Therapists in L1N
Matthew Asser
Registered Psychotherapist, MEd, MA, CSFT, CCC, RP
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Whitby, ON L1N
Online Counselling for residents of ON, BC, SK, MB, NL, YT, NT, and NU. Anxiety, stress, and depression can keep you from enjoying your life. Your grief might leave you feeling guilty, angry, or ashamed. Adults who have lost a loved one can experience these emotions and more. The loss of your work or career can have you feeling worthless. Disruptions at work can have you questioning your abilities and feeling isolated. Career and life transitions are often bewildering. Traumatic experiences can affect your adult life in many ways. Relationship issues can be deeply troubling. You want someone to listen to you.
Online Counselling for residents of ON, BC, SK, MB, NL, YT, NT, and NU. Anxiety, stress, and depression can keep you from enjoying your life. Your grief might leave you feeling guilty, angry, or ashamed. Adults who have lost a loved one can experience these emotions and more. The loss of your work or career can have you feeling worthless. Disruptions at work can have you questioning your abilities and feeling isolated. Career and life transitions are often bewildering. Traumatic experiences can affect your adult life in many ways. Relationship issues can be deeply troubling. You want someone to listen to you.
My passion is helping people in distress find their unique voices and build positive relationships.I hold a Bachelor of Applied Science from the University of Guelph and a Masters in Social Work from the University of Toronto.I have been practicing for over 25 years; originally in the public sector including Children's Aid Society, Bridgepoint Health & Ontario Shores Centre for Mental Health Sciences. I have been in Private Practice for the last 10 years. My practice is informed by a range of therapy models including, psychodynamic, family systems, cognitive behavioural, conflict resolution, narrative and emotion focused therapies.
My passion is helping people in distress find their unique voices and build positive relationships.I hold a Bachelor of Applied Science from the University of Guelph and a Masters in Social Work from the University of Toronto.I have been practicing for over 25 years; originally in the public sector including Children's Aid Society, Bridgepoint Health & Ontario Shores Centre for Mental Health Sciences. I have been in Private Practice for the last 10 years. My practice is informed by a range of therapy models including, psychodynamic, family systems, cognitive behavioural, conflict resolution, narrative and emotion focused therapies.
Chelsey Yaremchuk
Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying)
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Whitby, ON L1N
I have a passion for helping people on a journey to discover themselves with warmth and humility. By creating a safe environment, you can open up and be yourself while actively being listened to with empathy, compassion and no judgment. Together we can challenge to take you out of your comfort zone to help meet goals, in a safe and supportive environment
I have a passion for helping people on a journey to discover themselves with warmth and humility. By creating a safe environment, you can open up and be yourself while actively being listened to with empathy, compassion and no judgment. Together we can challenge to take you out of your comfort zone to help meet goals, in a safe and supportive environment
Jasmine Raea Perry
Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying), MACP, BA
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Whitby, ON L1N
My approach to therapy is holistic, client-centered, and integrative. I believe everyone has a unique story to tell, and my goal is to listen, hold safe space, and validate the experiences and worldviews that have influenced your identity and sense of self. Therapy is a journey of growth and discovery, and I feel grateful to walk alongside you as you increase self-awareness, heal, and begin to make positive changes in your life and relationships. look forward to supporting you to feel empowered to be your best true self, in whatever way that looks like for you. I aim to do this through collaboration, non-judgement, and compassion.
My approach to therapy is holistic, client-centered, and integrative. I believe everyone has a unique story to tell, and my goal is to listen, hold safe space, and validate the experiences and worldviews that have influenced your identity and sense of self. Therapy is a journey of growth and discovery, and I feel grateful to walk alongside you as you increase self-awareness, heal, and begin to make positive changes in your life and relationships. look forward to supporting you to feel empowered to be your best true self, in whatever way that looks like for you. I aim to do this through collaboration, non-judgement, and compassion.
Vielka Almanzar
Registered Psychotherapist, HBA, MEd, MA
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Whitby, ON L1N
Therapy is a way out of feeling helpless & hopeless. At The Insight Clinic our priority is getting you results. We focus on building a genuine, empathetic, & positive relationship with you that will bring out your strengths and move you to a better place. Whether for you or a loved one, seeking help to improve your relationships, emotional regulation, & quality of life can be daunting. It's normal to feel doubt. We use a non-judgemental approach that considers the influence of traumatic memories on current issues. This will shed light onto solutions you haven’t seen before.
