Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) Therapists in New Westminster, BC

Photo of Ratha Chek - Integrative Somatic Therapy Practice, Vancouver, Counsellor
Integrative Somatic Therapy Practice, Vancouver
Counsellor
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
New Westminster, BC V3M
The feeling of helplessness can be the most debilitating experience. In a safe nurturing space, you are gently guided to take a proactive role in your healing process, experience self-efficacy, build resilience & reclaim HOPE. We offer Integrative Somatic Therapy Practice (ISTP) incorporating gentle Yoga, Mindfulness, Breathwork, Bodywork, Ceremony, Somatic & Body Oriented Processing. Centering on this organic process of healing trauma, individuals are guided to gently release body-stored trauma, experience self-efficacy, gain greater emotional resilience, and interact with life’s circumstances with clarity, openness, & HEART.
The feeling of helplessness can be the most debilitating experience. In a safe nurturing space, you are gently guided to take a proactive role in your healing process, experience self-efficacy, build resilience & reclaim HOPE. We offer Integrative Somatic Therapy Practice (ISTP) incorporating gentle Yoga, Mindfulness, Breathwork, Bodywork, Ceremony, Somatic & Body Oriented Processing. Centering on this organic process of healing trauma, individuals are guided to gently release body-stored trauma, experience self-efficacy, gain greater emotional resilience, and interact with life’s circumstances with clarity, openness, & HEART.
(450) 977-7890 View (450) 977-7890
Photo of Ana Ferrari - Integrative Somatic Therapy Practice - PTSD Trauma, MA, RCC, Counsellor
Integrative Somatic Therapy Practice - PTSD Trauma
Counsellor, MA, RCC
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
New Westminster, BC V3M
Welcome! I am a Registered Clinical Counsellor with BCACC in private practice. I bring over 16 years of extensive experience in the mental health and personal growth fields. I practice from a trauma-informed lens to provide a warm and welcoming space. I work with adults, groups and facilitate workshops for individuals dealing with trauma, anxiety, low-mood or depression, relationship challenges, grief and loss. I also provide therapy for pain and stress management particularly after an accident or trauma. I offer mentoring and intuitive life coaching. I provide counselling in English and Spanish.
Welcome! I am a Registered Clinical Counsellor with BCACC in private practice. I bring over 16 years of extensive experience in the mental health and personal growth fields. I practice from a trauma-informed lens to provide a warm and welcoming space. I work with adults, groups and facilitate workshops for individuals dealing with trauma, anxiety, low-mood or depression, relationship challenges, grief and loss. I also provide therapy for pain and stress management particularly after an accident or trauma. I offer mentoring and intuitive life coaching. I provide counselling in English and Spanish.
(778) 401-9571 View (778) 401-9571
Photo of Amanda Dewar - Strength Counselling Services, MEd, RCC, CCC, RSW, RP, Counsellor
Strength Counselling Services
Counsellor, MEd, RCC, CCC, RSW, RP
Verified Verified
New Westminster, BC V3M  (Online Only)
We are an online counselling agency so do not provide services in person. Strength Counselling Services has licensed, experienced therapists who use evidence-based practices, prioritize client needs, and maintain ethical standards. We offer culturally sensitive, affordable services in a supportive environment. We offer a comprehensive goals assessment, regularly assess progress, and collaborate with other professionals. We provide transparency in our fees and for thirteen years now have held a positive reputation of trust, and client success. Lastly, ensuring our clients' privacy and confidentiality are of utmost importance to us.
We are an online counselling agency so do not provide services in person. Strength Counselling Services has licensed, experienced therapists who use evidence-based practices, prioritize client needs, and maintain ethical standards. We offer culturally sensitive, affordable services in a supportive environment. We offer a comprehensive goals assessment, regularly assess progress, and collaborate with other professionals. We provide transparency in our fees and for thirteen years now have held a positive reputation of trust, and client success. Lastly, ensuring our clients' privacy and confidentiality are of utmost importance to us.
(867) 670-9708 View (867) 670-9708
Photo of Laura Bradley - Steadfast Counselling, MTC, RCS, RPC, Counsellor
Steadfast Counselling
Counsellor, MTC, RCS, RPC
Verified Verified
New Westminster, BC V3M
