Counselling in Connolly, WA

Photo of Andrea Walmsley - Andrea Walmsley Counselling, MC, ACA-L2, Counsellor
Andrea Walmsley Counselling
Counsellor, MC, ACA-L2
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Connolly, WA 6027
My ideal client faces issues like stress, anxiety, depression, relationship challenges, or career transitions. They are women, men, and teenagers from 15+ years of age who need a safe space to express themselves, gain insights, and develop coping strategies. Their goal is improved well-being, clarity, fulfillment, and purpose. They seek a counsellor who offers empathy, guidance, and empowerment. Through counselling, they aim for self-discovery, personal growth, and a greater sense of satisfaction in life.
My ideal client faces issues like stress, anxiety, depression, relationship challenges, or career transitions. They are women, men, and teenagers from 15+ years of age who need a safe space to express themselves, gain insights, and develop coping strategies. Their goal is improved well-being, clarity, fulfillment, and purpose. They seek a counsellor who offers empathy, guidance, and empowerment. Through counselling, they aim for self-discovery, personal growth, and a greater sense of satisfaction in life.
(08) 6206 8669 View (08) 6206 8669
Photo of Julie Jamieson, ACA-L3, Counsellor
Julie Jamieson
Counsellor, ACA-L3
Verified Verified
Connolly, WA 6027
Facing trauma, anxiety, or feeling lost? You seek understanding, relief, and a path to healing. Your goal is to find peace, regain control, and build fulfilling connections. You're not alone. With a blend of compassion, professional experience and evidence-based therapies, I'm here to guide your journey to healing, growth, resilience and an improved quality of life. If you're ready for change and to live your fullest life, let's book your first session. Together, we'll navigate your path to recovery and happiness. You can start your transformation today.
Facing trauma, anxiety, or feeling lost? You seek understanding, relief, and a path to healing. Your goal is to find peace, regain control, and build fulfilling connections. You're not alone. With a blend of compassion, professional experience and evidence-based therapies, I'm here to guide your journey to healing, growth, resilience and an improved quality of life. If you're ready for change and to live your fullest life, let's book your first session. Together, we'll navigate your path to recovery and happiness. You can start your transformation today.
(08) 6219 3941 View (08) 6219 3941
Photo of Yvette Kriel - Better Life Counsellors and Psychotherapists, ACA-L2, Psychotherapist
Better Life Counsellors and Psychotherapists
Psychotherapist, ACA-L2
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Connolly, WA 6027
Does your life sometimes feel overwhelming, and does that lead you to feel anxious or depressed, as if you just can't cope? Do you have difficulties maintaining close relationships, or are you experiencing the trauma of adultery and betrayal in your marriage? Perhaps you have personal trauma you need to deal with in order to bring healing and move forward. The purpose of my work is to assist you in overcoming marriage problems, dealing with the raw emotions associated with betrayal, and providing you with the tools necessary for a successful marriage. Both individuals and couples are welcome to contact me.
Does your life sometimes feel overwhelming, and does that lead you to feel anxious or depressed, as if you just can't cope? Do you have difficulties maintaining close relationships, or are you experiencing the trauma of adultery and betrayal in your marriage? Perhaps you have personal trauma you need to deal with in order to bring healing and move forward. The purpose of my work is to assist you in overcoming marriage problems, dealing with the raw emotions associated with betrayal, and providing you with the tools necessary for a successful marriage. Both individuals and couples are welcome to contact me.
(08) 9329 3397 View (08) 9329 3397