Therapy is a way out of feeling helpless & hopeless. At The Insight Clinic our priority is getting you results. We focus on building a genuine, empathetic, & positive relationship with you that will bring out your strengths and move you to a better place. Whether for you or a loved one, seeking help to improve your relationships, emotional regulation, & quality of life can be daunting. It's normal to feel doubt. We use a non-judgemental approach that considers the influence of traumatic memories on current issues. This will shed light onto solutions you haven’t seen before.
Are feelings of anxiety affecting your work and home life? Are you feeling stuck in aspects of your life because of trauma, relationship challenges, low motivation, or stress? Does your mind race with past problems or future worries? In therapy, we will address the issues that are important to you and focus on meeting your goals. Difficult experiences in your past or mental health struggles in the present don't have to dictate your future. You can recover from mental health challenges, move past anxiety, and create a healthy lifestyle. Affordable online therapy for residents of Ontario.
Are feelings of anxiety affecting your work and home life? Are you feeling stuck in aspects of your life because of trauma, relationship challenges, low motivation, or stress? Does your mind race with past problems or future worries? In therapy, we will address the issues that are important to you and focus on meeting your goals. Difficult experiences in your past or mental health struggles in the present don't have to dictate your future. You can recover from mental health challenges, move past anxiety, and create a healthy lifestyle. Affordable online therapy for residents of Ontario.
If you feel unhappy with where you’re at in your life and don’t want to burden others with your problems, therapy can help. Feeling that you are not alone and that someone understands you is critical to starting to feel better. Even though it may not feel like it right now, you can become stronger and feel better.
If you feel unhappy with where you’re at in your life and don’t want to burden others with your problems, therapy can help. Feeling that you are not alone and that someone understands you is critical to starting to feel better. Even though it may not feel like it right now, you can become stronger and feel better.
Deidre Martin
Registered Social Worker, BSW, MSW, RSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Whitby, ON L1N (Online Only)
I am a dedicated Registered Social Worker with a passion for supporting individuals aged 12 and up. My mission is to help clients navigate the complexities of life, focusing on issues such as self-esteem, anxiety, depression, relationships and trauma. I believe in the power of therapy as a safe space for exploration and growth. In addition to my work with adults, I specialize in supporting neurotypical and neurodivergent adolescents and their caregivers as they navigate the challenges of this developmental stage. Together, we will explore identity formation, peer relationships, family dynamics, and emotional well-being.
I am a dedicated Registered Social Worker with a passion for supporting individuals aged 12 and up. My mission is to help clients navigate the complexities of life, focusing on issues such as self-esteem, anxiety, depression, relationships and trauma. I believe in the power of therapy as a safe space for exploration and growth. In addition to my work with adults, I specialize in supporting neurotypical and neurodivergent adolescents and their caregivers as they navigate the challenges of this developmental stage. Together, we will explore identity formation, peer relationships, family dynamics, and emotional well-being.
Welcome, my name is Shawna Martin (MSW, RSW RYT200). I am a registered Social Worker in Ontario. I am currently offering individual counselling sessions including video and phone sessions within Ontario and in person services in Durham Region, ON. Need support finding a path forward? Throughout one's life, numerous significant changes and transitions are inevitable. Whether you're dealing with the excitement and challenges of new beginnings or coping with the difficulties of unexpected transitions, I provide a supportive and non-judgmental environment where you can explore your feelings and develop effective coping strategies.
Welcome, my name is Shawna Martin (MSW, RSW RYT200). I am a registered Social Worker in Ontario. I am currently offering individual counselling sessions including video and phone sessions within Ontario and in person services in Durham Region, ON. Need support finding a path forward? Throughout one's life, numerous significant changes and transitions are inevitable. Whether you're dealing with the excitement and challenges of new beginnings or coping with the difficulties of unexpected transitions, I provide a supportive and non-judgmental environment where you can explore your feelings and develop effective coping strategies.
Hello, my name is Sara Iyamu, and I have 16 years working as a social worker with a diverse group of children, youth, adults and their families. Utilizing Dialectical Behaviour Therapy (DBT), Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT), Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), and Mindfulness, I work collaboratively with my clients to identify goals for treatment and therapy. Counselling can be both short or long term and provide you a non-judgemental space to be yourself, self-reflect and increase self-awareness so you may harness your confidence and inner strengths to achieve your goals.
Hello, my name is Sara Iyamu, and I have 16 years working as a social worker with a diverse group of children, youth, adults and their families. Utilizing Dialectical Behaviour Therapy (DBT), Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT), Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), and Mindfulness, I work collaboratively with my clients to identify goals for treatment and therapy. Counselling can be both short or long term and provide you a non-judgemental space to be yourself, self-reflect and increase self-awareness so you may harness your confidence and inner strengths to achieve your goals.