We are a group of experienced counsellors dedicated to supporting our clients to live a life that matters to them. We understand that many people seek counselling during a difficult time or in the midst of a crisis. We’re here for you. Giving you a safe place to understand, explore as well as make the changes that feel right to you.
We are a group of experienced counsellors dedicated to supporting our clients to live a life that matters to them. We understand that many people seek counselling during a difficult time or in the midst of a crisis. We’re here for you. Giving you a safe place to understand, explore as well as make the changes that feel right to you.
(587) 207-4795 View (587) 207-4795
Photo of Ratha Chek - Integrative Somatic Therapy Practice, Nanoose Bay, RCC, MC, CYT, Counsellor
Integrative Somatic Therapy Practice, Nanoose Bay
Counsellor, RCC, MC, CYT
Verified Verified
19 Endorsed
New Westminster, BC V3M
Are you having trouble sleeping? Feeling anxious and experiencing pained body & sadness that wont go away? Trauma can lead one's body to develop a sense of hyper-vigilance. This is when one becomes continually tensed, as though the body is “braced” awaiting threats to happen. Ongoing patterns of stress & tension can manifest as chronic pain/fatigue, digestive issues, hormonal imbalances, PTSD-anxiety, insomnia, sexual and/or immune system dysfunctions. The intention of Somatic Therapy is to enhance your capacity to self heal by freeing the body, breath & energy flow through the practice of self awareness and self-compassion.
Are you having trouble sleeping? Feeling anxious and experiencing pained body & sadness that wont go away? Trauma can lead one's body to develop a sense of hyper-vigilance. This is when one becomes continually tensed, as though the body is “braced” awaiting threats to happen. Ongoing patterns of stress & tension can manifest as chronic pain/fatigue, digestive issues, hormonal imbalances, PTSD-anxiety, insomnia, sexual and/or immune system dysfunctions. The intention of Somatic Therapy is to enhance your capacity to self heal by freeing the body, breath & energy flow through the practice of self awareness and self-compassion.
(604) 229-2862 View (604) 229-2862
Photo of Bal Khaira - Wellness Now Consulting, MC, RCC, Counsellor
Wellness Now Consulting
Counsellor, MC, RCC
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
New Westminster, BC V3M
As a Registered Clinical Counsellor with the BCACC, I work with individuals who have a wide range of needs but are all working towards a common goal - developing a deeper understanding of themselves. I have experience working with both adolescents & adults who are overcoming various obstacles - from depression and anxiety, to trauma and grief, to vocational and relationship issues. Whatever the situation they are facing, I truly view all clients as resilient individuals who can recover and thrive from such difficult life experiences.
As a Registered Clinical Counsellor with the BCACC, I work with individuals who have a wide range of needs but are all working towards a common goal - developing a deeper understanding of themselves. I have experience working with both adolescents & adults who are overcoming various obstacles - from depression and anxiety, to trauma and grief, to vocational and relationship issues. Whatever the situation they are facing, I truly view all clients as resilient individuals who can recover and thrive from such difficult life experiences.
(604) 332-1850 View (604) 332-1850
Photo of Julie Chang, RCC, Counsellor
Julie Chang
Counsellor, RCC
Verified Verified
New Westminster, BC V3L
Welcome to the first step of your journey to flourishing mental health with me. I look forward to supporting you while you explore, reflect, and find the ideal self you would like to become psychologically, physically, and spiritually. I believe in a world where people achieve flourishing mental health. To do so, I am helping individuals such as yourself one at a time to gain more control of their lives and to become versions of themselves they envision. I promise to try my best to treat you with absolute worth, to respect your autonomy, and to give you the therapy experience you want using Directing, Following, or Guiding Style.
Welcome to the first step of your journey to flourishing mental health with me. I look forward to supporting you while you explore, reflect, and find the ideal self you would like to become psychologically, physically, and spiritually. I believe in a world where people achieve flourishing mental health. To do so, I am helping individuals such as yourself one at a time to gain more control of their lives and to become versions of themselves they envision. I promise to try my best to treat you with absolute worth, to respect your autonomy, and to give you the therapy experience you want using Directing, Following, or Guiding Style.
(514) 700-5623 View (514) 700-5623

