Counselling in Warburton, VIC

Photo of Aicha Brogan, MA, PACFA, Psychotherapist
Aicha Brogan
Psychotherapist, MA, PACFA
Verified Verified
Warburton, VIC 3799
My therapeutic style works at developing with you a safe, non-judgemental and inclusive space that allows for a growthful, supportive and dynamic therapeutic relationship. I have been a practising psychotherapist for many years in both private practice and for multiple organisations. My areas of specialty include working complex trauma, stress, anxiety, depression, general life struggle, ADHD. I work from the basis that the body has important messages to tell us when we listen closely enough, and my interventions include inviting you to notice your felt sense of your body and to pay attention to internal sensations and impulses.
My therapeutic style works at developing with you a safe, non-judgemental and inclusive space that allows for a growthful, supportive and dynamic therapeutic relationship. I have been a practising psychotherapist for many years in both private practice and for multiple organisations. My areas of specialty include working complex trauma, stress, anxiety, depression, general life struggle, ADHD. I work from the basis that the body has important messages to tell us when we listen closely enough, and my interventions include inviting you to notice your felt sense of your body and to pay attention to internal sensations and impulses.
(03) 5909 9324 View (03) 5909 9324
Photo of Chenai Mupotsa-Russell, MA, AThR, Psychotherapist
Chenai Mupotsa-Russell
Psychotherapist, MA, AThR
Verified Verified
Warburton, VIC 3799
Not accepting new clients
Chenai is a therapist living and working on Wurundjeri Land. She is Founder of Rainbow Muse which offers art therapy, peer support, psychology, play therapy, animal-assisted therapy and yoga. She is also the Founder of Tandara Pa Rainbow, a community-focused space for creativity, connection, culture and collective care. Chenai has a strong passion for working with minoritised people with an intersectional framework. In her therapeutic work she centres the needs of First Nations people, Black people, and People of Colour, LGBTQIA+, neurodivergent and disabled communities. She is also doing her PhD in Community Psychology
Chenai is a therapist living and working on Wurundjeri Land. She is Founder of Rainbow Muse which offers art therapy, peer support, psychology, play therapy, animal-assisted therapy and yoga. She is also the Founder of Tandara Pa Rainbow, a community-focused space for creativity, connection, culture and collective care. Chenai has a strong passion for working with minoritised people with an intersectional framework. In her therapeutic work she centres the needs of First Nations people, Black people, and People of Colour, LGBTQIA+, neurodivergent and disabled communities. She is also doing her PhD in Community Psychology
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Photo of Naomi Ween - Supportive Counselling, AMHSW, Counsellor
Supportive Counselling
Counsellor, AMHSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Warburton, VIC 3799  (Online Only)
My name is Naomi, and I'm an Accredited Mental Health Social Worker with a honest, kind, understanding, non judgemental approach. Listening to what you need help with and here to support you with life's challenges. Call me for a free 15 minute phone consultation now. Feeling stuck in old patterns that aren't helping anymore? And you're ready to change! With a narrative counselling style, I first listen to your story; how did you manage before, what are your strengths, what do you value in life? What is important to you in a relationship/friendship and what do you like about yourself? It will be a confidential space for you.
My name is Naomi, and I'm an Accredited Mental Health Social Worker with a honest, kind, understanding, non judgemental approach. Listening to what you need help with and here to support you with life's challenges. Call me for a free 15 minute phone consultation now. Feeling stuck in old patterns that aren't helping anymore? And you're ready to change! With a narrative counselling style, I first listen to your story; how did you manage before, what are your strengths, what do you value in life? What is important to you in a relationship/friendship and what do you like about yourself? It will be a confidential space for you.
(03) 5909 9981 View (03) 5909 9981
Photo of Miranda Rose - Evolving Door Counselling            Miranda Rose, PACFA, Counsellor
Evolving Door Counselling Miranda Rose
Counsellor, PACFA
Verified Verified
Warburton, VIC 3799
Are you feeling stuck and overwhelmed? Do you find yourself repeating patterns that no longer serve you? You are not alone. We all have times in our lives when we are called to change, to break out of deeply-rooted habits that have held us back. Counselling can help you to navigate transitions and the emotional storms these shifts often bring - to make sense of your experiences, gain clarity about your choices, and to feel heard and understood.
Are you feeling stuck and overwhelmed? Do you find yourself repeating patterns that no longer serve you? You are not alone. We all have times in our lives when we are called to change, to break out of deeply-rooted habits that have held us back. Counselling can help you to navigate transitions and the emotional storms these shifts often bring - to make sense of your experiences, gain clarity about your choices, and to feel heard and understood.
(03) 5910 7208 View (03) 5910 7208
Photo of Julia India Costello, MPsych, PsyBA - Clin. Psych, Psychologist
Julia India Costello
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Verified Verified
Warburton, VIC 3799
Not accepting new clients
Hi there, I provide evidence based Medicare approved therapies in a comfortable and private setting where you can feel safe and supported. We work at your pace. I have been working in private and government settings since 2006. I utilise a range of evidence-based therapeutic approaches including Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (CBT), Schema Therapy, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), Dialectical Behaviour Therapy (DBT) and Eye Movement Desensitisation and Reprocessing (EMDR). Any approach used is in consultation with the client based on their needs. Please call or email me to discuss charges and availability.
Hi there, I provide evidence based Medicare approved therapies in a comfortable and private setting where you can feel safe and supported. We work at your pace. I have been working in private and government settings since 2006. I utilise a range of evidence-based therapeutic approaches including Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (CBT), Schema Therapy, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), Dialectical Behaviour Therapy (DBT) and Eye Movement Desensitisation and Reprocessing (EMDR). Any approach used is in consultation with the client based on their needs. Please call or email me to discuss charges and availability.
(03) 5909 9848 View (03) 5909 9848
Photo of Elle Perry - Wildwoods Psychology, MPsych, PsyBA - Clin. Psych, Psychologist
Wildwoods Psychology
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Verified Verified
Warburton, VIC 3799  (Online Only)
Sometimes people experience a difficult patch in their lives and they need a safe and supportive space to talk things through. Other times it may be a more enduring difficulty where assessment, therapy, and ongoing support during recovery may be important. Every person is unique, as is their path to feeling mental well being.
Sometimes people experience a difficult patch in their lives and they need a safe and supportive space to talk things through. Other times it may be a more enduring difficulty where assessment, therapy, and ongoing support during recovery may be important. Every person is unique, as is their path to feeling mental well being.
(03) 5905 9972 View (03) 5905 9972