Marina Stamatakos
Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying), MA
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Whitby, ON L1N
I support clients with addictions, understanding relapse prevention, and tackling issues like anxiety, depression, anger management, relationship challenges, navigating boundaries, and rebuilding self-esteem. My approach is typically person-centred and trauma-informed with a focus on client strengths.
I support clients with addictions, understanding relapse prevention, and tackling issues like anxiety, depression, anger management, relationship challenges, navigating boundaries, and rebuilding self-esteem. My approach is typically person-centred and trauma-informed with a focus on client strengths.
15 Second Videos
Lynn Marie Hum
Meagan Gallacher
Maya Oakes
Anumeet Bhandal
Deepaa Dindial
Carolyn James
Andrea Probert
Daniel Joshua Wayow
Megan Evans
Shelley Jones
Brianna Carrasco-Bonilla
Avista Amuyan
Danielle D David
Lori Montgomery - Willow Tree Psychotherapy
Anxiety Self-Esteem Adhd - Tiara Ibbrahim
Sara Usmani
Hilary Eaton
Ryan Walton
Sarah Karkanis
Ricki Harrison
Marena Gileini Fam
Amy Leung
Beyond The Woods Counselling (Meaghan Varty)
Madeleine Krupl
Daniela Estrella - Children Teens Adults
Charlotte MacLean
Rachael MacLean
Amanda Newman
Georgia Campbell
Laura Boyko
Jennifer Lynn Trewin
Rachael Pogue
Jennifer Elaine Glave
Cindy Kwok
Ashley Haigh - Help For Teens And Adults
Grace Lee
Sharmila Jaihindraj
Vanessa Moser
Sihan Wang
Positive Kids Inc
Mariam Hammady
Strength Counselling Services
Victoria Pulla
Corinne Carter Therapy
LiveWise Associates-In Person Sessions!
Jaclyn Spinelli | Boundaries | People Pleasing | Emotion Regulation
Marissa Martins
Jessica O'Connor
Tiffany Sagle
Kristina Trandovski
Lynn Marie Hum
Registered Psychotherapist, BA, MA
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Whitby, ON L1N (Online Only)
I have a passion for working with individuals and couples who are struggling while facing life's challenges. My desire is to be a catalyst to help you move toward healing. I consider it a privilege to provide a supportive, caring, warm and confidential environment.
I have a passion for working with individuals and couples who are struggling while facing life's challenges. My desire is to be a catalyst to help you move toward healing. I consider it a privilege to provide a supportive, caring, warm and confidential environment.
Sarah Mogg- Therapy And Clinical Supervision
Registered Psychotherapist, MA, RP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Whitby, ON L1N
We all experience life difficulties and stressors, sometimes leading to increased worry, a low mood and/or general unhappiness and discontentment. Engaging in psychotherapy can assist with creating a new perspective as well as the development of coping strategies, goals and the exploration of strengths and values. I am a Registered Psychotherapist and have over 13 years of clinical experience working with youth and adults experiencing difficulties with substance use, depression, anxiety, stress and general emotion management concerns.
We all experience life difficulties and stressors, sometimes leading to increased worry, a low mood and/or general unhappiness and discontentment. Engaging in psychotherapy can assist with creating a new perspective as well as the development of coping strategies, goals and the exploration of strengths and values. I am a Registered Psychotherapist and have over 13 years of clinical experience working with youth and adults experiencing difficulties with substance use, depression, anxiety, stress and general emotion management concerns.
I am a registered Clinical Psychologist licensed to work with children, adolescents, adults, and families. I have clinical expertise in a variety of areas including Child and Adolescent development, Eating Disorders and Body Image, Anxiety Disorders, Mood Disorders, PTSD and trauma-related disorders and diagnostic and personality assessment. I have training in a variety of therapeutic modalities including Cognitive Behaviour Therapy, Dialectical Behaviour Therapy, Family Based Treatment for Eating Disorders and various trauma focused interventions. I have more than 10 years of clinical experience in various treatment settings.
I am a registered Clinical Psychologist licensed to work with children, adolescents, adults, and families. I have clinical expertise in a variety of areas including Child and Adolescent development, Eating Disorders and Body Image, Anxiety Disorders, Mood Disorders, PTSD and trauma-related disorders and diagnostic and personality assessment. I have training in a variety of therapeutic modalities including Cognitive Behaviour Therapy, Dialectical Behaviour Therapy, Family Based Treatment for Eating Disorders and various trauma focused interventions. I have more than 10 years of clinical experience in various treatment settings.