More Therapists Nearby

Photo of Serena Graf, MA, RCC, CCC, Counsellor
Serena Graf
Counsellor, MA, RCC, CCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Surrey, BC V3S  (Online Only)
I specialize in concussion, or mild traumatic brain injury rehabilitation.
I work with clients who have experienced a life changing physical or psychological injury, or are struggling to find themselves after trauma or loss. I often hear clients say they, "just want to get back to normal," even though they struggle to know what "normal" could look like moving forward. They know how they want to feel, but are unsure of how to trust themselves as they navigate recovery, and are often uncertain about what their prognosis is. I provide support for navigating the complexities of injury rehabilitation, life transitions, return to work planning, and a space to debrief the emotions that come with this process.
I specialize in concussion, or mild traumatic brain injury rehabilitation.
I work with clients who have experienced a life changing physical or psychological injury, or are struggling to find themselves after trauma or loss. I often hear clients say they, "just want to get back to normal," even though they struggle to know what "normal" could look like moving forward. They know how they want to feel, but are unsure of how to trust themselves as they navigate recovery, and are often uncertain about what their prognosis is. I provide support for navigating the complexities of injury rehabilitation, life transitions, return to work planning, and a space to debrief the emotions that come with this process.
(587) 906-8983 View (587) 906-8983
Photo of Husain Vahanvaty, MA, RCC, Counsellor
Husain Vahanvaty
Counsellor, MA, RCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Coquitlam, BC V3B
Husain is a trauma focused and strength based Registered Clinical Counselor (RCC). Husain has experience working with adults, children & youth. Husain provides individual, specific, trauma focused and anti-oppressive care for anxiety and depression disorders, mood disorders, grief, brain injuries ( TBI and spinal injury), relationship issues, substance misuse and bipolar disorders. Husain also has a special focus on PTSD or C-PTSD folks. Complex health presentations that include suicidal ideation and self-harm are welcome. Husain provides counselling to victims of assault and/or injury. This includes ICBC or CVAP clients.
Husain is a trauma focused and strength based Registered Clinical Counselor (RCC). Husain has experience working with adults, children & youth. Husain provides individual, specific, trauma focused and anti-oppressive care for anxiety and depression disorders, mood disorders, grief, brain injuries ( TBI and spinal injury), relationship issues, substance misuse and bipolar disorders. Husain also has a special focus on PTSD or C-PTSD folks. Complex health presentations that include suicidal ideation and self-harm are welcome. Husain provides counselling to victims of assault and/or injury. This includes ICBC or CVAP clients.
(548) 490-2958 View (548) 490-2958
Photo of Kelsey Harris, MA, RCC, Counsellor
Kelsey Harris
Counsellor, MA, RCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Vancouver, BC V5Z
Hello! My name is Kelsey Harris and I'm a Registered Clinical Counsellor with the BC Association of Clinical Counsellors. I have a Master of Arts in Counselling Psychology from Yorkville University. I specialize in working with clients with chronic pain, chronic illness including cancer, and traumatic brain injury/post-concussion, as well as pre/postpartum mental health. I believe that we can all have hope and answers for bettering our lives as we work through these life-changing issues.
Hello! My name is Kelsey Harris and I'm a Registered Clinical Counsellor with the BC Association of Clinical Counsellors. I have a Master of Arts in Counselling Psychology from Yorkville University. I specialize in working with clients with chronic pain, chronic illness including cancer, and traumatic brain injury/post-concussion, as well as pre/postpartum mental health. I believe that we can all have hope and answers for bettering our lives as we work through these life-changing issues.
(249) 496-3056 View (249) 496-3056
Photo of Andrea Araujo, PhD, RPsych, BCN, Psychologist
Andrea Araujo
Psychologist, PhD, RPsych, BCN
Verified Verified
Vancouver, BC V5N
Waitlist for new clients
Dr. Araujo is a registered psychologist in BC, and BCIA Board Certified in Neurofeedback. She provides psychological and QEEG assessments and neurotherapy services for her clients. Her goal is to identify strengths, areas of dysfunction and improve mental health using neurofeedback as a treatment modality. She specializes in ADHD, anxiety, autism, concussion/mild traumatic brain injury, depression, memory loss, PTSD/trauma, and sleep problems in adults and children. Neurofeedback and biofeedback can also be used to improve peak performance, meditation, heart rate variability, and lessen pain and inflammation in the brain.
Dr. Araujo is a registered psychologist in BC, and BCIA Board Certified in Neurofeedback. She provides psychological and QEEG assessments and neurotherapy services for her clients. Her goal is to identify strengths, areas of dysfunction and improve mental health using neurofeedback as a treatment modality. She specializes in ADHD, anxiety, autism, concussion/mild traumatic brain injury, depression, memory loss, PTSD/trauma, and sleep problems in adults and children. Neurofeedback and biofeedback can also be used to improve peak performance, meditation, heart rate variability, and lessen pain and inflammation in the brain.
(778) 719-5660 View (778) 719-5660
Photo of Claire (Junjie) Zhang, MBA, MACP, RCC, Counsellor
Claire (Junjie) Zhang
Counsellor, MBA, MACP, RCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Burnaby, BC V5H
