip, RP
Verified Verified
Toronto, ON M5N
People come to therapy for many different reasons: anxiety, depression, relational difficulties, grief. But at the heart of the decision to seek therapy is often a deep desire for change. And while it isn’t easy, real change is possible through guided discussion with a therapist who can offer compassion, insight and a new perspective. Therapy can help you find a greater sense of personal freedom, can inspire hidden creativity, help you discover renewed energy, improved self-expression and better coping skills. If you want things to be different in your life, therapy can help.
People come to therapy for many different reasons: anxiety, depression, relational difficulties, grief. But at the heart of the decision to seek therapy is often a deep desire for change. And while it isn’t easy, real change is possible through guided discussion with a therapist who can offer compassion, insight and a new perspective. Therapy can help you find a greater sense of personal freedom, can inspire hidden creativity, help you discover renewed energy, improved self-expression and better coping skills. If you want things to be different in your life, therapy can help.
(647) 250-9758 View (647) 250-9758
Photo of Kama Lee Jackson, BaJ, BHSc, RP, Registered Psychotherapist
Kama Lee Jackson
Registered Psychotherapist, BaJ, BHSc, RP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Toronto, ON M4E  (Online Only)
I'll help untangle the messy feelings and thoughts that might be weighing you down, getting in the way, and holding you back from being your best you. Together we'll identify what you want and how to get you there. I know the wild ride of going through changes and transitions in life, from becoming a parent, getting divorced, and changing career paths. I understand the messiness of expectations, disappointments, joys, and hopes that come with making your way through your days, experiences, and relationships.
I'll help untangle the messy feelings and thoughts that might be weighing you down, getting in the way, and holding you back from being your best you. Together we'll identify what you want and how to get you there. I know the wild ride of going through changes and transitions in life, from becoming a parent, getting divorced, and changing career paths. I understand the messiness of expectations, disappointments, joys, and hopes that come with making your way through your days, experiences, and relationships.
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Photo of Juliette Guzzo, BA, M Psy, RP, Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying)
Juliette Guzzo
Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying), BA, M Psy, RP
Verified Verified
Toronto, ON M5R
How do you find hope? You've shown incredible strength and dedication in reaching the point where you are today. You're open to growth and constantly seek to learn, striving to become the best version of yourself. Yet, despite all these qualities, you're grappling with feelings of being overwhelmed, lonely, and sad. The weight of past wounds and the fear of confronting them adds to your challenges. I want you to know, you're not alone, and I'm here to help you find your path forward.
How do you find hope? You've shown incredible strength and dedication in reaching the point where you are today. You're open to growth and constantly seek to learn, striving to become the best version of yourself. Yet, despite all these qualities, you're grappling with feelings of being overwhelmed, lonely, and sad. The weight of past wounds and the fear of confronting them adds to your challenges. I want you to know, you're not alone, and I'm here to help you find your path forward.
(437) 747-5268 View (437) 747-5268
Photo of Norette Rene-Gougeon, MSW, RSW, Registered Social Worker
Norette Rene-Gougeon
Registered Social Worker, MSW, RSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Toronto, ON M6H  (Online Only)
Are you feeling stuck in patterns of behaviour, or ways of thinking about yourself and your relationships with others that leaves you feeling self critical, emotionally overwhelmed or feeling trapped in a negative cycle? Reaching out for support is the first step to exploring and making sense of the struggles that you are experiencing. My role as a therapist is to be your guide in exploring the origin of these struggles and to provide support in understanding yourself and your emotions with greater compassion, so that you can make positive changes for your future.
Are you feeling stuck in patterns of behaviour, or ways of thinking about yourself and your relationships with others that leaves you feeling self critical, emotionally overwhelmed or feeling trapped in a negative cycle? Reaching out for support is the first step to exploring and making sense of the struggles that you are experiencing. My role as a therapist is to be your guide in exploring the origin of these struggles and to provide support in understanding yourself and your emotions with greater compassion, so that you can make positive changes for your future.
(437) 747-5123 View (437) 747-5123
Photo of Blake Anderson, MSW, BSW, BA, Registered Social Worker
Blake Anderson
Registered Social Worker, MSW, BSW, BA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Toronto, ON M4E
I specialize in supporting individuals coping with narcissistic abuse, emotional underdevelopment & dysfunctional family dynamics, enhancing relationships using the evidence-based Gottman Method, and guiding individuals towards a more optimal and efficient lifestyle. Design the life you want by addressing your limited beliefs, trauma, and develop a new and empowered you.
I specialize in supporting individuals coping with narcissistic abuse, emotional underdevelopment & dysfunctional family dynamics, enhancing relationships using the evidence-based Gottman Method, and guiding individuals towards a more optimal and efficient lifestyle. Design the life you want by addressing your limited beliefs, trauma, and develop a new and empowered you.
(289) 907-0184 View (289) 907-0184
Photo of Genna Kalish, MA, BSc, Registered Psychotherapist
Genna Kalish
Registered Psychotherapist, MA, BSc
Verified Verified
16 Endorsed
Toronto, ON M5V  (Online Only)
Seeking and braving therapy can be daunting and overwhelming. You might feel depressed, hopeless, anxious, or unmotivated to start. I want you to know that you are not alone. With an empathetic approach, I will work with you to ensure you leave each session feeling validated, accepted, and respectfully challenged when you need another perspective.