Do you need a quiet, safe space to gain clarity and meaning, to reflect on relationships and to become a better person? I am here to support you as you navigate your paths to healing, change, and growth. I will help you work through the challenges of life and support your emotional, relational, and mental well-being. My areas of expertise include anxiety, depression, and relationship issues. I also work with individuals experiencing a variety of other concerns.
Do you need a quiet, safe space to gain clarity and meaning, to reflect on relationships and to become a better person? I am here to support you as you navigate your paths to healing, change, and growth. I will help you work through the challenges of life and support your emotional, relational, and mental well-being. My areas of expertise include anxiety, depression, and relationship issues. I also work with individuals experiencing a variety of other concerns.
*ACCEPTING NEW CLIENT'S* I am so glad you are here and putting forth your needs first or maybe you are here because your friend or family member needs support or you are just tired of feeling this ‘Numb’ feeling and you want some answers as to “Why are you feeling this way? or asking yourself “Why don’t I feel happy or sad anymore?”, “Why am I like this?”, What is wrong with me? If I have made you question yourself right now then you are in the right place with the right person. As your therapist, I will help you explore all these feelings and will support you for your Mindful Comeback starting at your own pace.
*ACCEPTING NEW CLIENT'S* I am so glad you are here and putting forth your needs first or maybe you are here because your friend or family member needs support or you are just tired of feeling this ‘Numb’ feeling and you want some answers as to “Why are you feeling this way? or asking yourself “Why don’t I feel happy or sad anymore?”, “Why am I like this?”, What is wrong with me? If I have made you question yourself right now then you are in the right place with the right person. As your therapist, I will help you explore all these feelings and will support you for your Mindful Comeback starting at your own pace.
Ashley Latendresse
Registered Psychotherapist, MA, BSc, ADMH
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Whitby, ON L1N (Online Only)
Do you want more ease in your life? Are you struggling with emotions that feel overwhelming and hard to manage? Are conflicts or breakdowns in communication straining your relationships? Are you looking to improve the quality of communication and deepen your connection with your partner in a more loving manner? Have you been impacted by a traumatic event that continues to affect your daily life?
Do you want more ease in your life? Are you struggling with emotions that feel overwhelming and hard to manage? Are conflicts or breakdowns in communication straining your relationships? Are you looking to improve the quality of communication and deepen your connection with your partner in a more loving manner? Have you been impacted by a traumatic event that continues to affect your daily life?
Clint Robson
Registered Social Worker, MSW, RSW
Verified Verified
Whitby, ON L1N
Waitlist for new clients
I am part of CREW Psychotherapy and Trauma Services (crewservices.ca) In my experience, people overcome difficulties and reach their greatest potential when they have the correct ingredients and the most accurate support. I bring 25 years of experience to our work and I provide my clients with compassion, unconditional acceptance, warmth, and transparency. My experience and expertise lead me to effectively offer psychotherapy services to adults and families across the life cycle and for a variety of struggles.
I am part of CREW Psychotherapy and Trauma Services (crewservices.ca) In my experience, people overcome difficulties and reach their greatest potential when they have the correct ingredients and the most accurate support. I bring 25 years of experience to our work and I provide my clients with compassion, unconditional acceptance, warmth, and transparency. My experience and expertise lead me to effectively offer psychotherapy services to adults and families across the life cycle and for a variety of struggles.
Meagan Gallacher
Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying), MACP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Whitby, ON L1N (Online Only)
As a Registered Psychotherapist (qualifying) and owner of Sol Psychotherapy, I am here to help you achieve your wellness goals. Are you experiencing new and fluctuating emotions? Are you feeling overwhelmed, depressed or anxious? Are you struggling to find balance in your life? Is it hard to understand why or what you are going through? Have you experienced trauma that is seems to be lingering and often replays? Through a compassionate ear, I am here to help you process and understand your experiences by setting realistic and achievable goals.
As a Registered Psychotherapist (qualifying) and owner of Sol Psychotherapy, I am here to help you achieve your wellness goals. Are you experiencing new and fluctuating emotions? Are you feeling overwhelmed, depressed or anxious? Are you struggling to find balance in your life? Is it hard to understand why or what you are going through? Have you experienced trauma that is seems to be lingering and often replays? Through a compassionate ear, I am here to help you process and understand your experiences by setting realistic and achievable goals.