Hi, I am Claire, a life coach, yin yoga teacher and Registered Clinical Counsellor. I enjoy helping people identify and achieve their personal goals by coping with the issues causing them anxiety and stress. I offer online, in-person, email and walk&talk, EMDR, HypnoReiki - Energy Healing therapy, and workshops. I work with a wide range of clients: level-up, multicultural, dating, relationships, sports performance, traumatic brain injury, business owners, financial issues and career counselling. I look forward to collaborating with clients to find the best route to promote their growth.
Hi, I am Claire, a life coach, yin yoga teacher and Registered Clinical Counsellor. I enjoy helping people identify and achieve their personal goals by coping with the issues causing them anxiety and stress. I offer online, in-person, email and walk&talk, EMDR, HypnoReiki - Energy Healing therapy, and workshops. I work with a wide range of clients: level-up, multicultural, dating, relationships, sports performance, traumatic brain injury, business owners, financial issues and career counselling. I look forward to collaborating with clients to find the best route to promote their growth.
(873) 502-4155 View (873) 502-4155
Photo of Iris Sharir, PhD, RPsych, Psychologist
Iris Sharir
Psychologist, PhD, RPsych
Verified Verified
Vancouver, BC V5Z
It can be difficult to reach out and start therapy. It is important to find a psychologist who is warm and supportive and also has the training and experience to help you understand and resolve your difficulties. I have been a Registered Psychologist for almost twenty years. I have worked with teens and adults to address a variety of issues, including depression, anxiety, trauma, stress, anger, chronic pain, and the sequalae from traumatic brain injury. We will work together so that you can fully understand the nature of your symptoms, focus on your strengths, and learn new tools to address the problems that you are experiencing.
It can be difficult to reach out and start therapy. It is important to find a psychologist who is warm and supportive and also has the training and experience to help you understand and resolve your difficulties. I have been a Registered Psychologist for almost twenty years. I have worked with teens and adults to address a variety of issues, including depression, anxiety, trauma, stress, anger, chronic pain, and the sequalae from traumatic brain injury. We will work together so that you can fully understand the nature of your symptoms, focus on your strengths, and learn new tools to address the problems that you are experiencing.
(343) 342-0294 View (343) 342-0294
Photo of Carl Laird Birmingham - C. Laird Birmingham MD, MD, MHSc, FRCPC, FACP, FAED
C. Laird Birmingham MD
MD, MHSc, FRCPC, FACP, FAED
Verified Verified
Vancouver, BC V6A
If you suffer from insomnia, mood or behaviour disorders, concussion, or memory loss, I can usually help. Book online a one hour history taking and LORETA brain assessment (low resolution electromagnetic tomography - i.e. 3D electrical imaging) that we will review together. I will send your a typed consult. Most problems can be treated with 10 sessions of 40 minutes of brain training, vagus nerve stimulation, counselling, and occasionally Transcranial Electrical Stimulation. Most people require only 10 treatment sessions by me, so my treatment is usually faster and less expensive.
If you suffer from insomnia, mood or behaviour disorders, concussion, or memory loss, I can usually help. Book online a one hour history taking and LORETA brain assessment (low resolution electromagnetic tomography - i.e. 3D electrical imaging) that we will review together. I will send your a typed consult. Most problems can be treated with 10 sessions of 40 minutes of brain training, vagus nerve stimulation, counselling, and occasionally Transcranial Electrical Stimulation. Most people require only 10 treatment sessions by me, so my treatment is usually faster and less expensive.
(604) 757-4380 View (604) 757-4380
Photo of Bronwyn von Niessen - Inner Balance; Bronwyn von Niessen, RCC, CCC, CHT, Counsellor
Inner Balance; Bronwyn von Niessen
Counsellor, RCC, CCC, CHT
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Vancouver, BC V5K
Hi! My name is Bronwyn. I'm a psychotherapist, hypnotherapist, and energy healer. I offer a range of services from science-backed neurotherapies to traditional energetic and metaphysical healing practices. In-office, and virtual options available. Home visits may also be approved.
Hi! My name is Bronwyn. I'm a psychotherapist, hypnotherapist, and energy healer. I offer a range of services from science-backed neurotherapies to traditional energetic and metaphysical healing practices. In-office, and virtual options available. Home visits may also be approved.
(506) 804-9607 View (506) 804-9607
Photo of Coral-Lynn Rubino, BCYC, MACP, CCC, Counsellor
Coral-Lynn Rubino
Counsellor, BCYC, MACP, CCC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Vancouver, BC V5K  (Online Only)
There is a saying that is very true and I believe that most people need to hear it. "It's okay to not be okay;" Everyone has their own challenges and struggles in life. I have been able to gain valuable experience working with anxiety, depression, and mood disorders. I have experience using modalities such as Cognitive-Behavioural Therapy (CBT), Dialectical-Behavioural Therapy (DBT), Narrative Therapy, Acceptance-Commitment Therapy (ACT), and Motivational Interviewing (MI). These modalities work with many challenges and struggles, meaning there is no right or wrong modality.
There is a saying that is very true and I believe that most people need to hear it. "It's okay to not be okay;" Everyone has their own challenges and struggles in life. I have been able to gain valuable experience working with anxiety, depression, and mood disorders. I have experience using modalities such as Cognitive-Behavioural Therapy (CBT), Dialectical-Behavioural Therapy (DBT), Narrative Therapy, Acceptance-Commitment Therapy (ACT), and Motivational Interviewing (MI). These modalities work with many challenges and struggles, meaning there is no right or wrong modality.