More Therapists Nearby

Photo of Trina Marie Michailidis, PsyBA General, Psychologist
Trina Marie Michailidis
Psychologist, PsyBA General
Verified Verified
Woodvale, WA 6026
I have been working in a professional, caring and sensitive way with individuals and families in private practice (and in their homes) for over twenty years treating a variety of complex mental health issues including stress, anxiety, depression, anger management, AD/HD, autism and women's issues. I have also been delivering the Parenting Together Program (PTP) into homes for over 15 years. PTP is an individualized early intervention program designed for 3-8 years to reduce child non-compliance and improve a secure child-parent attachment to promote and enhance positive long term social/emotional and behavioural outcomes.
I have been working in a professional, caring and sensitive way with individuals and families in private practice (and in their homes) for over twenty years treating a variety of complex mental health issues including stress, anxiety, depression, anger management, AD/HD, autism and women's issues. I have also been delivering the Parenting Together Program (PTP) into homes for over 15 years. PTP is an individualized early intervention program designed for 3-8 years to reduce child non-compliance and improve a secure child-parent attachment to promote and enhance positive long term social/emotional and behavioural outcomes.
(08) 7078 7655 View (08) 7078 7655
Photo of Renn Cheah, MPsych, PsyBA Endorsed, Psychologist
Renn Cheah
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA Endorsed
Verified Verified
Hillarys, WA 6025
Do you find yourself stuck in that same unhealthy loop in life? Are you constantly distressed by "old stuff" and can't seem to free yourself from them? Do you feel embarrassed to talk to just any therapist about your issues? If you're ready to take the next step, I am happy to support you through this new chapter in your life. I believe you are the master of you and I am privileged to be the catalyst to the change that you are looking for.
Do you find yourself stuck in that same unhealthy loop in life? Are you constantly distressed by "old stuff" and can't seem to free yourself from them? Do you feel embarrassed to talk to just any therapist about your issues? If you're ready to take the next step, I am happy to support you through this new chapter in your life. I believe you are the master of you and I am privileged to be the catalyst to the change that you are looking for.
(08) 9468 7262 View (08) 9468 7262
Photo of Joy Curran - Aligned Living, ACA-L2, Counsellor
Aligned Living
Counsellor, ACA-L2
Verified Verified
Joondalup, WA 6027
Do you love animals/nature? Want to deepen/strengthen relationships and experience intimacy? Tired of feeling pressured or restricted and unable to do what you want? Want to use your voice? Learn how to make decisions and take control of your life! Do people say you are too sensitive? Feel like something's missing from your life? If you experience PTSD, Anxiety, Depression, Trauma, are a Sexual Abuse Survivor or just feel like something is holding you back we can help. Deepen or explore your spirituality; find healing, confidence and freedom, as you connect with our horses. Be supported to give & receive love again.
Do you love animals/nature? Want to deepen/strengthen relationships and experience intimacy? Tired of feeling pressured or restricted and unable to do what you want? Want to use your voice? Learn how to make decisions and take control of your life! Do people say you are too sensitive? Feel like something's missing from your life? If you experience PTSD, Anxiety, Depression, Trauma, are a Sexual Abuse Survivor or just feel like something is holding you back we can help. Deepen or explore your spirituality; find healing, confidence and freedom, as you connect with our horses. Be supported to give & receive love again.
(08) 9316 6898 View (08) 9316 6898
Photo of Vanessa Maree Lewis - Life Journey Therapuetic Services, MC, ACA-L2, Counsellor
Life Journey Therapuetic Services
Counsellor, MC, ACA-L2
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Joondalup, WA 6027
Holding a Masters degree in Counselling practice as well as being a qualified teacher, Vanessa is well-placed to engage every client in a manner that embraces their individual strengths and interests while identifying and working toward meeting one’s emotional and psychological needs. Vanessa meets every individual wherever they may find themselves upon their life journey and works alongside clients, supporting them as they move toward discovering and embracing their full potential.
Holding a Masters degree in Counselling practice as well as being a qualified teacher, Vanessa is well-placed to engage every client in a manner that embraces their individual strengths and interests while identifying and working toward meeting one’s emotional and psychological needs. Vanessa meets every individual wherever they may find themselves upon their life journey and works alongside clients, supporting them as they move toward discovering and embracing their full potential.
(08) 6206 8272 View (08) 6206 8272
Photo of Anita Blackwell, PACFA, Counsellor
Anita Blackwell
Counsellor, PACFA
Verified Verified
Craigie, WA 6025
I have been working in this space for over 15 years, predominately with adults who struggle with knowing what type of relationship they want with self and/or others. Part of your journey is understanding what outcomes are most suited to you and your unique circumstance, be it change, growth and development, or to dissolve a relationship or to assist in making a key decision moving forward. The techniques used will assist in finding what is needed to feel more secure within self, or in a relationship and works to differentiate those individual needs, creating a more secure attachment. If this resonates with you, book in a time.
I have been working in this space for over 15 years, predominately with adults who struggle with knowing what type of relationship they want with self and/or others. Part of your journey is understanding what outcomes are most suited to you and your unique circumstance, be it change, growth and development, or to dissolve a relationship or to assist in making a key decision moving forward. The techniques used will assist in finding what is needed to feel more secure within self, or in a relationship and works to differentiate those individual needs, creating a more secure attachment. If this resonates with you, book in a time.
(08) 9521 4195 View (08) 9521 4195
Photo of Dr Linda Mary Basson, PhD, PsyBA - Clin. Psych, Psychologist
Dr Linda Mary Basson
Psychologist, PhD, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Verified Verified
