Photo of Michelle Yung, MSW, RSW, Registered Social Worker
Michelle Yung
Registered Social Worker, MSW, RSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Toronto, ON M4T
As a social worker born and raised in Hong Kong, I bring with me a deep-rooted belief in the importance of family-based practice for fostering optimal child and youth development. Throughout my dedicated professional practice, I have specialized in providing compassionate support to children and their families facing diverse challenges, recognizing the crucial role parents play in their child's development. Central to my approach is the creation of a safe, warm, and supportive space for young clients to explore their emotions, empowering them to tap into their inherent resilience and strength to achieve well-being.
As a social worker born and raised in Hong Kong, I bring with me a deep-rooted belief in the importance of family-based practice for fostering optimal child and youth development. Throughout my dedicated professional practice, I have specialized in providing compassionate support to children and their families facing diverse challenges, recognizing the crucial role parents play in their child's development. Central to my approach is the creation of a safe, warm, and supportive space for young clients to explore their emotions, empowering them to tap into their inherent resilience and strength to achieve well-being.
(647) 362-1514 View (647) 362-1514
Photo of Thomas Jay Hayes, RP, Registered Psychotherapist
Thomas Jay Hayes
Registered Psychotherapist, RP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Toronto, ON M4T  (Online Only)
If you are looking for a Psychotherapist, chances are you are going through a rough patch or time of change in your life. Marriage or familial issues. Anxiety or depression. Stress, grief and loss. Substance abuse. Life transition or even career issues. These are the types of growing edges that often lead people to seek support. I believe in a collaborative approach to therapy and that the client is the expert on their own life. As a working professional for over a decade, I have worked with families, couples and individuals. I would be honoured to help you reach your goals!
If you are looking for a Psychotherapist, chances are you are going through a rough patch or time of change in your life. Marriage or familial issues. Anxiety or depression. Stress, grief and loss. Substance abuse. Life transition or even career issues. These are the types of growing edges that often lead people to seek support. I believe in a collaborative approach to therapy and that the client is the expert on their own life. As a working professional for over a decade, I have worked with families, couples and individuals. I would be honoured to help you reach your goals!
(437) 291-8783 View (437) 291-8783
Photo of Robin Long, MEd, BBA, CPA
Robin Long
MEd, BBA, CPA
Verified Verified
Toronto, ON M4T
Congratulations on taking that first step! It’s nice to meet you! I am a Registered Psychotherapist with over 20 years of experience. My practice has allowed me to work with people who have struggled with relationship issues, anxiety, depression, coping with past traumas, dieting, body image issues and vocational dissatisfaction or workplace stress. I work with people to identify concrete goals and treatment is customized to suit the needs of each person and follow a Rogerian, client-centered approach to counselling where a safe atmosphere of genuineness, unconditional positive regard and empathy is provided.
Congratulations on taking that first step! It’s nice to meet you! I am a Registered Psychotherapist with over 20 years of experience. My practice has allowed me to work with people who have struggled with relationship issues, anxiety, depression, coping with past traumas, dieting, body image issues and vocational dissatisfaction or workplace stress. I work with people to identify concrete goals and treatment is customized to suit the needs of each person and follow a Rogerian, client-centered approach to counselling where a safe atmosphere of genuineness, unconditional positive regard and empathy is provided.
(416) 996-5664 View (416) 996-5664
Photo of John Gross, RP, CTP Dip, Registered Psychotherapist
John Gross
Registered Psychotherapist, RP, CTP Dip
Verified Verified
Toronto, ON M4T
What do I really want? and--how am I going about NOT getting it? These simple questions stand at the gateway of personal freedom. Overwork, addiction, anxiety, depression tell us that we have turned away from life's important questions. Therapy can help. More than just relieving symptoms, good therapy allows us--with time and courage--to see our problems as opportunities, and to discover what's really important--living life with a sense of freedom and possibility.
What do I really want? and--how am I going about NOT getting it? These simple questions stand at the gateway of personal freedom. Overwork, addiction, anxiety, depression tell us that we have turned away from life's important questions. Therapy can help. More than just relieving symptoms, good therapy allows us--with time and courage--to see our problems as opportunities, and to discover what's really important--living life with a sense of freedom and possibility.
(437) 747-6130 View (437) 747-6130
Photo of Carmen Raina Lalonde - Lalonde Psychology, PsyD, CPsych, Psychologist
Lalonde Psychology
Psychologist, PsyD, CPsych
Verified Verified
Toronto, ON M4T
The psychologists at Lalonde Psychology are proponents of third-wave therapies and primarily work within a DBT framework. They strongly believe in using a relational and behavioural approach to deliver evidence-based interventions that are client-focused and embedded in culturally affirming care. At Lalonde Psychology, clinicians are intensively trained to implement DBT across the lifespan, and Dr. Lalonde, the clinic director, is board-certified through the DBT-Linehan Board of Certification. Gold-standard DBT for adults, teens, children, couples, and families, DBT-PE for trauma and DBT-SUD for substance use are offered.