(587) 816-6418 View (587) 816-6418
Photo of Zara Dureno, MOT, BA, Occupational Therapist
Zara Dureno
Occupational Therapist, MOT, BA
Verified Verified
Surrey, BC V3V  (Online Only)
Hello! I am so glad you found my profile, thank you for seeking help and for being here. If you are having difficulty with chronic pain, a long-standing illness, post-concussion syndrome or mental health then you have come to the right place. I would be very honoured to assist you on your healing journey with practical tools and strategies to help you recover and manage your symptoms. We can use the tools of neurofeedback, cognitive rehabilitation or traditional therapies (CBT/DBT/ACT/Polyvagal Theory/Somatics) to help you feel like your best self again. We can rewire our brains and I want to support you in this!
Hello! I am so glad you found my profile, thank you for seeking help and for being here. If you are having difficulty with chronic pain, a long-standing illness, post-concussion syndrome or mental health then you have come to the right place. I would be very honoured to assist you on your healing journey with practical tools and strategies to help you recover and manage your symptoms. We can use the tools of neurofeedback, cognitive rehabilitation or traditional therapies (CBT/DBT/ACT/Polyvagal Theory/Somatics) to help you feel like your best self again. We can rewire our brains and I want to support you in this!
(902) 907-0604 View (902) 907-0604
Photo of Rishu Suri, MA, RCC, Counsellor
Rishu Suri
Counsellor, MA, RCC
Verified Verified
Surrey, BC V3V
I provide short-term counselling and long-term psychotherapy to people from all walks of life and consider it a privilege to participate in their journey of healing, discovery, growth, and empowerment. I believe in tailoring my approach to each client's concerns and goals, by using a collaborative approach. The foundation of therapeutic change is grounded in the relationship between a client and their therapist. I make use of approaches that are evidence-based and tailored to the specific needs of my clients and their presenting concerns.
I provide short-term counselling and long-term psychotherapy to people from all walks of life and consider it a privilege to participate in their journey of healing, discovery, growth, and empowerment. I believe in tailoring my approach to each client's concerns and goals, by using a collaborative approach. The foundation of therapeutic change is grounded in the relationship between a client and their therapist. I make use of approaches that are evidence-based and tailored to the specific needs of my clients and their presenting concerns.
(450) 987-2092 View (450) 987-2092
Photo of Dorothy Hyslop - Dorothy Hyslop & Associates Counselling, MEd, RCC, Counsellor
Dorothy Hyslop & Associates Counselling
Counsellor, MEd, RCC
Verified Verified
Port Coquitlam, BC V3C
In my counselling practice, I work with individuals and their families who have experienced trauma and live with grief, loss, anxiety and depression. Additionally I work with Individuals with significant issues stemming from PTSD, brain trauma and other catastrophic injuries. I also work with individuals with developmental challenges and autism who require support with acquiring life and social skills such as anger management, sexual safety and establishing positive social connections. I work with my clients to help build tools and strategies for managing their daily life as well developing positive coping mechanisms.
In my counselling practice, I work with individuals and their families who have experienced trauma and live with grief, loss, anxiety and depression. Additionally I work with Individuals with significant issues stemming from PTSD, brain trauma and other catastrophic injuries. I also work with individuals with developmental challenges and autism who require support with acquiring life and social skills such as anger management, sexual safety and establishing positive social connections. I work with my clients to help build tools and strategies for managing their daily life as well developing positive coping mechanisms.
(587) 602-2175 View (587) 602-2175
Photo of Amanda MacIntyre, RCC, MA, BSc, Counsellor
Amanda MacIntyre
Counsellor, RCC, MA, BSc
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Vancouver, BC V5K
Your current circumstances don't dictate where you'll end up. They serve as a starting point for change. We all have the potential to move forward, sometimes having support is the key to getting there. My counselling approach is collaborative and straightforward with a touch of humour. Using a blend of your personal experiences and life context with evidence-based practices such as eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR), dialectical behaviour therapy (DBT), cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) and family systems we pinpoint your strengths and build positive coping skills to help you reach your goals.
Your current circumstances don't dictate where you'll end up. They serve as a starting point for change. We all have the potential to move forward, sometimes having support is the key to getting there. My counselling approach is collaborative and straightforward with a touch of humour. Using a blend of your personal experiences and life context with evidence-based practices such as eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR), dialectical behaviour therapy (DBT), cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) and family systems we pinpoint your strengths and build positive coping skills to help you reach your goals.
(431) 400-9471 View (431) 400-9471