Online Therapists

Photo of Shelley Obst, PsychD, PsyBA General, Psychologist
Shelley Obst
Psychologist, PsychD, PsyBA General
Verified Verified
Carlton, VIC 3053
I am a clinical psychologist who works with teens and adult clients experiencing a variety of mental health difficulties. I enjoy working with individuals with obsessive compulsive disorder, mood disorders including depression, anxiety, panic and adjustment, women experiencing perinatal difficulties, life transition periods, perfectionism, older adults, trauma, and grief and loss.
I am a clinical psychologist who works with teens and adult clients experiencing a variety of mental health difficulties. I enjoy working with individuals with obsessive compulsive disorder, mood disorders including depression, anxiety, panic and adjustment, women experiencing perinatal difficulties, life transition periods, perfectionism, older adults, trauma, and grief and loss.
(03) 7003 2127 View (03) 7003 2127
Photo of Ash Ruskin, AMHSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Ash Ruskin
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, AMHSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Brunswick, VIC 3056
Ash (she/her) is an accredited social worker and therapist who works with young people and adults from diverse backgrounds and identities, practicing on unceded Wurundjeri country. She specialises in supporting people impacted by various life challenges and often works with people who have experienced anxiety, depression, childhood trauma, family violence, alcohol and drug issues, low self-esteem, suicidal ideation, relationship breakdowns and more. She also supports people navigating life transitions and people within the queer community.
Ash (she/her) is an accredited social worker and therapist who works with young people and adults from diverse backgrounds and identities, practicing on unceded Wurundjeri country. She specialises in supporting people impacted by various life challenges and often works with people who have experienced anxiety, depression, childhood trauma, family violence, alcohol and drug issues, low self-esteem, suicidal ideation, relationship breakdowns and more. She also supports people navigating life transitions and people within the queer community.
(03) 8338 1602 View (03) 8338 1602
Photo of Lisa Palmer, AMHSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Lisa Palmer
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, AMHSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Emerald, VIC 3782
Lisa Palmer is a Counsellor and Accredited Mental Health Social Worker (AMHSW) who provides a gentle and supportive approach to counselling. Lisa provides counselling to children, adolescents and adults who may be experiencing a range of difficulties including; depression, anxiety, stress, parent-child relationship difficulties, grief and loss, workplace issues, post natal depression, PTSD and complex trauma.
Lisa Palmer is a Counsellor and Accredited Mental Health Social Worker (AMHSW) who provides a gentle and supportive approach to counselling. Lisa provides counselling to children, adolescents and adults who may be experiencing a range of difficulties including; depression, anxiety, stress, parent-child relationship difficulties, grief and loss, workplace issues, post natal depression, PTSD and complex trauma.
(02) 4504 0327 View (02) 4504 0327
Photo of Gayatri Broota, MA
Gayatri Broota
MA
Verified Verified
Coburg, VIC 3058  (Online Only)
With a passion for understanding the intricacies of the human mind and behavior, I embarked on a journey in the field of psychology to make a positive impact on people's lives. Throughout my career, I have had the privilege of working with diverse clients, ranging from adolescents to adults, and addressing an array of psychological concerns. My therapeutic approach is integrative, drawing from evidence-based practices such as cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), psychodynamic therapy, and mindfulness-based techniques. My warm and non-judgmental demeanor creates a safe space where clients feel heard, valued, and respected.
With a passion for understanding the intricacies of the human mind and behavior, I embarked on a journey in the field of psychology to make a positive impact on people's lives. Throughout my career, I have had the privilege of working with diverse clients, ranging from adolescents to adults, and addressing an array of psychological concerns. My therapeutic approach is integrative, drawing from evidence-based practices such as cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), psychodynamic therapy, and mindfulness-based techniques. My warm and non-judgmental demeanor creates a safe space where clients feel heard, valued, and respected.
(03) 8338 1416 View (03) 8338 1416
Photo of Janis Ritchie - The May Clinic, MPsych, PsyBA General, Psychologist
The May Clinic
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA General
Verified Verified
Narre Warren, VIC 3805
I believe that therapy begins by learning about and understanding each individual client. I believe that the client-therapist relationship is paramount to effective therapy, and I approach therapy in an empathetic way with this in mind. I work hard to ensure my clients feel free to talk openly about their problems without judgement. I use evidence-based approaches, personalised to best suit each individual client. I am open and upfront with my clients and aim to walk beside them on their journey.