Navigating the complexities of life can feel overwhelming and I want you to know that you don’t have to navigate them alone. I am committed to offering support to adolescents and adults experiencing symptoms related to anxiety, stress, depression, relationship concerns, grief, life transitions and/or self-esteem. My intention is to offer you a compassionate and non-judgmental space where it feels safe to navigate self-discovery, focusing on what you can do create a fulfilling and meaningful life. We will work toward developing a strong sense of self, building self-compassion and resiliency, and effective coping strategies.
Navigating the complexities of life can feel overwhelming and I want you to know that you don’t have to navigate them alone. I am committed to offering support to adolescents and adults experiencing symptoms related to anxiety, stress, depression, relationship concerns, grief, life transitions and/or self-esteem. My intention is to offer you a compassionate and non-judgmental space where it feels safe to navigate self-discovery, focusing on what you can do create a fulfilling and meaningful life. We will work toward developing a strong sense of self, building self-compassion and resiliency, and effective coping strategies.
See more therapy options for L1N
How does your Counsellor compare?
Number of Counsellors in L1N
200+
Average cost per session
$160
Counsellors in L1N who prioritize treating:
96% | Anxiety |
87% | Depression |
87% | Self Esteem |
83% | Stress |
82% | Relationship Issues |
81% | Coping Skills |
65% | Trauma and PTSD |
Average years in practice
8 Years
Top 3 insurances accepted
68% | Manulife |
64% | Green Shield Canada |
63% | Canada Life | Great-West Life |
How Counsellors in L1N see their clients
76% | In Person and Online | |
24% | Online Only |
Gender breakdown
89% | Female | |
11% | Male |
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling
How can I find a therapist in L1N?
Search for nearby therapists or counsellors by inputting your city, postal code, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postal code into the search bar.
Learn more about how to find a therapist
Learn more about how to find a therapist
Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?
Most Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are certified by one of the main professional associations, mainly the Canadian Counselling and Psychotherapy Association (CCPA), and will have a Certified Canadian Counsellor (CCC) designation with their name. Social Workers listed in the directory must be registered members of the college specific to their province. To be listed in the directory, Psychologists must be registered with the psychological college specific to their province or territory.
Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given the considerable variation in professional regulation and prerequisites across Canadian provinces, some providers may possess significant professional qualifications without necessarily holding professional memberships or being obliged to acquire them. As a result, they may be selectively included without the "Verified" seal.
Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given the considerable variation in professional regulation and prerequisites across Canadian provinces, some providers may possess significant professional qualifications without necessarily holding professional memberships or being obliged to acquire them. As a result, they may be selectively included without the "Verified" seal.
What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?
Psychologists, counsellors, psychotherapists and social workers can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and supervised, practical experience that enable them to do so in Canada.
Psychologists have a master's and/or doctoral degree and have passed both written and oral exams. Psychologists are able to complete mental health assessments and provide diagnostic information to clients as well as provide counselling therapy or psychotherapy. Counsellors and psychotherapists are expected to have a master's or doctoral degree in counselling psychology, social work, or a related mental health discipline and certification by a professional association, such as the Canadian Counselling and Psychotherapy Association. Registered Social Workers possess a Bachelor's or Master's degree in Social Work and where possible must be licensed or certified by the provincial government and/or regulatory college.
Psychologists have a master's and/or doctoral degree and have passed both written and oral exams. Psychologists are able to complete mental health assessments and provide diagnostic information to clients as well as provide counselling therapy or psychotherapy. Counsellors and psychotherapists are expected to have a master's or doctoral degree in counselling psychology, social work, or a related mental health discipline and certification by a professional association, such as the Canadian Counselling and Psychotherapy Association. Registered Social Workers possess a Bachelor's or Master's degree in Social Work and where possible must be licensed or certified by the provincial government and/or regulatory college.
What type of therapy is right for me?
The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.
How much does therapy cost?
The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, the cost of a therapy session in Canada could be between $100 and $200. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.
What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?
Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.
If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. Some types of outpatient mental health services are covered by Medicare, provided these are performed by a licensed mental health professional in the provinces or territory you reside in and who accepts the assignment.
If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. Some types of outpatient mental health services are covered by Medicare, provided these are performed by a licensed mental health professional in the provinces or territory you reside in and who accepts the assignment.
Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?
Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.
Is online therapy a good option?
Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postal code.
Are therapy sessions confidential?
Professionals licensed by regulatory colleges and those certified by associations such as the Canadian Counselling and Psychotherapy Association are obligated to uphold client confidentiality unless there is a legal reason that requires them to disclose information. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there is the potential or known harm to the client or others, or a court order, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.