Seeking and braving therapy can be daunting and overwhelming. You might feel depressed, hopeless, anxious, or unmotivated to start. I want you to know that you are not alone. With an empathetic approach, I will work with you to ensure you leave each session feeling validated, accepted, and respectfully challenged when you need another perspective.
(437) 747-5189 View (437) 747-5189
Photo of Anu Goodman, MEd , RP, Registered Psychotherapist
Anu Goodman
Registered Psychotherapist, MEd , RP
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Toronto, ON M5R
Are you feeling confused and unhappy, or uncertain about your career? Struggling to navigate work-related challenges, or figuring out next steps in your life? The career decision process can often be a time of paralyzing uncertainty, coupled with fear, anxiety and overwhelm.
Are you feeling confused and unhappy, or uncertain about your career? Struggling to navigate work-related challenges, or figuring out next steps in your life? The career decision process can often be a time of paralyzing uncertainty, coupled with fear, anxiety and overwhelm.
(647) 692-1920 View (647) 692-1920
Photo of undefined - HLR Psychotherapy, Mood, Trauma and Relationships, MD, RP, Registered Psychotherapist
HLR Psychotherapy, Mood, Trauma and Relationships
Registered Psychotherapist, MD, RP
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Toronto, ON M4P
All the world is full of suffering. It is also full of overcoming (Helen Keller). I am a psychoanalyst and offer treatment for anxiety, depression, stress, loss, grief, low self-esteem/confidence and shyness. I specialize in issues arising from adult and childhood trauma, relationships with family or colleagues, life transitions of any form and gender identity. I believe it is equally important to work on our inner and outer selves and to include our past and present in order to develop a grounded and balanced sense of being. I provide a safe environment in-person or virtually where you can explore and develop your thoughts further.
All the world is full of suffering. It is also full of overcoming (Helen Keller). I am a psychoanalyst and offer treatment for anxiety, depression, stress, loss, grief, low self-esteem/confidence and shyness. I specialize in issues arising from adult and childhood trauma, relationships with family or colleagues, life transitions of any form and gender identity. I believe it is equally important to work on our inner and outer selves and to include our past and present in order to develop a grounded and balanced sense of being. I provide a safe environment in-person or virtually where you can explore and develop your thoughts further.
(647) 560-8423 View (647) 560-8423
Photo of Naiara Perin Darim, MPsy, RP, Registered Psychotherapist
Naiara Perin Darim
Registered Psychotherapist, MPsy, RP
Verified Verified
Toronto, ON M4T
My clients tend to be individuals with multiple concerns or goals for their treatment, usually, those goals involve interpersonal effectiveness (effectual communication), emotion regulation and self-compassion. There may be self-harmful patterns and family or relationship conflicts to be addressed.
My clients tend to be individuals with multiple concerns or goals for their treatment, usually, those goals involve interpersonal effectiveness (effectual communication), emotion regulation and self-compassion. There may be self-harmful patterns and family or relationship conflicts to be addressed.
(437) 747-7604 View (437) 747-7604
Photo of Joel Mayer, MDiv, BA, CCATP, Registered Psychotherapist
Joel Mayer
Registered Psychotherapist, MDiv, BA, CCATP
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Toronto, ON M6A
Specializing in anxiety and OCD symptoms! Do you feel stuck in your anxiety? Are intrusive thoughts or memories disturbing you? Maybe you've tried many ways to cope but you haven't found anything that feels very effective in the long-term. Perhaps your anxiety is also affecting your ability to be present and to function in the ways that you would like to in your relationships, school or work life. If this is the case, do these issues then lead you to experiencing feelings of shame, wondering if there is something wrong with you, or questioning if things will ever get better?
Specializing in anxiety and OCD symptoms! Do you feel stuck in your anxiety? Are intrusive thoughts or memories disturbing you? Maybe you've tried many ways to cope but you haven't found anything that feels very effective in the long-term. Perhaps your anxiety is also affecting your ability to be present and to function in the ways that you would like to in your relationships, school or work life. If this is the case, do these issues then lead you to experiencing feelings of shame, wondering if there is something wrong with you, or questioning if things will ever get better?
(647) 363-6791 View (647) 363-6791
Photo of Heather White, MA, RP, DipTIRP, Registered Psychotherapist
Heather White
Registered Psychotherapist, MA, RP, DipTIRP
Verified Verified
Toronto, ON M6R  (Online Only)
The clients I treat come to therapy for a variety of reasons: for support during a challenging time; to process the near or distant past; to find out who they are and what they want; in search of new ways to relate to others and themselves. Some come with specific patterns or issues to address, and some are following a general intuition that therapy could help. I welcome inquiries from individuals as well as from pairs (romantic or otherwise). I work well with a range of folks, including those feeling intense shame, those who are suffering but fear their problems don’t count, and/or those reckoning with various kinds of privilege.
The clients I treat come to therapy for a variety of reasons: for support during a challenging time; to process the near or distant past; to find out who they are and what they want; in search of new ways to relate to others and themselves. Some come with specific patterns or issues to address, and some are following a general intuition that therapy could help. I welcome inquiries from individuals as well as from pairs (romantic or otherwise). I work well with a range of folks, including those feeling intense shame, those who are suffering but fear their problems don’t count, and/or those reckoning with various kinds of privilege.
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Photo of Craig Maxfield, RP, Registered Psychotherapist