I believe that therapy begins by learning about and understanding each individual client. I believe that the client-therapist relationship is paramount to effective therapy, and I approach therapy in an empathetic way with this in mind. I work hard to ensure my clients feel free to talk openly about their problems without judgement. I use evidence-based approaches, personalised to best suit each individual client. I am open and upfront with my clients and aim to walk beside them on their journey.
(03) 8771 5207 View (03) 8771 5207
Photo of Michael Dods, MPsych, PsyBA Endorsed, Psychologist
Michael Dods
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA Endorsed
Verified Verified
Northcote, VIC 3070
I am a Clinical Psychologist and I like to help people know themselves more fully and in doing so; become more whole and live life more freely on their terms. I work with anyone no matter their group identity, but I have a special interest in working with men. I am trained/training in Intensive Short Term Dynamic Psychotherapy and have introductory training in a number of other modalities including Internal Family Systems and Psychedelic Assisted Psychotherapy.
I am a Clinical Psychologist and I like to help people know themselves more fully and in doing so; become more whole and live life more freely on their terms. I work with anyone no matter their group identity, but I have a special interest in working with men. I am trained/training in Intensive Short Term Dynamic Psychotherapy and have introductory training in a number of other modalities including Internal Family Systems and Psychedelic Assisted Psychotherapy.
(03) 7003 2393 View (03) 7003 2393
Photo of Ceara Nelson, MPsych, PsyBA - Clin. Psych, Psychologist
Ceara Nelson
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Verified Verified
Donvale, VIC 3111
I provide personalised evidence-based assessment and psychotherapy in a warm, collaborative and compassionate environment. I firmly believe that everyone has different goals for therapy and I tailor my approach to individual needs and preferences. I work with a wide range of mental health concerns such as anxiety and anxiety related disorders, depression, trauma, emotion regulation issues, relationship issues, grief and life transitions. I am experienced working with specific issues and mood disturbances that occur in the context of ASD and ADHD.
I provide personalised evidence-based assessment and psychotherapy in a warm, collaborative and compassionate environment. I firmly believe that everyone has different goals for therapy and I tailor my approach to individual needs and preferences. I work with a wide range of mental health concerns such as anxiety and anxiety related disorders, depression, trauma, emotion regulation issues, relationship issues, grief and life transitions. I am experienced working with specific issues and mood disturbances that occur in the context of ASD and ADHD.
(03) 7500 5332 View (03) 7500 5332
Photo of Toya Ricci, MA, Counsellor
Toya Ricci
Counsellor, MA
Verified Verified
Ascot Vale, VIC 3032
Toya (she/her) is an inclusive and culturally sensitive counsellor, sex therapist and sexuality educator with experience in supporting people from diverse backgrounds. Both as a professional and a woman of colour, Toya recognises that therapy can be a vulnerable and challenging process and seeks to create a safe and supportive environment for her clients to explore their concerns and experiences so that they can achieve meaningful outcomes.
Toya (she/her) is an inclusive and culturally sensitive counsellor, sex therapist and sexuality educator with experience in supporting people from diverse backgrounds. Both as a professional and a woman of colour, Toya recognises that therapy can be a vulnerable and challenging process and seeks to create a safe and supportive environment for her clients to explore their concerns and experiences so that they can achieve meaningful outcomes.
(03) 8595 5264 View (03) 8595 5264
Photo of Ilana Laps, MA, PACFA, Psychotherapist
Ilana Laps
Psychotherapist, MA, PACFA
Verified Verified
Elwood, VIC 3184
I am an experienced psychotherapist, counsellor and educator, with additional niche interests in non-duality and working therapeutically with dreams. I have 20 years of professional experience working with life's grief, bereavement and existential concerns, such as finding meaning after loss, being with and growing through traumatic events, and facing our own mortality.
I am an experienced psychotherapist, counsellor and educator, with additional niche interests in non-duality and working therapeutically with dreams. I have 20 years of professional experience working with life's grief, bereavement and existential concerns, such as finding meaning after loss, being with and growing through traumatic events, and facing our own mortality.
(03) 7003 2636 View (03) 7003 2636
Photo of Dr Anthony Mackie, PsychD, PsyBA - Clin. Psych, Psychologist
Dr Anthony Mackie
Psychologist, PsychD, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Verified Verified
South Yarra, VIC 3141
Welcome. Hospitality. Respect. Inclusion.