The psychologists at Lalonde Psychology are proponents of third-wave therapies and primarily work within a DBT framework. They strongly believe in using a relational and behavioural approach to deliver evidence-based interventions that are client-focused and embedded in culturally affirming care. At Lalonde Psychology, clinicians are intensively trained to implement DBT across the lifespan, and Dr. Lalonde, the clinic director, is board-certified through the DBT-Linehan Board of Certification. Gold-standard DBT for adults, teens, children, couples, and families, DBT-PE for trauma and DBT-SUD for substance use are offered.
(437) 747-5126 View (437) 747-5126
Photo of Jennifer Kaplan, MSW, RSW, Registered Social Worker
Jennifer Kaplan
Registered Social Worker, MSW, RSW
Verified Verified
Toronto, ON M4T
Please feel free to look at my website JenniferKaplantherapy.com to see how my former clients describe our work. I am an empathic practitioner with 30 years of experience. My focus is to address your areas of concern with skill and determination. You will guide the work we do. We will set goals and work towards them in a reasonable time frame. Take the first step towards yourself and reach out for therapy.
Please feel free to look at my website JenniferKaplantherapy.com to see how my former clients describe our work. I am an empathic practitioner with 30 years of experience. My focus is to address your areas of concern with skill and determination. You will guide the work we do. We will set goals and work towards them in a reasonable time frame. Take the first step towards yourself and reach out for therapy.
(365) 598-5988 View (365) 598-5988
Photo of Sarah Houazene, PhD, Psychologist
Sarah Houazene
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Toronto, ON M4T
Accepting new clients! I help teenagers and adults manage anxiety stemming from life transitions, work-life balance, and trauma. Anxiety and past experiences should not define one's value or future, and we can make active changes to overcome these challenges. Many complain about how exhausting anxiety can be - but we don't have to resign to living like this forever. The way I see it, the goal of therapy is to both get to know yourself and your anxiety, but also to take back control to minimize its impact on relationships and academic or professional development.
Accepting new clients! I help teenagers and adults manage anxiety stemming from life transitions, work-life balance, and trauma. Anxiety and past experiences should not define one's value or future, and we can make active changes to overcome these challenges. Many complain about how exhausting anxiety can be - but we don't have to resign to living like this forever. The way I see it, the goal of therapy is to both get to know yourself and your anxiety, but also to take back control to minimize its impact on relationships and academic or professional development.
(437) 747-8709 View (437) 747-8709
Photo of Sarah Wilkes-Lizmore, Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying)
Sarah Wilkes-Lizmore
Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying)
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Toronto, ON M4T  (Online Only)
The pressures and demands of everyday life can leave us vulnerable to anxiety, depressive thoughts, perfectionistic tendencies, self-doubt, and other concerns. Particularly, School, work, sport, and performance settings can come with additional pressures and demands. In my career, I have worked with people who have experienced this pressure. I’m well-suited to support athletes having experienced this pressure myself in sports over the past 12 years.
The pressures and demands of everyday life can leave us vulnerable to anxiety, depressive thoughts, perfectionistic tendencies, self-doubt, and other concerns. Particularly, School, work, sport, and performance settings can come with additional pressures and demands. In my career, I have worked with people who have experienced this pressure. I’m well-suited to support athletes having experienced this pressure myself in sports over the past 12 years.
(226) 784-2327 View (226) 784-2327
Photo of Camille Alizadeh, MPsy, Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying)
Camille Alizadeh
Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying), MPsy
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Toronto, ON M4T
Do you struggle with intense emotions that impact your relationships? Do you feel exhausted keeping it together through the day? Does it feel as if life will always be this way? Now more than ever, people are feeling disconnected from their selves and their relationships. I believe that there is another way to live. At Lived Collective, I offer therapeutic support for individuals and their loved ones with challenges related to Borderline Personality Disorder, emotional dysregulation, trauma, and suicidal ideation.
Do you struggle with intense emotions that impact your relationships? Do you feel exhausted keeping it together through the day? Does it feel as if life will always be this way? Now more than ever, people are feeling disconnected from their selves and their relationships. I believe that there is another way to live. At Lived Collective, I offer therapeutic support for individuals and their loved ones with challenges related to Borderline Personality Disorder, emotional dysregulation, trauma, and suicidal ideation.
(647) 471-3525 View (647) 471-3525
Photo of Orlando Frizado, MSW, RSW, Registered Social Worker
Orlando Frizado
Registered Social Worker, MSW, RSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Toronto, ON M4T  (Online Only)
Something is wrong, but we can't quite grasp what. We search for a better understanding of ourselves in order to solve our emotional and psychological discontent. We think about the events of the day, relationships, childhood and the past. Still, something doesn't seem right. We act and feel in ways that create discord. I provide psychotherapy for people who are interested in looking for the deeper meaning behind the discomfort in their lives. The goal is to be able to have more meaningful relationships, fulfilling work and societal contributions, as well as the capacity to bear the difficulties that are part of living fully.