Craig Maxfield
Registered Psychotherapist, RP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Toronto, ON M6R  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
***PRACTICE CURRENTLY AT FULL CAPACITY. NOT ACCEPTING NEW CLIENTS AT THIS TIME. I am truly grateful for the opportunity to work with my current clients, and I am committed to providing them with the best possible support, as a result I am currently unable to accept new clients. If circumstances change, and I am able to accept new clients in the future, I will update this message accordingly. My practice focuses primarily on working with men who are ready to make a change.
***PRACTICE CURRENTLY AT FULL CAPACITY. NOT ACCEPTING NEW CLIENTS AT THIS TIME. I am truly grateful for the opportunity to work with my current clients, and I am committed to providing them with the best possible support, as a result I am currently unable to accept new clients. If circumstances change, and I am able to accept new clients in the future, I will update this message accordingly. My practice focuses primarily on working with men who are ready to make a change.
(647) 957-9564 View (647) 957-9564
Photo of undefined - Risework Therapy, MSW, RSW, RP, Registered Social Worker
Risework Therapy
Registered Social Worker, MSW, RSW, RP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Toronto, ON M5R  (Online Only)
Personable, experienced therapists integrating evidence-based methods with a conversational approach with an emphasis on the therapeutic relationship. We provide clients with a non-judgmental, safe space that facilitates openness and encourages self-exploration. At Risework Therapy we specialize in anxiety, self-worth, relationship issues, and trauma. We also have therapists who specialize in trauma, attachment, OCD and eating disorders. Our team of therapists pride themselves in being approachable, personable and genuine. We want you to feel like you can be your authentic self as you allow us to support you in life's challenges.
Personable, experienced therapists integrating evidence-based methods with a conversational approach with an emphasis on the therapeutic relationship. We provide clients with a non-judgmental, safe space that facilitates openness and encourages self-exploration. At Risework Therapy we specialize in anxiety, self-worth, relationship issues, and trauma. We also have therapists who specialize in trauma, attachment, OCD and eating disorders. Our team of therapists pride themselves in being approachable, personable and genuine. We want you to feel like you can be your authentic self as you allow us to support you in life's challenges.
(437) 291-8045 View (437) 291-8045
Photo of undefined - Leena, BSc, MSW, RSW, Registered Social Worker
Leena
Registered Social Worker, BSc, MSW, RSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Toronto, ON M5L  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
Sarah Ahmed completed her undergraduate degree in Psychology and Masters of Social Work degree from University of Toronto, specializing in Mental Health and Addictions. Sarah has worked with a diverse clientele within a multitude of clinical inpatient and outpatient settings. Sarah provides individual and group counselling to individuals suffering from mental health concerns such as anxiety, depression, borderline personality disorder, coupled with co-occurring substance use issues. Additionally, Sarah also provides support for loved ones on how to sustain healthy relationships and manage life stressors.
Sarah Ahmed completed her undergraduate degree in Psychology and Masters of Social Work degree from University of Toronto, specializing in Mental Health and Addictions. Sarah has worked with a diverse clientele within a multitude of clinical inpatient and outpatient settings. Sarah provides individual and group counselling to individuals suffering from mental health concerns such as anxiety, depression, borderline personality disorder, coupled with co-occurring substance use issues. Additionally, Sarah also provides support for loved ones on how to sustain healthy relationships and manage life stressors.
(647) 490-8723 View (647) 490-8723
Photo of Carly Bowie, MSW, BSW, RSW, Registered Social Worker
Carly Bowie
Registered Social Worker, MSW, BSW, RSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Toronto, ON M8V
Are trying to understand yourself more? Maybe you are trying to get to the root of why you do certain things, why things can set you off, and what unprocessed life experiences you have. As well as exploring how you relate to yourself, others, and the world. Therapy can be a wonderful place to go on a further journey of self-exploration. To help you put some of the pieces together, and to create a compassionate relationship to self while extending that to others.
Are trying to understand yourself more? Maybe you are trying to get to the root of why you do certain things, why things can set you off, and what unprocessed life experiences you have. As well as exploring how you relate to yourself, others, and the world. Therapy can be a wonderful place to go on a further journey of self-exploration. To help you put some of the pieces together, and to create a compassionate relationship to self while extending that to others.
(365) 661-4395 View (365) 661-4395
Photo of Susanna Damiani di Vergada, MSW, RSW, Registered Social Worker
Susanna Damiani di Vergada
Registered Social Worker, MSW, RSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Toronto, ON M5S
Whether you want to come to therapy on your own, or with a spouse or family member, I strive to create a safe space for you to explore your concerns and collaboratively work towards meeting your needs and/or solving your concerns. We can meet either in the office or online, my focus will be on making you comfortable with the process, allowing you to decide what goals you want to establish for our work together and helping you through your journey.
Whether you want to come to therapy on your own, or with a spouse or family member, I strive to create a safe space for you to explore your concerns and collaboratively work towards meeting your needs and/or solving your concerns. We can meet either in the office or online, my focus will be on making you comfortable with the process, allowing you to decide what goals you want to establish for our work together and helping you through your journey.
(437) 747-6041 View (437) 747-6041

