Counselling in Southbank, VIC

Photo of Aadhyaa Udawat, MA, ACA-L2, Counsellor
Aadhyaa Udawat
Counsellor, MA, ACA-L2
Verified Verified
Southbank, VIC 3006  (Online Only)
Navigating the intricate landscape of mental health, I specialize in supporting adolescents, young adults, and middle-aged individuals. From attachment and trauma to anxiety, relationship challenges, career stress, grief, depression, bipolar disorder, self-harm, substance abuse, low self-esteem, ADHD, complex trauma, and BPD – I address a diverse range of concerns. With a compassionate approach, we embark on a healing journey tailored to the unique needs of each individual, fostering resilience and well-being. Together, we navigate the complexities, promoting growth and empowerment in the face of various mental health challenges.
Navigating the intricate landscape of mental health, I specialize in supporting adolescents, young adults, and middle-aged individuals. From attachment and trauma to anxiety, relationship challenges, career stress, grief, depression, bipolar disorder, self-harm, substance abuse, low self-esteem, ADHD, complex trauma, and BPD – I address a diverse range of concerns. With a compassionate approach, we embark on a healing journey tailored to the unique needs of each individual, fostering resilience and well-being. Together, we navigate the complexities, promoting growth and empowerment in the face of various mental health challenges.
(03) 7003 2119 View (03) 7003 2119
Photo of Dr Nicki Gazis, PhD, PsyBA - Clin. Psych, Psychologist
Dr Nicki Gazis
Psychologist, PhD, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Verified Verified
Southbank, VIC 3006
I am a clinical psychologist and I cater for a range of psychological problems. I provide an affordable service with most sessions attracting a generous Medicare rebate provided that you have a Mental Health Treatment Plan from your GP. The service offers convenient day time and after-hours consultation times and is centrally located close to major transport in Southbank.
I am a clinical psychologist and I cater for a range of psychological problems. I provide an affordable service with most sessions attracting a generous Medicare rebate provided that you have a Mental Health Treatment Plan from your GP. The service offers convenient day time and after-hours consultation times and is centrally located close to major transport in Southbank.
(03) 7020 2715 View (03) 7020 2715
Photo of Meghan Lp - Melbourne Therapy and Counselling Centre , ACA-L2, Counsellor
Melbourne Therapy and Counselling Centre
Counsellor, ACA-L2
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Southbank, VIC 3006
We are a specialist Anxiety, Stress and Trauma Counselling Clinic providing Neuropsychotherapy and Counselling services to meet the unique needs of our clients. Our services are affordable & accessible via tele health & in person at our clinic in Murrumbeena and we offer counselling for women, men, young adults, families & couples. Our registered and experienced team are trained in integrative evidence-based therapies including CBT, ACT, CPT, EMDR & Trauma care. If you are experiencing anxiety, depression, trauma, stress, PTSD, relationship or family difficulties, societal pressures or just need support please reach out for help.
We are a specialist Anxiety, Stress and Trauma Counselling Clinic providing Neuropsychotherapy and Counselling services to meet the unique needs of our clients. Our services are affordable & accessible via tele health & in person at our clinic in Murrumbeena and we offer counselling for women, men, young adults, families & couples. Our registered and experienced team are trained in integrative evidence-based therapies including CBT, ACT, CPT, EMDR & Trauma care. If you are experiencing anxiety, depression, trauma, stress, PTSD, relationship or family difficulties, societal pressures or just need support please reach out for help.
(03) 7500 5117 View (03) 7500 5117
Photo of Aaron James Walton, MA, PsyBA General, Psychologist
Aaron James Walton
Psychologist, MA, PsyBA General
Verified Verified
Southbank, VIC 3006
I am a clinical psychology registrar with a compassionate and warm approach. I create a safe, supportive space in which clients can feel comfortable bringing their entire selves to session without judgment, and where they feel empowered to explore the full depths of their experiences. Therapy in my view is an opportunity for clients not only to reduce distress, but also to facilitate flourishing through deep examination of the self. I bring to the room diverse life experience, including working as a performer and working in finance. I am also currently conducting research on the relationship between free will beliefs and wellbeing.