See more therapy options for New Westminster

Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) Counsellors

When should someone seek treatment for a traumatic brain injury?

People should seek a diagnosis and treatment after a head injury, especially if they were unconscious, and an early diagnosis can lead to a better recovery. Signs of a concussion include headaches, nausea or vomiting, exhaustion, dizziness, vision problems, sensitivity to light and sound, problems with attention and memory, brain fog, unusual irritability or sadness, and unusual sleep patterns.

What’s the most common treatment for a traumatic brain injury?

Treatment for a traumatic brain injury will be different depending on the severity of the problem. For mild injuries, treatment may involve rest and over-the-counter pain or headache medication. For moderate or severe injuries, treatment may involve stabilisation, medication, and rehabilitative therapies such as physical therapy, occupational therapy, speech therapy, cognitive therapy, and counselling.

How long does it take to recover from traumatic brain injury?

The recovery time for a traumatic brain injury depends on the individual and the severity and nature of the injury; the length of time spent unconscious is often an indicator of severity. Recovery time for mild injuries may be a week or two while recovery time for more severe injuries may be six months to two years. Research suggests that the vast majority of recovery occurs in the first two years after an injury; recovery after that time frame is less certain.

What if a traumatic brain injury is left untreated?

If a traumatic brain injury is left untreated, it can lead to long-term physical and mental health problems. Physical problems may include dizziness, headaches, vision, healing, or speech loss, and an elevated risk of dementia. Psychological problems may include impairments of memory, judgment, and decision-making, depression, aggression, poor impulse control, and personality changes.