See more therapy options for Toronto

How does your Counsellor compare?

Number of Counsellors in Toronto, ON

3,000+

Average cost per session

$155

Counsellors in Toronto, ON who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
87% Depression
84% Relationship Issues
84% Self Esteem
79% Stress
72% Coping Skills
69% Trauma and PTSD

Average years in practice

9 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

63% Green Shield Canada
61% SunLife
58% Canada Life | Great-West Life

How Counsellors in Toronto, ON see their clients

51% In Person and Online
49% Online Only

Gender breakdown

81% Female
16% Male
3% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling

How can I find a therapist in Toronto?

Search for nearby therapists or counsellors by inputting your city, postal code, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postal code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

Most Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are certified by one of the main professional associations, mainly the Canadian Counselling and Psychotherapy Association (CCPA), and will have a Certified Canadian Counsellor (CCC) designation with their name. Social Workers listed in the directory must be registered members of the college specific to their province. To be listed in the directory, Psychologists must be registered with the psychological college specific to their province or territory.

Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given the considerable variation in professional regulation and prerequisites across Canadian provinces, some providers may possess significant professional qualifications without necessarily holding professional memberships or being obliged to acquire them. As a result, they may be selectively included without the "Verified" seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?

Psychologists, counsellors, psychotherapists and social workers can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and supervised, practical experience that enable them to do so in Canada.

Psychologists have a master's and/or doctoral degree and have passed both written and oral exams. Psychologists are able to complete mental health assessments and provide diagnostic information to clients as well as provide counselling therapy or psychotherapy. Counsellors and psychotherapists are expected to have a master's or doctoral degree in counselling psychology, social work, or a related mental health discipline and certification by a professional association, such as the Canadian Counselling and Psychotherapy Association. Registered Social Workers possess a Bachelor's or Master's degree in Social Work and where possible must be licensed or certified by the provincial government and/or regulatory college.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, the cost of a therapy session in Canada could be between $100 and $200. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. Some types of outpatient mental health services are covered by Medicare, provided these are performed by a licensed mental health professional in the provinces or territory you reside in and who accepts the assignment.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postal code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Professionals licensed by regulatory colleges and those certified by associations such as the Canadian Counselling and Psychotherapy Association are obligated to uphold client confidentiality unless there is a legal reason that requires them to disclose information. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there is the potential or known harm to the client or others, or a court order, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.