Welcome. Hospitality. Respect. Inclusion.
0401 655 898 View 0401 655 898
Photo of Romi Kupfer, ACA-L1, Counsellor
Romi Kupfer
Counsellor, ACA-L1
Verified Verified
Elsternwick, VIC 3185
Romi is a counsellor and art therapist who specialises in supporting children, adolescents, young adults and parents. She aims to support clients in managing their emotions, transition periods and other challenges, to be able to live a meaningful and fulfilling life. Through consultations, clients will explore how to express themselves through artmaking, offering tools for navigating their mental wellbeing. Clients are not required to identify as an 'artist' or 'creative' person, rather she uses her expert skills in creativity to support her clients.
Romi is a counsellor and art therapist who specialises in supporting children, adolescents, young adults and parents. She aims to support clients in managing their emotions, transition periods and other challenges, to be able to live a meaningful and fulfilling life. Through consultations, clients will explore how to express themselves through artmaking, offering tools for navigating their mental wellbeing. Clients are not required to identify as an 'artist' or 'creative' person, rather she uses her expert skills in creativity to support her clients.
0421 172 330 View 0421 172 330
Photo of Esther Ogilvie, MSc
Esther Ogilvie
MSc
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Carlton North, VIC 3054
Do you suffer from unprocessed trauma or feel stuck, anxious, depressed? Are you experiencing sex or gender identity issues, interpersonal struggles or emotional dysregulation? This includes relationships with fear, self-doubt, shame and guilt, and major life transitions. Through our sessions you will see a change in your nervous system and emotional regulation, self-awareness of patterns and behaviours, self-compassion and a larger vitality for life. I offer support for individuals and couples experiencing relationship challenges particularly ethical non monogamy and kink. Couples will experience a new found sense of understanding.
Do you suffer from unprocessed trauma or feel stuck, anxious, depressed? Are you experiencing sex or gender identity issues, interpersonal struggles or emotional dysregulation? This includes relationships with fear, self-doubt, shame and guilt, and major life transitions. Through our sessions you will see a change in your nervous system and emotional regulation, self-awareness of patterns and behaviours, self-compassion and a larger vitality for life. I offer support for individuals and couples experiencing relationship challenges particularly ethical non monogamy and kink. Couples will experience a new found sense of understanding.
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Photo of David Mackay, MPsych, PsyBA General, Psychologist
David Mackay
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA General
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Ascot Vale, VIC 3032  (Online Only)
○Accepting online clients○ . I work with Veterans, Tradies, and people who identify as LGBTQ. I like to help with a range of concerns from Stress and Burnout, to Trauma and OCD. I like to help people with processing trauma (PTSD), improving communication & relationships, and coping with anxiety and depression. I aim to help clients reach goals of self-empowerment so that they can feel in control of their lives.
○Accepting online clients○ . I work with Veterans, Tradies, and people who identify as LGBTQ. I like to help with a range of concerns from Stress and Burnout, to Trauma and OCD. I like to help people with processing trauma (PTSD), improving communication & relationships, and coping with anxiety and depression. I aim to help clients reach goals of self-empowerment so that they can feel in control of their lives.
(07) 3608 1085 View (07) 3608 1085
Photo of Dr Joshua Comyn, PhD, ACA-L3, Psychotherapist
Dr Joshua Comyn
Psychotherapist, PhD, ACA-L3
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Melbourne, VIC 3000  (Online Only)
Something isn’t quite right. It may be that you can’t stop yourself from worrying. Or you are compulsively avoiding things (places, people, certain situations). Perhaps you find yourself flying into a sudden, uncontrollable, panic. It may be that you are feeling down: you can’t shake the sadness, emptiness, or hopelessness in your life. You may be feeling worthless and guilty too. It could be your relationships that aren’t working (partner, friends, family, boss, or colleagues). Perhaps past experiences are haunting you so that you lose your connection to the present and the people in it. Perhaps it's all of the above.
Something isn’t quite right. It may be that you can’t stop yourself from worrying. Or you are compulsively avoiding things (places, people, certain situations). Perhaps you find yourself flying into a sudden, uncontrollable, panic. It may be that you are feeling down: you can’t shake the sadness, emptiness, or hopelessness in your life. You may be feeling worthless and guilty too. It could be your relationships that aren’t working (partner, friends, family, boss, or colleagues). Perhaps past experiences are haunting you so that you lose your connection to the present and the people in it. Perhaps it's all of the above.
(03) 7003 2150 View (03) 7003 2150