I am a clinical psychology registrar with a compassionate and warm approach. I create a safe, supportive space in which clients can feel comfortable bringing their entire selves to session without judgment, and where they feel empowered to explore the full depths of their experiences. Therapy in my view is an opportunity for clients not only to reduce distress, but also to facilitate flourishing through deep examination of the self. I bring to the room diverse life experience, including working as a performer and working in finance. I am also currently conducting research on the relationship between free will beliefs and wellbeing.
(03) 7003 2826 View (03) 7003 2826
Photo of Shane Curley, MPsych, PsyBA - Clin. Psych, Psychologist
Shane Curley
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Verified Verified
Southbank, VIC 3006  (Online Only)
I am passionate about helping clients develop strategies to resolve anxiety and obsessive compulsive symptoms. I believe in a flexible tailored approach to meeting clients needs. I aim for a timely response to clients needs, getting results in an efficient manner.
I am passionate about helping clients develop strategies to resolve anxiety and obsessive compulsive symptoms. I believe in a flexible tailored approach to meeting clients needs. I aim for a timely response to clients needs, getting results in an efficient manner.
0425 408 538 View 0425 408 538
Photo of Nicole Osborn - Art of Mindful Psychology - Nicole Osborn, Psychotherapist
Art of Mindful Psychology - Nicole Osborn
Psychotherapist
Verified Verified
Southbank, VIC 3006
I am an NDIS Registered Child and Adolescent Psycotherapist sp in Autism with Advanced training in Acceptance Commitment Therapy. I offer analysis, Behavioral Therapy, ABA, Art as Therapy, and Emotional and Psychological support for all ages, and needs, including parents, families, schools and teachers. Areas include autism, anxiety, depression, ADD, ADHD, OCD, grief/loss, social and behavioural issues, sexual assault and more. I am known for my unconventional ways of working which works well with children and young adults. Please email info@artofmindfulpsychology with a brief description and best contact to arrange an appointment.
I am an NDIS Registered Child and Adolescent Psycotherapist sp in Autism with Advanced training in Acceptance Commitment Therapy. I offer analysis, Behavioral Therapy, ABA, Art as Therapy, and Emotional and Psychological support for all ages, and needs, including parents, families, schools and teachers. Areas include autism, anxiety, depression, ADD, ADHD, OCD, grief/loss, social and behavioural issues, sexual assault and more. I am known for my unconventional ways of working which works well with children and young adults. Please email info@artofmindfulpsychology with a brief description and best contact to arrange an appointment.
View
Photo of Peter A Charleston, MAPS, Psychologist
Peter A Charleston
Psychologist, MAPS
Verified Verified
Southbank, VIC 3006
My method is practical, supportive and straightforward. I help you remove your self-sabotage, improve habits, hold you to account and help you learn psychological skills such as Emotional Intelligence. I blend personal and workplace issues by integrating coaching and therapy techniques. In 2018 my first book was published named 'Closer.' This features my own framework for improving relationships, both at work and home. I have been a Psychologist for over twenty five years, and have extensive experience providing training in leadership, teamwork and emotional intelligence. I am regularly invited as a speaker and trainer.
My method is practical, supportive and straightforward. I help you remove your self-sabotage, improve habits, hold you to account and help you learn psychological skills such as Emotional Intelligence. I blend personal and workplace issues by integrating coaching and therapy techniques. In 2018 my first book was published named 'Closer.' This features my own framework for improving relationships, both at work and home. I have been a Psychologist for over twenty five years, and have extensive experience providing training in leadership, teamwork and emotional intelligence. I am regularly invited as a speaker and trainer.
(03) 7003 2149 View (03) 7003 2149
Photo of Carl Castle, MPsych, PsyBA - Clin. Psych, Psychologist
Carl Castle
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Verified Verified
Southbank, VIC 3006
Carl is an experienced clinical psychologist also trained in the area of human bioscience. Carl uses a holistic approach to comprehensively understand and address the many factors which can undermine mental health, and has particular interest in the mind-body connection and treatment of related disorders. Carl’s experience is broad and informed by work across the lifespan, including specialized work in the area of war and refugee trauma.