Something is wrong, but we can't quite grasp what. We search for a better understanding of ourselves in order to solve our emotional and psychological discontent. We think about the events of the day, relationships, childhood and the past. Still, something doesn't seem right. We act and feel in ways that create discord. I provide psychotherapy for people who are interested in looking for the deeper meaning behind the discomfort in their lives. The goal is to be able to have more meaningful relationships, fulfilling work and societal contributions, as well as the capacity to bear the difficulties that are part of living fully.
(226) 780-8552 View (226) 780-8552
Photo of Maggie Stein Jamieson, MSW, RSW, Registered Social Worker
Maggie Stein Jamieson
Registered Social Worker, MSW, RSW
Verified Verified
Toronto, ON M4T
I have experience working with, and for, individuals and their families across the lifespan, navigating non-suicidal self-injury and self-harm, personality disorder, emotion regulation difficulties, eating disorders/disorder eating, body image, and trauma. I also work with athletes and performers to address the mental health concerns that exist for these individuals within their larger systems on and off the field/court/stage.
I have experience working with, and for, individuals and their families across the lifespan, navigating non-suicidal self-injury and self-harm, personality disorder, emotion regulation difficulties, eating disorders/disorder eating, body image, and trauma. I also work with athletes and performers to address the mental health concerns that exist for these individuals within their larger systems on and off the field/court/stage.
(437) 747-7459 View (437) 747-7459
Photo of Daniele Massie, RP, GIT, EFT-II, HT, Registered Psychotherapist
Daniele Massie
Registered Psychotherapist, RP, GIT, EFT-II, HT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Toronto, ON M4T  (Online Only)
People seek change and choose to work with a therapist for a variety of reasons. It could be that you are struggling with making an important decision, experiencing difficulties in your personal/family/work relationships, or are easily overcome by stress, worry or anxiety in a world that is increasingly putting demands on your time and attention. Chances are you are feeling stuck in some way and want a fuller, richer, more satisfying life. As a Registered Psychotherapist, I specialize in working with Highly Sensitive adults (HSPs) who wish to engage in a creative, present-centered, neuroscience-informed bodymind approach to therapy.
People seek change and choose to work with a therapist for a variety of reasons. It could be that you are struggling with making an important decision, experiencing difficulties in your personal/family/work relationships, or are easily overcome by stress, worry or anxiety in a world that is increasingly putting demands on your time and attention. Chances are you are feeling stuck in some way and want a fuller, richer, more satisfying life. As a Registered Psychotherapist, I specialize in working with Highly Sensitive adults (HSPs) who wish to engage in a creative, present-centered, neuroscience-informed bodymind approach to therapy.
(647) 931-1398 View (647) 931-1398
Photo of Sara Orsini, MTh, MEd , BA Hons, Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying)
Sara Orsini
Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying), MTh, MEd , BA Hons
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Toronto, ON M4T  (Online Only)
Are you experiencing something that you'd like to change? Does it reside within you, outside of you, or perhaps in both places at once? When we experience challenges, it can be difficult to know where to begin or what to do about them. I am here to help you explore the things in your life that feel too complicated and/or heavy to handle alone. Together, we will unpack your experiences and create solutions that allow you to have greater mastery of your life.
Are you experiencing something that you'd like to change? Does it reside within you, outside of you, or perhaps in both places at once? When we experience challenges, it can be difficult to know where to begin or what to do about them. I am here to help you explore the things in your life that feel too complicated and/or heavy to handle alone. Together, we will unpack your experiences and create solutions that allow you to have greater mastery of your life.
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Photo of Olena Chechel, BA, MA, RP, Registered Psychotherapist
Olena Chechel
Registered Psychotherapist, BA, MA, RP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Toronto, ON M4T  (Online Only)
You may have landed on this page because something isn't feeling right. You may be feeling anxious, depressed, or stuck. Perhaps, you’re struggling with finding your voice, exploring your identity or trying to navigate the intricate terrain of emotions, trauma, and loss. The world can be a tough place. Having a space to sit and turn inwards is essential. In therapy, we will look at who you are, what you want, and what you need. As a psychodynamic therapist, I aim to create a safe and comfortable space for self-exploration. I won't just sit passively; I'll actively engage with you.
You may have landed on this page because something isn't feeling right. You may be feeling anxious, depressed, or stuck. Perhaps, you’re struggling with finding your voice, exploring your identity or trying to navigate the intricate terrain of emotions, trauma, and loss. The world can be a tough place. Having a space to sit and turn inwards is essential. In therapy, we will look at who you are, what you want, and what you need. As a psychodynamic therapist, I aim to create a safe and comfortable space for self-exploration. I won't just sit passively; I'll actively engage with you.
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Photo of Caitlin Black, RP (Q), Registered Psychotherapist
Caitlin Black
Registered Psychotherapist, RP (Q)
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Toronto, ON M4T
Welcome. I am so pleased that you have chosen to take a step forward to find a therapist who is right for you. In my practice, I specialize in supporting neurodivergent millennials and Genz individuals who face intersecting challenges with ADHD, anxiety, and relational insecurities. These challenges are practically and compassionately navigated in sessions to approach strategies for growth, resilience, and creativity