Joondalup, WA 6027
Waitlist for new clients
I have many years of private practice experience so I am able to address a wide variety of presentations.
I have many years of private practice experience so I am able to address a wide variety of presentations.
(08) 6219 3973 View (08) 6219 3973
Photo of Jennifer Wolff, MA, ACA-L2, Counsellor
Jennifer Wolff
Counsellor, MA, ACA-L2
Verified Verified
Joondalup, WA 6027
Hello and welcome! I'm Jen and I provide a safe, compassionate, non-judgemental space for you to explore your concerns with a warm, empathetic, client centred therapist. If you feel like you're treading water or drowning under life's pressures and you need some help, you've come to the right place. As a Master of Counselling qualified therapist, I incorporate a variety of evidence-based interventions and tailor therapy to your needs, preferences, and values. I help you understand underlying factors that are contributing to your current problems, develop new skills and strategies, make changes, and move towards healing and recovery.
Hello and welcome! I'm Jen and I provide a safe, compassionate, non-judgemental space for you to explore your concerns with a warm, empathetic, client centred therapist. If you feel like you're treading water or drowning under life's pressures and you need some help, you've come to the right place. As a Master of Counselling qualified therapist, I incorporate a variety of evidence-based interventions and tailor therapy to your needs, preferences, and values. I help you understand underlying factors that are contributing to your current problems, develop new skills and strategies, make changes, and move towards healing and recovery.
(08) 6206 8854 View (08) 6206 8854
Photo of Cindy Roberts, MA, PACFA, Counsellor
Cindy Roberts
Counsellor, MA, PACFA
Verified Verified
Joondalup, WA 6027
I help clients explore their problems and feelings about themselves and others in their lives. I specialise in working with issues such as communication problems, betrayal, anxiety, depression and stress, separation and parenting. Helping clients to empower themselves and find solutions to improve their relationships and their mental health is important as this has a positive knock-on effect in family systems.
I help clients explore their problems and feelings about themselves and others in their lives. I specialise in working with issues such as communication problems, betrayal, anxiety, depression and stress, separation and parenting. Helping clients to empower themselves and find solutions to improve their relationships and their mental health is important as this has a positive knock-on effect in family systems.
(08) 6493 7206 View (08) 6493 7206
Photo of Suzanne Herrity - Suzanne Herrity IFS & Somatic IFS, PACFA, Psychotherapist
Suzanne Herrity IFS & Somatic IFS
Psychotherapist, PACFA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Hillarys, WA 6025
I am a Psychotherapist and I offer IFS & Somatic IFS as the foundations of how I work. I have completed IFS Training Level 1 & 2 (special topic was Addiction and Eating Disorders) through the IFS Institute & Somatic IFS Training. I work with those who have experienced Trauma ,Anxiety, Depression, Chronic Illness & Autoimmune Concerns Eating Distress, Self Criticism,Migrants living away from home.
I am a Psychotherapist and I offer IFS & Somatic IFS as the foundations of how I work. I have completed IFS Training Level 1 & 2 (special topic was Addiction and Eating Disorders) through the IFS Institute & Somatic IFS Training. I work with those who have experienced Trauma ,Anxiety, Depression, Chronic Illness & Autoimmune Concerns Eating Distress, Self Criticism,Migrants living away from home.
(03) 8203 5366 View (03) 8203 5366
Photo of Amanda Maynard - Clear Health Psychology, PsyBA - Couns. Psych., Psychologist
Clear Health Psychology
Psychologist, PsyBA - Couns. Psych.
Verified Verified
Hillarys, WA 6025
Amanda focuses on creating a safe space where the client feels able to explore and make sense of their internal world and with new understanding create change in their life. She views therapeutic work as a partnership with the client, each working together to facilitate the client realising their goals.
Amanda focuses on creating a safe space where the client feels able to explore and make sense of their internal world and with new understanding create change in their life. She views therapeutic work as a partnership with the client, each working together to facilitate the client realising their goals.
(08) 6206 8905 View (08) 6206 8905
Ausculto Creative Art Therapies
Psychotherapist, PACFA
Verified Verified
Joondalup, WA 6027
Our small groups and individual art therapy sessions provide a safe and supportive environment for individuals to explore their emotions, gain insight, and foster personal growth. We understand the importance of finding the right therapist. Contact us for a free meet and greet to get a feel for the space, meet the therapist and gain an understanding of how engaging in creative therapy can improve your wellbeing.
Our small groups and individual art therapy sessions provide a safe and supportive environment for individuals to explore their emotions, gain insight, and foster personal growth. We understand the importance of finding the right therapist. Contact us for a free meet and greet to get a feel for the space, meet the therapist and gain an understanding of how engaging in creative therapy can improve your wellbeing.
(08) 6206 8944 View (08) 6206 8944
Photo of Nathanael Sobejko - Apex Online Counselling, MPsych, Counsellor
Apex Online Counselling
Counsellor, MPsych
Verified Verified
Joondalup, WA 6027  (Online Only)
I have always had a heart and passion for working alongside people experiencing difficulties in their mental health. I have completed a Master of Psychology (Professional) degree and have extensive experience supporting young people who have been through significant trauma and neglect. I have also worked within a school environment, engaging with young people and adults, applying a scientist practitioner approach to referrals. Whether it be children, adolescents, adults or older adults alike, I will work collaboratively to establish goals and facilitate recovery and mental wellbeing.
I have always had a heart and passion for working alongside people experiencing difficulties in their mental health. I have completed a Master of Psychology (Professional) degree and have extensive experience supporting young people who have been through significant trauma and neglect. I have also worked within a school environment, engaging with young people and adults, applying a scientist practitioner approach to referrals. Whether it be children, adolescents, adults or older adults alike, I will work collaboratively to establish goals and facilitate recovery and mental wellbeing.