Carl is an experienced clinical psychologist also trained in the area of human bioscience. Carl uses a holistic approach to comprehensively understand and address the many factors which can undermine mental health, and has particular interest in the mind-body connection and treatment of related disorders. Carl’s experience is broad and informed by work across the lifespan, including specialized work in the area of war and refugee trauma.
(03) 7003 2968 View (03) 7003 2968
Photo of Maggie Hall, PsychD, MAPS, Psychologist
Maggie Hall
Psychologist, PsychD, MAPS
Verified Verified
Southbank, VIC 3006
Dr Maggie Hall is the founder of Inner South Psychology. She is an experienced clinical psychologist who uses a non-judgmental and empathetic approach to treat a wide variety of difficulties in adults of all ages. She has expertise in the treatment of anxiety and depression as well as stress, relationship difficulties, low self esteem, adjustment, life transitions, problems at work, sleep difficulties, loss, grief, addictions and managing difficult emotions.
Dr Maggie Hall is the founder of Inner South Psychology. She is an experienced clinical psychologist who uses a non-judgmental and empathetic approach to treat a wide variety of difficulties in adults of all ages. She has expertise in the treatment of anxiety and depression as well as stress, relationship difficulties, low self esteem, adjustment, life transitions, problems at work, sleep difficulties, loss, grief, addictions and managing difficult emotions.
(03) 9111 5312 View (03) 9111 5312
Photo of Kirra Williams, PsyBA General, Psychologist
Kirra Williams
Psychologist, PsyBA General
Verified Verified
Southbank, VIC 3006  (Online Only)
I enjoy working on tailored therapy with individuals so you feel confident in tackling life (using informed evidence based interventions such as CBT and EFT). I work holistically and will be honest in my approach.
I enjoy working on tailored therapy with individuals so you feel confident in tackling life (using informed evidence based interventions such as CBT and EFT). I work holistically and will be honest in my approach.
(03) 7003 2795 View (03) 7003 2795
Photo of Aish Nair, MA, PsyBA General, Psychologist
Aish Nair
Psychologist, MA, PsyBA General
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Southbank, VIC 3006
Aish (She/her) has experience working with people across the lifespan and from diverse backgrounds, presenting with issues such as depression, anxiety, relationship concerns, trauma and personality disorders. She has extensive experience working with young people, particularly those with complex needs. She is particularly interested in trauma-based work. She uses CBT, DBT, ACT and Mindfulness-based practices. She builds honest, open and empathetic relationships with her clients. She has a commitment to collaborating with clients in a non-judgmental way to help them build a life worth living.
Aish (She/her) has experience working with people across the lifespan and from diverse backgrounds, presenting with issues such as depression, anxiety, relationship concerns, trauma and personality disorders. She has extensive experience working with young people, particularly those with complex needs. She is particularly interested in trauma-based work. She uses CBT, DBT, ACT and Mindfulness-based practices. She builds honest, open and empathetic relationships with her clients. She has a commitment to collaborating with clients in a non-judgmental way to help them build a life worth living.
(03) 7003 2466 View (03) 7003 2466
Photo of Guy Howick, PsyBA General, Psychologist
Guy Howick
Psychologist, PsyBA General
Verified Verified
Southbank, VIC 3006
So many concerns come from overthinking & believing what we think too often. So many concerns come from overthinking & believing what we think too often. Circumstances can be challenging/overwhelming. We can become depressed/anxious, which can affect relationships; especially after recent/past traumatic experiences, or distressing/unsupportive family relationships, which can negatively affect our ability to cope, & our view of ourselves & our place in the world. Mindfulness-based cognitive behaviour therapy (ACT/CBT/Schema Therapy/MET) can effectively address unhelpful patterns of thinking & behaviour.
So many concerns come from overthinking & believing what we think too often. So many concerns come from overthinking & believing what we think too often. Circumstances can be challenging/overwhelming. We can become depressed/anxious, which can affect relationships; especially after recent/past traumatic experiences, or distressing/unsupportive family relationships, which can negatively affect our ability to cope, & our view of ourselves & our place in the world. Mindfulness-based cognitive behaviour therapy (ACT/CBT/Schema Therapy/MET) can effectively address unhelpful patterns of thinking & behaviour.