Welcome. I am so pleased that you have chosen to take a step forward to find a therapist who is right for you. In my practice, I specialize in supporting neurodivergent millennials and Genz individuals who face intersecting challenges with ADHD, anxiety, and relational insecurities. These challenges are practically and compassionately navigated in sessions to approach strategies for growth, resilience, and creativity
(647) 559-6452 View (647) 559-6452
Photo of Stephanie Griver, BSW, MSW, RSW, Registered Social Worker
Stephanie Griver
Registered Social Worker, BSW, MSW, RSW
Verified Verified
Toronto, ON M4T
Well done! You have taken the first step to reach out for a happier and healthier life. Self-compassion is one of the keys you will achieve in moving beyond an eating disorder. Your journey can start now! I am a Registered Social Worker with over 15 years of experience in working with adolescents and adults who have coped with eating disorders, disordered eating, low self-esteem, anxiety and/or depression and family/couple relationship conflict. I completed my Internship at Southlake Regional Health Centre in the Eating Disorder Program while completing my Master’s degree of Social Work.
Well done! You have taken the first step to reach out for a happier and healthier life. Self-compassion is one of the keys you will achieve in moving beyond an eating disorder. Your journey can start now! I am a Registered Social Worker with over 15 years of experience in working with adolescents and adults who have coped with eating disorders, disordered eating, low self-esteem, anxiety and/or depression and family/couple relationship conflict. I completed my Internship at Southlake Regional Health Centre in the Eating Disorder Program while completing my Master’s degree of Social Work.
(647) 493-3763 View (647) 493-3763
Photo of Naiara Perin Darim, MPsy, RP, Registered Psychotherapist
Naiara Perin Darim
Registered Psychotherapist, MPsy, RP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Toronto, ON M4T
My clients tend to be individuals with multiple concerns or goals for their treatment, usually, those goals involve interpersonal effectiveness (effectual communication), emotion regulation and self-compassion. There may be self-harmful patterns and family or relationship conflicts to be addressed.
My clients tend to be individuals with multiple concerns or goals for their treatment, usually, those goals involve interpersonal effectiveness (effectual communication), emotion regulation and self-compassion. There may be self-harmful patterns and family or relationship conflicts to be addressed.
(437) 747-7604 View (437) 747-7604
Photo of Benedicte Lovald, PhD, CPsych, Psychologist
Benedicte Lovald
Psychologist, PhD, CPsych
Verified Verified
Toronto, ON M4T
I am a registered psychologist practicing in the areas of clinical and counselling psychology. During the course of my training and career, I have held positions in a wide range of treatment settings across the GTA and in New York City, including public hospitals, university counselling centres, and private clinics. My work in these settings has allowed me to gain extensive experience assessing and treating clients with a broad spectrum of mental health concerns. Currently, I work in private practice providing assessment and psychotherapy services for individual adults and couples, with a focus on mood and anxiety disorders.
I am a registered psychologist practicing in the areas of clinical and counselling psychology. During the course of my training and career, I have held positions in a wide range of treatment settings across the GTA and in New York City, including public hospitals, university counselling centres, and private clinics. My work in these settings has allowed me to gain extensive experience assessing and treating clients with a broad spectrum of mental health concerns. Currently, I work in private practice providing assessment and psychotherapy services for individual adults and couples, with a focus on mood and anxiety disorders.
(844) 332-2426 View (844) 332-2426
Photo of Dr. Change Kwesele Malama, PhD, RSW, Registered Social Worker
Dr. Change Kwesele Malama
Registered Social Worker, PhD, RSW
Verified Verified
Toronto, ON M4T  (Online Only)
Sometimes the scariest thing to do is talk to someone, especially if we feel like we will be misunderstood, laughed at, or judged. As a therapist my goal is to create a safe, comfortable, and confidential space for you to have someone to talk to. I focus on helping clients enhance their holistic health, manage relationships and cope with the stressors that may come from life changing events or navigating multiple worlds. Much of my experience has been working with teenagers, college students, graduate students, and middle-aged adults.
Sometimes the scariest thing to do is talk to someone, especially if we feel like we will be misunderstood, laughed at, or judged. As a therapist my goal is to create a safe, comfortable, and confidential space for you to have someone to talk to. I focus on helping clients enhance their holistic health, manage relationships and cope with the stressors that may come from life changing events or navigating multiple worlds. Much of my experience has been working with teenagers, college students, graduate students, and middle-aged adults.
(437) 374-0201 View (437) 374-0201
Photo of Amira Posner, BSW, MSW, RSW, Registered Social Worker
Amira Posner
Registered Social Worker, BSW, MSW, RSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Toronto, ON M4T
I am committed to making your fertility experience better. Going through this journey does not need to be so painful. In my practice, I incorporate mind-body techniques that supports and inspire women, men and couples struggling with infertility. I developed the Mind-Body Fertility Program at Mt. Sinai Hospital (CFRH). This 6 week program is a mindfulness based stress reduction group geared to those who are dealing with infertility.
I am committed to making your fertility experience better. Going through this journey does not need to be so painful. In my practice, I incorporate mind-body techniques that supports and inspire women, men and couples struggling with infertility. I developed the Mind-Body Fertility Program at Mt. Sinai Hospital (CFRH). This 6 week program is a mindfulness based stress reduction group geared to those who are dealing with infertility.
(855) 997-2576 View (855) 997-2576
1