View
Photo of Robert Cannella - Bright Spark Counselling, ACA-L1, Counsellor
Bright Spark Counselling
Counsellor, ACA-L1
Verified Verified
Joondalup, WA 6027
For over two decades, Rob has dedicated himself to actively supporting individuals through their diverse paths. From children embracing the nuances of Autism and ADHD to teenagers and adults figuring out where they fit in, Rob is there to offer assistance. His focus centres on ADHD and Autism, where he sheds light on youngsters' journeys as they discover their strengths, handle focus, and navigate social situations. For adults, Rob provides understanding on anxiety, depression, and finding balance in work and life, acknowledging the challenges of today's world.
For over two decades, Rob has dedicated himself to actively supporting individuals through their diverse paths. From children embracing the nuances of Autism and ADHD to teenagers and adults figuring out where they fit in, Rob is there to offer assistance. His focus centres on ADHD and Autism, where he sheds light on youngsters' journeys as they discover their strengths, handle focus, and navigate social situations. For adults, Rob provides understanding on anxiety, depression, and finding balance in work and life, acknowledging the challenges of today's world.
(08) 6206 8745 View (08) 6206 8745
Photo of Justine O'Malley - Justine O'Malley Counselling and Therapy Services, AMHSW, Counsellor
Justine O'Malley Counselling and Therapy Services
Counsellor, AMHSW
Verified Verified
Wanneroo, WA 6065
I have worked alongside children, young people, families and communities for the past 30 years. I integrate Social-emotional Learning Theory to help children and young people better understand their thoughts and emotions, and develop techniques to help them cope with life’s ups and downs. I work creatively with each child/young person through the use of play therapy, stories, games, art and a range of engaging activities to develop and support social and emotional skills within children/young people that can equip them with tools to deal with challenges in their life as well as achieve personal goals.
I have worked alongside children, young people, families and communities for the past 30 years. I integrate Social-emotional Learning Theory to help children and young people better understand their thoughts and emotions, and develop techniques to help them cope with life’s ups and downs. I work creatively with each child/young person through the use of play therapy, stories, games, art and a range of engaging activities to develop and support social and emotional skills within children/young people that can equip them with tools to deal with challenges in their life as well as achieve personal goals.
(08) 6219 3752 View (08) 6219 3752
Photo of Julie Hall, MA, ACA-L3, Counsellor
Julie Hall
Counsellor, MA, ACA-L3
Verified Verified
Joondalup, WA 6027  (Online Only)
As an Accredited Counsellor that has over 28+ years Counselling experience I offer a Confidential, caring space to work through any of your problems/concerns. You may have relationship issues, or loss, grief, anxiety/stress, trauma from the past, self esteem, life changes and so forth, we can explore this together at your own pace in Counselling. I also can offer to Employers - Monthly Supervisory Support Sessions for Staff or Managers working with 'trauma' this can help to reduce work stress and fatigue by processing feelings and impact in a Confidential Online Setting (Please contact for more info and fees on this service).
As an Accredited Counsellor that has over 28+ years Counselling experience I offer a Confidential, caring space to work through any of your problems/concerns. You may have relationship issues, or loss, grief, anxiety/stress, trauma from the past, self esteem, life changes and so forth, we can explore this together at your own pace in Counselling. I also can offer to Employers - Monthly Supervisory Support Sessions for Staff or Managers working with 'trauma' this can help to reduce work stress and fatigue by processing feelings and impact in a Confidential Online Setting (Please contact for more info and fees on this service).
(08) 6244 5885 View (08) 6244 5885
Photo of Catherine Broughton, ACA-L1, Counsellor
Catherine Broughton
Counsellor, ACA-L1
Verified Verified
Ocean Reef, WA 6027
Are you feeling overwhelmed by trauma, stress, or change in your life? Do you struggle with depression, anxiety, or low self-esteem? Do you want to improve your relationship with your partner, family, or children? If you answered yes to any of these questions, you are not alone. Many people face challenges and difficulties that affect their emotional well-being.
Are you feeling overwhelmed by trauma, stress, or change in your life? Do you struggle with depression, anxiety, or low self-esteem? Do you want to improve your relationship with your partner, family, or children? If you answered yes to any of these questions, you are not alone. Many people face challenges and difficulties that affect their emotional well-being.
(08) 6206 8932 View (08) 6206 8932
Photo of Rebecca Royle, CCAA Adv, Counsellor
Rebecca Royle
Counsellor, CCAA Adv
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Kingsley, WA 6026
Welcome to Arukah, where your well-being is priority. As a counsellor and family therapist, I focus on compassion and respect, addressing your physical, emotional, and spiritual needs. Whether you're navigating challenges alone, a married couple, teen, young adult, migrant or family, my aim is simple; to gently accompany you towards healing, recovery, and restoration. Here, the relationship between counsellor and client is vital. Taking a gentle, holistic approach, my commitment is to help you reach your goals and offer strategies, ensuring that your story is always empathically listened too. My goal is to empower and support you.
Welcome to Arukah, where your well-being is priority. As a counsellor and family therapist, I focus on compassion and respect, addressing your physical, emotional, and spiritual needs. Whether you're navigating challenges alone, a married couple, teen, young adult, migrant or family, my aim is simple; to gently accompany you towards healing, recovery, and restoration. Here, the relationship between counsellor and client is vital. Taking a gentle, holistic approach, my commitment is to help you reach your goals and offer strategies, ensuring that your story is always empathically listened too. My goal is to empower and support you.
(08) 6490 9069 View (08) 6490 9069