(03) 7003 2546 View (03) 7003 2546
Photo of Wen Chan, MPsych, PsyBA General, Psychologist
Wen Chan
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA General
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Southbank, VIC 3006
I am passionate about amplifying voices and creating spaces for individuals to freely express themselves. This includes voices of people of colour, First Nations individuals, migrants, and other marginalised minority groups that experience greater systemic barriers. For some communities, there are expectations of how one should think and behave within their cultural context. However, this can often be misaligned with their true sense of self. Being stuck in between two cultural worlds can be challenging.
I am passionate about amplifying voices and creating spaces for individuals to freely express themselves. This includes voices of people of colour, First Nations individuals, migrants, and other marginalised minority groups that experience greater systemic barriers. For some communities, there are expectations of how one should think and behave within their cultural context. However, this can often be misaligned with their true sense of self. Being stuck in between two cultural worlds can be challenging.
(03) 9118 9087 View (03) 9118 9087
Photo of Carolina Bustos, PsyBA General, Psychologist
Carolina Bustos
Psychologist, PsyBA General
Verified Verified
Southbank, VIC 3006
I am a warm and non-judgmental therapist, who enjoys working collaboratively with my clients. I use a humanistic approach and a variety of evidence-based techniques to facilitate goal achievements. I work reflectively and obtain feedback from my clients to ensure treatment plans make genuine sense through their time in therapy. I provide a welcoming space for my younger clients where they feel free to express their emotions and thoughts in a safe and fun manner (play therapy, artistic activities or verbal communication). Having lived in several countries, I have a broad understanding of cultural differences and human diversity.
I am a warm and non-judgmental therapist, who enjoys working collaboratively with my clients. I use a humanistic approach and a variety of evidence-based techniques to facilitate goal achievements. I work reflectively and obtain feedback from my clients to ensure treatment plans make genuine sense through their time in therapy. I provide a welcoming space for my younger clients where they feel free to express their emotions and thoughts in a safe and fun manner (play therapy, artistic activities or verbal communication). Having lived in several countries, I have a broad understanding of cultural differences and human diversity.
(03) 6164 5011 View (03) 6164 5011
Photo of Daniel John Van der Pluym - Deeper Potential, Assoc MAPS, Psychotherapist
Deeper Potential
Psychotherapist, Assoc MAPS
Verified Verified
Southbank, VIC 3006
Deeper Potential (Dan Van der Pluym) is a mental health and wellbeing coaching service specialising in helping adults with ADHD implement habits, systems and strategies to better manage their time, energy and attention. By implementing these elements people find a renewed sense of balance in their lives. Dan also specialises in working with people who have experienced burnout, failure, lost motivation and hope, to help them build a renewed sense of energy, hope, purpose and meaning in their lives.
Deeper Potential (Dan Van der Pluym) is a mental health and wellbeing coaching service specialising in helping adults with ADHD implement habits, systems and strategies to better manage their time, energy and attention. By implementing these elements people find a renewed sense of balance in their lives. Dan also specialises in working with people who have experienced burnout, failure, lost motivation and hope, to help them build a renewed sense of energy, hope, purpose and meaning in their lives.
(03) 7003 2224 View (03) 7003 2224
Photo of Helen Werts - RMB Psychology, MPsych, MAPS, Psychologist
RMB Psychology
Psychologist, MPsych, MAPS
Verified Verified
Southbank, VIC 3006
The key to successful therapy is the therapeutic relationship you and I develop over time. I know that you need to be seen, heard, validated and be able to trust me so I can provide you a safe trauma-informed care and practice. This model focuses on providing you with a safe space to explore and understand your life. I ask 'What happened to you?' and I bear witness to your story. I am an Accredited EMDR Practitioner (Consultant in training), Internal Family Systems Therapist (Level 2-Addictions), and a Somatic Experiencing Practitioner (in training Advanced). I have also been a Program Assistant on IFSI trainings in Australia.