See more therapy options for M4T

How does your Counsellor compare?

Number of Counsellors in M4T

100+

Average cost per session

$170

Counsellors in M4T who prioritize treating:

92% Anxiety
87% Relationship Issues
87% Self Esteem
86% Depression
77% Stress
68% Coping Skills
65% Grief

Average years in practice

12 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

61% Manulife
55% SunLife
53% Canada Life | Great-West Life

How Counsellors in M4T see their clients

60% In Person and Online
40% Online Only

Gender breakdown

82% Female
18% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling

How can I find a therapist in M4T?

Search for nearby therapists or counsellors by inputting your city, postal code, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postal code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

Most Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are certified by one of the main professional associations, mainly the Canadian Counselling and Psychotherapy Association (CCPA), and will have a Certified Canadian Counsellor (CCC) designation with their name. Social Workers listed in the directory must be registered members of the college specific to their province. To be listed in the directory, Psychologists must be registered with the psychological college specific to their province or territory.

Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given the considerable variation in professional regulation and prerequisites across Canadian provinces, some providers may possess significant professional qualifications without necessarily holding professional memberships or being obliged to acquire them. As a result, they may be selectively included without the "Verified" seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?

Psychologists, counsellors, psychotherapists and social workers can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and supervised, practical experience that enable them to do so in Canada.

Psychologists have a master's and/or doctoral degree and have passed both written and oral exams. Psychologists are able to complete mental health assessments and provide diagnostic information to clients as well as provide counselling therapy or psychotherapy. Counsellors and psychotherapists are expected to have a master's or doctoral degree in counselling psychology, social work, or a related mental health discipline and certification by a professional association, such as the Canadian Counselling and Psychotherapy Association. Registered Social Workers possess a Bachelor's or Master's degree in Social Work and where possible must be licensed or certified by the provincial government and/or regulatory college.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, the cost of a therapy session in Canada could be between $100 and $200. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. Some types of outpatient mental health services are covered by Medicare, provided these are performed by a licensed mental health professional in the provinces or territory you reside in and who accepts the assignment.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postal code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Professionals licensed by regulatory colleges and those certified by associations such as the Canadian Counselling and Psychotherapy Association are obligated to uphold client confidentiality unless there is a legal reason that requires them to disclose information. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there is the potential or known harm to the client or others, or a court order, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.