See more therapy options for Connolly

How does your Counsellor compare?

Number of Counsellors in Connolly, WA

< 10

Counsellors in Connolly, WA who prioritize treating:

100% Relationship Issues
100% Parenting
100% Coping Skills
100% Marital and Premarital
67% Depression
67% Anxiety
67% Life Coaching

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

100% Other
100% Bupa
100% CUA Health

How Counsellors in Connolly, WA see their clients

100% In Person and Online

Gender breakdown

100% Female
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling

How can I find a therapist in Connolly?

Search for nearby psychologists or counsellors by inputting your city, suburb, postcode, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postcode into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are members of the main professional associations, mainly the Australian Counselling Association and the Psychotherapy and Counselling Federation of Australia. Psychologists must be registered in the Australian Health Practitioner Regulation Agency (AHPRA). Most Social Workers listed in the directory are members of the Australian Association of Social Workers (AASW).

Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given that professional memberships are not a statutory requirement for social workers, psychotherapists and counsellors in Australia, certain qualified professionals or organisations may choose not to maintain such memberships despite possessing the necessary qualifications. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?

Counsellors, psychotherapists and psychologists can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and experience that enable them to do so in Australia.

Psychologists have earned a 4 year undergraduate degree in psychology and have completed a postgraduate internship or postgraduate degree. Psychotherapists generally have an undergraduate degree in a health related field in addition to 3-4 years of specialist training in psychotherapy and a period of personal psychotherapy. In order to belong to a professional organisation such as the ACA or PACFA, counsellors and psychotherapists are required to have completed a certain level of AQF qualifications and/ or an approved training course as well as clinical and supervision hours. Social Workers registered with the AASW are required to have a Bachelor’s or Master’s degree in Social Work from an accredited institution.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, the cost of a therapy session in Australia could be between $100 and $250. If you have private insurance, your plan may cover some if not all of your sessions. You should contact your insurance provider to determine if they provide coverage for therapy sessions and to determine what, if any, requirements they might have in order for your sessions to be covered, such as a referral from your GP or medical specialist.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. The Better Access Scheme is a government program offering Medicare rebates for mental health care. To access the program you will need to be assessed and diagnosed by your GP and get a Mental Health Plan. This will allow you to receive up to 10 individual sessions and 10 group sessions a year with practitioners who accept bulk billing, with no out of pocket costs for you.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postcode.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Therapists who are part of a professional organisation such as the ACA, PACFA, or the APS are bound by an ethical framework that requires them to uphold a confidentiality agreement. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there is the potential or known harm to the client or others or when a minor is in danger, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.