The key to successful therapy is the therapeutic relationship you and I develop over time. I know that you need to be seen, heard, validated and be able to trust me so I can provide you a safe trauma-informed care and practice. This model focuses on providing you with a safe space to explore and understand your life. I ask 'What happened to you?' and I bear witness to your story. I am an Accredited EMDR Practitioner (Consultant in training), Internal Family Systems Therapist (Level 2-Addictions), and a Somatic Experiencing Practitioner (in training Advanced). I have also been a Program Assistant on IFSI trainings in Australia.
(03) 8372 0563 View (03) 8372 0563
Stuart Naughten
Psychologist, PsychD, PsyBA General
Verified Verified
Southbank, VIC 3006
I see individuals, couples, families and other groups who are seeking help with a range of both individual and interpersonal psychological issues.
I see individuals, couples, families and other groups who are seeking help with a range of both individual and interpersonal psychological issues.
(03) 9068 5928 View (03) 9068 5928
Photo of Joyce Ma, PsyBA General, Psychologist
Joyce Ma
Psychologist, PsyBA General
Verified Verified
Southbank, VIC 3006  (Online Only)
Joyce is an Australian Registered Psychologist with a compassionate, empathic and client-focused approach to counselling. Joyce is approachable and warm-hearted - she listens to her clients and works through the difficulties that they are facing. Joyce speaks two languages: English and Chinese (Fluent Cantonese and some Mandarin). Joyce’s goal is to help as many people presenting with psychological difficulties as possible, getting through hard times together and promote wellbeing and happiness.
Joyce is an Australian Registered Psychologist with a compassionate, empathic and client-focused approach to counselling. Joyce is approachable and warm-hearted - she listens to her clients and works through the difficulties that they are facing. Joyce speaks two languages: English and Chinese (Fluent Cantonese and some Mandarin). Joyce’s goal is to help as many people presenting with psychological difficulties as possible, getting through hard times together and promote wellbeing and happiness.
1800 327 477 x1 View 1800 327 477 x1
Photo of Michelle Sophia Karipidis, MA, PsyBA General, Psychologist
Michelle Sophia Karipidis
Psychologist, MA, PsyBA General
Verified Verified
Southbank, VIC 3006
Life can be hard. I see each individual as a unique story waiting to be explored, understood, and empowered. Together we will navigate the twists of life's narrative, transforming obstacles into opportunities for resilience. I work with children, teens to younger and older adults, understanding that our connection presides over anything else. My work extends across a spectrum of challenges, from Anxiety, Depression and self-esteem issues to navigating relationships, addressing addictions, and exploring sexuality. No matter the issue, my focus is on ensuring you feel comfortable and supported as we unravel your story.
Life can be hard. I see each individual as a unique story waiting to be explored, understood, and empowered. Together we will navigate the twists of life's narrative, transforming obstacles into opportunities for resilience. I work with children, teens to younger and older adults, understanding that our connection presides over anything else. My work extends across a spectrum of challenges, from Anxiety, Depression and self-esteem issues to navigating relationships, addressing addictions, and exploring sexuality. No matter the issue, my focus is on ensuring you feel comfortable and supported as we unravel your story.
(03) 7003 2394 View (03) 7003 2394
Photo of Tas Manolopoulos, ACA-L2, Psychotherapist
Tas Manolopoulos
Psychotherapist, ACA-L2
Verified Verified
Southbank, VIC 3006
I have been working as a Counsellor and Psychotherapist in Private Practice since 2011. My aim is to create spaces of trust for clients to explore the intricacy of their own lives, to identify the fullness and complexity of their experience, to come to terms with themselves, and to release behaviour which no longer serves them. My work is Humanistic, Person Centred and Emotion Focused, and I use the integrative approaches of my training as entry points for us to language, feel, and honour, all that we carry deeply within us.
I have been working as a Counsellor and Psychotherapist in Private Practice since 2011. My aim is to create spaces of trust for clients to explore the intricacy of their own lives, to identify the fullness and complexity of their experience, to come to terms with themselves, and to release behaviour which no longer serves them. My work is Humanistic, Person Centred and Emotion Focused, and I use the integrative approaches of my training as entry points for us to language, feel, and honour, all that we carry deeply within us.
(03) 7003 2801 View (03) 7003 2801
1