See more therapy options for Warburton

How does your Counsellor compare?

Number of Counsellors in Warburton, VIC

< 10

Counsellors in Warburton, VIC who prioritize treating:

100% Depression
100% Anxiety
83% Trauma and PTSD
67% ADHD
67% Self Esteem
67% Stress
50% Bereavement

Average years in practice

15 Years

Gender breakdown

100% Female

How Counsellors in Warburton, VIC see their clients

67% In Person and Online
33% Online Only
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling

How can I find a therapist in Warburton?

Search for nearby psychologists or counsellors by inputting your city, suburb, postcode, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postcode into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are members of the main professional associations, mainly the Australian Counselling Association and the Psychotherapy and Counselling Federation of Australia. Psychologists must be registered in the Australian Health Practitioner Regulation Agency (AHPRA). Most Social Workers listed in the directory are members of the Australian Association of Social Workers (AASW).

Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given that professional memberships are not a statutory requirement for social workers, psychotherapists and counsellors in Australia, certain qualified professionals or organisations may choose not to maintain such memberships despite possessing the necessary qualifications. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?

Counsellors, psychotherapists and psychologists can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and experience that enable them to do so in Australia.

Psychologists have earned a 4 year undergraduate degree in psychology and have completed a postgraduate internship or postgraduate degree. Psychotherapists generally have an undergraduate degree in a health related field in addition to 3-4 years of specialist training in psychotherapy and a period of personal psychotherapy. In order to belong to a professional organisation such as the ACA or PACFA, counsellors and psychotherapists are required to have completed a certain level of AQF qualifications and/ or an approved training course as well as clinical and supervision hours. Social Workers registered with the AASW are required to have a Bachelor’s or Master’s degree in Social Work from an accredited institution.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, the cost of a therapy session in Australia could be between $100 and $250. If you have private insurance, your plan may cover some if not all of your sessions. You should contact your insurance provider to determine if they provide coverage for therapy sessions and to determine what, if any, requirements they might have in order for your sessions to be covered, such as a referral from your GP or medical specialist.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. The Better Access Scheme is a government program offering Medicare rebates for mental health care. To access the program you will need to be assessed and diagnosed by your GP and get a Mental Health Plan. This will allow you to receive up to 10 individual sessions and 10 group sessions a year with practitioners who accept bulk billing, with no out of pocket costs for you.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postcode.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Therapists who are part of a professional organisation such as the ACA, PACFA, or the APS are bound by an ethical framework that requires them to uphold a confidentiality agreement. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there is the potential or known harm to the client or others or when a minor is in danger, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.