See more therapy options for Southbank

How does your Counsellor compare?

Number of Counsellors in Southbank, VIC

30+

Average cost per session

$190

Counsellors in Southbank, VIC who prioritize treating:

95% Anxiety
87% Depression
82% Relationship Issues
79% Self Esteem
76% Stress
74% Trauma and PTSD
63% Coping Skills

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

81% Medicare Rebates
62% Bupa
48% NDIS

How Counsellors in Southbank, VIC see their clients

82% In Person and Online
18% Online Only

Gender breakdown

71% Female
29% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling

How can I find a therapist in Southbank?

Search for nearby psychologists or counsellors by inputting your city, suburb, postcode, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postcode into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are members of the main professional associations, mainly the Australian Counselling Association and the Psychotherapy and Counselling Federation of Australia. Psychologists must be registered in the Australian Health Practitioner Regulation Agency (AHPRA). Most Social Workers listed in the directory are members of the Australian Association of Social Workers (AASW).

Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given that professional memberships are not a statutory requirement for social workers, psychotherapists and counsellors in Australia, certain qualified professionals or organisations may choose not to maintain such memberships despite possessing the necessary qualifications. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?

Counsellors, psychotherapists and psychologists can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and experience that enable them to do so in Australia.

Psychologists have earned a 4 year undergraduate degree in psychology and have completed a postgraduate internship or postgraduate degree. Psychotherapists generally have an undergraduate degree in a health related field in addition to 3-4 years of specialist training in psychotherapy and a period of personal psychotherapy. In order to belong to a professional organisation such as the ACA or PACFA, counsellors and psychotherapists are required to have completed a certain level of AQF qualifications and/ or an approved training course as well as clinical and supervision hours. Social Workers registered with the AASW are required to have a Bachelor’s or Master’s degree in Social Work from an accredited institution.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, the cost of a therapy session in Australia could be between $100 and $250. If you have private insurance, your plan may cover some if not all of your sessions. You should contact your insurance provider to determine if they provide coverage for therapy sessions and to determine what, if any, requirements they might have in order for your sessions to be covered, such as a referral from your GP or medical specialist.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. The Better Access Scheme is a government program offering Medicare rebates for mental health care. To access the program you will need to be assessed and diagnosed by your GP and get a Mental Health Plan. This will allow you to receive up to 10 individual sessions and 10 group sessions a year with practitioners who accept bulk billing, with no out of pocket costs for you.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postcode.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Therapists who are part of a professional organisation such as the ACA, PACFA, or the APS are bound by an ethical framework that requires them to uphold a confidentiality agreement. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there is the potential or known harm to the client or others or when a minor is in danger, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.